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— New Method Used to Map Ocean Floor ■ Record Soundings Made In Atlantic Near Puerto Rico. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.—WNU Service. The recent discovery of a new and greater depth in the Atlan tic ocean, establishing a new record of nearly five and a half miles (28,680 feet), north of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, has called attention to efforts now being made to make complete contour maps of portions of the bottom of the ocean. The new depression has been named the Milwaukee Deep, from the United States cruiser from which the record sounding was made. “The oceans have been carefully charted near cer tain land masses for naviga tion purposes for centuries, but it has been only in the past 85 years that soundings have been made ex tensively in efforts to chart the floor of the oceans themselves. Cable- laying advanced the plan, but until No. 2. ACROSS AND UNDER THE SEA. All nations strive to de velop the best possible diving aids. Pictured above is an Italian diver testing a new type of diving suit to be used for rescue and salvage work. This particular piece of equipment was developed by an Italian engineer and official tests disclosed many valuable features. recently recordings of depths of more thah 6,000 feet numbered but one to every 23,000 square miles. Ocean Echoes Depth. More progress has been made in recent years through new measur ing methods. For years measure ments had been made by the slow procedure of dropping a plummet suspended by a piano wire. To make even one sounding in 12,000 feet of water, required stopping the ship for an hour. Today, delicate instruments measure the time it takes the echo of a sound at the sea’s surface vo return from the bottom, thus measuring the distance by the speed of sound. This can now be done while a ship is moving rapidly and many commercial ves sels, equipped with the sonic meas uring devices are speeding the work. Sound travels almost five times as fast in water as in the air, so that the speed under water is close to a mile a second, thus indicating the delicate accuracy with which the time of the returning echo must be recorded. The problem is com plicated by the fact that the speed of sound in water varies with the amount of salt in the water, its tem perature and vafying pressure. Air pressure at sea level is about 15 pounds to the square inch; 100 No. 4. WHEN THERE IS LIFE TO BE SAVED. In the recent Squalus submarine disaster a div ing bell similar to the one shown here was used. By means of this kind of equipment the navy was able to rescue 33 men from a depth of 240 feet. This was the first ac tual life-and-death test of this par ticular diving bell and it was found to be very satisfactory in such man ner of rescue work. No. 1. A NEW SAGA OF THE SEA. Since the first time men have ventured toward the oceans floor they have been using equipment similar to the standard diving suit pictured here. Although numerous safety devices have been advanced since these beginnings this type is still almost universally used. feet below sea level salt water pressure is 60 pounds to the square inch. At 5,000 feet deep, the pres sure is 13,500 pounds to the square inch. Great Changes See... The comparative shallowness of the sea in many places has been vividly suggested in the great changes that would be made in the boundaries of countries and conti nents were the surface of the ocean to sink only 600 feet, a little more than the height of the Washington monument. Ireland would then be joined to England, except for the North channel. England in turn would become part of the main land of Europe, the water of the English channel having run out. A strip 1,500 miles wide would con nect North America with Asia. New Guinea would become part of Aus tralia. The broadest ocean surfaces are in the Southern hemisphere, but north of the Equator occur the greatest submarine upheavals, de forming the bottoms of the Carib bean sea, and the Atlantic and Pa cific oceans, in a broad expanse from the latitude of the Panama canal to that of Philadelphia. In these regions, especially in the Pa cific, vast plains and plateaus, tall peaks and deep canyons form an other world. In the shallower por tions ocean currents are the breezes that sway submarine trees, and fish are the variegated birds flitting among the branches, while varied coral formations look like flower ing shrubs. Atlantic Floor Uneven. Down the middle of the Atlantic, extending 8,000 miles south from Iceland, runs a mountainous ridge almost 10,000 feet above the adjoin ing basins. Soundings already re corded indicate that three-fourths of No. 3. FORTUNE LURKS ON OCEAN FLOOR. Not only do na tions seek to develop diving equip ment to aid in rescue work but for tune hunters dream of riches on the ocean floor and they too ad vance the science of diving. The Romano diving bell shown here is built to enable a diver to work a mile below the surface. This is a depth where the ordinary diver could not venture because of the terrific pressure. the Atlantic is at least 6,500 feet deep, and over half is 13,000 feet deep. The Pacific has more great depths than any other ocean, according to the records of the Hydrographic of fice of the navy department, which show eight in excess of 30,000 feet. The deepest hole in the Pacific is 35,400 feet, just northeast of Min danao of the Philippine islands. This is the greatest recorded ocean depth in the world. The record in the South Pacific ocean is 30,930 feet; North Atlantic, the new Mil waukee deep, 28,680 feet; Southern Atlantic, 26,575 feet; Indian ocean, 22,968 feet. A sounding of 17,850 feet is recorded in the Arctic ocean, and one of 14,274 feet near the Ant arctic continent (in the South Pa cific). Scientists admit there is still much work to be done but look forward to the time when deep soundings will be sufficient to chart all the mountains and the valleys on the ocean floors—the “epeirogeny” as oceanographers call it. Some vi sionaries of the Jules Verne type look forward to the time when great window-walled submarines with powerful searchlights will carry photographers and tourists on ex tended trips into the depths^ THE SUN. NEWBERRY. S. C- FRIDAY. JULY 28, 1939 T—‘*— 1 1 " "L*"” _ ■ -- -■ ■■ Mother’s ‘Breath-of Life’ Saves Unconscious Infant Quick thinking saved a tiny life recently when nine-month old Gary Bucholz was found unconscious in his bathtub by his mother, Mrs. Marie Bucholz, 20, of Chicago. The horror-stricken mother hurriedly picked up the baby and breathed into its mouth, as shown at the left. Recovery rewarded her quick action, and po licemen, firemen and a doctor arriving at the home were confronted with this happy ending. Ormsby Family Pays Tribute to Connie Mack Earl Mack, coach of the Philadelphia Athletics an^ son of Connie Mack, venerable manager of that club who is recuperating from an illness, receives a plaque 1 in tribute to the “grand old man” of baseball from the 12 children of Umpire Emmett T. (Red) Ormsby before a game in Shibe park. Mrs. Ormsby, left, superin tended the presentation ceremonies. Epidermic Art Gallery U. S. Explorers Seek Headhunters “The Great Omi,” tattooed man who claims to be a former English army major, has brought his epi dermic art gallery to the United States, where he plans on exhibiting it. “Omi,” a New York visitor, is tattooed from head to foot. Mr. and Mrs. Carveth Wells, famed as explorers and authors, as they left by steamer for the Orient, heading an expedition to Formosa to take movies of head hunters for a U. S. geographic society. Accompanying them (center) is Lawrence Mills, Princeton ornithology student. BIRTH RATE DROP HURTS MILK PRICE Need Seen for Increased Use by Adults. By LELAND SPENCER The decline in the number of young children is one reason for the reduced use of milk the past few years, according to the New York state college of agriculture. The declining birth rate calls for special efforts by the milk industry to push the general use of milk as a drink by adults, and especially to break down the tendency of ado lescents to switch from milk to oth er drinks. Efforts should also be continued to find ways to get fluid milk at less cost to families of low incomes. This is the surest way to ward off the substitution of other forms of milk for fresh milk. As for dealers’ “spreads” on re tail milk in nine important mar kets of the United States, the spreads were reduced during the de pression, but are now larger than ever. The inability of milk dealers to reduce their spread on retail milk is the main reason for the less friendly public attitude toward them the past few years. Those acquaint ed with the situation, however, know that the chief obstacle to reducing the spread is high wages and the difficulty of using less labor, espe cially for retail delivery. As to the outlook for the milk in dustry during the next two years, the Cornell milk marketing special ists say much depends on the trend of commodity prices. Green Vegetables Needed For Well-Balanced Diet Even before the searchlight of food research was turned on leafy, green vegetables their value in hu man nutrition was pretty generally appreciated. Ttilty they have an important place on the list of “pro tective foods”—a way nutritionists have of designating foods with a very high dietetic rating. Leafy, green vegetables merit a place on this list chiefly because they are rich in both iron and vita min A. Many of them are also very rich sources of calcium. These three nutrients, according to a re cent nation-wide survey, are food essentials in which American diets are often low. Green leaves fire also excellent sources of vitamin G. Thrown in for good measure are considerable amounts of vitamin C and Vitamin Bl. Leafy vegetables, in addition, contribute bulk or roughage, some of which is usually desirable in the diets of persons in normal health. Aerial Photos Offer Accurate Farm Record With the advent of the Agricul tural Adjustment act, and the need for accurate field .measurement to check compliance with the soil con servation program, aerial photog raphy came into its own as a cheap, quick, indisputable method of land mapping. Accurate field measurement is im portant under the AAA because conservation payments are mqde at a specified rate per acre of land planted. Prior to the use of air photography, a number of methods, ranging from the old measuring wheel to surveying, were used. Cost of checking performance from the air is about one-third less than the earlier methods of land measurement. Air photography costs about four cents per acre as compared with six cents per acre under older measuring methods. The cost is included as part of the administrative expense deducted from payments to farmers. Mexican Highway Builder President Lazero Cardenas of Mexico, speaking recently at Tia Juana, Baja Calif., announced ap proval of a 2,000,(y'0 peso bond issue for construction of a 131 mile high way from Mexicali, on the United States-Mexico border, to San Felipe, a Gulf of California fishing village. An irrigation system in the Mexicali valley will cost an additional 12,- 000,000 pesos. Locomotive ‘Celebrates’ 35th Birthday “Ripper,” a hard-working locomotive, celebrated its thirty-fifth birth' day recently in Hoboken, N. J. Here Thomas T. Taber of Madison, N. J., president of the Railroaders of America, an organization of railroad fans, empties a birthday “cake” into Ripper’s firebox. The “cake” is a hatbox full of nut coal. At the right is Bruce Nett, Madison, N. J., youngest member of the club. Farm Facts Mushrooms have been cultivated commercially in the United States for less than a half century. • • • The importance of live stock in Ohio agriculture is shown by the figures for farm income in. 1938. Sales of all farm crops brought $63,881,000 but the sales of live stock and live stock products totaled $218,685,000. • • • Success of artificial insemination in breeding of dairy cattle, tried for the past three months in six south ern-tier counties, has led officials of New York state college ot agricul ture to sanction the method for use by dairymen throughout the state. • • • Farmers now pay approximately $1,500,000,000 annually for power and power machinery but before the World war they sold power in the form of work animals for several hundred million dollars annually. • • • One cord of barnyard manure or other well-rotted organic material per 5,000 square feet of garden is recommended as the first fertilizer to apply to the garden. This may be supplemented with superphos phate or with a balance fertilizer as needed. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT FEED AND SEEDS CHEAP FEED r°" ^ Send 26c In coin for 4 os. sample. PROS© grows almost anywhere. Won derful feed. ATLAS SOD CO., ST. POULTRY BRED FOR PRODUCTION: RAISED FOR PROFIT: SOLD BY QUALITY: Dnck. Chicks Turkeys Gay and Interesting Designs for Cushions By RUTH WYETH SPEARS ««rVEAR MRS SPEARS: I like make interesting cushions —in summer bright cotton cov ered ones and silk covers in the winter. The cost is nothing as I find that after the waists of dresses are worn out, there are ■till parts of the skirts that s good enough to give long we when made into these jr g Thanks, Mrs. J. E., fov that gestion, and here are two c that you might like to try To make the contrasting edge for tba /B D, round one, stitdh two-inch strips together in points as at A, trim as at B clipping between the points then turn right side out. Pull out smoothly and press, then gather as at C. Stitch to one section of the cover as at D, then stitch the two sections together leaving an opening for the cushion. To make a pattern for a mod ernistic patchwork cover, cut a rectangle of paper, then divide it into sections as shown. Use these sections as patterns to cut the fabric adding a seam’allowance as at F. NOTICE: Two books for the price of one. Readers who have not secured their copies of my two books, SEWING, for the Home Decorator; and Gifts, Novelties and Embroideries; should send in their orders at once, before the supply is entirely disposed of.. You may also have your choice of the Patchwork Quilt Leaflet or the Rag Rug Leaflet FREE with or ders for two books; enclose 25 cents with name and address; di recting your order to Mrs. Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, I1L How Women in Their 40’s Can Attract Men Here's good advice for a woman during her change (usually from 88 to 52), who fears she'll lose her appeal to men, who worries about hot flashes, loss of pep, diszy spells* upset nerves and moody spells. Get more fresh air, 8 nrs. sleep and if you need a good general system tonic take Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, made •specially for women. It helps Nature build up physical resistance, thus helps give more vivacity to enjoy life and assist calming jittery nerves and disturbing symptoms that often accompany change of life. WELL WORTH TRYUSTGI Our Intellect God has placed no limits to the exercise of the intellect He has given us, on this side of the grave. —Bacon. MEDICATED PROTECTION AGAINST CHAFf IRRITATIONS Relieves bi{ soothing-cools pricklii heatnshes MEXICANhImPOWDER Leave to Work Get leave to work in this world, ’tis the best you can get at all.— E. B. Browning. A wonderful aid for boils where s drawing agent is indicated. Soothing and comforting. Fine for children and grown-ups. Practical. Economical. Companions They are never alone that are accompanied with noble thoughts. Malaria* Chills* Fever TaU raKaUs Oxidina. Stops cMb asd favar, ciaans blood of malaria. Famous for SO yaars. Monay-back 9uarairfaa. WNU—7 30—39 Good Merchandise Can Be CONSISTENTLY Advertised • BUY ADVERTISED GOODS •