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A,- . .. . - . --.'~ V p. -~ ~F ewberrp ~ ernW anb ~ h. S- - ~ E~TABLISHED 1865. ___ __ NEWBERRY, S. C., TUESDAY, JULY 1~, 1897. -~ TWICE A WEEK41.50 A YEAR CLEMON'S FEVER lIPOR OF TIlE STATE IIOAitD OF %IIEALTII FILED. A Typhohl 34A It" 6 :o1j Text of the Repo the Investigatlon - Some -arnest ftecommnendatione blade. (The State, 8th.) In strango contrast to the state ments made about the existence of the typhoid fever epidemic at Clem son college is the report given below, filed yesterday with the governor by the committee of the State board of health asked by Governor Elletbo to visit . Ulemson and investigate the causes. To His Excellency, Governor Eller be: Dear Governor: Your committee hVa the honor to report that in obed ience to your excellency's instrue tions we visited Clemson Agricultu ral college and investigated the. cause and character of tho prail ing sickness at that poit;, and noth 0iZ9rg-4tMIiW6 l to render to you of ficially the results of our- examina tion. Upon our arrival at Clemson on Tuesday, the 27th of June, we were waited upon by President Craig head and the faculty, who expressed much gratification at our arrival and an earnest desire to give us all pos sible aid in solving the serious prob lom by which they were confronted and which had excited painful ap prehension throughout tho State. It may not be inelegant to refer to the extremely picturesque appearance of Clemson college, crowning the grace fully undulating hills and st.anding an enduring monument to its found . ers. With silent and irresistible olo quence in behalf of generations to come, who, sheltered in its beneficent arms, shall learn tho lessons of stal wart, enlightened citizenship upon which oul government must rely for peaceful, prosperous and happy per petuity. In advance of making a tour of sanitary inspection, we visited the hospital, in which there were a few patients, probably a dozen, some convalescing and others quite ill. We regretted the absence of Dr. Red fern, himself sick, probab' with the prevailing fever, and we found Dr. Hardin in cheerful and efficient dischargo of the duties of resident physician. We were informed that approximately between 70 and 80 cases of sickness had occurred among ~ e students Within a few weeks, no cessittng tdo disbanding of the col lege. Of that number of fever cases, not more- than 30 were of prolonged duration and several had died. The fever was thought to be malarial, but there were two cases in hospital, don corning which there was some doubt but might be typhoid fever. As to the causation of this fever, various theories wvoro enter-tained. One theory was that the studentm had bathed in the river near whert the sewerage emptied. Another the ory wvas that a number of studentE had wvorkled in the lowv swvamp lands, rich in alluvial deposits and had in haled the noxious exhalations from stagnant wvater, the outflow of whicli had boeen recently checked by a dam. A third theory wvas thait a large per. centage of the students hiad comt from their homes in malarial sec tions of thge State, and that the lat. ent mn in in them had developed by a lher latitude, by an 'oxcessivt amuonn of work and the severe mili. tary ~~ discipline of the institution. That these causes had gradually do vitalized the students, rendering them easy prey to sickness. Th< disproof of the first theory was thai soime of the sick students disclaimei ever having been in the river. The second theory could not hold be cause the sickness was not entirol3 confined to the students who han wor-kod in the swamp land, and ii reply to the third theory it may b< sraid that the sick students repro sented all sections of the State. v In the presence of smo many con 2N ing opinions entertained by gen tIloVen of intelligence, discriminatio' and observation, your committe< proceeded toRg a systematic and vigor . , mination of every place wh might possibly suggest a clue 'i he solution of the problem in question. Your excellency, will re call the physical appearance of Clem son, its hills and valleys, and the relative distances and positions of A 1. the various buildings. Taking the college building as a center, it will be obsorved that the watershed of the hill upon which it stands causes a part of the storm water to flow north to the river, west to the bar racks and south and east through a gradually developed valley, round and about the dairy and into the ra vine on the oast, north and southern sides. On the northern edge of the ravine, -in the valley, - is located the dairy, a puilding probably 50 foot square. The Pita upon which it stand? had boon a small pond -which had,.boon filled in with dobris of var ipblo character organic and inorgan ic and had boon partially tiled drain ed. Between the dairy and the ab rupt hills north there is a small space in -which two springs riso. The larger spring was said to 'become muddy after a rain, and accordingly it had been enclosed with brick on three sides. The smaller spring, be side the door of the dairy, is includ ed in a casing of impervious mator ial about two foot in length by one foot in width. This spring some times becomes milky and is used ox clusively in preparing the products of the dairy. The day of our arriv al it rained heavily, and the next morning we traced the storm water from the adjacent hills over and around the imperfectly constructed storm ditch, besides the spring and upon the limited area occupied by the dairy. On the surrounding hills over which the storm water flows are open privies to which no especial at tention had been given, and the con tents of which must be washied by each recurring rain into the valley and thence into the ravine. Your committee, in continuance of their duty, exqmined the barracks, which they found defective in loca tion, in construction, in ventilation and in its system of sewerage. Mois turo is an essential elemolit in the process of organic decomposition in the soil by which mysterious and dangerous products are evolved, heat and a moderato supply of air being necessary to this process. In the construction of a dwelling the sani tiarian adopts the most officient means for excluding dampness from the foundation walls and from the basement floors, for protecting the soil from impurities and to rendor- it dryer by underground drainage and by opening the out flow. To prevent the pollution of the ground air is of imp)ortance, and it is to be accom plished by removing the source 'f contaminat'on; by facilitating the natural process of purification and by relheving the overtaxed powers of the soil, by drainage and storation. In the second place protective measures must be resorted to for ad ditional security. Be it remenA bored that cellars as usually con structed (10 not constitute a barrier to the escape of air from the sub soil, and this is especially so in buildings which are heated artific ially, in wvhichi case ishere is super added a suction force created by the ascending rarified air. WVhilo it is impossible to prevent the aeration of ground air, it can by suitable devices be-diverted into other andl less hurt ful channels, and its dangerous in fluence inimized. The foundation wvalls and the basement flooring of the entire build ing should rest upon a hed of imper vious material, and should have a ventilating chamber under the entire surface of the cellar floor separated from the basement by an intervening pavement. TheI chamnber should be connected with a chimney flue to carry off the ground air wvhich risca in autumn, winter and spring. Dur ing the summer when the ground air sinks a current of fresh air lmnr rics downward and rises to the heat ed surface outside of the building. Your committee failed to find that those ordinary sanitary requirements for the ptotection ag-tust ground air and moisture had hoon mot in the construction of the dairy and the bar racks. In the matter of ventilation, thoro is no adequato arrangements in the barracks to got rid of thostag nant air charged with carbolic acid gas which must abound to an injur ions extent in stich an unscientifical ly constructed building with its hun IreLds of inmates. In addition the water closets aro improperly located mid should not be with the nain Juilding, for the piping for the dis posal of excretion is liable to be do ranged by the gradual subsodenco of he building, and by other causes, ahich may loosen the joints and al ow the escape of sower gas. Assum ng the numbor of inmates of the 3arracks to b 300, the aggregato unount of said oxcrotia for 12 nonths would probably be soven tons md about 12,000 gallons of urine. To secure the continuous and ral) d removal of this oxcreta and to pro vent pollution of air and soil by their :emporary detention, is an intorost ng problem in sanitary science. To iccomplish this purposo the sewors must be perfectly tight taroughout, io that whatever enters may pass to 'ho outlet without leakage. The movement throughout the sewer must Lbe continuous from head to outlet wvithliout halting to purify. Besides, Aho sower must be perfectly vontilat 3d, so 'hat accumulated gases may iot it rm and force thomselves hrough the traps to- the dwellings. Adequate means must. be provided for inspecting and flushing the sow MrH, the size and form of which must b)o perfectly adjusted to its flushing ippliances, that the usual dry weath .r flow may bo made to koop it free rrom stilt and organic doposits. The following conclusions have been reached by your comittoe: First-That while it is not im probable that there has been some malarial fever at Clemson, it is un ruestionable that the prevailing fo vor is typhoid. Second-That the open privios havo be0n the primo cause of infec tion, and we view with suspicion the products of the dairy of which spring water at that place is used. Thero are soveral recommendations yoir committee would respectfully make. Discontinue the open privies absolutely, and by a system of sow ers have all the exclota from the va rious residences conducted to the riv or. Mant,imo enfoirce what. is known as the "dry system," which consists in the admixt.ure of dried eart.h or coal ashes with the excrement in suif licient q1uantities for absorbing and reducing it to an inodorous and harmless form. TIb 3 material must be perfectly dry, anid applied im mediately and( iln sumflcient quantity to cover the,.excretions and to remove all fluidity of the material. Tihe wamt er closet should be detached from the house and thor.ough ventilation insured, .arnd should1( be frequently inspetodl and( kept in pormfoet work inIg order. Tholi dairy should be0 removed from its present sito, and constructed in obedience to sanitary laws, and pcer haps it would b)0 botter to discontin no0 its opoerations and avoid tihe pos5 sibility of its posing as a factor in the possess5ion of diseases. Assuming that the barracks will be continued as a b:n for the stiu deny)ts, th lie)st recommendation wo can make is to und(erdrainl the nIar row area between tihe east side of the building and( the high embankment, the latter to b)e faced with granite. An implroved system of ventilation should be int roduced1, sluch as is used iln army institutions north-for in staneo, at Johns IIopinifs University, b)y wvhich perfect venltilationl is ob. tainedl and regulated at will. The most modern system of sewerage shiould 1bo used, and to provent the possibiilty of contamiuaqtion of the building by noxious gases the water closets shouHl be detached fromn the building. The dlistant end of the sewer at the edge of thoe river should be so arranged as to escapeosuibmerg ne 'r river wate nn prot:ent. it. against whatever 'might intorfore with its offico. We recommend further, from the standpoint of- sanitation, that vaca tion be given in the summor months, and your committee are impressed with the belief that it can be done without conflicting with the agri cultural features of education at Clemson, and would subserve the highest interests of the professors, the students and the college. The recent unfortunate experience of sickness and death at Clemsan has awakened the spirit of criticism against the institution on the ground of unhealthfulness, which it may not be wise to ignore. In conclusion, your committoo might have discussed the laws rog- I ulating the evolution and extension of typhoid fover, and how in origi nating in soil and air pollution it gives rise to opidomics. Theyrmight have also cited abundant parallel casos corroborative of the position they have taken in this report, but they do not think these would lond additional mphlasis to the plain fact of the existenco of typhoid fever at Clomson and the imperativo necessi ty of proventing its recurrence. We have the honor to be Very respectfully, CHARLES I. TABEI, M. D. JAMES . El VANs, M. D., C. A. REEsE, M. D. Take JOHNSON'S CHILL & FBVER TONIC. ee - Uan'agn, Appohintmenlhts. The following a1re the appoint monts for the senatorial canipaign now in progress in this State: Barnwell, Tuosday, July 13. Aikon, Wednesday, July 14. Edgoiold, Thursday, July 15. Saluda, Friday, July 16. Lexington, Saturday, July 17. Winnsboro, Mofiday, July 19. Columbia, Tuesday, July 20. Orangeburg, Wednesday, July 21 Dorchester, Thursday, July 22. Bamborg, Friday, July 23. Union, Monday, July 26. Spartanburg, Tue9day, July 27. Cherokee, Thursday, July 29. Greenville, Friday, July 30. Pickons, Saturday, July 31. Oconoo, Monday, Aug. 2. Anderson, Wednesday, Aug. 4. oo1enwood1, Thursday, Aug. 5. Abbeville, Friday, Aug. 6. Lauro-ns, Saturday, Aug. 7. Newbrr-y, Monday, Aug. 9. Chlester, Wednesday, Aug. 11. York, Thursday, Aug. 1 2. Lancaster, Friday, Aug. 13. Kershaw. Saturday, Aug. 14. Cho stto:Iiold, Monday, Aug. 16. Marlboro, WVednesday, Aug. 18. Darlington, T1hursday, Aug.' 19. Marion, Saturday, Aug. 21. Hiorry, Monday, Aug. 23. Georgetown, Wednesday. Aug. 25. WVill iamsburg, Thursday, Aug. 26. Manninrg, Friday, Aug. 27. Flornenco, Saturday, Aug. 28. 'Johnson 's Chill and Fver 4onic Cures Pever 'In One Dayo Th le New Ta,rlfT Law WVhich hmaP j'.3t loon signied by the President, may be appropiriately conisidiered anm Industrial Declara - tion of Independence. An oflicial text of t,he law has just boon1 pub lisheud by the American Protective Tariff League, and should he care fully examined by every citiz&'n. Protectionists ought to have a ft w copies of this lawv for distributio~n. Five copies wvill be0 sent to anmy ad dress for ten cents. Ask for D)ocu mont No. 30 and address WV. F. Wakemnan, General Secretary. 135 West. 28d Street New York. STATE BOARD OF CONTROL ADJOURNS, 4TATEMENTOSTAINED WIIHI . SHOWS UP EM1lTEEN 8siOtTAGES. uly One1 Uootd 1on(l in State--ospenoanry Law Doen Not Suit Some Reform Loaed orm-Wilamitin Wi,niN Plailn specill catIont-Memberm of the Hotly Ank That the (loversor Call Namev Who,s Making Chatrgetn. [Atlanta Constitution.] Columbia, S. C., July 9.-Aftor vorking hard and late tho State )oard of control has adjourned for a nonth, but its last work was its most mportant. After repeated efforts the board ins obtained a statomont of short igos of the county disponsaries, and hoy now report on them. They Ihow eightoon shortagos, no prose mutions, and only one good bond imong the iinoty dispensarios in the st ate. This coming on top of Mr. May iold's statement yesterday at Water >oro, gives strengt.h to his position. Ur. Mayfield, the Roform leador in he Sonato, said he was afraid that ,he State dispensary at Columbia vould pollute and corrupt affairs md make the people distrustful of Ihir own government, and this was indesirablo. This was without miy orsonal reference to those now in -hargo. The now constitution had -iven common ground for all to 3omo together on. The old bar room was not wantod, but the pros mt dispensary was also undosirablo, ind he wanted to soo prohibition to tart with local option. If nocos iary, make further restrictions of .alo, but got rid of an institution brooding corruption and scandal. Ho favorod tho foat1krs of the law, but not through State management. The shortagos from February 1, 1895, to Decombor 1, 1890, are as follows: Fobrup I, 1895-A F Dixon ...............* 038 84 March 18- 1 Urao 1...................... 555 0% A pril 10, 1895-n0 Cyas-......... 1,708 70 June 20, 1895-0 M 1.angtdoi..... ..... (174 71 Februar.y 1,'1895-11 A Dickurt........... 28 t9 Augu .t27 1895-0 Varn....................... fit (I July 13, 1895-A It McDontald......... .... All 6i Starch 30, 18901-M Clarknon................. 76 0-1 Unrchl 31, 1896-w 11 Barron............... 48 49 A uguat 31, 189 --T A Scott.................... 4,1,2) 28 septcmber 3l) 1 DO- Wado Lam.ar........ 25. mitarch 81. %69A- ii, 7 ilolzelaW. ...... 1,3 1 a6 Decomber 1, It96-K woll........ ...... 370 :1 November 1, 1896-J . Gamton........... .107 41 Dec(mlber 1890--0 W n111.41be0........... lHi 12 Novi'mbor 18 189-Tr A Fe nnell......... 242 7-1 Novomber 30, 1896--1 0 J W ood........18m 15 November 3o, 1810--J 1 P'lait ............... 208 58 ot al........ .........................................412.702 82 In addition to the statomont of shortages from February 1, 1895, to April 1, 1890, aggregating $12,702. 82, the following havo occurred since the (dispensary has been undeor tihe management of the State board of control, from A pril 1st to the present: J. M. Daniel, Chester; W. Tr. Cross wvell, Fort Motto; RI. R1. Stutts, Kingstree; W. HI. Williams, Mount Pleasant; E. W. Venning, St. Sto phons; .J. 0. Mayer, Sycamore, ag gregating $2,585.20. This placos the, tot,al shiortages under the State hoard at $1,102.85, anid for tihe poriod from February 1, 1895, to the prosent at $10,805.07. L. ,J. Williams, of the State hoard of control, this (weoning was asked if he had anything to say ab)out the governor's interview condemning the mismanagement of the hoard anti intimating that he would be glad to acceopt the resignation of all five memblers. Mr. Williamns reliedl that he thought, like thle governor, thlat it was very unlfortunato for the dis uensary that there had booen "wranig ling and(l mismnanagemlent,' andc had (dono all in his p))~oe to avoid bo0th or either, and1( hoped yet that the evils named would boe cured. The only criticism, if it could be called] such, that he had to make upon thc governor's inlterview was that h( failed to specify who was responsi lo for thme "muismanagement" comn p)lained1 of. Ho said1 that he wvantoe no mian conisured for his mistakes and1 neither was lhe willing to beai censure for the mistakes of others that if he was guilt,y of '"mismanage ment" anid injunry to the dlisp)ensar2 or to the governor's adumiinistration lhe called uponi th.' jovornor to spe cify wherein it had occurred; that thoulght he had been in a minority lhe had done his best for the morn and financial success of the dispon tary, and had boon ably assisto. by Mr. Douthit along thoso lines, and if he had beon guilty of any mis takes, ho wanted the governor to call namos and say that L. J. Wil liams was guilty or innocont. Ho said that. lie woild be glad to be ro licved of the annoyanceo of trying to hlp riu the dispensary, but said that ho could not retiro mider tho gonoral chargo of the governor, but that his responsibiliny must first b fixed. PRE8s1DECNT OF FURMAN. Dr. liurgall, A Former Pastor of the Vita iel 2itairo 11aptIt.At turch, CluarIce. tolk, Elected, but Ie M1ay Not, Aceept. [Nows and Courior.] Groonvillo, July 8.---The trustcos of Furman University after a long s0SHiOll unanimously eleCted the R(v. E. C. Dargan,). D., prosident. of' the University to succood Dr Charles MLanl.y, whoso resignation was ac copted. Tho board passed resolitions fully endorsing the splendid man agoiontof the institution by Dr. Man - ly and regrotting the sov0eran11C0 of tho relations which had existed for the past sixtevi years. Dr. Manly retiros with the good will of the board, the faculty and all friends of the institution. Dr Dargau is at. prsent profossor of homilitics and occisiology at the Southern Baptist Thoological Semi nary at Louisvillo, Ky. Ie is a nu tive of Darlington, in this Stat<-. -1i years old, a gradiute of Furman -umd the 'I'heologicial Sominary. Be fillod pastorat..in Vir(ginia, Californiia and also of tlie (itadel S(laro Bapt.ist Church of Charloston. It is not. known that Dr. Darganl will accept. and the fact that the board of tiru teos adjourned to meet in (olnibia on the 20th of this month would in dicato that. the body was not entiro. ly cortain of his accoptance. TiUE RISIS AT C.EMSON. Metllig of toie Hlourdl of Trietei , ati wihl, Every MeIser IN PreNnt --io Itonmril A dlpim I he su ggemi 1ossaet if (11 iti,aui-I of flealth Comuumitile -Urstlgi.ad Ia ti I I nn isk i cottid-o-Ne, itew Premitdent E1ect e Yil. [Nows and ( Courior.] Clemsoi, July 8. --Ti hboard of tris Cos mIot ioro yostorday and held an unimportant moeting 111a.tnight begin ning at 8. 30 and adjourning at I I o'clock. Sonator Tillman arrived on the atftor'noon traini fr'om Wash ington. All the membIilers are p reseut consist ing of Sonator Tilhnanm, (lovernar Ellerbo, Messrs Norris, D)onialdson Simipson, Wannamakeor,TIindall1, Ieod - foarn, Bradley, Mauldini, I owen, Stack house andl Hard in. The board had a coniferencee with Mr. 1). A. Tompkins, of Charlotte on the subject of a textile school. Mrtz. Tomp)kins talked interestingly onth subject for some time showing that a school wais necessar'y ini t,he South, as the North was having thiem anl England, too,beinig forced into estabt lishing themi by the action of thIe Continental Powers. H Ie says that ii school to have onie machinoe of enel. kind can be establishedl at a cost ol $1 5,000. Tho11 resignations of IPresCidliI (Craighead, Prof. rTomfpk(ins anid Mr' Wright were presen(3Ited to the board but no action was takoni. It has boren thought for two o1 three (lays p)ast that Presi<doi (Craighead would ble ask1d( to r'ecoi sidoer his resigrant,ion and1( relnail here, but he staltedl to the boariid at, iti meeting this morning that he posi lively would niot stay. Th'lis lut! the question of the presOidecyI!3 in very unsettled condition, for th< board (loes not scomt to have any avail able mtanidefinitely in view. Th'le board hats decidled thaut till sessions of the College shiall begini om Sept.ember 8 and close in 1Jutno, witl no wintor holiday. TIhe presen nenior' class will be graduated ii February, 181)8. IIleretofore ti session hashoeen through the sulc~m months, the vaction (embIracing th< wintor moinths. After niext year' til cormncnoinni will hn0 hnl(1 n1 Wednesday before the second Thurs day in June. The board passed a resolution to day adopting all the recommenda tions made by the board of health, with two unimportant exceptions. The following resolutions were passed to day: Wlioroas,President E.B. Craighead has declined peremptorily to recall his rosignation as the head of Clem son Collogo: Be it, Resolved, That we, the board of trusteoo desire to express our regrets at parting with him and to extend our best wishes for his success in his now 1ield of labor. Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to furnish President Craighoad with a copy of these res olutions. Whoreas, Prof. Stonewall Tomp kiiis has sovered his connection with Clemson Collogo: Therefore be it Ro'solved, That the board of trus teos desire to express our regret at parting with him and to extend our hearty good wishes for his success in his new liold of labor. tosolved, That the secretary bein sit reted to furnish Prof. Tompkins with a copy of thoso resolutions, Dr Wyman has returned from the 1neiglit borhood of Camden, whoro he went to look into an opidomic of hog cholera that is prevailing in th. Watereo swampis, north of Camdeo. He says that about 90 por cent. ?f 1 h ogs are (lying. TAKES A SUAIMlt 1 4T Tpamtees of CQlmmqn Conlegeo re a IR11#6. Clemson College, S. C., July s. Eivory intorost of the inatitixtign it being thoroughly considered by tho board of trustons now in session. It has long booi the desire of the fac llty an1d cadots of the college to have the summor instead of the win tor vacation. They now have it by Olor of ti bomrd. The next ses sion will bogin on tho8th of Sep tomber and closo the second week in Junie, 1898. Theo present senior class will be graduated in February, however. The resignations of President Craighead and Professor Tompkins w0re accepted by the board and res ohitionw of regret at the departure of Hose genleinen wore adopted. Now York Faimlion Letter. Up to this time we have had a great. deal of color in our gowns and combinat ions which liorotoforo were considered far too gay for stroot wear. Violot and rod has perhaps bovin the most odd Combilation, whii ( blum and groon, coriso nd purl, black and gold, have attract ed theiir owin share of not,ice. Now that thle weather has settled anid has beco:ano peOrmianiontly warm, such combilinat.ions as5 thoso5 are almost oni tiriely ab andtonied and dove gray and yellow, slate gray and pale pmnk, blue1( anmd wvhite lavender anid corn color hold( sway in t.he soft miatoriaun for (extriemiely warm weather. A large variety of shades in green are worn, soimet,imies twvo or three shades ini on1 gown, and often one shado combined with (creamn, white or linen. Almost all of thini b)altistos, (imi ties, lawns, swiss and1 linens are mntado over colored slips and trimmed with ribbons, the same color as tihe slipI or a conitrastinig shade. As silk is rather exp)ensivo for these summer gownis, the stores aioe showing a large variety of lawns in solid colors, which miako a cool and (durablo lini ing. Somoe skirts have the outsidle materials cut away to make curved or pointed( yoke effects, leaving the. plain lining for the yoke. This is ofteni outlined with a band of lace, iisortionm, or two inch wide ribbon gathered in the centor to make a double1( r-utIlo. Thle skirts are trimmned around the b)ottolm quite a little. Three and four niarrow rn fils, either diouble or single, with lace at both edges, make a p)retty linish for thin dresses. The t.raivling gowns aron sometimes trimined with bias bainds of the goodls. Somne of t hose are graduat ed, thme narrow omnes being nmear thet top), while ot.hors use inich wide bands(1 altogether. Large varieties of latest models can be found in tio late numbnlers of McD)owell's Fashion Journals (pub hished at 4 West i 'th St reet, New York.) "La Mode Do Paris"' in $3. 50 a year, 35 cts. a sinmgle copy). "F"rench D)ressmnaker" is $8.00 a year, amnd 31) ets. a single copy. Brick! Brick!! I"or saile by 11. 0. Matthews , New.. bnIerryw, S-. C. LI.