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McCORMICK MESSENGER, McCORMICK, S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 6, 1939 Restoration of the Garden at Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s Home, Will Begin This Spring Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON . - © Western Newspaper'Union. T HERE’S a new “resto ration” program on in Virginia. This time it is not an entire town, as was done at Williamsburg, his toric Colonial capital, nor a building, as was the case of the law office of James Mon roe at Fredericksburg, but it is none the less interesting for it is to be done at one of the great patriotic shrines of America — Monticello, near Charlottesville, the home of Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independ ence and third President of the United States. The restoration at Monticello is that of Jefferson's garden which long since disappeared and it will be made possible^through the re currence of Garden week in Vir ginia, when more than a hundred famous estates, most of which are privately owned, are opened to the public by their owners. The week of April 24 has been set aside for this event, which is held under the auspices of the Garden Club of Virginia, the or ganization that is sponsoring the restoration of the Monticello gar den. Each year thousands of gaxden lovers from every part of America flock to Virginia for the garden week event, when the Colonial gardens not open to the public at Hny other time are shown by their owners. A small 2ee is collected and this money goes to the restoration fund of the Garden club. r The plan to restore Jefferson’s garden at Monticello came about in this way: Fiske Kimball, au thority on early American archi tecture, unearthed the original Jefferson drawings, now pre- served in the Coolidge collection .at the Massachusetts Historical society, while serving on the res toration committee of the Thom- as Jefferson Memorial Founda- tfcln, owners of Monticello. Over t long period of years the com- mittee, consisting of Dr. Edwin M. Betts, professor of botany at the University of Virginia, and considered the foremost author ity on Thomas Jefferson as a botanist; Milton L. Grigg, Char lottesville architect; R. T. Halsey of the Metropolitan museum. New York, and Dr. Charles Moore of the Fine Arts commission of Washington have been aiding Mr. Kimball put together the informa tion essential for the restoration. Due to the meticulous notes and drawings of every detail of Jefferson’s full life and its work, unearthed by various researchers and fitted into the restoration pat tern, the committee announced recently that it is now prepared to embark on “the most faithfully accurate restoration possible in America.” Drawings for the garden res toration and the research still essential is being carried on by Grigg & Johnson, Charlottesville Architects. Execution of the work Is to be under the direction of Mrs. Allen Perkins of Charlottes ville, former president of the Gar den Club of Virginia, and Mrs. Delos Kidder. The restored Jefferson garden will include some three acres known to the committee as the east garden and will include re placement of all the trees known during Jefferson’s lifetime. Plans call for long elliptical paths, bordered with plantings of native wild flowers and ever greens, because Jefferson was in terested in determining the deco rative possibilities of using wild materials which he considered more beautiful than formal ar rangements usually found in the pretentious gardens of Virginia. One of the most interesting fea tures of the restoration will be the replacement of the two fish ponds, small oval pools, the size of which Jefferson carefully com puted on the basis of the average annual rainfall and the amount of water which this would yield to keep his fish in fresh water. In carrying out the research it was found that Jefferson wrote in praise of the splendid ideas for garden development in a now rare volume published by Thom as Whatly in London in 1777. A copy of this volume was secured and it was found that the garden as executed at Monticello was described in almost minute de tail, the description apparently •influencing Jefferson so favorably that he adopted most of Whatly’s recommendations for what was considered the ideal garden. A Herd of Pigs ‘Saw America First’ When They ‘Toured’ With De Soto 400 Years Ago Four hundred years ago this year a herd of pigs went on a “See America First” tour. Un like later tourists who go because they want to, these early “tour ists” went because they had to. They were driven and they- prob ably went none too willingly. Be that as it may, the record of their cross-country journey from the Everglades in Florida to the . Ozarks in Arkansas, through a thousand wild and hostile miles of forest, prairie, mountain, flood, swamp, snow and summer heat, is one of the most amazing in American history. In 1539 Hernando De Soto, who had been made governor of Cuba so that he might use that island as a base of operations in con quering and colonizing Florida, arrived in Tampa bay with nine vessels. On board were 600-odd soldiers, 350 horses and 13 hogs, . the latter being for the use of the colonists he planned to estab lish on the Florida peninsula or beyond. Heading northward from the bay, De Soto’s expedition marched slowly onward in an amazing arc of zigzags which re sulted in its touching at least sev en and perhaps 11 of our present southern states, traversing moun tains and the great Mississippi river, before the weary surviv ors, riding in boats of their own wilderness manufacture, and clad principally in the skins of wild animals, were finally to reach safety in Mexico four years later. An Amazing Sight. At the start of the expedition in Florida and Georgia, appar ently on into both the Carolinas, and seemingly over the moun tains to somewhere near Chatta- hooga, the moving column must have been an amazing sight. First came the armored cavalry in its glittering splendor; behind limped the infantry, sore alike from battles and blisters; while somewhere between or around the two scampered a squealing, reluctant treasure of pork—the rapidly multiplying herd of. hogs —and its herders. And from the hilltops and forests along the way peered savage eyes that had nev er before beheld horses, or pigs, or firearms, or white skins, and that sometimes visioned the rider and his horse together as a single shining animal. Sometimes the party was well fed by friendly or frightened In dians; sometimes it was half- starved — one such occasion, seemingly somewhere in Georgia, finally compelling apparently the first dressing and serving of pork in the present continental area of the United States (1540). Even then, however, each man was al lowed only half a pound of meat per day, to sustain him until more grain, nuts, or roots were found; for in general the rapidly grow ing reserve of pork was still be ing saved, “with infinite labor,” for the colony that De Soto hoped eventually to found. From the Chattanooga region the expedition apparently marched southwest into central Alabama; then northwestward across the state of Mississippi. In each of these sections a des perate battle was fought with the red men, whose teeming straw village the Spaniards set afire in each case (winter of 1540-41); but in the end the invaders lost in the flames not only a collection of pearls, the only riches so <ar ob tainable, but also most of their ammunition, saddles, and cloth ing, and many .horses, and all but 100 of the hogs (the herd had re cently numbered 500). After a 30-day delay for build ing boats to cross the Mississippi, the expedition began a year of wandering in Arkansas (perhaps entering Missouri and Oklahoma, too), finally returning to the banks of the Mississippi with the plan of building ships to return to Cuba for reinforcements. Here De Soto died, however (May, 1542; three years after the land ing at Tampa); and the hog herd, now increased to 700, was auc tioned off among his men, who thus ate pork much more often, but started observing religious holidays! De Soto’s successor, Moscoso, at first abandoned the plan of a voyage by sea in favor of the supposedly easier land march to New Spain (Mexico). The sum- HERNANDO DE SOTO mer was, therefore, spent in a westward trek which apparently reached halfway across northern Texas. But the approach of au tumn on the seemingly limitless Texas plains sent them trudging back to the Mississippi to begin building ships. They used the shawls of the Indian women for sails, and turned into spikes and anchors their firearms, their cap tives’ chains, and such bits and stirrups as remained. The re maining hogs and most of the sur viving horses were turned into meat for the voyage. After a desperate 16-day battle with hostile river Indians in their much swifter canoes, and after six weeks of feeling their way around the Texas coast, 311 hairy beings clothed and shod in deerskin and claiming once to have been Spaniards reached the shelter and welcome of a Spanish settlement on the Panuco river near the site of modern Tampico, Among all the homes of great Americans which have been pre served as historic shrines, Monti cello is unique. It not only re flects the personality of the man who lived in it and loved it so much but it is a monument which Thomas Jefferson literally erect ed to himself. He himself select ed its site—a wooded peak at which he, as a young man, gazed long and often across the Rivanna river from his boyhood home at Shadwell. He determined to establish his home on the “Little Mountain” some day. Upon the death of his father he inherited the landed estate which lay along both sides of the Rivanna river and in 1770 he be gan clearing the summit and pre paring for building. But there was much to do before actual construction could be begun. The whole apex of the mountain had to be removed. When this was done there was left an eliptical plane upon which the buildings were to be located. The place was named Monticello, meaning in Italian, “Little Mountain.” In the fall of 1770, the dwelling at Shadwell burned, so that build ing began in earnest at Monti cello, beginning the establish ment of an entirely new home stead upon this wild and almost inaccessible site. But true to his vision, the owner ignored the much easier and cheaper process of replacing the old dwelling where were still the other numer ous buildings that were then es sential to a plantation—barns, mills, slave quarters and stor* age houses of many kinds. Self Made Architect At that time there were virtu ally no architects in the country and few skilled workers in the building crafts. So Jefferson took up the study of architecture and architectural drawing. Guided by his inherent appreciation of the essential elements of fine con struction, he taught himself so well that he became his country’s outstanding architect of the pe riod. He made vast numbers of drawings for his home and worked out the last details for every part of the structure. More than that, he selected the stone and timber used in the structure, looked after the con struction of the brick and the nails made by his own servants, devised advanced and ingenious contrivances for comfort and con venience, designed the decoration of the interior and personally se lected the furnishings and orna ments. He not only planned but gave personal supervision to the laying out of the various build ings on the estate, the gardens, the walks and the roadways. Though architecture was only a hobby with Jefferson, today he is acclaimed a great architect. The exterior of Monticello is in the Doric order of architecture. The interior is in the Ionic style. A portico, the full height of the house, with stone pillars and steps projects 25 feet. It is a brick mansion 100 by 100 feet, with white pillars, cornices and balus trades surmounted by a dome, standing in the midst of a lawn overlooking river, woodlands and fertile valley, with a view of mountains to the west and of long extending coastal plains to the east. Hidden Staircases. The appearance is of one story and entering the hall one is still deceived, for Jefferson disliked staircases to such an extent that he shut them all up in closets. The hall shows only a gallery on which the bedrooms open. In the dome itself Jefferson planned a billiard room, but a law was passed by the state before it was completed, forbidding the game and so it was left in an unfinished state. The wings of the house end in octagonal projections; the northern one containing the din ing room, tea room and two guest roorps, the southern form ing Jefferson’s private suite, sit ting room, library and bedroom. Under the dome on the west is the great drawing room, famous for its parquette flooring of na tive woods and its pillared por tico. Most notable of the architec tural features of the house is the hiding away of all signs of kit chen, laundry, stable and the many workshops necessary on a plantation of that period when almost every article in daily use was manufactured on the estate by servants and slaves. The sharp declivity of the mountain made it possible to have these offices all at a lower level than the house. A tunnel from the basement leads right and left to one-story pavilions, used by the slaves. By this contrivance dishwashers, cooks, butlers, maids, troops of slaves with wood for fires, cans of ashes, pails of hot or cold wa ter did their work without dis turbing the tranquillity of the family and their guests. An odd ity contrived by Jefferson is a dumbwaiter for hoisting wine from the cellar, with a capacity of but one bottle. Monticello, undoubtedly the fin est mansion in that section of Virginia, cost its owner, accord ing to his account books, about $7,200. The ornamental stone was brought from Philadelphia to Richmond by water and hauled from Richmond in carts. What to Eat and Why C. Houston Goudiss Offers Practical Help in Planning Meals That Avoid Hidden Hunger; Illustrates Right and Wrong Methods of Menu Building By C. HOUSTON GOUDISS A GENERATION ago, homemakers approached the prob lem of feeding their families with but two objectives: to put weight on their children and to send adults away from the table with their appetites appeased. If the child failed to gain satisfactorily, or if his teeth were crowded and sub ject to decay, he was said to “take after his Uncle Abner” or perhaps to have inherited «> — the poor teeth of his maternal grandmother. And if adults were chronically tired or suf fered from “nerves,” that, too, was blamed on circum stances that had nothing to do with the diet. No one had ever heard of hid den hunger! For nutritionists had not yet startled the world by demon strating that food may satisfy the ap petite and yet fail to feed . . . that the absence of mi nute amounts of minerals and vita mins may be re sponsible for a long train of deficiency diseases which cause untold mis ery and are responsible for men tal and physical inefficiency. Planning Meals Scientifically Today we know that a definite relationship exists between food consumption and bodily activity, and that normal individuals can usually control body weight by regulating the amount of fuel foods in the diet. We know that minerals and vitamins play a pow erful part in building and main taining sound teeth as well as healthy nerves; and that we can build resistance to disease, defer old age, and even lengthen the span of life by choosing our food, not merely for its appetite appeal, but for the qualities that contrib ute toward what nutritionists term a balanced diet. The Balanced Diet Every modern homemaker therefore owes it to her family not to plan meals at random, but to take into consideration the seven factors that science has deter mined to' be essential for top health. These include: protein for building and repairing body tissue; carbohydrates to produce quick heat and energy; fats, a more compact form of fuel; min erals, which serve both as build ers, and as regulators of body processes; vitamins A, B, C, D, E and -G, which act as regulators, and help to prevent the various de ficiency diseases; water, which serves as a vehicle by which food is carried to the tissues, and cellu lose or bulk, required for the nor mal functioning of the intestinal tract. A Day's Food Plan The various food essentials will be supplied if the three daily meals include a quart of milk for every child, a pint for each adult, which may be served as a bever age, with cereals, in soups, sauces or made into desserts; an egg daily, or at least three or four weekly; one serving of meat, fish or chicken, usually at the main meal of the day; a second protein food, such as cheese, baked beans or nuts, usually served at lunch or supper; two vegetables besides potatoes, one of which should be of the raw, leafy variety; two servings of fruit, and at least one serving of a whole grain cereal. By adhering to this plan, you will help to supply your family with the necessary proteins, min erals, vitamins and cellulose. Fuel foods may be added by way of breadstuffs, macaroni, rice and other cereals; butter or margarine and the fats used in cooking. Common Errors in Menu Planning Common mistakes in menu plan ning are a concentration of too many proteins or carbohydrates in one meal; the failure to include adequate bulk by way of fruits, vegetables and whole grain cere als; and the massing in one meal of too many foods that are high in fat. The following menu, for exam ple, contains more protein than necessary, and too little bulk, yet it is typical of the dinners served in many homes: Hamburger Steak, Baked Beans, Potatoes, Stewed Corn, Custard Pie. Since both meat and baked beans are rich in protein, they may well be served at separata meals, as indicated by either of the following combinations: Ham burger Steak, Creamed Potatoes, String Beans, Lettuce Salad, Fresh or Cooked Fruit. Or, Baked Beans, Stewed Tomatoes, Cabbage Salad, Custard Pie. In the first menu, the beans, po tatoes, corn and pastry are all high carbohydrate foods. To pro vide additional bulk, as well as to reduce the amount of carbo hydrate, it would be advisable to serve a green vegetable such as string beans, and choose fruit in stead of pie for dessert. It is as sumed, of course, that eggs would be given in some other form dur ing the day. Since baked beans contain both protein and carbohydrate, we omit potatoes in the third menu, and serve a food rich in vitamin C— the tomatoes, and add a bulky raw vegetable by way of the salad. It's Balance Thai Counts It requires no more time or ef fort to prepare nutritionally cor rect meals than those which lack balance, nor is it more expen sive. For elaborate meals can lack balance, if they are deficient in minerals, vitamins and bulk, while those composed of such simple foods as bread and milk, and stewed fruits may provide an abundance of the protective sub stances which satisfy the hidden hunger of the body. My plea to homemakers is to give less thought to the prepara tion of elaborate recipes, and more thought to supplying the food values that will create abundant health and vitality. In that way, I believe we shall take a real step forward in human progress. ©—WNU—C. Houston Goudiss—1939—87 Gay Fruit Motif for Towels Pattern 6037 Here’s your chance to add color to the kitchen in the simplest of stitchery. Do the large fruit in applique or outline stitch and let the cross-stitch (4 and 8-to-the- inch) give the finishing touch. Make them for the bride-to-be but here’s fair warning, you’ll want to keep them yourself! In pattern 6037 you will find a transfer pat tern of six motifs averaging 4 by 10 inches and the applique pattern pieces; color suggestions; materi al requirements; illustrations of stitches used. To obtain this pattern, send 15 cents in coins to The Sewing Cir cle, Household Arts Dept., 259 West 14th St., New York, N. Y. Please write your name, ad dress and pattern number plainly. SNOW-WHITE PETROLEUM JELUT Nothing Is Lost Nothing is lost, neither thoughts nor even dreams. They remain the soul of the earth, in order to produce other thoughts — other dreams.—Pierre De Coulevain. or high egg bred— 6c up. Ga. U. S. approved, pulloruui tested. 100,000 weekly. Reds, Rocks, Orpingtons, Hampshlres, Giants, Leg horns, Mlnoreas. AA, AAA, Super A grades. Light and heavy assorted. Write for details on livability guarantee that protects you. We have the breeding, equipment and experience to produce champion chicks. Oldest hatchery In Georgia and first in state to bloodtest. Write today. BLUE RIBBON HATCHERY 215 Forsyth St., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. ' I— | ■ |