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THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY. S. C. U. S., Russia Fight Diplomatic Battle ‘Truman Doctrine’ Termed Preventive Against Conflict By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNC Service, 1616 Eye Street, N. W„ Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON.—There is no im minent danger of war between the United States and Russia. You’ve heard that before, and as far as I know, it is true. There is a diplomatic struggle go ing on between the two countries, the scope and importance of which few people realize. When I say'“important,” I mean important in all senses but one— human life — in which a real, shooting war is important. Cer tainly involved are the other two factors in the trinity of rights to which Ameri cans believe they eluding money) in this country were announced at the same time. Hungarian credits here for surplus property supplies were cut off. There were indications that a loan earmarked for Hun gary would be cancelled. A Hungarian-Russian trans port company was told that its planes no longer could fly over the American zone in Germany. • Senator Vandenberg made his ringing speech in the senate de claring that Soviet pressure on Hungary demanded a trial be fore the forum of the United Nations.” Baukhage and the pursuit of happiness. This has been clear to observers in Washington whether they merely look with their eyes at the external evidence, or scent with news-noses the currents which are wafted over transoms and under the big oak doors of the sanctum sanctorum of the sanctis- simi. Sharp words have tumbled over one another since the first verbal barrage, which was the Presidential message of March 12, 1947, some times described as embodying the “Truman Doctrine.” May I remind you of a few of the barbed shafts in that message? "The very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the ter rorist activities of several thousand armed men, led by Communists, who defy the government’s author ity at a number of points, particular ly along the northern boundaries . . .” said the President. “One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. . . . “We shall not realize our objec tives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their na tional integrity against aggressive movemenis that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the founda tions of international peace, and hence the security of the United States. . . . “The peoples of a number of countries of the world have re cently had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. The government of the United States has made fre quent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Po land, Romania, and Bulgaria. I must also state that in a number of other countries there have been similar developments. . . .” (He knew what was in the Hungarian cards.) “One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is dis tinguished by free institutions, rep resentative government, free elec tions, guarantees of individual lib erty, freedom of speech and relig ion, and freedom from political op pression. . . . “The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It re lies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the suppression of per sonal freedoms.” Strong words, those—all quoted from the Truman message. Congress Follows Words With Action Then came deeds. Congress im plemented the President’s mes sage by authorizing the loan of three hundred millions to Greece and one hundred millions to Turkey. Missions were sent at once to both countries. The United States concluded with Britain arrangements for an eco nomic merger of their respective zones in Germany regardless of Russian (and French) failure to go along. Then came the expected coup d’etat in which the Communists, with the Red army backing them and the aid of the Communist-con- trolled secret police, took over the anti-Communist government of Hungary- Immediately there fol lowed these steps: A message of congratulation and support was sent to the Premier of Italy, Alcide de Gasperi, then in the process of forming a government without Communist co-operation and against Communist opposition. Negotiations leading to the “un freezing” of Italian property (in- The United States pressed for set tlement of demands on Yugoslavia for planes shot down by Yugoslavia last summer. These and other steps which un- . . . doubtedly will be taken before this ar ® keir article is in print, and still oth ers in the making, are part of a vigorous foreign policy by which we mean to block Communist aggres sion wherever it appears in the world. In other words we have un dertaken a form of positive activity in the foreign field, the scope of which has never been paralleled in our history. Supporters of this policy (the ma jority of congress) believe it is a preventive, not an aggressive step. They do not believe it is a foreign policy which von Clausewitz, the German military authority, de scribed as something the “exten sion” of which is war. They be lieve it can stop, will not start, mili tary conflict. Possible War Of Extermination The policy is based on this theory, as nearly as I can absorb it from the people who know: Unless economic conditions are restored to normal throughout the world, chaos will result, commu nism will engulf Europe, and eventually the clash between com munism and democracy as we un derstand it, will mean war between Russia and the United States. Since it now is believed that Russia will have the atom bomb in from four to ten years (cf. report of the Presi dent’s advisory commission on uni versal training), such a war would mean extermination, if not of the human race, certainly of civilization as we know it. Granted this is true, the spread of communism in Europe (and else where) must be checked now be cause: If either France or Italy goes Red, Russia will not co-operate in a joint peace agreement for Germany and Austria. Without such agreement, Europe cannot be restored to nor mal. Chaos and communism will follow. If Russia is stopped in her tracks —if we can prevent her from mov ing south into Greece. Turkey and the Middle East, and west of the line she holds at present from her German zone south through the Bal kans to Greece, she will be forced to stop aggression in Europe: forced to co-operate with the western powers for her own preservation. That as I understand it, is what some people call the “Truman Doc trine.” It isn’t quite fair to give it such an exclusive label when it never could have been put into effect without the yeoman service of men like Vandenberg and the other bi-partisan support it has re ceived. This does not mean that we have “lost faith in democracy” or its ability to compete in a fair field with communism. It means we are going to see that a fair field is main tained; that Russia will not be per mitted to create chaos or to draw on the type of force and terror she has used so far (latterly in Hun gary), to enforce her way of life upon the world. SATIRE ON SCHOOL AID . . . Community groups of Springport, Mich., a village of 500 population, erected this display on the site of proposed new school, needed to relieve a 600-pupil load in facilities for 100, when they learned the state legislature had dropped plans for school building aid. Pictured in the “new school” is Mrs. William Porter teaching her class. NEWS REVIEW Sugar Rationing Halted; Retail Meat Prices Soar IT’S OVER: Sugar Is Back For the first time since April 28, 1942, Americans, and especially housewives, could go shopping with out ration coupons as the govern ment called a halt to the rationing of sugar for households, restaurants and hotels. Secretary of Agriculture Clinton Anderson announced the move, ex plaining that it was made possible by the appearance of larger sup plies of sugar than previously had been thought available. Price controls on sugar, as well as rationing of the product for in dustrial use will continue, however. All sugar controls are scheduled to expire October 31 unless congress dictates otherwise. Three reasons which acted to bring about an end to sugar ration ing were: 1. Allotment by the Interna tional Emergency food council to the United States of 350,000 tons of sugar from Cuba in ad dition to that which was allotted earlier in the year. 2. Presence of still more sur plus sugar in Cuba, which will help cut down demands from other parts of the world. 3. About 200,000 tons of Java nese sugar now will be offered to world users. UP AGAIN: Meat Prices Rapid, and in some cases unex plained, advances in the retail prices of meat have been reported from many sections of the country. Some of the reasons offered for the price jumps were: Seasonal in fluences, higher feed costs, heavy foreign purchases. In a number of instances, however, packers admit ted that they were puzzled over the sharp increase in retail prices. Steak, which sold for 70 to 80 cents a pound six months ago, was being listed as high as $1.25 in Scranton, Pa., and a dollar in New York. In Chicago, retail meat prices experienced a general increase of 10 cents or more on popular and scarce cuts in mid-June. There was one bright prediction, however: When the autumn beef run begins, prices are expected to drop as much as 25 per cent. HARSH WORDS: Note to Russia The United States has accused Russia of using threats and coer cion to instigate the recent Cjm- munist coup d’etat in Hungary. A strongly worded note to the Soviet union charged the Soviet commander in Hungary with violat ing terms of the Yalta agreement which guaranteed that liberated na tions would retain their sover eignty. Implicit, but not specifically stated, in the note was a warning that the United States will call for a United Nations investigation of the circumstances under which Hungary’s democratic regime was overthrown and Communist rule in stalled. Main proposal embodied in the protest was that the United States, Great Britain and Russia make a joint investigation of the political situation in Hungary. Russia previ ously rejected two earlier American requests for such a probe. The U. S. position is that Hun garian Premier Nagy was forced into exile and was compelled to re sign in order to make way for the Communist seizure of power. PUSHBUTTON: Look, No Hands “Pushbutton” automatic flight, a new field in aviation, was ushered in when a pilotless four-engine army transport plane landed at Wil mington, Ohio, after a 2,000-mile trip from Long Beach, Calif., dur ing which no member of the crew touched the controls. It was the longest flight of its kind to be completed wholly by means of the pushbutton automatic sys tem, not to be confused with drone planes or remote control flight. In the automatic flight set-up, all necessary flight data was fed elec trically into a master control panel from-within the plane itself. Advocates Training Dr. Karl T. Compton, chairman of commission on universal mili tary training, told congress that plan for UMT was “conceived as a means of safeguarding liberty and not as a means of preparing for war.” FAVORABLE FORECAST Wheat Crop To Hit New Peak WASHINGTON.—Despite the wet, cold spring, a record-shattering wheat crop of 1,409,800,000 bushels is indicated this year, according to the department of agriculture fore cast based on conditions as of June 1. The inclement weather, partic ularly in May, was unfavorable for planting of some feed grains but wheat, the forecast pointed out. The prospective wheat crop, larg est on record, compares with 1,275,- 000,000 bushels forecast a month ago and 1,155,715,000 bushels harvested last year, a record up to that time. The 10-year average production is 843,692,000 bushels. The government forecast showed the winter wheat prospect to be 1,093,071,000 bushels and 316,822,- 000 bushels for spring wheat. The wet spring was responsible for a reduced acreage of oats, the report said, and a crop of only 1,247,- 333,000 bushels is in prospect. This compares with 1,509,867,000 bushels harvested last year. No estimate was made of the corn crop as it is too early in the season fo” a reasonable degree of accuracy, but the report said that the abnor mally cool, wet weather of May caused 20 to 25 per cent of the com acreage to remain unplanted on June 1, which is rather late. An unequalled winter wheat crop is in prospect for all of the Great Plains area, and Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado ex pect record production, the report said. While growth and develop ment of the crop was delayed by a cold wet spring in all but the Pa cific coast states, losses from wet weather have been slight to date. In the earliest sections of Texas and Oklahoma harvest got under way around June 1, at least 10 days later than last year. Major spring wheat states had fairly favorable weather conditions early in May, which enabled grow ers to plant close to their intended acreage, although seeding was somewhat later than usual. The crop went into the ground several weeks later than usual in the Da kotas and Minnesota, where about three-fourths of the acreage is grown, but the plantings were under favorable moisture conditional Released by Western Newspaper Union. Tariff Issue ‘Dead’ THE TARIFF, as a political party issue, is dead. For many years it appeared as the leading plank in both major party platforms. Half a century ago Mark Hanna, with a "full dinner pail” slogan based on a high protective tariff, elected Mc Kinley to the presidency on the Re publican ticket In the 1880’s and 1890’s and for the first quarter of this century, aside from the second Wilson cam paign when “he kept us out of war” was of greater appeal than the Re publican high tariff, the tariff was the only real issue between the two parties. Manufacturing industry was largely located in the North and East; food farming was in the North Central states. The South was al most exclusively agricultural, with cotton its one crop. The manufacturing and food pro ducing sections demanded high pro tective tariffs. It meant, by pro tecting the home market, high wages, and better profits in the fac tories, and higher prices on the American market for food products. Europe could not feed itself, and would buy American-produced food even though we prevented the sale in this country of its manufactured products. The South was interested in a European market for its cot ton, and in buying the manufactured commodities it needed from those who would sell at the lowest price. The Northeast and North Centra) states, with the greater number of electoral votes, named the Presi dent, and picked the man represent ing the high tariff policy, except on those rare occasions when the errors or follies of the Republican more than offset their high tariff advantage. We were then a debtor na tion. Foreign capital was heav ily invested in development of our resources, and in our trans portation and our industrial en terprises. We were paying in terest, for ocean transportation, interest to every nation, and none were paying interest to us. The money we paid for interest, for ocean transportation, for shipping insurance, came back to us in payment for our food products. In those days food and cotton represented some 75 per cent of our exports. Today we are the big creditor nation of the world. We have paid off the mortgage held by Europe, and are no longer paying interest. The result of the war thrust both financial and political leadership upon the United States. Instead of Europe financing our development, we now are financing Europe. In stead of the interest money we for merly paid coming back to us in payment for food, we now are hav ing to dig down in our jeans for the price to provide Europe with both food and manufactured consumer commodities, urgently needed if Eu rope is to survive. Conditions have changed our en tire setup, and have taken the tariff out as a political difference. In place of the tariff as a leading is sue, we now have the problem: Shall we, or shall we not, attempt to finance the rest of the world? We can have all the orders for what we are willing to provide the pay ments. Are we to be the world’s banker and take our chances on bad debts? It is the pros and cons of such a program that will be the leading issue of the next campaign • • • The Wallace Way IN HIS CAPACITY of secretary Of agriculture, Henry A. Wallace and others, including Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, attempted to secure enactment of a bill that, if passed, would have permitted the secretary of agriculture to send a merchant to jail for a year for advertising that “he sold the best flour in town.” The bill would have given the sec retary full authority to punish any merchant for any advertising state ment, either direct or by intima tion, with which the secretary did not agree, or considered false or misleading. There was to have been no court appeal permitted. Under present conditions, Wallace, if still secretary of agriculture, probably would like such a law to include the President of the United States as one whom the secretary could send to jail for making what the secretary considered “false or misleading statements.” Wallace undoubtedly would be pleased to send President Truman to jail for the rest of his life under consecu tive sentences. • * • A BOY of some 17 years was in the police court for having violated a city ordinance prohibiting riding bicycles on the sidewalk. “I pre fer to ride on the sidewalks,” he told the judge, “and I do not rec ognize the right of a cheap cop to stop me.” He got a $5 fine, and found there was someone from whom he must take orders. He had not previously learned that at ei ther home or school. The boy and the pedestrian he struck, were both victims of the so-called “progres sive” education. ANCIENT VILLAGES PRESERVED . . . Fascinating villages, built b£ Indians centuries ago in inaccessible caves perched high in canyon walls, are preserved in Mesa Verde National park. The ciiO cities, of which Cliff Palace (above) is typical, are noted for their size and excellence of building techniques. NOT ONLY SCENERY Rain Forests, Cliff Cities Show Diversity of Parks WNU Features. “National Parks” has become a synonymous phrase for superlative scenery, but there are also many other diverse interests represented in the national park system of the Unit ed States. In Olympic National park in Washington, for ex ample, are unusual “rain forests,” where, as a result of a mild climate and abundant winter rains, a tropical appearing jungle has been created far north< - in the temperate zone. Here also is the home of the rare Roosevelt elk, for the protection of which a part of the park was established as a national monument as early as 1908. On the other hand, far to the south of the Olympics in the southwestern corner of Colorado Mesa Verde Na tional park preserves the ruins of a once flourishing civilization which was brought to an end by a lack of rainfall. The national parks also include two areas famous for their health-giving springs—Hot Springs National park in Arkansas and Platt National park in Oklahoma. The Olympic mountains are known to thousands of veterans of World War II who returned to Puget sound ports from the Pacific thea ters. From far out at sea these glistening snowy peaks were the first welcoming sight of home. Mount Olympus, nearly 8,000 feet in height, and a National Parks Eighth In a Series score or more of other ice- capped moun tains are in cluded in the 1,325 square miles of Olympic National park. Occupying the heart of a great peninsula, this park is surrounded on three sides by water, the Pacific ocean on the west, the Straits of Juan de Fuca to the north and Puget sound on the east. Within a few hours of Seattle and Tacoma are virgin for ests, alpine meadows, deep blue lakes and sparkling trout streams, which constitute one of the finest un spoiled wilderness areas in the Unit ed States. » The rain forests are found in the lower valleys on the west ern slopes where from Septem ber I to June 1 there is an aver age annual rainfall of 142 inches, nearly 12 feet. In these rain forests are Douglas firs, meas uring up to 17 feet in diameter and 221 feet in height. There are many miles of foot and horseback trails in Olympic Na tional park and a motor highway en circles the peninsula. From this main highway other roads radiate for short distances into the park. • * • IN THE CORNER of Colorado where the Rocky mountains meet the arid highlands of the Southwest there rises ^ high flat-topped table shaped mountain. Early Spanish explorers called it the Mesa Verde, for the table top, heavily forested with pinon and juniper, was always green. On this green mesa and in its caves and canyons peaceful farming Indians lived for 1,300 years, cultivating the soil and built their villages or pueblos. To preserve the ruins of these fascinating vil lages, Mesa Verde National park has been established. The area of the park is 80 square miles. According to archeologists the In dians came to America from their Asiatic homeland by the northern route thousands of years ago and for many centuries lived as roving hunters. About the beginning of the Christian Era certain of early hunt ers arrived in the region of the Mesa Verde. They liked the security af forded by this high mountain with its peculiar cliffs, and settled down to farm. First inhabitants of the Mesa Verde were known as Basket Makers for, while they made excel lent baskets, they had no pottery, nor did they use the bow and ar row. They lived in open caves and hunted with the throwing stick. Lat er they learned the art of pottery making, acquired bows and ar rows and built simple pit houses. About the time that Charles Mar tel was defeating the Moors at Tours, or roughly in the Eighth century, a new people joined the Basket Makers on the Mesa Verde and together they made remark able cultural progress. On the mesa top they built hundreds of villages, some with buildings of mud and others of stone. They improved their pottery and began the weav ing of cotton cloth. These people apparently were peace loving, and in the 11th century about the time that Wil liam the Conqueror was land ing in Britain, they also were beset by enemies. Many of them, therefore, moved off the open mesa top and constructed their villages in inaccessible caves located high in canyon walls. These villages, many of them well preserved today, are astonishing both for their size and excellence of building tech niques. Toward the end of the 13th cen tury, a 24-year-long drouth forced these people to abandon their cliff cities and move to more favorable lands. • * * HOT SPRINGS National park, lo cated in a mountainous region of central Arkansas, contains in its thousand acres 47 mineral hot springs reputed to have therapeutic value. These springs were known to the Indians and early Spaniards, and were used by them. Within the national park are free campsites and there is a free government bathhouse for people who cannot af ford to pay for private baths. • * • PLATT NATIONAL park, contain ing bromide and sulphur springs, is located at the town of Sulphur, Okla. Small in area, this park is known chiefly by those for whom the waters are prescribed. The park is provided with free campgrounds and picnic areas, and overnight ac commodations may be found in Sulphur. VIRGIN FOREST . . . Large spruce trees abound along Hoh river in Olympic National park', one of the finest unspoiled wilder ness areas in the country. Primitive Area Is ‘Last Frontier’ LEWISTON. IDA. — Preservation of the 1,800,000 acres of primitive area in north Idaho as the last frontier in the United States “for all time to come” is the objective of the U. S. Forest service. Generally reputed to be the wild est region in America, the Selway Bitter Root primitive area em braces Bitter Root, Nez Perce, Clearwater and Lolo National for ests. Travelers can enter the area either by plane, a western pack train or by hobnail boots, plus plenty of good old-fashioned de termination. R. H. Rutledge, Idaho regional forester, summed up the plans when he said: “We wish to hold and maintain frontier conditions such as our forefathers met with mystery, romance, freedom of use and in spirational qualities unimpaired and preserved for future generations.” Gems of Thought O NE of the illusions of life is that the present hour is not the critical, decisive hour. Ev ery day is the best day in the year. Life doesn’t consist of the abund ance of things you possess, but in grasping your many opportunities of being of service to others. Unlike other things, words gain with every weighing. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT BUILDING MATERIALS CONCRETE BLOCK MACHINES 200 to 240 blocks hour, others hand or power 45 to 100 hour, brick machines, batch mixer* any size, motors and gas engines. MADI SON EQUIPMENT CO.. Madlsen. Teas. BUSINESS & INVEST. OPPOR. SMALL DRY GOODS store for sale. Locat ed in nice. North Georgia town. Stock and Fixtures around $4,000. Write Box A-l* 400 Edward Ave.. 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