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THE SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C, FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1939 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS BY JOSEPH JF. LaBINE U. S. Speeds Defense Measures: Army Seeks Younger Personnel, New Highway Network Planned (EDITOR’S NOTE—When opinions sre expressed in these columns, they are those of the news analyst and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Copyright. 1839. DEFENSE Chin Up and Out Best indication of U. S. reaction to Adolf Hitler’s Reichstag speech has been Washington’s rush to strength en both military and economic de fense, theoretically against any ag gressor but obviously against the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo entente. Sample moves: Economic. Nevada’s Sen. Key Pittman boldly offered a bill per mitting the President to block Amer ican shipments to Japan or any oth er violator of the nine-power treaty. Plainly designed to rush a decision on U. S. neutrality policy, the bill brought a quick answer that Japan would be “forced” to strengthen its bonds with Germany and Italy if congress passed the bill. Army. Secretary of War Harry Woodring offered a bill to hasten retirement of over-age and unfit offi cers, because “we are the only pow er which has not recognized the need t WAR’S WOODRING Youth to the fore. for younger men in command.” Next fall, it was announced, aging Gen. Malin Craig will be succeeded as chief of staff by 58-year-old Brig. Gen. George Catlett Marshall. Mean while a door closed behind the vast arms expansion program as orders were issued to keep secret the num ber of war planes ordered and de livered, and to discharge all aliens working in private plants which fill munitions orders. Navy. Engineering, ordnance and construction - repair departments may be merged in one of several navy department streamlining moves. Other naval developments: (1) Maritime Commission Chairman Emory S. Land asked more power to requisition or purchase ships for na tional defense; (2) about $9,000,000 was asked to recondition five over age battleships; (3) agitation began for a $5,000,000 naval air research station at March field, Calif. Transportation. President Roose velt recommended 26,700 miles of new national highways to care for growing peacetime traffic and meet defense requirements. The plan’s essence: Five east-west and seven north-south arterials would be built, free from the tolls proposed under an earlier super-highway plan. EUROPE Boomerang Viewed in retrospect, the biggest results of Adolf Hitler’s infamous Reichstag speech took place before that speech was ever made. In that frantic week of anticipation when war seemed more imminent than any time in 20 years, jittery nations found courage to choose sides, com mit themselves and forget tradition al animosities. Sample: Democratic HEADLINERS MARQUESS OF LOTHIAN # Bom 57 years ago as plain Philip Henry Kerr, Lord Lothian takes Britain’s No. 1 diplomatic job next summer when he be comes ambassa dor to the U. S. A charter mem ber of Lady As ter’s allegedly pro-Nazi “Clive den set,” he be gan advocating appeasement in 1934 by urging “elementary jus tice^’ for Hitler via negotiation. As wartime sec retary to ex-Premier David Lloyd George, the marquess became a British “Colonel House” and has remained in close advisory posi tions under subsequent McDon ald and Chamberlain regimes. He advocated “treaty politics” as against “power politics.” Ameri cans will find him an advocate of Britain’s resuming token war debt payments. Bachelor, twice an earl, once a viscount and four times a baron, he gained his ti tles in 1930 by inheritance from a distant cousin. Britain and Communistic Russia discovered both their geese might be cooked unless they got together. If Der Fuehrer’s conciliatory re fusal of President Roosevelt’s peace plea broke the European tension, its stern reassertion of German deter mination did not allow lesser nations to forget that tension. Russia, Brit ain and France hastened their triple entente as the foundation for a con tinent-wide network of lesser pacts. The Soviet wooed Poland, Rumania and Turkey. Britain also wooed Tur key, hoping to cement Bulgaria, Ru mania and Greece in a Balkan en tente. In the Baltics, Poland re asserted its determination to stave off German demands on Danzig and pressed mutual defense negotiations with Finland, Esthonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Members of the new tri ple entente would agree to protect Europe’s four neutral states, Bel gium, Switzerland, Holland and Den mark. The biggest certainty in European diplomacy appears to be French- British military aid against Germa ny if the Reich presses its demands against Poland. The second biggest certainty is that Russia will also aid Poland, the latter nation being another that was jarred by Hitler’s speech into such fright that animos ity toward the Soviet is forgotten. Thus the Reichstag speech has served as a boomerang, hastening the “encirclement” which Herr Hit ler fears and hates. History may therefore mark April 28 as the day Germany carried a good thing too far, and the day anti-Nazi Europe began barking back. RELIEF Election Coming Up For three months an economy- minded congress has sought means of returning relief to the states, ! thereby destroying WPA, slashing federal appropriations and making the U. S. only a money allocator and general overseer. Until late April President Roosevelt had commented on the new program no more than to endorse a ban on politics-in-relief. Then, however, he asked congress for a $1,723,000,000 appropriation to meet relief needs during the 1939-40 1938 f $2,258,943,000 V • 1937 1 $1,536,584,250 ] 1936 f$1,880,693,074 ] 1935 ',396,939,691 1 RELIEF SINCE 1935 Chart shows appropriations since 193» compared with the new request (at top). Pending appropriation represents only original budget request, while figures for previous three years represent original request plus monies voted later to meet emergencies. fiscal year, of which $1,477,000,000 would go for WPA. Tacitly, there fore, he spanked reform measures proposed by South Carolina’s Sen. James J. Byrnes and Virginia’s Rep. Clifton Woodrum, making it plain that he wants WPA kept intact and moreover is opposed to Republican plans for decentralizing relief. High points in the message: (1) continued high volume unemploy ment is due largely to a 500,000 an nual influx of new workers; (2) relief needs will remain high until the U. S., like the rest of the world, has undergone “a process of readjust ment, particularly in connection with production and distribution of goods;” (3) retainance of present formula on federal-state division of WPA costs (20-25 per cent by the states) is essential; (4) the new gov ernment reorganization plan will re sult in WPA economizing, whereas return of relief to the states would result in “inefficiency and confusion through lack of co-ordination and uniformity.” Though $1,477,000,000 for 1939-40 WPA relief is far from a high-water mark (see chart), congressional his- torials recall that for the past three years deficiency appropriations have been needed to fill WPA’s empty cof fers before year’s end. Carefully making no accusations, they never theless reflect that next year is elec tion year, when smart politicians will know better than to slash re lief rolls for economy’s sake. PEOPLE In the Army Now In 1915 handsome, 18-year-old An thony Eden joined the British army, became its youngest captain and won the military cross for gallantry. Today, at 41, he is regarded as Brit ain’s coming man of politics, a like ly successor to Prime Minister Ne ville Chamberlain. Deserting par- I liament for the moment, he has joined the London Rangers regiment for a “freshener” course, thus stim ulating British military interest. As signed to the rank of major, which he won in the war, Mr. Eden re fused command of a battalion. AVIATION: Success Story Eighteen years ago a drug-store clerk named Jack Frye began spending part of his $25-a-week sal ary learning to fly. Handy at the throttle, he soon became a transport pilot and naval reserve officer. Bui Jack Frye yearned to try the busi ness end of aviation. In 1930 he and Paul Richter, whom he had taught to fly, got their fingers in big-time aviation by merging Aero Corpora tion of California with fast-growing Transcontinental and Western air lines. By 1934 Jack Frye had be come TWA’s president, and by this spring his firm was flying 33 twin- motored ships over 6,236 route miles between New York and Los Angeles. Aided by Paul Richter and several unidentified associates, the one-time drug-store clerk bought an estimat ed 45,000 shares of TWA stock from New York’s Lehman Brothers and Chicago Financier John D. Hertz, finding himself major owner of one of the nation’s major airlines. Only parallel is the case of Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, World war ace who last year bought Eastern airlines. PHILIPPINES: Problem Child Less than a decade kas passed since the U. S. fought Philippine independence demands, but tables have a way of turning. Given con gressional assurance of early free dom, Philippine President Manuel Quezon hardly had time to exult be fore Japan turned imperialistic, swaggered into China end began grabbing off every piece of unpro tected real estate within Asiatic waters. Since Japs already hold a strong commercial position in Ma nila, moreover since even a double strength U. S. Pacific fleet might not be able to hold the islands against sudden attack, many Amer icans believe their nation should leave the Philippines before getting involved in war. Added impetus is given by U. S. agriculture’s re sentment over concessions to Fili pino sugar. Sensing that the U. S. was anxious to pull stakes, Manuel Quezon last year appealed to President Roose velt and won an administration- sponsored proposal calling for polit ical independence in 1946, the 25 per cent tariff being increased by 5 per cent a year until wholly ef fective in 1961. Since President Quezon will not be able to attend hearings this year, the bill is being tabled until next session. When he does arrive, Mr. Quezon will be of fered an even stronger deal which members of the Senate committee on territories and insular posses sions have already accepted unani mously, albeit secretly. The deal: If Filipinos will cut political ties with the U. S. in 1942, current 25 per cent tariff rates will continue until 1946 as under the administration bill. Then rates will jump 10 per cent annually until the U. S. washes its hands of the whole affair in 1953. Still officially unannounced, the substitute bill (suggested by Mary land’s Sen. Millard E. Tydings) has been hushed for fear Japan may sail into Manila immediately, con fident the U. S. Ocss not care to defend the harbor Admiral Dewey stormed so heroically in 1898. BOLIVIA: Democratic Dictator Forbears of Bolivia’s 35-year-old President German Busch came from the country which supplied his bap tismal name, but for two genera tions Busches have been loyal Bo livians. In 1935 German Busch emerged from the Gran Chaco war with Paraguay to find his country’s government in horrible shape. Fiiendly to labor and business, boasting strong Catholic support. BOLIVIA AND BUSCH His plan may work. Sfoungster Busch became provision al president in July, 1937, when Col. David Toro’s “socialistic” state was toppled. Last May he was constitu tionally re-elected, beginning a task from which lesser men might have turned away. Plagued by Naziism and Fascism, bankrupt and facing possible revolu tion if Bolivia’s three Chaco war parties (Liberal, Republican, Social ist Republican) won the May legis lative election. President Busch sur prised the world by announcing a new type political animal, dictator ship to prepare for “a real democ racy.” Observers give German Busch a good chance of succeeding. Having canceled the election, dissolved his congress and abolished constitution al guarantees on the plausible as sumption that restive Bolivia does not deserve democracy at this mo ment, Colonel Busch is the world’s first dictator to (1) invite “patriotic” criticism of his regime; (2) reject his cabinet’s resignation; (3) view Fascism and Naziism “with pain,” and (4) promise an election five to eight months hence to let Bolivia decide its own destiny. Behind-the-Scenes Workmen SmootlnPath for Sovereigns On American Trip This Month White House Solves Its Banquet Problem; French Canadian Barber Prepares To Tackle the Royal Whiskers. By WILLIAM MASTERSON John Q. Public just puts on his hat and goes traveling. But when Their Majesties King George and Queen Elizabeth set out for a month’s junket to North America, there’s enough behind scenes bustling to shame a dozen circuses. From London to Vancouver, from Toronto to Washington, unseen hands have been smoothing the bumps since last autumn, making certain that Britain’s sovereign couple will have clear sailing from their arrival at Quebec on 1 ® “ May 15 until their departure a month later from Halifax. From the king’s official bar ber to the chap who will seat guests at the White House banquet, this vast army of “stagehands” will work ahead and clean up behind as the royal entourage glides gracefully on its way from coast to coast, untroubled by the petty de tails that bother you and me when we go sight-seeing. To the Britishers, Canada will be not nearly so much a problem as the United States, where customs defy the traditional English stand ards, where photographers rush pell xnell to shoot every visiting notable, and where there’s apt to be a dearth of the ceremony customarily attend ant upon a visit of such esteemed guests. Scotland Yard Intervenes. This problem falls principally on two people. Chief Constable Albert Canning of Scotland Yard and George Summerlin, head of the state department’s protocol division, both now immersed in plans for the visit which starts when the royal train crosses the American border at Niagara Falls on June 7, and ends five days later when George and Elizabeth emerge once more into Canadian “civilization" at Montreal. L^te in April Mr. Canning ar rived at Washington and went into conference with the secret service concerning the 1,500-mile American itinerary of the royal train. His first act was to hush Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had planned to tell reporters about the royal suite prepared m the whitfe House with $16,000 WPA funds (no other appro priation was available). To provide maximum protection, the royal train will follow a pilot train carrying reporters from the border to Washington. At all public appearances, the most dangerous of which will be New York’s inevitable ticker tape shower, Mr. Canning’s men will keep guard to prevent trou- OGPV, GESTAPO, ETC.-Al- double line of marines down which the party will walk from the train shed to the waiting automobiles, for an army band to play “God Save the King,” and for a motorcycle escort to precede the party on its triumphant ride to the White House. The White House’s chief behind- scenes workers will be Mrs. Hen rietta Nesbitt, official housekeeper; Mrs. James Helm, who is Mrs. Roosevelt’s social secretary; A. B. BARBER—Paul Emile Tasse, who promises not to press a sham poo or hair tonic on his royal cus tomer, will travel in the official train. In recent weeks his chair in the basement shop in the Chateau Laurier at Ottawa has been usurped from regular clients by “rubber necks" eagerly stretched for the hands which will shave the royal face and cut the royal hair. Tolley, a member of the White House staff, and H. C. Spruks, cere monial officer of Mr. Summerlin’s department. Everyone Gets a Seat. Thanks to Mr. Lascelles’ carte blanche, the seating problem at the White House banquet has been solved. Under England’s system the President and Queen Elizabeth would sit at the head of the table, with the king and Mrs. Roosevelt buried among lesser lights at the foot. That’s no way to treat a king, so by substitute arrangement all four personages will sit facing each other across the center of a long table. Mrs. Helm will make up the guest list and send it to Mr. Spruks who will worry several days over who sits next to whom. According to custom, American officials run down the line with the President first, vice president second, followed by ambassadors, Supreme court jus tices, senators, representatives and whoever else is left. Mrs. Helm must decide, among other things, what ambassadors, justices and congress men get precedence in sitting clos est the President. Next the list will go to Mr. Tolley, HOUSEKEEPER—As the no. tion's “first housekeeper" Mrs. Henrietta Nesbitt must be pre pared to meet any emergency that may arise when King George and Queen Elizabeth arrive next month. Since the Roosevelts are a large as well as a generous and impulsive family, and since the White House is the center of the country*s hos pitality, Mrs. Nesbitt’s emergencies sometimes come quite frequently, calling for a meal serving either three or 100 guests. who perfects the seating arrange ment by cutting out a cardboard “dummy” complete with miniature place cards. So much for the ban quet. The food, linen and household problems surrounding a royal visit fall on Mrs. Nesbitt, who staunchly refuses to worry about the king and queen of England any more than she would about a yreek-end personal guest of Mrs. Roosevelt. Mrs. Nesbitt plans all her meals in advance on a large chart, leaving a block of space for each meal, desig nating the hour and number of guests. Since she custojnarily han dles several large banquets a year (there were 94 at the last diplomatiic clambake) the mere matter of visit ing royalty is nothing to get excited about. Only for Mrs. Nesbitt, Mr. Summerlin et al this is a busier- than-average social summer. The two world fairs are bringing enough European personages to keep the Roosevelt family busy dragging out their guest silver both at Washing ton and Hyde Park, and the protocol division must be just as active at the latter place as at Washington. The King Has a Barber. Perhaps the most colorful behind- scenes worker on the entire British schedule is one Monsieur Paul Emile Tasse who will be King George’s official barber from Que bec to Vancouver and back to Hali fax. As barber-in-chief for the Ca nadian National railways he has shaved everyone from Prince Chi- chibu (brother of the emperor of Japan) to Joe Doakes, private citi zen. Since the announcement that he would shave King George, M. Tasse has received fan mail, one letter addressed to the “K. B.,” which means king's barber even though you won’t find it in Burke’s Peerage. His shop on the royal train must accommodate all men on the official entourage. “There’ll be lots of them, so I’ll be busy all the time. The king, perhaps, may want to be shaved in his own room, and maybe I’ll do some of the others, like Mr. Mac kenzie King (Canadian prime min ister) the same way.” M. Tasse figures he’ll scrape the king’s chin while the train is stand ing still, because “if I cut the throat of a newspaper man there’s always two or three to take his place.” If the king wants conversation with his morning shave, M. Tasse will give it to him, but not uninvited. And there’s another nice feature about having your own barber—M. Tasse won’t try to sell his majesty a shampoo or hair tonic. C Western Newspaper Union. Edouard (Tough Guy’) Daladiei Sets New Fashion for Dictators bert Canning, chief constable of Scotland Yard, who carries an umbrella like a typical English man, will watch out for the sov ereigns’ safety during their five- day visit in the United States. His system is just the opposite from that of the American secret serv ice. British detectives will mingle with the crowd watching the king and queen. The secret service sticks with its President. ble. Unlike American secret serv ice agents, who cling to the Presi dent and watch the crowds for dan ger signals, Scotland Yard’s 20 agents will mingle in the crowd it self. Mr. Canning says he’s found that’s the most successful way. When in Rome . . . Mr. Summerlin’s jobs can be roughly lumped under the heading of etiquette, but they include meet ing the monarchs at the border and providing official entertainment un til the day they leave. Things like curtsying to the queen and seating arrangement at the White House banquet were sticklers until Alan Frederick Lascelles, the king’s sec retary, called one day and an nounced: “We will be guests of your country and you naturally set the customs to be followed.” Mr. Summerlin will see to it that Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Mrs. Hull meet the royal train at Ni agara Falls. He must arrange for a If Europe stays away from war it will probably be through the acts of a tough little Frenchman who strangely turned dictator, to fight dictatorships, a business-like former poetry teacher who stays silent as a sphynx and equally undramatic, de spite the modern political teachings which say dictators must have a flair for the sensational. Edouard Daladier is the more a success because he’s making a comeback, having been tossed from the French premiership five years ago as an aftermath of the notorious Stavisky pawn-shop scandal. Last year, given tempo rary dictatorial pow ers during the Mu nich crisis, he han dled them so imper sonally that the country obligingly returned the staff of ,power on March 19 when France seemed headed for an even- worse crisis. Daladier’s tough dictator recipe has turned France from a nation of daw dling wine drinkers into one purpose fully planning against war. A few weeks ago he suddenly announced the 40-hour work week would be ex panded to 60 hours, getting by with it to the surprise of political con federates who remembered ruefully the unhappy union troubles of last autumn. He told reliefers to help with the defense program or get off the government payroll. Mean while French munition factories have been sent full steam ahead un der a veil of secrecy that parallels the German or Italian system, cer tainly strange for a democracy. Daladier came from a peasant family in Provence, and was named to the chamber of deputies in 1919. In 1924 he joined the cabinet un der Edouard Herriot, who had been his old university professor. Tena ciously clinging to politics, he has since held cabinet posts for colo nies, labor, education, war, public works, justice and foreign affairs. France is thankful for a strong man just now when Italy is pressing her Mediterranean demands and Germany presents a threat along the Maginot line. Easy-going Pari sians shrink just a little when he starts banning political parties, clos ing newspapers, executing spies and mobilizing the nation. It isn’t dem ocratic. But they’re pretty sure that when the crisis passes, Edouard Da ladier will no longer want to be i dicta* Daladier Make These Frocks; Wear 'Em Proudly LX/ITH pattern 1743 you can so v v easily and quickly make a graduation dress that’s as fresh and new as spring—the simple, charming kind in which your daughter looks best! The bodice is softly gathered above the tiny waist, and a sash bow adds to its youthful prettiness. 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