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EST f ABL ISHi EDII85 ESTABLISHE) IN 8 NEWBERRY, S. C., THURSDAY, NOVE MBER1718.PIE$5AYA BURST HIS [EAD BY A BOM B. THE CHARACTERISTIC DEATH OF ANARCHIS"T LINGG. A Shocking Suicide in the Chicago Jail -The Condemned Man Prefers any Death to the Gallows. CHICAGO, November 10.-All day yesterday it was thought that Lin i acted differently from usual. On Tuesday night he gave out his "fare well ad;dres-." which was written for the Alarm, Parson's o,d paper. In it he recited at length his grievances and closed as follows: "Now, with a last and earnest farewell to all friends and cowrad-s, and with flnal wishes for their pros perity, I close, in view of the certain ty that I shall never have a chance of seeing you again, my beloved comrades. With an earnest and hearty wish for your future success in lite, your comrade, hoch die ar. archie ! -Louis LINGG." Yesterday, when one of the guards told him that the papers had pub lished his letter to D. D. Lum, the young bomb manufacturer, expressed a strong desire to ",read it in Eng lish." Jailer Folz consented and Lingg slowly plodded through the translation. Englehardt speaks Ger man, and when appealed to, gave Lingg the meaning of the English words in German. The doomed man said that the let ter was an admirable translation from the original. Turning to an other page of the paper, his eye caught the line. "Lingg will sn.rely hang." Calling Englehart he aahed: "What is the meaning of this word s-u-r e-l-y in German." Englehardt told him and Lingg laughingly ob served, "So, so; I will s u-r-e-l y hang." His manner was such that Englehart joined in the laugh. '-Say," said he to the reporter, "did you see my maenschen?" He was told that Ida Mueller had not been seen. His next query was: "Has schatz, (sweetheart) gone to Springfield?' This question was an swered in the affirmative. He seem ed pleased and remarked that if he could have seen her, he wouid have told her to stay at home. O'Neill, one of the two guards who remained on. duty before Lingg's cell through out the day, declared that Lingg was the coolest man in Cook County jail. He was very pale. but his appetite was good and he slept well. This morning a loud explosion was heard in Lingg's cell.- Immediately after the explosion. Deputy O'Neill rushed into Lingg's cell, which was completely enyeloped in smoke. There he found the young Anarchist lying on his back with great holes in his head, from which the blood was rushing in torrents. He was at once carried into the jail office and placed on a table. lie was still breathing faintly, and while Dr. Gray was examining him be coughed slightly and the blood poured forth again from his terrible wounds arnd from his mouth and nose. Hie did not die until 3 25 p. m. After awhile Jailer Folz made an examination of the cell. On the floor he found the shell of a fulmi nating cap. The sheriff said there had undoubtedly been dynam te in it. The supposition that the man put the shell in his mouth and delib erately applied a candle flame is un doubtedly correct. The explosion was terrific. It startled the ofliciais, who thought it was a bomb, the noise was so great. Thue shell was so small as to have allowed the smug gling of it into the jail without any trouble. EXCITEMIENT IN THlE JAIL. The explosion in Lingg's cell cre ated a decided sensation in the jail. All the prisoners, over two hundred, heard the report. Jailer Folz was the one who carried the news to the other Anarchists. The jailer ap proached Parson's cell. "-Lingg has killed himself," said Mr. F'olz. "Great God ! is that so?" exclaim ers,it's a fact," was the repuly. "Well, my God !" exclaimed Par August Spies was then intorceo of the tragedy. "I expected nothing else," said -Spies quietly. -'Ever since the find ing of' the bombs in his cell last Sun day I was satisfied that if it was pos sible he would make away with him self. For my own and my comrades' sakes I am glad he is out of the way." According to Folz all the remain 4 ing Anarchists are completely down. They look on the suicide of Lingg as placing him in the category of ex treme Anarchists, which place they do not wish to occupy themselves. Schwab became deeply d"pressed. HIe walked up and down his cell with his head on his breast. Engel and Fisher refused to talk to their ke eper, but were evidently almost over whelmed by the tragedy. While it is generally thought u~ ~ nd the jail now that Lingg had all along dletermnined on ending his own life in some tragic way, it is al so believed that for some cause or other he commliittedl the act soonelr than he at first intended. LI1NGG's DEsIRE TO DIE CLEAN. On Tuesday. when Capt. Black was leaving the jail, on his way to Springfield. Lingg called him to the -.- grating opposite his cell, and in bro ken English asked him to see that he had some clean lineni sent him. and be was also very particular that it should be arranged that the messen ger who brought him his clean clothes should arrange to take away his soiled tuings. "-All right. i'll attendc to it," saidi Capt. Black. --W hat es.nl I do fr- you at Springfield?' L,in~r shook his head and said: "o not tirget the clothes. SOw T1 ANA"CUISTS BEuAVED. When the explosion o,currtl all the Anarchist prisoners were on their feet at an instant and every one of them looked staacuned and frightened. Jailer ?Aulz at oces gave orders to have every one of the other cells searched, and 1 rson's cell was the first on which a descent was made. The depu:ies entered his cell, took him by the wrists and shoulders and led hiuu to F'olzs private office. t'here he was detained until his cell was thoroughiy searched and nothing was found. The ex.editor of the Alurn shivered with excitement, fear and curiosity. His face was white and his eyes looked ready to start from their sockets. IIe was in his shi. t and trousers, and a wide felt hat shatded his face. It is believed by some of the reporters that some thing was found on Parsons, although the jail oticials deny this. Parsons was given a new suit of clothes to put on and was taken to another cell, whore he now is with two deputies standing guard over him. One of them stands at the back of the cell and the other at the door. The other men and their ceils were also search. ed, but noth:ng fotnd. When Engel was being searched be completely broke down and cried like a child. HoW LINGG SECRETED HIS FATAL CAPS. Jailer Folz was asked this evening to explain the way in which Lingg kept his dynamite from the eyes of his keepers: Said he: "You know Ling had a very bushy head of hair. It is not without the hounds of possi bility that he placed the cap in his locks and kept it there w'ile we searched him last Sunday. At that time he was stripped completely and my deputies searched all his clothing and could find nothing of a suspi cious character." HOW LINGG KILLED HIMSELF. Jailer Foiz thus explains the man ner in which Lingg took his life. He said: "Lingg in some way iecame possessed of a dynamite cap. This cap is between one inch and one and a half inches lon!. It is made of copper, a-nl the outer end is plugged up vith a piece of lead. The copper for at least half an inch is filled with dynamite. Then a small portion is filled with fulminating powder. Into this powder runs a fuse made of braided cloth. In my opinion Lingg, while lying in bed, reached out his hand, took from his tal}e a lighted candle, then placed the explosive in his mouth, with the fuse outward. This he placed to the candle, and his nortal wound followed. THE SCENE IN THE CELL. The scene in Lingg's cell after the explosion was ghastly. feeth, bits of jawbone, shreds of flesh and blood were scattered all over the narrow compartment. A little trail of blood marked its way over the stone flag ging to the room: where Lingg was carried. Within fifteen minutes after the explosi-.n Fiseber Parsons and Engel were taken from their cells and sarcheud in the jailer's private offieg. All their clothing was taken from thema and new suits, made by the sheriff's~ orders, were given themi. Sherifl Matson says that Lingg was strippedl and carefully searched yes terday andl the (day before. LINGG's HORRIBLE APPEARANCE. Lingg presented a tmost horrible sight with the lower part of his jaw compl)etely torn off and his thick au burn hair still matted with blood. His cheeks were torn out and hung down in jagged pieces upon his neck. His teeth i were knocked out, gums torn away and but a small stump of tongue appeared protru ling from his mangled throat. In the upper part of the throat, immediately under the lower p)art of the jawboue, a terrible gap had been torn out from the in side. THEI FATAL EXPLOSIvE. Turnkey O'N~eill discovered the little agent which had served Lingg to accomplish his terrible work. It vas small fulminating cap a little over an inc'h I>ng It had been filled with fulmninato of mercury, and ca small fuse which is usually attached to these instruments of death, had lighting a cigar. W hen Lingg comn mittedl the deed he was lying on his cot. After the affair, when his cell was searched, another candle was found. At the top of it, barely con caled by the ends of the wick, a secondl fulminating cap was found, so it is supposedl that Lingg's at tempted suicide was committed with one similarly hidden. The condles were furnished by the jail, so that the caps mnst have been pat in by Lingg himself. THEl' woRK oF TILE SURGEONs) As soon as tihe surgeon arrived he oreredI Lings taken to anothier rown. T'he one selected was the hath room of. the jail. The (dying man was carried to this apartment and placed on a hastily improvised table. By this time three other phy sicians hadl arrived. One dressed the torn flash, arother ga.ve attention to the tongue of the miortally wounded man. A portion of the tongue was left and was attached to the palaste. This fell back into the throat stopping Lingg's breathing. TheI physicians pulled this back and a string was attached which was held by a deputy, thus allowing respira tion. WhXile this was going~ on anotheir surgeon o)perated( a deode rizr, another had a syringe in his and and frequently injected por tions of brandy anid again doses ot salt. Morphine inijections we're also given. A SKETCHI OF LINGs CAREER. TL'ngm'sact to-day was in keeping with his past life. In 1883 he was i forced to leave his native town in I Germany. After a good deal of wandering about Germany be finally landed in Switzerland. There he continued to fight the "Blues," as so. cial Democrats are called by the red followers of Most. It was then that the Social Democrat, the official or gan of of the German Socialists, pub lished a notice declaring Lingg to be an informer and spy of the German Government. In 1885 he came to A merica. In New York he stayed only a few days, and then proceeded farther West to Chicago. There be joined the North Side group of In ternationals, and soon began the manufacture of bombs, one of which was used at Haymarket. When two policemen went to arrest him next i day one of them entered his room while the other stayed outside the house. The latter soon heard shouts for help, and running into Lingg's room found the Anarchist had thrown 1 his partner on the floor, and was only prevented from shooting him by the policeman, who had a grip on the pistol which Lingg was endeavoring to use. The second officer, after a desperate struggle, succeded in plac ing handcuffs on Lingg's wrists. f Placing a pistol to his head the po liceman ordered him to come on. but Lingg refused to move and said : "Shoot me! Shoot me !" "It's a pity I did not accommodate him," said the officer who was at the jail this morning, as he stood looking at Lingg. "It might have saved all this trouble." 1 ONE MORE DESPERATE DODGE. The following dispatch was re- 1 ceived by Capt. Black to-night: 1 "NEW YORK, November 10. 1 "Capt. Black, Chicago: I hold proofs showing the sentenced Anar- < chists to be innocent. Guilty man 1 in New York, located. Have tele- I graphed to Governor Oglesby. i Proof is under oath. How shall I i communicate it ? "AUGCSTA P. WAGENER, 59 Third avenue, "Counsellor at i Law." Capt. Black left at 9 o'clock to. night for Springfield, after wiring the New York lawyer to leave there at 4 once for the same poist. FISCIHER'S FAREWELL. NEW YoRK, November 10.-The Freiheit to-day publishes a farewell letter from Adolph Fischer, dated Cook County Jail, Illinois, November 5, and addressed to Anarchist John Most.' He glories in the cause and says "We must show our enemies thai' Anarchists are ready and will ing to die for the cause. I have en orsed and praised our true prin ciples and am ready to go to the scaffold for them." SPIES PLAYS AT SELF-SACRIFICE. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., November 10. -Governor Oglesby has received the following letter, written by Au gust Spies: "CliICAGO, November 6. "To Governor Oglesb.-Sir: The fact that some of us have appealed to you for justice under the pardon ing prorogative. While others have not, should not enter into considera ion in the decision of our case. Some of my friends have asked you for absolutele pardon. They feel the injustice done them so intensely that they cannot reconcile the idea of commutation of sentence with con sciousness of innocence. Others, among them myself, while possessed o' the same feeling of indignation, can perhaps more calmly and dispas sioately look upon the matter as it stands. They do not regard the fact that through a.systematic course of lying, distorting, inventing and slandering, the press has succeeded in creating a sentiment of bitterness and hatred among a great portion of the populace, so that one man, no matter how powerful, how courageous, how just he be, can not possibly over come it. Tihey hold that to overcome that sentiment or the influence there. of would almost be an impossibpit~y. Not wishing, therefore, to plae~ your Excellency in a still m9re~mbarass ing position between.tfe blind fanat icismn of the wisinformed public on the one hand and justice on the other, they c9ncluded to submit the case to ysu.rnconditionally. I implore you 'iot to let this difference of action have any weight with you in determi ning our fate. During our trial the desire of' the prosecutor to slaughter me and let my co-defendants off with a milder punishment was quite ap parent and manifest. It seemed to me, and a great many others, that the prosecutor would be satisfied with one life. State Attorney Grin nell in his argument intimated this very plainly. I care not to protest my innocence of any crime, and of the oue Ilam accused of in particular. I have done that, and leave the rest to the judgment of history. But it is you 1 wish to address myself now, as the alleged arch conspirator,, (leaving the fact that I never have belonged to any kind of conspiracy out of question altogether ) If sacrifice of life there must be, will not my life sufce ? She State's attorney of Cook Countyasked for no more. Take this, then, take my life. I offer it to you, that you may satisfy the fury of a semi barbaric mob, and save those of' my comrades. I know that every one of my comrades is as willing- to die, and perhaps more so than I am. It is not for their sake that I make this prffger, but in the name of hu manity and progress, in the interest of the peaceable, if possible, develop ment of social forces that are des tined to lift our race upon a higher Iand better plane of civilization. In the name of the traditions of our country, I beg you to prevent a seven-fold murder of mun whose on ycrime is that they are idealists; that they1a long fo ahbtter future for til. If legal murder there must be et mine suffice. A. SPIEs. OFF TO THE PENITENTIARY. CHICAGo, November 10.-The she -iff has decided to take Schwab and ielden to the penitentiary at once. 1'hey will be removed to Joilet to. iight strongly guarded by a force of leputy sheriffs. [-H2 SENTENCES OF FEILDEN AND SCHWAB COMMUTED TO IMPRIS ON3IENT FOR LIFE. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., November 10. -The following is the Governor's lecision in full in the Anarchists' ase : EXECUTIVE OFFICE, SPRINGFIELD. November 10. On the 20th day of August, 1886, u the Cook County Criminal Court, august Spies, Albert R. Parsons, 3amuel Fielden, Michael Schwab, Adolph Fischer, George Engel and Louis Lingg were found guilty by ;be verdict of a jury, and afterward ;entenced to be hanged for the mur ler of Matthias J. Degan. An ap eal was taken from such finding and ;entence to the Supreme Court of the state. That Court upon final hear. ng and after mature deliberation af irmed the judgment of the Court )elow. The case now comes before ne by the petition of the defendants 'or consideration as Governor of the tate. If the letters of Albert Par sons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel mnd Louis Lingg, demanding "un ,onditional release," or, as they ex >ress it, "liberty or death," and pro esting in the strongest language Igainst mercy or commutation of sen. ence pronounced against them, can >e considered petit!ons, pardon, could t be granted, which might imply any ;uilc whatever upon the part of either )t them, would not be such vindica ,ion as they demand. Executive in ervention uponthe grounds insisted ipon by the four above named per ions could in no proper sense be leemed an exercise of the constitu ional power to grant reprieves, com nutations and pardons, unless based ipon the belief on my part of their ntire innocence of the crime of which they stand convicted. Careful onsideration of the evidence in the -ecord of the trial of the parties, as ell as of all alleged and claimed for hem outside of the record, has failed o produce upon my mind any im )ression tending to impeach the ver lict of the judgment of the trial Jourt. or of the Supreme Court af irming. the guilt of all these parties. satisfied, therefore, as I am precluded rom considering the question of ommutation of the sentences of A. R. Parsons. Adolph Fischer, George Engel and Louis Lingg to imprison net in the penitentiary, as they emphatically declare they will not iccept such commutation. Samuel Fielden, Michael Schwab nd August Spies unite in a petition or "Executive clemency." Fielden nd Schwab in addition present sep rate and supplementary petitions or commutation of their sentences. While, as said above, I am satisfied f the guilt of all the parties, as found >y the verdict of the jury, which was mustained by the judgments of the Jourts, the most careful consideration f the whole subject leads me to the >onclusion that the sentence of law is to Samuel Fielden and Michael Scwab may be modified as to each f them in the interest of humenity nd without doing violence to public ustice, and as to said Samuel Fielden nd Michael Schwab the sentences ire commuted to imprisonment in the penitentiary for life. As to all the >ther above named 'defendants I lo not feel justified in interfering with the sentence of the Court. While I would gladly have come to a different conclusion in regard to the sentence of defendants August Spies, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, Al bert R. Parsons and Louis Lingg, I regret to say that under a solemn e,nse of my obligations of office I ave been unable to do so. RICHARD J. OGLESBY, Governor. PARSONS, FISCHER, ENGEL AND sPIEs, PAY THE PENALTY OF 'iUIEIPR CRIE -THEIR LAsT NIGHT ON EARTH-HOW THEY MET THEIR DEATH!. COOK COUNTY JAIL, CHi CAGO, Nov. 11.-The Anarchists Parsons, Fis cher, Engel and Spies, the convicted Haymarket murderers, have been throttled by the law-the self same law that they had hoped to throttle. Their scaffold drop fell at 11.54 a. m. to-day. THEIR LAST NIGHT ON EARTH. COOK COUNTY JAIL, CHIICAGo,NOv. 11-2 a. m.-At 1 o'clock a change was made in the death watch. Dep uty Hlartke had been guarding Spies since 8 o'clock. He reported that he had quit6 a long talk with'the Anar chist. Spies declared that he had no reason to be afraid, and then launched forth in a tirade against the courts. He asserted that all the judges who had any connection with the case had reason to tremble, w ile the Anarchists could hold up their heads and walk to death with steady footsteps. The deputy also related the manner in which the Rev. Dr. Bolton was received by Spies. The divine asked him if he would not accept spiritual consolation. Spies, with a haughty shake of his head, de cared that he had no use for any clergyman. "I'll pray for you all night," cried the Doctor. "Pray for yourself," returned Spies; "you need it more than I." At 11 o'clock Spies lay down on his cot and closed his eyes, but he did not sleep. Several times he got up for a drink of water; but his every movement betokened a irmness which was astounding. So it was with the rest of the An archists. Parsons had the nerve to entertain his guard with a song. His selection was "Annie Laurie." le sang the sweet song entirely through, and when be finished rested his bead on his hands for a few moments and then repeated the song. His forti tude was the wonder of all who heard him. Between 1 and 2 o'clock the Sheriff and his assistants tested the gallows. Heavy bags of sand were attached to the ropes and the traps were sprung. The machine worked to perfection and in all respects was satisfactory to the authorities. Then the usual quiet prevailed in the jail. The only noise in the cell room was the low voices of the few deputies, the turn ing of a key in a lock and the rapid ticking of the telegraph instrument which was telling the world of the last hours of the four Anarchists. TILE MARCH TO DEATH. COOK COUNTY JAIL, CHICAGO, Nov. 11.-It lacked just seven min utes and a half of the hour of high noon when a single white shrouded figure, above which was a face of yellowish pallor-the face of August Spies-passed the first post of the gallows. The gaping crowd ten feet below half rose involuntarily from their chairs at the first glimpse of the apparition advancit g across the scaffold. Spies looked calm and glanced at the reporters with a trace of his old time cynical smile. Fol lowing close came Fischer, close enough to touch Spies' shroud, had his hand not been pinioned under the white muslin. Fischer's coun tenance had a peculiar glisten, totally unlike the ashiness of Engel's heavy features. The moment his feet touched the scaffold, Parsons seemed to completely lose his identi ty and to feel that his spirit. was no longer part of his body. He had wrought himself up to an ecstacy of calm self glorification. He, the one American, seemed to realize fully that be must die in a manner to im press, if possible, on all future gen erations the thought that he was a martyr. The quiet form of Engel alongside, with his stupid, wide-jawed face, made a hideous contract to Par sons' assumption of the halo of a martyr. Fischer was a head and shoulders taller than the other three, making his occasional looks of too evident bravado more noticeable than they might otherwise be, and at a sorry disadvantage compared with the steady co'lness of Spies. The latter's exhibition of quiet, thorough nerve far surpassed, as a wonder, tae demeanor of any of his comrades. THE FINAL PnEPARATIONS. The four deputies standing to the rear of the four condemened men be gan without delay to adjust the ropes, Spies' noose being the one first placed. Ile did not appear to regard it of any more consequence than a new linen collar. The knot was slipped down the cord close against his neck. Spies did not show a tre mor, but when the same process was being carried out with Fischer, he turned and quietly whispered to the bailbff some suggestion concerning the rope. Fischer's occasional ardor was quits' noticeable less when lhe felt the hempen strand, and Engel bit his under lip hard when his turn came. Just then Dr. Murphy, a young phy sician. whispered a joke at Engel's ear. Incredible as it may seem, the low browed Anarchist laughed out right, with the rope around his neck and-while another was being fastened on Parsons by his side. But the grotesque laugh stopped in a single instant, and Parsons, meekly as a saint, turned his eyes upward at the dangling line above him. Before the four Anarchists had an inkling of what was to be done, the white caps were deftly slipped upon their heads and drawn quickly down to their necks, shutting off the view of each as completely and with less warning than does the camera cloth of the photographer. LAsT WORDS OF TIIE CONDEMNED MEN. August Spies was the first of the four doomed men to make use of' his wits while he could. In a tone of inte;nse bitterness of spirit, lie, the ran who wrote the infamous revenge circular, hissed out between his tightly clenched teeth, "There will coJme a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices they are strangling to death." The last syllable of Spies' con cluding words, hoarse with suppressed passion, had not reached the end when Engel, raising his voice, wildly cried, "Hurrah for Anarchy !" Fischer caught the fire of utter ance, and still more loudly exclaim ed, "Heirrah for Anarchy !l' adding. "This is the happiest moment of my life." There was a silence like the grave, broken abruptly by the slow, meas' ured intonation of Parsons. like a white-robed priest before the altar of sacrifice. Not a dying request, but rather like a command or a warniug, he sounded forth, "May I be allowed to speak?'' Then, with slow entreaty, came, "Will you let me speak, Sheriff Matson?" There was another ago nizing pause. Muffed through the shroud, broke out in unnatural, hol low accents: "Let the voice of the people be heard !" THE LAST AcT. A crash as of a falling house thun dered through the corridors; the slender ropes were taut. In full view of 200 men in front were four white writhing shrouds. The ropes could be seen slowly tightening about the necks. Nine minutes passed. Then it was known to a certainty that not a neck had been broken. The four Haymarket murderers had been liter ally throttled and strangled by the law which they had defied. FACTS ABOUT TOBACCO. SINE HUNDRED MILLION PERSONS USE THE WEED. fremendous Fortunes Invested in Its Manufacture-Nearly a Half Million Dollars a Day Burned Up In Ci gars in this Country. W. L. Smith in the Baltimore American. Tobacco, introduced into Europe ,y Gonzalo Hernandez de Oviedo xbout 325 years ago, has now become in important article of commerce. [n this country its cultivation, man ufacture and sale haye so rapidly in ,reased as to have already attained nammoth proportions. At least 1,200,000,000 pounds of obacco are annually produced to iutpply the demand of 900,000,000 of he earth's population addicted to its ise. It would seem that out of ev ry 100 persons in England, France rnd Russia 5 are habitual users of to >acco, in Italy 7, in Cuba 11, in Au tria 14, in Germany and North America 15, in Belgium 24, and in [lolland 28. In Mexico nearly ev ry one smokes. There school chil ren who have done best in their studies are frequently rewarded by >eing allowed to smoke a cigar du -ing school hours. In the year 1877 the area under to >acco in the United States was 745, )00 acres. The crop that year imounted to 580,000,000 pounds. val ied at $40,000,000. In 1885 the area under tobacco cultivation was 52,720 acres. The crop that year inounted to 562.736,000 pounds, val ied at $43,265,598. The yield varies ll the way up from 471 pounds in North Carolina to 1,620 pounds per ere in Connecticut, where fertilizers re largely used. The State of Ken ;ucky grows 35 per cent. of the entire obacco crop of the country. The manufacture of tobacco in this -ountry increased in value from $13, )00,000 in 1850 to $117,000,000 in 1880. There are at present in the Jnited States 477 factories where ,hewing and smoking tobacco and snuff are mauufactured, and 7,145 for ,he manufacture of cigars and cigar ttes. The capital invested in the atter is $21,698,549, and in the for ner, $17,207,401. There are em )loyed in these cigar and cigarette actories 49.207 persons over 15 years. )f age, and 4.090 under 15; and in he other tobacco works 25,661 per ions over 15 years of age, and 7,094 inder 15. The total annual value of he products of the cigar and cigar tt factories is $63,989,565, and of he other tobacco establishments 52,793,056. San Francisco has 147 ;obacco works, with a capital invest ;d of $1,687,603, with 3,320 persons )ver 15 years of age, and 198 under 15, employed. The value of the pro lucts of these factories is $3,720,813. [n Chicago there are 290 tobacco vorks, the value of the products eing $3,500,000. In New York ;here are 761 cigar and cigarette fac ;ories, and 17 other tobacco estab .is)menlts, with a capital invested of 6,800000. 15,574 persons over 15 fears of age, and 524 under 15, are amployed. Thbe value of the products >f the cigar and cigarette works uounts to $18,347j08, and of the ther works to $4,320,972. In Baltimore there are 339 facto les for the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff, with a capital invested of $1,17 0,882. The value of the products equals $3,082,. 138. In these establishments are amployed 2,092 persons over 15 years f age and 212 under 15. Fo~r the manfacture of cigars and cigarettes n the same city there are 329 facto ries, with a capital invested of $568,. 282. Thue value of the products amounts to $1,551,014. In these works are employed 1,165 persons aver 15 years of age, and 84 under 15. The factories of the Lorillard to. bacco works, erected in 1875 in Jer sey City, and covering two large blocks, are said to be the largest of the kind in the world. Here 2,500 men, women and children are kept constantly employed. A few years after the erection of the great build ings the sale of the Lorillard plug to bacco exceeded 10,000,000 pounds, while the sales of the snuff and other manufactured tobacco aggregated over 14,000,000 pounds. The firm paid revenue to the Government amounting to $3,500.000. No State in the Union, save Virginia only, manufactured so much, or paid so large a tax. The value ot the exports of tobacco for two years, ended June 30, 1886, was $30,424,908. Thirty-four per cent. of our internal revenue has been paid by the tobacco tax. The tobac co crop is one that rapidly exhausts the land. For every 1,000 pounds o~ he plant grown, 102 pounds of the most valuable constituents of the soil are carried away. For this reason. while at present a fruitful source of revenue to the Government, it will prove before many years to be great ly detri,nental to our national pros perity. Cigar consumption has increased since 1874 at the rate of nearly 60, 000,000 a year. During the year 1879 2.082,356,362 cigars were con sumed in the United States-an av erage of 40 for the inhabitant. It is estimated that 4,8C9,000 of our pop ulation now consume 3,510.898.488 cigars, or an average per smoker of 730 a year. The cost of cigars amounts to two-fifths of the value of the entire consumption of wheat. The average smoker is content with a cigar that retails for five cents. On that basis there is burnt up in this country $480,945 a day, or $14,. 628,727 a monib, or $185.544,724 .a year. In addition to this enormous sum, boys and young men spend for cigarettes $6,500,000; those who pre fer a pipe further sum of $20,000,000, nd those who nse chewing tobacco and snun ou,uuu,uuu more. ao Lnai it is but a moderate estimate to place the annual cost of tobacco to the peo ple of the United States at $252,000, 000. Chewing tobacco is sometimes prepared by soaking the leaf in cheap rum and molasses, with the addition of ammonia and nitre. Some un principled manufacturers, it has been said, first soak the leaf in urine, and afterwards in molasses water, &c. A kind of brown wrapping paper, made especially for the purpose in New York, is largely used for cigar wrap pers. After coming from the mill the paper is saturated with juice pressed from tobacco stems and other offal. Then it is rolled through a machine which gives to it the ap pearance of the tobacco leaf, the pe culiar spots being printed on it as on calico. When this paper is so pre pared is interlapped with broken leaves of tobacco, detection is almost impossible. Havana cigarmakers use this paper in great quantities. Some cargoes from New York con signed to Havana figure up 5,000 reams, and some as high as 30,000 reams of these -prepared cigar wrap pers. It is a well-known fact that cigar ettes are adulterated to a fearful ex tent. Comparatively harmlesa drugs, such as- columba and gentian, are sometimes used in their manufac ture; but' frequently opium and vale rian are to be found in them, forming. with the nicotine of the tobacco, a highly poisonous and dangerous com pound. It is no uncommon practice for young men who habitually smoke cigarettes to consume from eight to twelve an hour, and to keep this up for four or five hours daily. If strong drink is slaying its thousands every year, are not these abominable cigarettes sowing seeds of disease and premature death, and undermin ing the constitutions, and lowering the moral tone of tens of thousands of the boys and youth of our land? Tobacco contains from two to eight per cent. of nicotine, and is the great antagonist of the nervous sys tem. In rare instances tobacco may be useful, as in poultices, as a reme dy for toothache, &c. By the habit ual use of tobacco, however, the teeth are destroyed both by chemical and mechanical action. Smoking accel erates the pulse and slightly elevates the temperature. To the inebriate it would seem that-the use of tobacco is a prolific source of delirium tremens, as previous to' the discovery of the plant, in the year 1560, thbe records show no case of mania potu. The habitual use of tobacco tends to pro duce depression of spirits, melan choly and despondency, the reaction after the over excitement of. the ner vous system; while heartburn, dys pepsia, a" disposition to diarrhcea or costiveness, palpitation of the heart, irritability, and loss of memory usu ally follow. Thirty-eight boys, from nine to fifteen years of age, in the habit of using tobacco, were placed in charge of Dr. G. Decaisne. From his re port it appears that 27 cases out of the 38 cases the effects were very marked; 22 suffered from disturb ance of the blood, palpitation of the heart, deficiencies of the digestion, sluggishness of intellect, and a crav ing more or less for alcoholic stimu lants. In 13 cases there was an in termittent pulse; 12 suffered from frequent bleeding from the nose; 10 complained of agitated sleep and nightmare, -and 4 had ulcerated months. Out of 11 induced to stop 6 were completely restored to natu ral health afer six months, the oth ers suffering. slightly for a year. Treatmet with -iron and quinine gave no satisfactory results. The fact was clearly demonstrated that, in order to the enjoyment of normal health, tobacco must be let alone. That the effects of tobacco on the human system, especially during the growing and developing period of life, are injurious, physicians, with few exceptions, a're perfectly agreed. Dr. Hardwicke, after a long observa tion, says he thinks no one who smokes is perfectly healthy. The late Dr. Twitchell, of New Hamp shire, expressed the opinion that to bacco is doing worse injury to the physical character of the present generation than alcohol. Dr. Na than Allen, a distinguished medical writer, sums up the evil effects of to bacco as follows: "Having made for many years a specialty of the study of the laws of health and disease, I consider this (tobacco) one of the greatest evils of the present day. Language cannot describe the terri ble effects which tobacco produces upon body and mind. It perverts the taste, impairs mental capacity, corrupts moral sense and stimulates the animal nature. But its perni cious effects are not confined to the present generation, nor to this life. Its dreadful evils, through the laws of inheritance, extend to offspring, even to the second, third and fourth generation." Numerous other au thorities might be cited to the same effect, were it necessary. Benjamin Franklin once said: "I never saw a well man, in the exercise of common sense, who would say that tobacco did him any good." He might well have added that it is almost an impossibility to find a to bacco user who will acknowledge that he receives any injury from in dulgence in the habit, though the fact that he is injured by it is patent to all with whom he is threwn in con tact. if high license be right with regard to the liqnor interest, the same prin ciple holds good with regard to the tobacco interest. If total abstinence be the safe and best rule to follow with regard to strong drink, the same rule will be safest and best to follow with regard to tobacco. A TALK WITH TILLEA.1 Disclaims Certain Expressions At tributed to him. Speci.,l to the News and Courier. AUGUSTA. November 10.-Capt. B. R. Tillman was in Augusta to-day. While .here your correspondent met. him and obtained the following short interview. He is just from Colum bia, where he went to attend a meet ing of the executive committee of _X t,he Farmers' Association last night. He complained of the injustice done him in reporting his speeches, and also .laughingly remarked that it '= seemed that if a rabbit were jumped in Oconee or sny county of the State . he had to run by Columbia and give the "Annex" and the agricultural department of South Carolina a boast. . "But," he said, "the facts are on my side and they cannot disprove the :harges of extravagance and incom petence in the management of the bureau." He disclaimed any personal feel ing in the matt,er, and said he was - )nly criticising the act of public of&' :ials handling public money. I asked him if he wanted to cor rect any statements of fact made in the report of his speeches ? He replied : "Yes. In the report of - my speech at Kingstree I said the. agricultural department has cost, P200,000, not the State Agricul- E tural Society. Then I said 33 per ~ :ent of the samples of guano analy sed tell below ehe guarantee, not that guano is 33 per cent be Low the standard. Again, I said the farmers have sold their votes for a ;how-d'ye do" to candi sates, and farmer politicians have sold our rights for the same base :ause while pondering for office and. propitiating the powers that be." "Do you expect to get the agri :ultural college this coming session )f the Legislature?" "No; but we expect to press this matter to vote, and will know how o spot our enemies in the next elec tion. We will meet them at the Democratic primaries-at Philippi." "What about the tariff? You are 3upposed to be a Protectionist!" "I am nothing of the kind. I onlv mentioned the tariff to show what - [ believe to be the real sourck of our - poverty and lack of progress and eo 3how teat tariff reduction, or even free trade, cannot cure the disease. [ am in favor of getting all the.biirt dens removed that we can, ? tariff levied by ignorance, laziness and extravagance keeps aepoor=and will continue to do so till a depar tare be had and our people be taught to diversity their pursuits and our farmers learn to live at home; and the seed must be sown in the - achoolbouse." "I see the Columbia Register says. you met a Waterloo at Marion in in your debate with Ex-Chancellor Johnson." "I don't thinK so, inasmuch as at - the close of the meeting when Col.'' Stackliouse desired to offer a reso ltion to test the sense qf the meet ing, Chancellor Johnson and his friends objected, claiming that it was not fair, I then told Col. Stacki-~ house to call a meeting on salesday in December and give them fair play." ' E. W. B. A Reporter Jailed. Atlanta Evening Journal, Nov. 8. Mr. Ed. C. Bruffey, the well known reporter or the Const itut ion, was be fore the grand jury this morniing, and refused to give information leading to the detection of a grand juror who divulge1 certain secrets of the jury roo'm, which was published in the Constitution, about two mouths - ago. Judge Marshall J. Clarke told Mr. Bruffey he would have to go to jail if he did not answer the questions of the jury. Mr. Bruffey stood firm and he was arrested and put in charge of B.ailiff W. G. Bryant, who was instructed to keep the prisoner under guard until two o'clock this afternoon and bring him before the grand jury again. Mr. Bruffey was allowed to eat his dinner and was then carried back to the court house. He said to a Jour a reporter that be would not give away his information under any con- 2 sideration, and the probability is that he will be sent to jail this after. noon. Later in the day, by the efforts of Capt. E. P. Howell, of the Consti tution, Mr. Bruffey was released un til a hearing could be given him Wednesday. Suggestive Figures. A correspondent of the Atlanta Contitution, who is touring through Alabama, furnishes some suggestive figures. In ten years Alabama bas increased her taxable property from $125,000,000 to $215,000,000.- In the past year Jefferson County alone -of which Birmingham is the coun ty seut-increased $26,000,000 tax values. a larver increase than was- . made by the entire State of Georgia for the same year. The total in crease in the State for the year was u41,691,703. In the settlement for damages by by the Chatsworth disaster, the at torneys concerned seem to have fixed - up the following scale of payment: Husband killed, $2,000; wife killed, $1,400; son injured, $2,600; loss of - eye, $500, etc. Human life is appa rently cheap in that section, and judging from the scale it is more economical to the railroad company to kill a passenger c'etright than it is to maim him,