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Apron Buttons On Over Your Head AVHAT a comfort it is to get hold of an. apron that but tons on easily over your head, and stays right where it belongs, fit ting snugly at the waist and re fusing to slip from the shoulders! This one (8641) will be the joy of your life. The back straps button over the shoulders, the front is cut to .a decorative point, and there are two patch pockets that repeat the point, so that they are no less decorative than useful. If ever we saw a prize among pinafores, this is it, and you should have the pattern right away quick. Make no less than half a dozen so that you’ll always have a fresh one ready, and tuck a few away for occasional gifts and bridge prizes, too. You may be sure everyone will like it as well as you do. Gingham, per cale and chintz are practical cot tons to choose. You can easily finish it in a few hours. Pattern No. 8641 is designed for sizes 32, 34, 36, 36, 40, 42, 44, and 46. Size 34 requires 2% yards of 35-inch material without nap. 8% yards trimming. Send order to: SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN DEPT. Room 1324 211 W. Wacker Dr. Chicago Enclose 15 cents in coins for Pattern No Size Name Address Weak, Tired People fief “Mew Lease on Life" r ARB yon weak, nm-down—appetite poor? JTVDoes the «lightest effort exhaust you to the pointjroa feel life isn’t worth living? This is often Nature’s danger signal—and here’s sensational news I Mrs. Laura Bond, 809 Cum berland Street, Gloucester City, N. J. writes: “/ felt so tired, weak and out-of-sorts. But of ter taking Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery a while, I felt more like eating, had more energy, andfelt like myself again.” This great medicine, formulated by a prac ticing physician, helps you combat that weak, run-down feeling two ways: (1) It stimulates the appetite. (2) It promotes flow of gastric juioes. Thus, you eat more; your digestion im proves; your body gets greater nourishment, and in this scientific way helps nature build up your pep, energy and resistance. So successful has Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery been that over 30 million bottles have already been used. Proof of its remarkable benefits. Get Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery from your druggist today. Let it help you feel joyfully alive again—full of pep and energy. In One’s Place It is surprising to observe how much more anybody may become by simply being always in his place.—Salina Watchman. AT 6000 DRUG STORM 'CessedRetieJL RHEUMATISKCmbaTo Sharpens Our Skill Our antagonist is our helper.— Burke. Jo Relieve Misery \eve 4* UOWO.TABLETS. SALVE. NOSE DROPS McCormick Messenger, McCORiviick, s. c. thursday* march 21,. 1940 - r- 1 ■ 7 , i - r ; 5 : — : In 1794 Congress Grudgingly Voted To Build Six Ships; This Year It Talks About a Billion Dollar Navy! . The Constellation, oldest vessel on the United States navy list, now used as a training ship at the Newport (R. I.) naval training station. In this old frigate Commodore Thomas Truxtun won two great victories over superior ships during our ’’undeclared war” with France at the beginning of the Nineteenth century. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) P RESIDENT ROOSE VELT’S budget recom mendation of a billion dollar naval program, the largest peacetime sum ever consid ered for that purpose, is by its sharp contrast, an inter esting commentary on the spirit of economy (perhaps “parsimony” would be the more appropriate word) in which provision for our “first line of defense” was con ceived 146 years ago. For it was in March, 1794, that the first congress ap proved a bill out of which grew the United States navy, albeit its passage was marked by a long and acrim onious debate during which it was declared that “a navy is the most expensive of all means of defense, and the tyranny of governments con sists in the expensiveness of their machinery.” Indicative of the grudging spirit in which this first con gressional provision for a navy was made is the fact that the bill won in the house of representatives by a vote of 50 to 39 and in the senate the sentiment was so evenly divided that it took the vote of Vice President John Ad ams to break a tie and pass the measure. Despite the success of John Paul Jones and other American sea captains against the superior sea forces of England during the Revolution, one of the first acts of congress, after the fight for liberty ended, was to dispense with the services of the victor of the famous Bon Homme Richard- Serapis battle and begin scrap ping such war vessels as we had. In doing this congress was only following the wishes of the citi zens of the new nation. But the United States soon learned a bitter lesson from its naval disarmament program. For centuries the Barbary states in northern Africa—Algeria, Trip- poli, Tunis and Morocco—had preyed upon the commerce of European countries and, despite the huge indemnities which France, Spain and the Italian states paid to these pirates, their shipping and their coasts were never safe from destructive raids. England, because of her sea power, had suffered but little from these marauders but her former colonial shipping, now fly ing a new flag, immediately be came the prey of the corsairs. Ask $60,000 Ransom. In 1785 the Algerian pirates Seized two American merchant men and by the thne of Wash ington’s inauguration their 21 of ficers and men were still held prisoners. The Continental con gress had made some efforts in their behalf but these had been contemptuously rejected by the Dey of Algiers who demanded a ransom of nearly $60,000 for his captives. Soon after Thomas Jef ferson was appointed secretary of state in Washington's cabinet, he was called upon to report to con gress upon the negotiations which he, as minister to France, had carried on with the Algerines. In 1790 Jefferson submitted a report, remarking that a solution of the problem “rests with con gress to decide between war, trib ute and ransom. If war, they will consider how far our own resources shall be called forth, and how far they will enable the Executive to engage, in the forms of the Constitution, the co operation of pther Powers. If tribute or ransom, it will rest with them to limit and provide the amount; and with the Execu tive, observing the same consti- . tutional forms, to make arrange ments for employing it to the best advantage.” But congress was slow to take any action. In the meantime, the Algerian pirates continued their raids on American commerce in the Mediterranean until it was al most destroyed. Finally by 1793, when the corsairs had captured 10 more American ships and im prisoned 105 more American sailors, the federal government decided to do something about it. In January, 1794, a committee of the house of representatives brought in a resolution for build ing four ships of 44 guns and two of 20 guns each for the pro tection of our commerce. Debate on the matter began early in February and immedi ately it became apparent that sentiment was against creating a federal navy. One of the leading opponents was James Madison of Virginia who believed that peace with the pirates “might be pur chased for less money than this armament would cost.” Another Virginia representative “feared - that we were not a match for the Algerines” and a Georgian thought that “bribery alone could purchase security from them.” A New Jersey congressman ob jected to the “establishment of a fleet, because, when once it had been commenced, there would be no end to it.” Smith of Maryland and Fitz simmons of Pennsylvania, who championed the resolution, and Fisher Ames of Massachusetts, who supported them, called upon Madison to define his position and he proposed a substitute for the resolution. It was that “money should be employed in such a manner as should be found most effectual for obtaining a peace with the Regency of Algiers; and failing of this, that the sum should be applied to the end of obtaining protection from some of the European powers.” Navies “Foolish Things.” This suggestion was denounced as an attempt to get other na tions to fight our battles for us but Giles of Virginia came to Madison’s support with a state ment that he “considered navies altogether as very foolish things. An immense quantity of property was spread on the water for no •purpose whatever, which might have been employed by land to the best purpose.” As it became clear that the two Virginians were taking an isolationist stand which would make the United States a hermit nation, sentiment began to swing in favor of the original resolution. Despite the effort of opponents of the bill to delay consideration of it, on March 10, 1794, it came up for final passage in the house. Giles made a last effort to pre vent its passage. He argued that fitting out a navy would inevitably involve us in wars with all the European powers. Besides that, it would be a perpetual threat to American liberties. But despite his eloquent plea, the final vote was 50 in favor and 39 against the measure. It had an even harder struggle in the senate for, as has already been stated, it required the vote of the vice president, as presiding of ficer over that body, to break the deadlock and concur in the action of the house. However, in order to get the measure passed an amendment had to be tacked on that, if peace terms with the Al gerines could be arranged, “no farther proceeding be had under this act.” On March 27, 1794, President Washington signed the act pro viding for the building of six frigates—the President, the Unit ed States, the Chesapeake, the Congress, the Constellation, and the Constitution. However, be fore they could be completed a treaty of peace was concluded with Algiers in September, 1795, under the terms of which we paid Algiers a total of $642,500 for the ransom of captives, for tribute and for presents to of ficials. Besides that we agreed to build a frigate for the Algerine navy and also supply naval stores, bringing the total cost of the treaty up to $992,463.25. By the terms of the amend ment to the navy act, we had to stop building vessels for protec tion of our commerce. Of the five frigates authorized, work on three, the United States, the Con- . stellation and the Constitution, was already under way and even tually they were completed. The timber for the others was sold, except for the ship which was to be presented to the Algerines. Although the navy act of March 27, 1794, was emasculated by the amendment, nevertheless it marked the real beginning of the American navy and, as such, should be a red letter day on our national calendar. In 1793 France and England were at war again and America soon found itself trying desperately to main tain its neutrality in the conflict. Jay’s treaty with England in 1794 put an end to most of the disputes between England and America which grew out of the Revolu tion and which brought us close to another war with Britain. But the next year the British Orders- in-Council against neutral trade with France raised the war fever in this country again and France, angered by Jay’s treaty, did all she could to fan that flame. But eventually France over played her hand and when her blackmailing schemes were ex posed, American sentiment ap proved the strong stand taken by the new President, John Adams, against our former ally. Not only did congress agree to complete three of the frigates authorized in 1794 at a cost of $1,141,160 but on April 20, 1798, it voted $950,000 for the purchase and equipment of an additional naval force. On April 30 a separate navy depart ment was established (heretofore naval affairs had been adminis- ' tered as a part of the war de partment) and Benjamin Stoddert was appointed the first secretary of the navy. A Naval Program. By this time America was def initely committed to a naval pro gram and on May 4 President Adams was authorized to procure cannon and build foundries and armories. This act was soon fol lowed by an appropriation of $80,000 for galleys to be used “as porcupine quills in punishing en emy attacks.” With what was already appropriated, the Presi dent was authorized to accept, if offered by private citizens, six frigates and six sloops of war, and to pay for them with govern ment bonds. Meanwhile France had substi tuted force for Talleyrand’s de vious diplomacy and it had seized nearly a thousand American ships. As a result, our alliance with that country, formed during our fight for liberty, was abrogat ed and in June, 1798, congress authorized the President to use our navy to “subdue, seize, and take any armed French vessel which shall be found within the jurisdictional limits of the United States or elsewhere on the high seas.” This was an important step because it said, in effect, that if we were to compel an enemy to do us justice we must no longer depend upon harbor galleys but must send ships swift enough to search out the enemy vessels in their own waters and strong enough to overcome them. The result was our “undeclared war” with France which contin ued for two and a half years during which time one of the new frigates, the Constellation, won two brilliant victories over French men-of-war and our little navy captured 85 armed French vessels, nearly all privateers and lost only one war vessel, which had been originally a captured French ship. But despite the les sons learned in this conflict it re quired two more of them—the War with the Barbary Pirates of 1802-04 and the War of 1812 with England—to teach us the neces sity of maintaining an adequate naval establishment if we were, as Washington said, to “secure respect” for our flag and to save it “from insult or aggression.” Although the name of Commo dore Thomas Truxtun is but little known to most Americans, yet two victories which he won dur ing our “undeclared war” with France entitle him to a place alongside John Paul Jones, Ste phen Decatur, Isaac Hull, James Lawrence, and Oliver Hazard Perry in our galaxy of naval heroes. Early in 1799 Truxtun was placed in command of the Constellation, flagship of a squad ron of five vessels which were sent to the West Indies. At noon on February 9 while the Constellation was cruising off the island of Nevis, a large ship was discovered away to the south. Truxtun. immediately gave chase and by the middle of the afternoon he had overhauled the fleeing ship and was engaged in a hot battle with her. Within an hour and a quarter the swift and accurate fire of the Ameri can gunners had so shattered the enemy ship that her captain struck his colors. She proved to be the famous French frigate, La Insurgente, whose loss was 70 men killed and wounded, whereas the only casualties on the Constellation were three wounded. The captured French ship was put in charge of a prize crew commanded by Lieutenant (later Commodore) John Rodgers and taken to St. Kitt’s. When news of Truxtun’s victory reached the United States it sent a thrill of joy through the country such as it had not known since the days of John Paul Jones. Truxtun was eulogized in the newspapers, sent “congratulatory addresses” by groups of citizens and re ceived from the merchants of Lloyd’s coffee house in London a handsome service of plate worth more than $3,000. A year later Truxtun gave his fellow-countrymen even more cause for rejoicing. Early on the morning of February 1, 1800, while cruising off Guadeloupe seeking the large French frigate, La Vengeance, which was be lieved to be in those waters, he discovered a sail to the south which he took to be that of an English merchantman. So he ran up the English colors, but; upon receiving no response, gave chase. The stranger began piling on sail and for 15 hours succeeded in keeping out of range of the Constellation’s guns. Then the American ship came within hail-' ing distance and Truxtun discov ered that the stranger was the very ship he was seeking—Lsl Vengeance. At eight o’clock in the evening the Americans opened fire and from that time until one o’clock in the morning the two ships carried on a run ning fight, sometimes coming within pistol shot of each other. Suddenly the French frigate ceased firing and disappeared so completely in the gloom that Truxtun believed she had sunk. But at that moment he discov ered that nearly all the Constel lation’s shrouds had been cut away by the fire of the enemy and that her mainmast was about to fall. Soon afterwards a heavy squall came up and the mast went overboard. Although badly crippled, the French ship managed to reach the safety of a harbor on the coast of South America. There her commander, Captain Pitot, acknowledged that twice during the engagement he had struck his colors but in the gloom of night this signal of surrender was not seen by the Americans. Once more Truxtun’s victory over a superior foe—although La Vengeance carried 54 guns and 400 men, as compared to the Constellation’s 32 guns and 300 men, the French loss was 162 killed and wounded while the Americans’ was only 14 killed and 25 wounded—sent his name ringing through the United States. Two months later con gress authorized the President to present him with a gold medal “emblematical of the late action” with the thanks of the nation, the second time in our history that such an honor was bestowed upon a naval officer. Two years later Truxtun was ordered to command a squadron destined for service in the Medi terranean. His request for a cap tain to command his flagship be ing denied, he declined the serv ice and President Jefferson con strued this action as a resigna tion, which was accepted. Thus the navy lost the services of one of the best officers in its history. Truxtun retired to a farm near Philadelphia and died there May 5, 1822. [ CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT Mriped Tromars. Completo " full uhloo TO RPNT for Waddings and All Formal Occa- “I* ■ alona Aaywhara. Write for details M. STEIN & CO, 1714 L St K.W.. Washington, D C. BABY CHICKS IF Life and Rapid of unusual Llva- Coatlnually BLOOD - TCSTINQ for B.f Btfgs. Fast Growth, Long Feathering produces chicks of bllity. 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