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THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C. Profit, $50—But Houses Are Built Hammer’s Cheerful Song Assures Homes for Vets ByBAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNV Service, 1616 Eye Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. (This is the third of a series describ ing how American ingenuity is help ing to solve one of Americas biggest problems—the GJ.’s No. 1 headache— the housing shortage). , WASHINGTON.—Have you been In York, Pa., lately? It’s a big- little town of 50,000 population in southern Pennsylvania with a hin terland of rich farm country, of the famous Pennsylvania Dutch, where tables groan with seven-sweet-and- seven-sour dishes, as good victuals as you’ll find though you wonder the world between hors d’oeuvres and baked alaskas from pole to pole and back again. York is a busy place, a place of bustling industries whose products are known from coast to coast It 4s also a town which can lift its eyes from the plowshare and the forge to think, simply and soundly, about caring for its own. It’s a town of ingenuity. Walk out to the Midland avenue section with me. You come upon a batch of clap board houses — they line both sides of the street : for a whole block in various stages of comple tion. One group of workmen is fin ishing the grad ing on lots; an other hauls plas ter into a house; still others un load door frames across the street, and put the fin ishing touches to the roof of a house being built for a veteran. Go a little farther downtown and you come to the Elm street houses— neat, obviously new, two-bedroom bungalows which have just been sold to veterans for $5,250 each. On the other side of town, in Park Village, you can drive for blocks through winding streets flanked by new houses, partly completed houses, excavations for houses, and every where the cheerful song of the ham mer and the saw, the lap of pouring concrete, the thud of the pick in the deep soil. When the lights go on at night, you will notice that a great many of the old-fashioned, three-story row houses in downtown York are lighted from top to bottom. You’d guess that a lot of people were liv ing in those houses. You’d be right. The buildings have been converted into small apartments. It looks as though York is getting itself pretty well housed. A glance at the figures confirms just how well the town is doing. In 1946 York Baukhage built 613 new houses—100 per cent more houses than were ever built in any previous year of the city’s history. In addition, Yorkites add ed 481 new dwelling units by con verting old houses into apartments. Of course, this didn’t just hap pen. It was made to happen by a great many local people deter mined that York’s veterans would have a place to live. t The big drive got under way last year when a survey showed that one out of every three York veterans was living doubled up with friends or relatives in dilapidated old buildings in need of major repairs, or in trailers without standard plumbing facilities. That’s the way it was in York a year ago when Mayor John L. Snyder appointed an 18- member emergency housing com mittee. The committee's decision was that York should be able to provide 1,200 new units in 1946; another 1,800 this year. They called a meet ing of every one concerned with hous ing; asked each builder to stand up and tell the group how many of the needed houses he would build in 1946—until the pledges met the quota. Shortages of materials were a se rious threat to this undertaking, but York builders had accepted their quotas and were determined to build houses. When they couldn’t find the scarce materials near home, they went to Buffalo, to Ohio, to Hagers town, Md. Members of the housing commit tee pitched in with enthusiasm. One of them came back from a Sunday drive with two kegs of nails in his car—bought on the spot when he dis covered a little country hardware store that had some. Someone else found a millwork concern in a near by town which had some door frames for sale. To keep prices down, local builders voluntarily cut profits. One went so far as to take a prof it of only $50 per house on a large group of veterans’ houses. Because converting to apartments is quicker and takes less materials, York also undertook a campaign in this direction, aided by the Cham ber of Commerce, the local housing expediter, banks, press and radio. In 1946—a year when shortages brought building programs in many communities to a dead stop—York built twice as many houses as had been produced there in any previous year. York’s goal for 1947 is 1,800 new living units. The folk in York aren’t promising anything — they aren’t talking about what they’re go ing to do. But in the first four months of the year—with the build ing season just getting under way— they’ve filed over 1,100 applications to build houses. SCHOOL AT NORTHERNMOST OUTPOST . . . There seems to be no evading the traditional “three R’s.’’ These little Eskimo residents of Point Barrow, northernmost outpost of the United States, are learning them at the Point Barrow school (background) from Amer ican teachers. Point Barrow, a little village covered by snow the year around, is the center of extensive oil explorations started by the navy in 1944. NEWS REVIEW Big 4 Parley Is Failure; Wheat Pact Is Delayed School Boys Learn Constitution On a 140-acre fruit farm a couple of miles from Olcott Beach where I used to go swimming and the name of which was taken by one of the sweet singers of the last genera tion (some of you remember Chaun- cey Olcott of “My Wild Irish Rose”) —anyhow on that farm a young boy strained with the pruning knife; stretched to pluck the fuzzy, Niagara county peaches. That was scarcely a decade ago. On a bright March day, this same fellow—now 17—came into my of fice. Sinct he was a graduate of a Buffalo s hool, we had something in commen despite the gulf of the years. We had something else in common, too. I also had once won a prize in oratory. Mine had to do with a gentleman named Spartacus when I was a Masten Park high school entrant. His was a far more timely topic— the Constitution of the United States. His name is Edward Smith and he’s a graduate of St. Joseph’s on Main street in Buffalo. Smith is one of the four national winners of the American Legion’s oratorical contest held each year to stimulate American high school boys to study and understand the Constitution. Never was such an un derstanding needed more. Winning was no cinch. Two hun dred thousand boys from every state entered this year. Smith (there weren’t too many “Smiths” in this contest, he told me) had to face nine different critical audiences— one in his school; one in the city of Buffalo; one in Erie county; one in the district; one in the zone; one in the state; one in the region; one in the section, and then the final heat —the national contest at Charles ton, W. Va. Smith’s theme was that Americans must not be too complacent about the dangers of Communism; that our Constitution in itself is not pro tection for our form of government —that its duties and privileges must constantly be exercised by every cit izen. He told me, incidentally, that Communism in relation to the Con stitution was quite a popular sub ject among this year’s contest en trants. Edward Smith of Buffalo, a win ner in the American Legion ora torical contest based on the Con stitution, is being quizzed by Baukhage, also an ex-Buffalo schoolboy, on the Bill of Rights. MOSCOW MEETING: Little Accomplished After seven weeks of wrangling, the foreign ministers’ conference at Moscow ended in a state banquet. Results of the parley were ex tremely disappointing, even to those whose expectations had been small. It had been hoped that a treaty for Austria would be worked out, but even preliminary agree ments could not be reached. The more important matter of the Ger man treaty suffered the same fate, as expected. Secretary of State Marshall blunt ly blamed the Russians for ob structing the negotiations. He charged that the Soviet delegation had “widened rather than narrowed our differences." Principal points of controversy were the definition of German and Austrian assets which the Russians want as reparations and the disar mament and demilitarization plan, known as the “four nation treaty.” Almost the only proposition ac cepted was one, introduced by Rus sian Foreign Minister Molotov, that all German prisoners of war in Allied hands be returned to Ger many by December 31, 1948. Failure to complete the Austrian treaty means that occupation troops of the four powers will remain in Austria for several more months. WAR GRAFT: Garsson Case Again A new move in the drawn-out war contracts graft case of Representa tive May and the Garsson brothers will be May’s testi mony in his own defense. His law yer, Sawyer Smith, told the court that it is untrue that the 71 - year - old Ken- t u c k y politician profited from deals between the Gars son munitions plants and Cum berland Lumber company. "Andrew J. May will take the stand and ex plain to you how every dollar of that money was spent, and how not one cent went to Andrew J. May,” the lawyer asserted. On trial with May are Henry and Murray Garsson, head of the war materials s y n d i- cate, and Joseph Freeman, the Gars son agent in Wash ington. The govern- m e n t prosecutor contends that May received $5,000 out- right from the Garssons and two checks for $1,000 each for “interven ing with war de- partment offi cials” in behalf of the companies. H. Garsson Garsson New evidence turned up by the FBI, according to the prosecutor, is the typewriter used in preparing the false invoices of the lumber com pany, through which it is alleged May received the bribes. WHEAT AGREEMENT: British Won’t Sign There will be no world-wide agreement of wheat - producing countries on prices and marketing procedures in the near future. This seems certain as the International Wheat conference in London has broken up on British refusal to sign the proposed plan. Negotiations have been in progress for many weeks in an attempt to formulate a five-year price and marketing schedule. Sir Herbert Broadley, British del egate, explained his reason for re jecting the draft was that the price scheme in it would not enable the price of wheat to fall quickly enough to a reasonable level. “The United Kingdom cannot afford to pay excessive prices for its im ports,” he said. “The world must face much lower prices for wheat than those ruling at present, but we want to see those prices achieved in a manner which protects the pro ducer against hardship and enables necessary switches to be made without disaster.” Delegates from Canada, Australia and India followed the British lead. Leslie Wheeler, U. S. delegate, urged immediate acceptance of the draft. Brazil’s delegate seconded him. This move was rejected. Wheeler then asked that the pro posal be sent to the international wheat council, which will be held in Washington, and that countries not now adhering be invited to join. The conference accepted this request. NO RENT BOOST: House Kills 10% Plan The house banking committee, re versing its 'previous stand, voted down a proposal for a 10 per cent blanket increase in rents. It ap proved and sent on for action a bill continuing controls until December 31. The senate banking committee already has voted unanimously against any raise, and the senate’s bill would continue control until March 1, 1948. The vote in the house committee was 14 to 10. As outlined by Rep resentative Wolcott, chairman, the house bill provides: Continuance of rent control just about as it is now until December 31, with the President having author ity by proclamation to keep ceilings in effect until next March 1 if he deems it necessary. A new provision whereby tenants and landlords may voluntarily enter lease contracts for up to 15 per cent increases in rent, provided these leases do not expire before Decem ber 31, 1948. WARNS OF SURPLUSES Strong Farm Program Urged \X7 A OUT AT/''' r P/'~fNT T7’ 3 „ J , . A WASHINGTON. — Expanded con sumption and adjusted production are the major points of a strong farm program recommended by Edward A. O’Neal, president of American Farm Bureau federation, in testifying before the house agri culture committee. “It would be folly to assume that we will not have burdensome sur pluses of farm produce again that may wreck farm prices,” O’Neal warned. In endorsing reciprocal trade principles, the farm leader declared that “agriculture more than ever needs an expanded volume of for eign trade to absorb its output.” Although describing the farm leg islation since the early '30s as “the greatest cooperative endeavor be tween farmers and the govern ment,” O’Neal criticized “a tend ency to develop centralized control of these programs from Washing ton.” Instead, he urged transfer of larger authority to state extension services as a means of effecting savings in costs and providing greater service to the masses of farmers. O’Neal informed the house com mittee, which is considering a long- range farm policy, that his organi zation has not come to final conclu sions on the subject, but he read this statement: “We recognize the desirability of full agricultural production, but agriculture cannot maintain full production if industry is going to maintain rigidly high prices by cut ting down production and applying monopolistic controls, or if labor is going to insist upon maintaining rigidly high wage rates and to con tinue such increases in wages with out regard to productivity, and to enforce such rates with scarcity policies which discourage consump tion and throw people out of work and onto relief rolls. “It is this approach which leads to economic chaos. "Farmers believe in an economy of abundance and stand ready to join with industry and labor to achieve maximum production and maximum employment through price policies and wage policies which are geared to a maximum level of consumption.” 1 Released by Western Newspaper Union. INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIES RAISE LIVING STANDARDS During wartime the government turned to the laboratories main tained by industry for those secret weapons that played so large a part in our defeat of Germany and Japan. For that period 'of national emergen cy only war’s needs were consid ered by these laboratories. From them Cetane every effective device other than the atom bomb. The de velopment of that called for a great er expenditure, and a higher degree of scientific knowledge, than could be supplied by industrial research or ganizations. In peacetime it is the indus trial laboratories that provide the advancement, the ever- increasing standard of living, we enjoy. They have taken mnch of the hai^ labor and the long hourb out of farming. They have found new uses for farm prod ucts, which means a better level of prices for those products. By the invention of the internal combustion engine they have put all America on wheels, and cre ated millions of jobs. They put refrigeration, automatic washing machines, hundreds of electrical appliances Into our homes. From these laboratories came the per fection of radio and television, and countless other gadgets that have made life easier and more comfortable. During the last session, and again at this session, of congress, the law makers have considered establish ment of scientific laboratories to be operated by the government for the purpose of accomplishing those things that have been done by in dustry. It would add another large and expensive bureau to an already unwieldy government machine, and put thousands, many thousands, of additional bureaucrats on govern ment payrolls, without accomplish ing more, or as muph, as now is accomplished by private industry. THINGS PEOPLE WILL BUY The purpose of the privately- owned industrial laboratory is to produce those things that can be sold to the people. The urge back of their efforts is profit. Govern ment operated laboratories would produce not profits but votes. They would be but another cog in the wheel of partisan control, which, carried to a conclusion, means to talitarianism. What we need, if anything, is less discouragement on the part of government for the research carried on by privately-owned laboratories. The action of the department of justice in the case of the Aluminum Company of America provides an example. That company operates a large research laboratory, the ex pense of which is charged as an operating cost. The government brought suit against the com pany to materially limit that re search. The case dragged out for a period of some three years, at a cost of many thousands of dollars to both the government and the company. In the end the company won. We, the tax payers, paid for prosecution of that case. We, the consum ers, paid, of necessity, the cost of the defense, included in the price of every aluminum stew pan. Under our* competitive economic system the best interests of the American people will be better served by the research of private industry, backed by a profit urge, than by any vote-purchasing bureau to benefit whatever party may be in power. Private industry has done a remarkable job. Competition takes care of the public interest. * • • LAST LINE AGAINST REDS IF AMERICAN ideologies, our governmental and economic sys tems, our constitutional liberties are to be saved, it will be because of the sane, hard-headed sense of the American rural people. They repre sent the last line of entrenchment to block the advance of Russian totalitarianism. These rural people take seriously the values America offers. They are not so engrossed, as are the people of the cities, in having fun” that they have no time to think of the future of their coun try. The leaders of our rural people are the editors of their home-town papers. Those editors are known to, and respected by, the men, women and children of the town and farm homes of their communities. They are fighting the dragon of totalitari anism without any assistance from any urban source, and their lead is being followed by the people they serve. • • * I HAVE an old-time associate liv ing at Fort Lauderdale, Fla. I live in California. Now and then each of us finds a trip to New York is essential. I object to having to pay the railroads and Pullman some three times as much for transport ing me the 3,000 miles to my desti nation, as they charge my friend for his transportation of approxi mately 1,000 miles. I admit there is neither rhyme or reason to my objection, but it is a free country, and no one can prohibit my object ing, though it amounts to nothing. DWARFING A GIANT . . . Despite its 308-foot drop (almost double that of Niagara) the Lower Falls in Yellowstone National park appear small in comparison with the surroundings in Yellowstone canyon. ‘SEE AMERICA FIRST’ First In a Series National Parks National Parks Are Major Lure to Vacation Throngs WNU Features. Vacation-hungry Americans are on the move. Tourist trails once again are jammed as the American public, with its vacation lanes unshackled of wartime restrictions, attempts to cram a full quota of fun and frolic, rest and relaxation, adventure and sightseeing into the short vacation span of a few weeks. The upsurge in vacation travel is noted in all forms of land, sea and air transportation. Trains and buses are crowded; air lines are booked with reservations; <$>- passenger vessels and even tramp steamers are unable to accommo date all those bent on sea-faring jaunts. With transportation, food and ho tel accommodations in Europe still insecure in the war’s aftermath, most Americans still are content, as they wei;e last year, to heed the old slogan of “See America First.” The nation’s principal attraction for vacationists is the national park system, em bracing 169 separate areas in all parts of the United States. Last year the park system attracted a record-shattering 21,600,000 visitors, half a million more than in any pre vious year. On the basis of attendance so far, Newton B. Drury, director of the Na tional Park service, which adminis ters the system, predicts that 1947 will set another new record. “What’s more,” says the park chief, “we hope to be able to take better care of our visitors than we did last year, when our park staffs had nowhere near recovered from the reductions of wartime." Concessioners who operate the ho tels, lodges, stores and transporta tion system in the parks also were shorthanded last year, Drury points out, but he adds that “they prob-. ably will be in better shape this year.” • * * AS HAS BEEN the case for many years, one of the most popular travel objectives of the American vaca tioner will be Yellowstone National park in Wyoming, Montana and Ida ho. Yellowstone is the oldest park in the entire system; it is, in fact, the oldest national park in the world, having celebrated the 75th anniver sary of its founding on March 1 of this year. Containing approximately 2,213,000 acres, it is noted for its geysers and hot springs, of which it has more than 'any other area in the world. Old Faithful, spouting its steaming waters high into the air at intervals of about an hour, day and night, summer and winter, has become a virtual symbol of Yellowstone. Yet Yellowstone would be a great national park if there weren’t a gey ser or hot spring. While the two great falls of the Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow stone with its vividly colored walls combine to form its most spectacu lar scenic feature, the park abounds in natural beauty. Yellowstone lake, with its hundred miles of shoreline and its eastern border of lofty peaks; scores of towering wa terfalls; Obsidian cliff, of black glass; high and sweeping upland val leys and vast expanses of little- known wilderness — these merely suggest the variety of the scenery is possesses. No other national park is as wide ly known for its wildlife. Yellowstone played an important part in resto ration of the American bison, after it had come close to extinction, and there are hundreds of them in the park today. In quiet streams and marshes, the traveler is likely at any time to come across moose. Elk, antelope, bighorn sheep, grizzly bear, although not always seen by the traveler, are there and in num bers. Most familiar, perhaps, is the black bear, and this animal pro vides one of the most vexations problems that confronts the Na tional Park service. For, de spite warnings that they are wild animals and dangerous, visitors insist on feeding the bears. Accommodations for visitors in Yellowstone range all the way from luxurious hotels down through inex pensive housekeeping cabins to the campgrounds which are scattered throughout the park. Hotel and lodge centers are situated at Mam moth Hot Springs, location of park headquarters; at Old Faithful, Can yon and Lake, while cabins are avail able at Camp Roosevelt, near Tow er Junction. There are highway en trances to the park from north, northeast, east, south and west. Be cause tile demand for accommoda tions is certain to be heavy this year, those who plan visits to the park are advised to obtain reservations as far in advance as possible. • • * IN MARKED CONTRAST with the oldest of the national panks is the newest, Big Bend in West Texas, located in a big bend of Rio Grande river. The State of Texas made a present of this 700,000-acre park to the people of the United States in 1944—so short a time ago that there has been little opportunity to provide it with the developments found in most of the older parks. While much of the park is semi- desert, where the desert vegetation is staging a steady recovery of its nat ural condition after many years of heavy grazing, its heart is the for ested mass of the Chisos mountains, rising to elevations of more than 7,000 feet. Along the Rio Grande are three sheer - walled canyons, Mariscal, Boquillas and the Grand Canyon of Santa Helena, the deepest and most imposing of the three. An improved road southward to the park from the town of Marathon is now under construction, and ulti mately it will be reached by a first- class road. Accommodations in the park, for 40 to 60 persons, are simple but good; and many visitors find a visit to the area an interesting ex perience, in spite of, or perhaps be cause of, the lack of development. li STUDY IN CONTRASTS ... Big Bend National park offers a com bination of rugged mountainous terrain and semi-desert vegeta tion, as indicated by this view through the “window” in Chisos mountains. Hyde Park Visitors Cause Damage WASHINGTON. — Half a million visitors have worn such a path through Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Hyde Park, N. Y., home, now a national historic site, that a bit of bracing and carpeting has become necessary, the National Park serv ice reports. Furthermore, according to the park service, there has been “some wear and tear" on the grounds and lawns have been ruined. The stairway to the second floor has been braced and a heavy serv ice carpet laid over the worn floor ing at the entrance. The home, grave and 33 acres of grounds were opened to the pub lic April 12, 1946, on the first anni versary of the late president’s death. Only about 2,500 persons can en ter the house itself on any one day and no more than 75 are admitted at one time for safety reasons. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT BUILDING MATERIALS CONCRETE BLOCK MACHINES 200 t® 240 blocks hour, others hand or power.45 to 100 hour, brick machines, batch mixers any size, motors and gas engines. MADI- ■ON EQUIPMENT CO., Madison. Tena. FOR SALE 1—Pxl6 metal building, 4 Wayne non-com puting gasoline pumps, and 4 5,000 gal. tanks. Total price $1,500 f.o.b. Camp Blanding, Fla. Also, all used building ma terials. J. J. PIERSON. Starke, Fla. CLOTHING, FURS, ETC. DIAPERS—27"x27*' BIRDSEYE Limit two dozen to customer. $3.02 per dozen, postage prepaid including insur ance. In North Carolina add 9c per dozen State Sales Tax. Send check or money order to KIDDIE KLOTHES LINE. Inc. 218 W. Morehead St. Charlotte. N. C. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CIRCULATOR PUMP AVAILABLE for immediate delivery. GE equipped. Guaranteed. IV." $65.00. 1V4” $68.00. 2* $70.00. L A L DISTR. CO.. 1«4 W. Rock land St., Philadelphia 20. Pa. DA 4-«688. HELP WANTED—MEN PRINTER Stoneman for cylinder and job bers. Modern Florida plant specializing in fine color and book Work. Permanent situ ation, good salary and working condi tions. Write, wire or call collect. ROSE PRINTING CO., Tallahasaee, Fla® HELP WANTED—MEN, WOMEN NYLONS—FIRST QUALITY Box (3 pair) 51-30 $3.75, 45-30 $3.00. Agents wanted. NYLTEX, 1123 Bdway, N.Y.C, HOME FURNISHINGS & APPLL FOR SALE Apartment size electric kitchen ranges. Window sash, 9"xl2" 12 light, 6/6 check rail, with full bronze screens to match. 2 panel inside 1%" doors, made from kiln dried stock, 6'8" high x all widths. Bronze covered screen doors 2'10" and 2'8"x6'8'. Address Box 3201, Station F, Atlanta, Ga., giving name, address and phone, or call Hemlock 6115 INSTRUCTION RED HOT MAIL SELLING IDEAS Book. “HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN MAIL ORDER BUSINESS,” 25c pp. BOX 63, Station H. Buffalo 14, N. Y. LEARN TO BARBER AT HOME on your neighbor. Tools, instructions $15. CAS SUPPLIES #4333 Fondren Sta. - Jaekson. Miss. MISCELLANEOUS BULLDOZER—One H. D. 10 AUis-Chal- mers, cable operative. Good condition. Contact OTTIS BROWN’S TRACTOR * IMPLEMENT CO., Live Oak, Fla. 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