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te n _j_ ._____ . . ESTABLISHED IN 1.865. .. (., ''II 2s,787' , -* PAY iS(~ rfl~jpp~y____________* BOND ON THE NEW SOUTH. Remarkable Speech Before a Charles ton Audience. .ews and Courier .April 14th. The remarks of Judge Bond in re replying to the toast. "An Indestruc tible Union of Indestructible States," at the supper of the South Carolina Society on Tuesday night, were the subject of much com ment and criticism. Judge Bond, in responding to the toast, said : Mr. President and gentlemen of the South Carolina Society : I was thinking while my friend, the Rcv. Mr. Johnson. was speaking and said that it was an unlucky or a lucky ac cident that he had not been born at the foundation of this society, that it would have been a most unfortunate thing had he descended to us after a century and a half. IIe would have been. like one .of those fossils found in the alluvial soil of my native State, and speaking of the finding of one of which the discoverer said that he had found one of the original ele ments with its tail in its face. I am, indeed, glad that he was not born a century and a half ago, for the es pecial reason that we have him with us now. (Applause.) But I must hasten on to thank this association, this honorable and ancient body, for selecting one so young in this gene ration to reply to this toast, and I hasten the more quickly to do so be cause my bosom is filled with admi ration of the man whose inventive genius found the intellectual ch=wing gum-the toast to the United States -to which I am to respond. (Laugh ter and applause.) Now, they, gave my brother Bryan an easy piece to speak, but I sup pose that was because he was here at the foundation of the society. (Laugh ter.) A celebrated Frenchman who wrote about this Republic when .it was but four-score years of age, in looking philosophically at the United States, said that it was a giant with out bones. Since that time-though I am not going to pronounce its eulogy -the children of this Republic have bound it together with railroads from one end of it to the other, and have stretched the telegraph from one ocean to the other, and the giant's bones have begun to grow and they are of iron and his nerves of tingling steel. (Applause.) A nd so extensive, indeed, is this network of steel that there is not an injury that can be done to the body politie that the sons of the Republic cannot in a day re dress. There is no wound that can be inflicted upon any part of- this great country but that the great forces of nature, with her tingling nerves, cannot flash the intelligence to every part of the Union and cause the great national heart to rnake prompt and generous response. (Ap. plause.) Now what constitutes the great ness. for greatness it must be called, of this Republic? It is not great be cause of its powerful navy, for that might float in a fish-pond, nor of its standing army, which would not make a good skirmish line in case of the attack of one of the smallest States -in the Union. It is great rather be .cause it containes a free people and is supported by the affections of its children (applause); great because she is free, and we have made our selves great in maintairring that free dom. One of the most touching things I read in the sketch of the history of your society was that, even away back in Colonial times, its founders had the same feelings that actuated the founders of the Republic in the North and New England States they were impressed with the impor tance of publicjeducation. (A pplause.) The pioneers.of American_settlement felt that there could not|be a free Re public unless its people were intelli gent, and the first thingathev did was -to establish schools, andl our success has sprung maiy from the establish ment and;maintenance of these pub lie institutions. It is sometim~es said that edu:ation~ makes the common people dissstifid but. as I under stand it. the object of a Republic is that there shall be noE com mon peo pIe (a ppiuse). and that ev-ery 'man shrall standl on an equality before the laiw an-d be independent: of every thing except that law itself. (Ap. plause.) Look at one or the ques. tious of educationi to-day. The United States, or rather the Old Thirteen, gave c'very tenth see tion of certain public lands for the support of public schoolS, and ther they called upon the Old World tt come and build up the waste places and that Old World did come, with its thousands a.nd tens of thousande -sto settle upon this soil, and their chil dren were placed in these pub!i< ?chools, where they were cherishet and fostered and educated. Was it not the liberality of the Old Thirteen States that filled the West with an intelligent, noble and patriotic peo ple? And now comes the proposi tion on the part of the United States to help the citizens of thL :d Thir teen States to educate their children, who by their own bounty educate the people of the West. But then comes along some constitutional objection which holds that it is not within the power of the people to educate the people. Mr. Chairman, i cannot understand it. I cannot see how it is in the power of the people to shoot down a man who does not obey the Constitu t:on of the United States, and that it is not within the power of that peo ple to teach a man to read that Cen stitution. (Applause.) I don't see how it is contrary to the Constitution that the States needing money for the educatian of their children cannot be helped out in this emergency. For popular education at this time, and in the future is, and will be, a para mount consideration. All classes of Europeans are coming . here and spreading themselves over our conti nenta: ter,itory; and here are to be decided the great questions that are now :gitating the world, such as the relations of capital to labor, and the grave social questions thct are vex ing the Old World. These cannot be decided in Europe for the reason of the absence of the. power of free discussion and agitation. The question now is, what part wi:l the men of this generation take in these problems, and can they be solved at all, if the idea of free edu cation is thrust to the bottom in the scale of the principles on which the Republic is founded? The solution of these problems must come by de bate and can never be settled with the sword. But no step forward will ever be taken until we have, by the power of the Republic, extended the blessings of the free schools to every grade of society. It is' in these schools that the children of the Re. public first learn that great principle that the majority must rule, as illus trated even in their games of tops and marbles and other toys. My friend, Gen. Johnston, said that he would not make a speech on education. I will, and I am in favor of the development of every special talent that may exist in the growing generation. If there be one among them who shows a special capability even for the forging of a horseshoe let him have the means of developing that capability. If there be one. o whiom a John C. Calhoun may be made, let him hare tihe op)portunity in a proper school. After all, the people will always work out their own destiny in their own way. They may he, after all, wrong in the means proposed, but they will almost inrvarIably be right and patriotic in their sentiments, and I would earnestly impress it upon thie young men here that they are some day to become a part of the his tory of this country, andl that they will be called upon to extend this system of free education throughout the South, in order that the South. may take its proper place in the great qniestions of the present and future. Not long ago a speech was deliv ered in New York by a speaker from a neighboring State, who spoke of the "New South." Well, whenI came here I looked for this "New~ South." But can that section be called a --New South" which invites here the people of the North to bu3 up our lands and1 mines and coal and iron, and send North for edlucated labor for their development? That reminds me, 3Ir. Chairman, of the Old South that sat on the fence and looked at others at work. (Laughter. I say, Mr. Chairman. that this will never be a New South until it has as much free'education as the West has had at.the expense of the Govern. menit. Never shall it be a New South until its own children delve in its own mines and drag from the earth the miinerals anid or-es that he. long to them. IIave we not still thc J!)d South. und the people at thc North dev-eloping it for thleir own bel. fit? I wish that the young men Iof this land could see with the visioz of that old prophet-I do not meat D)r. Vedder.-the importance of the qu;estion of public education. wsthtthey could see as I do thal in tis so-called New South we are only developing a new race of North erm people in the Old South. Now, Mir. President, I too am im pressed with the st-atement of mn friend on tile left (Capt. Inglesbv that it is n exEremely difficult thin5 to make an after-dinner speechi. congratulate myself that the mos difficult part of mine is over. (Laugli li ter ) I suppose it would be the prope thing for me to say something now about South Carolina, but I don't think too much taffy is good for you. (Laughter.) We have had it to-night, I think, in abundance. (Laughter.) I, too, can appreciate all that is grand and glorious in the history of this State, and I hope the day will soon come when all of her citizens will join in the effort to ring out the old ring in the new; ring out the false ring in the true. I would not that my friends should love Cesar less, but I would that they loved Rome more. (Applause and cheering.) LYNCH LAW AS THE CERBERUS OF OUR SOCIAL SYSTEM. Col: J. L. Orr Gives His Views. Cor. lews and Courier. GRi1ENVILLE, April 21.-lu a talk with Col. James L. Orr, Solicitor of the Eighth Judicial Circuit, yester day, a representative of the -News and Courier asked the ,solicitor a question framed in about these words: "Why are deeds of violence of suci fre quent occurrence in this State ?" The Yorkville lynching was the text of the conversation, but Col. Orr's answer to the interrogatory so com pletely covers the question of the de fects in the criminal law brought into notice by the York County affair that the reporter does not hesitate to reproduce it in this correspondence. As an officer of the Court, who has the reputation of -securing a very large proportion of convictions, Col. Orr is, of course, and avowedly earn estly opposed to lynching. "It is," he said, "Nihilism, Socialism, Anar chism, all in one." How these fre quent resorts to lynch law are to be stopped is one of the gravest prob lems we people, of South Carolina have to contend with to-day. It is here with us, and we have got to set tle it ourselves. But I honestly be lieve the root of the matter has been lost sight of in a great deal of the newspaper talk on the subject." So licitor Orr's views, then, given as they are with a grave feeling of the vital nature of the question, come appro priately in the present state of pub lic opinion. The Solicitor said : "There are several reasons which account for the frequent occurrence of deeds of violence in our State, and in my opinion, the first is that the pubhc sentiment of the State does not frown upon offenders nor demand their punishment. At the two last sessions of the legislature strong ef forts were made to have the criminal -law amended so as to do away with the legal quirks and technicalities behind whIch criminals shelter them selves. Yet both efforts were unsuc cessful and why? Not because the legislature was averse to provide a more speedy and certain punishment for criminals, but because some of the members seemed to forget that they were there as representatives of the good people of the State, rather than as the attorneys of the crimi nals. "The attempt -has been made on several occasions to reduce the number of peremptory challenges from twenty for each defendant on trial. Yet that has always been de feated and why ? Not because it is necessary for the protection of liberty, for the Court would not allow any -man to sit in the jury box who was not impartial, but simply to let the defendant select a jury. The theory of the law is that a defendant may object to any unfair man, but the practice is to select a jury so as to secure an acquittal. The State has but two peremptory challenges, no matter how many defendants are on trial. Each defendant has twenty chalienges, yet the State must have the concurrence of all twelve to se cure a conviction, when the defend ants can prevent a conviction by hay ing one single man on the jury. "But these are not our most se rious troubles. What is the history of nearly all homicide cascs in the Statec? If it is a desperate case, most likely the man runs off; a small re ward is offered for him a week or a month after the affray; a true bill is found, and that's the last of it. unless the States witnesses die or are gotten off, when hie comes back again. But if lhe does 'not run off, things are not rnuen~ better. A coroner repairs to the scene of the homicide, emnpanels a jury, goes through the show of an inquisition in the most perfunctory way, swears what witnesses happen to be on hand, and the jury find a -verdict, as like as not, that the de -ceased came to his death by persons to the jurors unknuown. No further investigation is made by the coroner, anid the papers are sent to the Court of Sessions, to get along with them as best it can.. jury does happen to bring in a ver diet against some man, and their ver dict is a felonious killing, is the ac cused put in jail ? Very rarely. If he is a man of any position or family influence the sheriff, the prisoner and his attorney start off in hot haste to a Circuit or Supreme Judge, and in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the prisoner comes back with an order for bail in his pocket. Bail is guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the State, and is undoubtedly just in certain cases; but the prac ticc of admitting every man to bail who applies for it is one of the great est curses that we labor under to-day. There would be fewer homicides, if people knew that when they took hu. man life they would, at least, have to stay in jail until they were tried. - But there is another objection to it. The motion for bail is heard on affi davits; no proper development of the case can be had, and if the Judge grants bail that is the end of con victing the man of murder, no matter how heinous the crime is proved to be. The Judge has prejudged the case by granting bail. 'It can't be murder, or he would not have bailed him,' and 'he is entitled to every rea sonable doubt.' -At last he is called for trial, and continues his case at his own sweet will and pleasure. Who would think of forcing a man to trial when life is at stake? If it suits his convenience and the jury is satisfactory, he goes to trial. He lays traps all along to catch the Judge in order to get a new trial if he should happen. to be convicted. The State is not allowed to appeal, no matter how flagrant a mistake is made against her in any point of law. It, however, the ac cused is convicted, notice of appeal is at once given and the sentence is suspended by orations of law, no matter how trifling the appeal may be, from six to fifteen months. Here is your punishment 'swift and sure.' If the Judge has made the slightest error, no matter whether the prisoner is actually injured thereby or not, in favorem tice, a ne.v trial is granted. W hen .it.comes, the witnesses for the prosecution are probably scattered to the four. winds of. Heaven, and the criminal goes unwhipt of justice. "But suppose the accused man is finally convicted? What is his pun ishment? If he had stolen a pig, worth a dollar, or a dozen ears of corn from the field, lhe would go to the Penitentiary for a year. If he had broken into a dwelling house at night and stolen a suit of clothes, he would go for ten years. But, if he had killed a man and been found guilty of manslaughter, lie would go for from, say, two to five years. Property is valuable; human life is cheap! Offences against the one must be so severely punished as to discourage it; the other is not so serious a matter. '"If, however, the last legdi ditch is crossed, the sentence is pronounced and the judgment affirmed, the mat ter is not yet settlcd. Applhication is then made to the Governor, and if the offence is only that of killing or wounding a man we find a numerous ly signed petition of prominent citi zens and officers asking a pardon. Without setting forth any matters of investigation or other reason, of dif ferent facts from t'hose passed upon by a Judge and jury, the signers bluntly ask for a pardon and very frequently get it. "Now, is it any wonder that, when a peculiarly wanton or heinous of fence is committed, the people of a community should be distrustful of the law and should rise in their wrath and make the punishment swift and sure? Lynch law is not only most reprehensible, but most dangerous and degrading. .it ought, beyond the shadow of a doubt, to be p)revent ed. A surer way of preventing its recurrence, however, is not by abus ing those who engage in it,. but by the-proper enactments and enforce mnents of the la.w. Give the people assurance that crime will be punished and human life protected, then you will have the only safeguard cgainst lynching. "The people who do the lynching are not the ones who are responsible for the shortcomings of the law. The responsible hparties are the influ ential citizens of each community, those who govern and control the machinery of Government-the legis lative, executive and judicial officers of this State. They have a grave: and most urgent duty to perform; for, until the people become satisfied by experience that personal violence will be speedily and unerringly pun ished, lynching, in outrageous cases, will not onliy be tolerated, but lynch ers will be regarded by the masses as public benefactors rather than Ir. Cleveland and a Second Term. Atlanta Constitution. In Sunday's New York Sun, which n respect of literature and the news, s the most entertaining and instruc ive of our exchanges, we find a few -eferences to Mr. Cleveland and his rospects for a second term in which he name of the Constitution occurs. Jere is an interesting paragraph from he Sun's leading editorial: "Mr. Cleveland has consented to o to a fair in Atlanta :ext October, ad in rapturous gratitude over that act our esteemed contemporary, the Wanta Constitution, announces that, vhether he hopes for a renomination r not, he will get it, and be re-elect d. This is a sort of thoughtless auntiness of expression which must e painful to every man who cares nore for the success of the democrat c party and the extension of demo ratic principles than for the fortunes )f any individual. It is strange and nost unfortunate that any democrat ooking forward to the retention of is party in power should obstinately iuut his eyes to the true and evident ature of the political situation.'' Now, the Sun, as we have said, is n admirable paper, and on a great najority of subjects, it is both wise tnd witty; but we are bound to be ieve that it is mistaken in its esti nate of Mr. Gleveland's strength in ew York State. As a matter of ,ourse, we are not informed as o the facts in the cast'. On the )ther hand, there is no evidence hat the Snn is any better in .irmed, so that the affrmations and enials on the subject must naturally ake the shape of an unneceseary ontroversy. This much is certain-Mr. Cleve and has done nothing whatever to Porfeit the confidence and esteem of he democrats of the country, includ ng New York State. The democrats f Georgir, if we may be permitteed o make the comparis'n, are as sen itive as those of New York, and hey know as well the difference be ween a good and a bad administra ion. They have watched Mr. Cieve land, and they see nothing in his policy to condemn. He has made mistakes here and there, but they amount to nothing when compared to he privilege that the country now has of living under an honest and patriotic administration. We assure the Sun that we did not ntend to be either flippant or jaunty in using the expression to which it efers in the extract quoted above. We repeat, therefore, as solemnly as the Sun and the occasion seems to demand that Mr. Cleveland will be renominated and re-elected. Pen Picture of Detective Fellers. Greenrille Keu-s. Mr. Detective Fellers does not iack much of being seven feet.high, and John IIillbouse, his right har.d man and trusted confidante and chum, reaches a little above his waist, and calls him "Shorty" for short. When Mr. Detective Fellers was seen last night by a representative of the KNets he shored the good ef. fects of the sound night's sleep he had promised himself and taken, and his dark eyes were very bright and alert. Mr. Fellers stretched his long legs with the air of a man who had earned the right to rest himself cor fortably, which appearance went to confirm his statement, printed on yes terday, that lie was in the insid( of his case, has all the clues and threads in his hands and can move and strike as he pleases hecause hv knows where every pound of the stolen goods has gone , who the guilt) ren are and where they are. D)etective Fellers is not a good man to interview. Conversation flows from him about as fluently as cok. molasses does through a narron mouth stone jug. iIe has acquired the habit of hearing what other peo pIe have to say and studying it oves in his mind,,while saying very littlh himself; and what lie does say seerm to hurt him and he hands out facts as if they were ten dollar gold pieces and each the last one he~ had. The C. N and L. R. R. N. G. G. in Keu-s and Courier. A hint to the committee in chargi of the matter of procuring signature: to the petition for an election in aic of the Columbia, Newberry and Lau rens railroad : Do'n't depend on volun teer canvassers, who cannot spart the time for a thorough canvass Engage a coup)le of intelligent canvas sers, put them in buggies and see tha they visit every freeholdar in th< township. Do this before Columbi: is allowed to drop out of notice an< the, road is relinquished to Orang( burg and Le w adale. No really co~ rm plete canvass 4pas been made yet. 31ARRIED WO31EN'S RIGHTS.. An Important Decision by the Supreme Court. Bt -WE THE NEWS AND COVRIER BUREAU, 1 ar 101 MAIN ST., CoLUrBIA, April10. I of The decision of the Supreme Court At filed to-night in the cause of Ault- a ' man, Taylor & Co., et al. vs. J. N. ha Rush and Eugenia J. Rush will make a great sensd.ion in the State and hii unsettie many business transactions. foi It is to the effect that a married woman cannot mortgage her separate B estate for the debt of her husband or go any other person. Thc decision is a I very long one and cannot be copied an to-night, but a hasty scanning of it AE enables the Bureau to furnish the di PJ following outline: The action was founded on two of notes given by defendant and his at wife for the purchase of a steam en- so< gine. These notes were secured by a a mortgage on a tract of land belong- th ing to the separate estate of the wife, which mortgage was executed by the wife, her husband joining therein. Two defences were put up. First, breach of contract; second, no liability on the part of the wife on the notes and mortgage, she being a th married woman. The master in pu equity, to whom the case was referred, no reported that there was no breach th, of the contract. In this report the th, Circuit Judge (Hudson) concurred. se: The master also reported the de- 1 fendant's wife liable, both by the terms of the statute and because the ur contract was for the benefit of her gr separate estate. The circuit Judge he did not concur in the last branch of hi this second section of the report, but Is sustained the master in the first, te holding that the liability of the wife gn was fixed by the mortgage, and he th ordered a foreclosure. te The Supreme Court says: "The at main question in the case is as to the th liability of the wife on her mortgage, oc or rather the liability of her separate te estate for a debt contracted by her an husband, to which she was a party, fe and to secure which she executed the TI mortgage in 'question, although the fu said debt was not contracted for the kt benefit of her separate estate. This an brings up squarely the question sa whether a married woman can mort- m gage Jier separate estate for a debt ,r not contracted for its benefit. . - cr The boundary of the question is the se Constitution and the Act of the p Legislature upon the subject of the ci right of married women." The Court b] then proceeds to examine at length the be constitutional /provisions contained si: in Article 14, Section 8, as follows: t "The real and personal property of a w, married woman held at the time of w her marriage, or that which she may a] thereafter acquire either by gift, grant inheritance, devise or other- b< wise, shall not be subject to levy and c< sale for her husband's debts, but st shall be held as her separate prop- n< erty and may be bequeathed, devised g or alienated by her the same as if c: she were unmarried." The provis- sI ions of law touching upon this ques- si tion are also exhaustively discussed in and the Court decides that tl:e mar- te ried woman has not the right to V mortgage her separate estate for a ir debt not contracted for its benefit. a: The judgment of the Supreme Court ot is that the judgment of the Circuit cl Court be revised and that the case s< be remanded with leave to plaintiff sc to apply below for judgment against ci the defendant, J. N. Bush, for the st amount due on the note. Cdief Jus- st tice Simpson delivered the opinion. ol Justice McGowan filIes a dlissenting vi opinion." gi The practice of having a wife's b< separate estate mortgaged to secure al her husband's debts has been very g prevalent in South Carolina and this y decision will upset it abruptly. h The. Board of Agriculture. t To the Editor of The News and Courier: Permit me to correct an error in your editorial in to-day's ~ issue concerning the establishment a of the experiment stations. . You say: "The board has re ceived several petitions from influen tial agricultural associatiQns to defer making a choice until the Legisla- e ture can review its action in the light b of these new conditions and consid- 5 erations. These petitions, we think, a represent the judgment and wishe.s of a majority of the farmers and other -citizens of the State."s . No sucoh petitions have been re ceived by the board of agriculture, and the board has, therefore, every -reason to assume that it is the do sire of the farmers that the Act oft the Legislature '"authorizing and di recting'' the estabiishment of these stations shall be obeyed. Chairman Board ot Agriculture. I 'olumbia, S. C Apnril 20, 1887. - Death of Dr. Butler. CoLr.1BLt, April 19.-Col. A. P. itler, commissioner of agriculture, s called to Aiken to-day by a tele am announcing the serious illness his eldest son, Dr. P. M. Butler. a later hour Col. Butler received elegram announcing that his son d died at 11 o'clock this morning. >l. Butler left this afternoon for ken. The blow is a severe one to n. Within three years he has lost ir of his children. Mr. Benet, Secretary of the State Lr Association, informs us that Hon. el Prentice Bishop, of Cambridge, ass., has consented to deliver the nual address before the State Bar sociation. Mr. Bishop is quite a 5tinguished jurist, being a Law -ofessor at Harvard and the author several works on criminal law iich are everywhere regarded as thority. We congratulate the As eiation upon obtaining sQ eminent man, in the profession, 'to make eir annual address.-Abbeville Mes 7er. 'E ACHERS' DEPARTMENT. ARTHUR KIBL.R, EDITOR. Teacher's Examinations. It seems to me that there is some ing wanting in this branch of the blic school arrangement. -I am t able to judge, but I have a Dught or two on the subject. Do ese examinations secure ior the Lool the most desirable teacher? iey do not. Regardless of the training or. nat al ability of the applicant, his ;de as a teacher depends upon how may answer a few questions in story, . geography, &c. The point m aiming at is that this is not a fair st of his ability. Also it does not ard against admitting persons into e profession who have no talent for ching, who do not have teaching heart, persons who do not realizee e importance of the position they copy, who do not mean to follow aching more than a year or two d then go into some other pro ssion. This is not as it should be. us State cannot afford to put her tare into the hands of persous who tow nothing about her best interest d care less. - Bishop Huntington ys that this age and country de and of the 'educators of to-day, aen fit and ready for all spots and ises, prompt and busy in affairs, If reliant in danger, genial in dom wy, sharp in the jury box, tena ous in the town meeting, unreduci e in a crowd, tender at the sick id, obliging in the traveling party, rewd and just in -the market." If .e demand is of this nature, should e not make some arrangement by bich to secure instructors .who are >le to meet the demand. But a voice "say we are doing the ist we cad with the money at our >mmand. It is no use to raise the andard, we can't pay for it." I dc >t mean that we must strive to gel ~t men in our public schools whc ~rry around a large roll of "sheel ~in" with a great flourish of Latir utences upon it, but persons hav *the ability to instruct and who in nd to remain in the profession re cannot get this class of person to the school under the preseni -rangemnent. :Really the qualitie her than the literary which shoulc aracterize the- teacher are . noi >ught after in the examination. Per >ns who have shown themselve: >mpetent to teach from a li-terari ,andpoint should be required to per ie a course in Pedagogics. A parl this course should be original in estigation by the teachers, upor ven subjects. I think this shoulb e the subject upon which to hoki mnual examinations. It is the teatest folly to have examination: ear after year upon the subjects o istory, geography, as if a teache: ould forget what he was continuall: iaching. The teachers power lie; rgely in his ability to i~nterest 7hy not require him to understan< lans and methods which would en ble him to do this? I think this woul< 1 a measure cause persons to ente ~aching as a profession. J. M.H. We suppose one reason why teach rs do not write for their column i ecause they have nothing to say yell if that is the reason, we wil sk a question or two. How do you manage your littl< ollows when they get tired an< leepy ? if we let them go out o oors they will get into mischief. What would you do with a bo: rho is falling behind in his class ? How do you secure promptness il he morning ? How do you get your pupils to us ;ood English on the play ground ? If they do not use good Englis~ Do you teach English theoreticall r practiclle ? - What is your personal opinion upon the study of English grammar ? Wh .t interests your pupils most? Do you have a clock in your school room ? Do you prefer a clock to a watch J. M..H The School Term Once More. A fe7 rnre words in -regard to that "school term question," and we are done with it. The free school is a fact in our State, no matter howin. effective it may be. It is our dat i ,then to do the best we can. - 1 The Observer has narrowed " question down to this-: Is th stitution of the State to be. oeyed2 "Mr. Kibler," says the Observer; a.x, vors disobeying the Cdnsti The Observer does not. That'..". to be the only point of difference tween us." We don't doubt 'his loyalty to State, for never should, an edito patriotism be questioned. Thoserr us, however, who sometimes err, it unknowingly,. and even un edly. In sincerity, we do -not'tbi that the Observer meanb to q any one's loyalty to his State andia powers that, be, but' simply man these remarks to express the in forcibly the point at issue. That the State Constitution"sa that the free public school s al kept upon six m6nths at least in year is a fact unquestioned. " The question arises .here, id State make a law and at the ~ time not make the proper p , for the execution of that law ?. pose that a new office is c which requires the entir time man to perform its duties, and very little .money is approp pay for the services of the offees the man be made to serve an and . must the office be kept Certainly not: The State that office practically when it provide for the payment ofar able salary to the officeholder. should not mention office, ,for is one thing. which seems to fasc man, and for the dischargii;a duties of which they are take their pay in glory.) 7 Again let us take a free". illustrate the point. Suppose the teacher of a school gets $50 the public fund, can he be e keep the' school open ffor six at least ? By no means. The does not require this of him. Just as soon as the State faT appropriate a reasonable son the payment of the teacher, it for the time being, by'its own nullifies its own law. It has in bad faith towards one of its % Zens. - Sec. 6, Art. 10, of the Constitn says: "Within five years after first regular session of the Ge Assembly following the of this constitution, it shalIR duty of the General Assembytor vide for the establishment and a port of a normal school which.s be open to all persons who may)wiush to become teachers." Has that scho&i ever been established!i No.- - It has been twenty years neaiy since th'e adoption of Lher Stste Constituion, and still we obey our State's mandates. Wo& fault is it ? Nobody'i. Why? ~? cause the Legislature has 'not f' thought it expedient to approre money for establishing that schooLJ Section 10, Art. 10. of thesan constitution says: "All public schoit colleges, and universities suppert~2 in whole or in part by the publie funds shall be free and open to children of the State, without to race or color." Suppose there is a schooleta1 ed in a community for whif,e dren. There is no colored 's . jin the neighborhood, yet there are few colored children for whom is not>advisable to establish a cEf Are they to go to the samne that the white chi-ldren go to.? r Any white man rather than* this would disobey the law. The two questions that the ver asks are yet to be answered.. .1st. Does the State require a B school to be kept open at months ? W~e answer,. yes. t to provide however for the xu of its own requirement whichi in Ssequence becomes a dead letten. 2nd. Should the constitutioe cobeyed ? Yes, in so far as ther is controlled by the expedient. We hold to the opinion before pressed; pay- the teacher more i month and the schools will be be If the trusteesin a school distrr Sthink that they can run a school six months at least let them do If they do not think they can do then let them do thle best they> r hngg4roper regard for Sec.e~ . 10.i