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'Pub. and Proprietor.A Famnily Paper Devoted to Literature,Tliscellany Xews Agricutr.Mrkt,ec -'L XXII. -**NEWBERRY, S. C ., WEDN-ESDAY, JANURI,L86 - ---- TRE BALD AND NEWS. ON PUBLISHED SIXlMERY WEDNESDAY AT TI :ewberry, s. C. ..--.-One year, $2; six month Tree months, 50 cents; two months to t .t; one month, 20 cents; singl( to ents, payable in advance. ProDG -Look at the printee Prt.1~'~ paper: the date thereoi Beth subscription expires money for renewal at leas ' advance. desiring the address o r changed must give both-th< the new addre-s. OF ADVERT5G.-$I.0 pe: he first Insertion, and 50 ets. pei are for each subsequent insertion, stesaeo ieln. brevier type. ? tices on the local page 1Oc. perline reasonable reduction made for ad I iseuents by the three, six, or twelvE o,s.___. __ AiEVELAND'S MESSAGE. as REPORT OF HIS VIEWS O HE NATION'S 'A1RS. -Me ATI O;N SLVEE COM3 C OTANT MAT to ( 8 ON THE an . Cola . age FROM LAST WEEK.] S ARY ACADEMY Cha regrded as being in B & o efficiency and wel The - satisfactory accom. & Loa 'e purposes of iti ney0 Hall a fact that the 7t 1 - year is an constrained loint u 0 spit Th. seeend 1l s'ia the jethoiA eld at. civil life so that such rday, as exist in these places preachi D. eSmer"ed for such graduates Sisnot probable that there At cost.ngh vacancies to provide fo for them all when the t ness, military school. ware;. th prevailing. lawr-.: one sse not thus assigned to ddty 1- vely enter the military ? It is snested th :1 .ai ubject le change*:thal Rel,hese yenmg me8.sre not R ssigned to duta ter grad. SC Say be retarned as secon 7.3, ts in the army if they,desire dagcurs and under proper rules -ority of selection. The ex. oth;s on account of the.military Y for the last fiscal years ex TIMf the sum taken for its pur ,?m appropriations for the on're $290,712.07. it t approvet: March 3rd, 1885 a y to comnpgnsate offcers and of ' men for loss or private 3"e while in the service of the sin;tates, is so indefinite in its Thid apparently admits of s0 (ims, the adjustment of which bu-.; have been contemplated, ois to remain ut pon the stat. T'4t needs amendmar:. N IGATION MATTERs. gualionld be a general law ol 1' ohibiting the construction 1-ver navigable waters in eas to obstruct naviga. goc ovisionls for preventing SIt seems that under the tatutes the government can ene to prevent such a cor when entered upon without 't, though when such con tcdand granted upon con. ce authority to insist upon ~ition is clear. TIhus it is M*d that while the ofb'cers oI nment are with great care f(Lgainst the obstruction of 'by a bridge across the >i river at Saint Paul, a for a bridge has been b'xilt thsplace, directly in the channel Qf the river. I1 sare to be permitted, a Cument is presented against >riaition of large sums o1 "' mprove the navigation ol ~ther important highways ol OUR NAvXY. ~rt of the Secretary of the Sa hisi.ory of the opera s department and the pres ion of the work committed ge. lie details in full th< sued by him to protect th< ~he government in respeci vessels unfinished at th< :i accession to office, and erni.ng the dispatch boal d aimed to be completed and he acceptance of the de No one can fail to se< I s contained in this report S the operation of business - has been insisted upon ii ent of these subjects, and ver controversy has ariscr rIby the exaction on th< .ie department of contrac1 ~s as they were legally con case of the Dolphin witi tice to the con:tractor. At * has been entered into for the ascertainment by a -. nir of the ani partial compliance with the contracr in her construction, and further pro vidingfor an assessment of any dam ages to which the government may be entitled on account of a partial failure to perform such contract on the payment of the sum still remain ing unpaid upon her price in case_b full performance is adjudged. Thi contractor, by reason of his failur in business, being unable to com 1 plete the other three vessels, the3 were taken possession of by the gov- I ernment in their unfinished state under a clause in the contract per mitting such a course, and are now in process of completion in the yard of the contractor, but under the su pervision of the navy department. Congress at its last session author ized the construction of twq 'addi tional new cruisers and two gunboats, at a cost not exceeding in the aggre gate $2,995,000. The appropriation for this purpose having become available on the first day of July last,-eteps were at once taken for the procurement of such plans for the construction of these vessels as would be likely to insure their usefulness when completed. These are of the utmost importance, considering the constant advance in the art of build ing vessels of this character, and the time. is not lost which is spent in their careful consideration and selec tion. All must admit THE DIPORTANCE OF AN EFFECTIVE NAVY-] to-a nation like ours, having such an extended sea coast to protect, and yet we have not a single vessel of war that could keep the seas against a first class vessel of any important power; such a condition ought not longer to contiue T}e_nation that t ano t g essRon is cons;aitly iee to it. Its foreign policy"is of necesiAf weak, and its negotia tions are conducted with disadvant age be'ease;itis not in a condition to enforee the rms dictated by its sinew of right and justice. Inspired as Inam by the hope showed by all patriotic citizens that the day is not very far distant when our navy will bi sac hsb.odnetndingsmno the nations of the earth and rejoiced at every step that leads in the direc tion of such a consummation. I deem it my duty to especially direct attention of Congress to the close of the report of the Secretary of the Navy in which the humiliating weakness of the present organization of his department is exhibited and the startling abuses and waste of its present,wethods are expressed. The conviction is forced upon us with the certainty of mathematical demonstra tioni that before we proceed further in the restoration of. a navy we need a thoroughly reorganized Navy De partmnent. The fact that within sev enteen years more than seventy-five millions of dollars have been spent in construction, repairs, equipments, and armament of vessels, and the further fact that instead of an effective and creditable fleet, we have only the1 discontent and apprehension of a nation undefended by war vessels, which added to the disclosures now made, do not permit us to doubt that 1 every attempt to revive our navy has this far, for the most part, been mis directed, and all our efforts in that direction have been little better than1 blind groping and expensive aimless follies. Unquestionably, if we are content with the maintenance of a navy de partmnent simply as a shabby orn a mnent to the governmient, a constant watchfulness may prevent some of the scandal and abuse which have found their way into our present or ganization and its incurable wastes Imay, be reduced to the minimum, but if we desire to build ships for present usefulness instead of naval remind2ers of the days that are passed, we must have a department organized for the work, suppalied with all the talant and ugniyour country affords, pre pared to take ad.vantage of the expe rience of other nations, systemnatized so that all effort shall unite and-leadi in one direction -and fully imbued with the conviction, that war vessels, though new are useless, unless they combine all that the ingeuity of man has up to this day brought forth re-i lating to their construction. I earn estly co-nmend this portion of the Secretary's report devoted to tis subject to the attention of Congress in tfie hope that his suggestions touching the reorganization of -his department may be adopted as the first step toward the reconstrurtion of on: navy. THE POSTAL SERVICE. The affairs of the postal service are exhibited by the report of the Post master General, which will be laid before you. The postal revenue; whose ratio of gain upon the rising ty of 1882 and 188hoststrip. aed the necessary expenses of our rowing service, was checked by the eduction in the rates of letter post ige, took effect with the beginning of he act in the latter year, and it liminished during the two past fiscal rears $2,790,000 in about the pro )ortion of $2,270,000 in 1884 to '520,000 in 1885. Natural growth md development having in the mean ,ine increased the expenditure, re >ulIng in a deficiency in the revenue o meet the expenses of the depart rent of $5,22b,000 for the year 1884. :rd $8,133,000 in the last fiscal year. The anticipated and natural revival >f the revenue has been oppressed u.d retarded by the unfavorable busi ess; condition of the country of lIM the postal service is a faithful S1c4tor. The gratifying fact is ;how, however, by the report that >ur eturning -prosperity is marked r gain of $880,000 in the revenue >f-tlt latter half of the last year over he crresponding period of the pre edin; year. The change in the weigh of first class matter which nay h carried for a single* rate of ostap from a half ounce to an unce,and the reduction by one-half )f the rate of newspaper postage which ?nder recent legislation begun with th current year, will operate to estrainthe augmentation of receipts which therwise might have been ,xpectet to such a degree that the ;cale of -xpense may gain upon the evenue ad cause an increased defi. :iency to)e shown at its close. Yet ifter no ing period of re-awakened )rosperity by proper economy it is onfidentl.anticipated that even the )resent lo rates now as favorable is any coutry affords will be ade luate to estain the cost of the Eervice. The opeition of the Postoffice )epartment s for the convenience mLd benefit tf the people, and the nethod by wich they pay the charges f this usefularm of this publie ser ice, so that i shall be just and im )artial, is of 1ss importance to them han the ecoomical expenditure of he means thc provide for its main enance and tl' due improvement of ts agencies, s(that they may enjoy ts highest use:lness. A proper at. ention has bee directed to the pre ,ention of wzxtor extravagance, and rood results ap)ar from the report o have already>een accomplished. -approve the retmmendation of the ?ostmaster Gen'al to reduce the: :barges on domesc money orders of; %5 and less from' cents to 5 cents. ['his change will uterially aid those: >f our people who2ost of all avail hemselves of thinilnstrumentality, >ut to whom the ement of cheap ess is of the greest importance. Withi this reduction te system would till remain self-supirting. The free delivery 'stem has been ~xtended to nineton additional1 ,ities during the yeaand 178 now njoy conveniences. xperience has ~ommended it to thostwho enjoy its >enefits, and further ldgement of ts facilities is due tother commu- 1 ities to which it is adated. In the ities where it has bee established,r aken together with the cal postage, t exceeds its maintena~e by nearly I ~1,300,000. The limit which this ystem is now confined.y law has >een nearly reached, ant.he reasonsC iven justify its extensit, which ist roposed. It was decid, with my ~pprobation after a suffimnt exami iation, to be inexpedit for the 1 ?ostoffce Department to ntract for f arrying our foreign mnailhnder thet Additional authority given; the last longress. The amount liited was1 nadequatc to pay all Thini the t urview of the law the f rate of t ifty cents per mile, andt would a save been unjust and unwi to have r riven it to some and de d it to e >ters. Nor could contr s have Il een let under the law toil at at ate to have brought the tiregate I vithin the appropriation iwitlit such r >ractical pre-arrangement ofrms as e vould have violated it. Th'ate of C ioa and inland postage, wilb was r >roffered under another Intute, s ~learly appears to be a fair vpen. v ation1 for the desired servic eing 1 bree times the price nece y to i1 ecure transportation by other sels E pon sny route and much bey< the t ~harges made to private pers for V ecrvices nmot less burdensome. Some of the steamship comp. es, u pon the refusal of the Pbstr er n seneral to attempt by the r. s o irovided for, the dlistributigin o}es sum appropriated a. an extra in. r >ensation, withdrew the serjiefof'a Lheir vessels and thereby oc .iid a slight .inconvenience, though o-'n. 3 miderable injury, the* been dispatched by '1 Whatever may be fled that it should not be done under cover of an expenditure incident to the administration of a department, .nor should there be any uncertainty as to the recipients of the subsidy, or any discretion left to an executive officer as to its distribution. If such gifts of the public money are to be made for the purpose of aiding any enterprise in the supposed interest of the public, I cannot but think that the amount to be paid, and the bene: ficiary, might be better determined by Congress than in any other way. The international congress of del egatea from postal union countries convened at Lisbon, in Portugal, in February last, and after a session of some weeks the delegates signed a convention amendatory of the present postal union conyentiorn in some par. ticulars designed to advance its pur poses. This additional act has had my approval and will be laid before you with the department report. 1 approve the recommendation of the Postmaster General that another assistant be provided for his depart ment. I invite your consideration to the several other recommendations contained in his report. THE JUDIcIARY. .The reportof the Attorney General contains a history of the conduct of the Department of Justice during the last year and a number of valuable suggestions as to needed legislation, and invite your carefnl attention to the same. The condition of busihess in the courts of the United States is such that there seems to be an im perati""e necessity for remedial legis lation on the subject. Some-of these courts are so overburdened with pending causes that the delays in determining litigation amount often to a denial of justice. Among the plans suggested for relief is one sub. mitted by the Attorney General. Its tnain features are the transfer of all the original jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts to the District Courts and. an increase of judges for the latter where necessary, an addition of judges to the Circuit Courts, and constituting them exclusively courts of-appeal and reasonably limiting appeals thereto, further restrictions of the- right to remove causes from the State to Federal Courts, permit. ting appeals to the Supreme Courts from the courts of the District of Columbia and the Territories only in the same cases as they -re allcwed lfrom the State Courts, and g;uarding ~gainst an increasing number of ap. ?eals from the Circuit Courts. I approve the plan thus outlined, an~d ecommend the legislation necessary For its application to our judicial system. The present work of com-. ensating United States Marshals md District Attorneys should, in my >pion, be changed. They are al owed to charge against the govern. nent certain fees for services, their neome being measu red by the Lmount of such fees within a fixed imit as to their annual aggregate. ['his is a direct inducement for them o make their fees in criminal cases Ls large as possible, in an effort to each the maximum sum permitted. ~s an '.:ntirely natural consequence mscrupulous marshals are foundi arcouraging- frivolous prosecutions, I trresting people on p)etty charges of < rime and transporting them to dis-. ant places for examination and trial e or the purpose of earnimg mileage ndl fees; and district attorneys use- r essly attend criminal examinations I ar from their p)laces of residence for he express purpose of swelling their j ccounts against the governmnent.ia he actual expenses incurr-ed in these ransactions are also charged agrain sfl; he government. Thus the rights nd freedom of our citizens are out- t aged and public expenditures in- t reased for the purpos of furnishing ublic officers p)retext for increasing t be measure of their compensation. n think marshals and district attor eyhhol e paid salaries, aidjus d by' rules, which will make them t ommnensuraie with services fairly t endered. In connection with this o ubject I desire to suggest the ad- n isability, if it be found not oh:ox- c us to constitutional objection, ofp ivesting United States Comnmission- t rs with the power to try and de ermine certain violations of lawi rithin the grade of misdemeanors. c uchi trials might be madle to dependa pon the option o1 the accused. The 1ultiplication of small and technical s Kenses.especially under the provi- t ions of our internal revenue laws ~ider some change in our present t: ystem very desirable in the inter-r sts of humanity as well as economy. r 'he district courts are now crowded It rith petty prosecutions involving a', runishmenit in eases of conviction of nly a slight fine, while the parties y ecused are harassed by an enforced I linane upon courts held hun-, dreds of miles from their homes. If poor and friendless, they are obliged to remain in jail during months, per bsps, that elapse before a session of the conrt is held and are finally brought to trial surrounded by stran gers and with but little real oppor tunity for defense. In the meantime frequently the marshal has charged against the government his fees for an arrest, the transportation of the accused and the exrense of the same and for summoning witnessn before a commissioner, and district attor neys have also made their charge against the government. This abuse in the administration of our criminal law should be remedied. and if the plan herein suggested is not practi cable, some other should be devised. THE MoIRMON PROBLE3M. In the territory of Utah the law of the United States passed for the sup pression of polygamy has been ener getically and faithfully executed du ring the present year with measurely good results, a number of convictions have been secured for unlawful co habitation, and in some cases pleas of guilty have been entered and a slight punishment imposed upon a promise by the accused that they would not again offend against the law nor advise, counsel, aid or abet in any way its violation by others. The Utah commissioners express the opinion based upon such informa tion as they are able to obtain, that but few polygamous marriages have taken place in the. territory during the last year. They further report that while there cannot be found up on the registration lists of voters the name of a man actually guilty of po lygamy, and while none of that class are holding -office, yet at the last election in the territory all the offi cers elected except in one county, were men who, though not actually living in the practice of polygamy, subscribe to the doctrine of polyga mous marriages as a divine revela tion and a law unto all, higher and more binding upon the conscience than any human law, local or nation al. This is the strange spectacle pre sented of a community protected by a Iepublican form of government to which they owe allegiance, sustaining by their suffrages a principle and a b;lief which sets at naught that obli ation of absolute obedienee to the aw of the land, which lies at the oundation of republican institutions. The strength, the perpetuity andl the iestin~y of the nation rest upon our iomes, established byv the law of God. uarded by paren tal care, regulated >y parental authority and sanctified y parena love. These are not the inmes of p)olygamny. The mothers of our land, who rrle he nation as they. mould the charac ers and gTuidle the actions of their ons. live according to God's holy >rdinances. and each secures happi iess in the exclusive love of the ather of her children, shades the varmn light of true womanhood, un >roverted and unplolluted upon all vithi n her pure and wholsome family ircle. These are not th.: cheerless, rushed and unwomanly mothers of olygamyv. The fathers of our famn lies are the best citizens of the Repub c. Wife and children are the sources f patriotism, and conjugal and pa ental affection beget devotion to the ounitry. The man who undet(led with pliu al marriagze is surrounded -in his sin le home with his wife andl children as a stake in the country which. in p)ires him with respect for its laws nd courage for its dlefense. TPhese re not the fathers of p)olygamlous milies. There is no feature of this ractice or the system which sane ons it which is not opposed to all iat is of value to our institutions. There should he no relaxation in le firm but just execution of die law onv in operation, an :! I should be lad to app)rove such further discreet gislation as will rid the coun try of iis blot upon its fair fame. .Since meclpeople upholding .polygamy in ur territories are reinforced by im du~ration from other lands, I rec. ammend that a law be passed to rever:. importation of Miormons into ie country. OV;R AGICIULTURAL INTEREsTs. The agricultural interest of the untry demands just recognition ud liberal encouragement. It sus dins with certainty andl unfailing ~rength our nation's prosperity by le products of its steady toil, and ears its full share of the burden of nxation without-complaint. Our ag culturalists have but slight personal apresentations in the councils of ie nation and are generally content 'ith the humbler duties of citizen hip, and willing to trust to the ounty of nature for a reward of-their abor, but the magnitude and value f this industry is appreciated when the statement is made that of our total annual exports more than three fourths are the products of agricul ture, and of our total population nearly one half are exclusively en gaged in that occupation. The department of Agriculture was created for the purpose of acqui ring and diffusing among the people useful information respecting the subjects it has in charge, and aiding in the cause of intelligent and pro gressive farming by the collection of statistics by testing the virtue and usefulness of new seeds and plants and distributing such as are found desirable among agriculturalists. This and other powers and duties with which this department is invest ed are of the utmost importance, and, if wisely executed, must be of great benefit to the country. The aim of our beneficent government is th(, im provement of the people in every station and the amelioration of their condition. Surcly our agricultural ists should not be neglected. The department established in aid of the farmers of the land should not only be well equipped for the accomplish ment of its purpose,' but those for whose benefit it has been adapted should be encouraged to avail them selves fully of its advantages. The prohibition of the importation into several countries of certain of our animals and their lproducts, based upon the suspicion that health is en dangered in their use and consump. tion suggests the importance of such precautions for the protection of our stock of all kinds against disease as will disarm suspicion' of dcnger and cause the removal of such an injuri ons prohibition. If the laws now in operation are insufficient to accom plish this protection I recommend their amendment to meet the neces sities of the situation, and I commend to the consideration of Congress the suggestions contained in the report of the Commissioner of Agriculture calculated to increase the value and efficiency of this department. TIE CIVIL SEIVICE COMMISSION. The report of the civil service .com mission, which will be submitted, contains an account of the manner in which the civil service law has been executed during the last year, and much v:luable information on this important subject. I am inclined to think that there is no sentiment more general in the minds of the people of our country than a conviction of the correctness of the principles upon which the law enforcing civil service reform is based. In its present con dlition the law regulates only a part of the subordinate public positions t,broug'out tiie country. It aprplies the test of fitness to applicants for these places'hy means of a competi tive examination, and gives large discretion to the commissioners as to the character of the examination, and many other matters connected with its execution. Thus the rules and regulatione~ adopted by the commis sion have much to do with the prac tical usefulness of the statute, and with the results of its application. The people may well trust the Com mission to execute the law with per feirness and with as little irritation as possible. But, of course, no re laxation of the principle which un :lerlies it, and no weakening of the safeguards which surround it, can be expected. Experience in its admin istration will probably suggest the amendment of the methods of its ex ecution, but I venture to hope that .ve shall never again be remitted to the sy-stem which distributes public positions p)urely as rewards for par tisan service. Doubts may well be mntertai ned whether our government could survive the strain of a continu anee of this system,' which, upon every change of administration, in pires an immense army of claimants for offce to lay siege to the patron age of the government, engrossing the time of public officers with their reportunitieCs. spread inrg abroad their contagion of their disappointment and filling the air with the tumult of their discontent. The aliurements of an immense number of officers and places exhib ited to the voters of the land, and the bestowal in recognition of parti :ari activity, debauches the suffrage ad robs political action of its thought 'ul and deliberative character. The evil would increase with the multi >)lication ot officers consequent upon our extension and mahiia for office holding, growing from its indulgence. .would pervade our population so enerally that patriotic purpose, the support of principle, the desire for the public good and solicitude ?o te national welfare, woul' banished from t -. grace ful str .-de5 of office and public place. Civil service reform, enforced by law, came none too soon to check the progress of demoralization. One of its effects, not enough regarded, is the freedom it brings to the politi cal action of those conservative and sober men, who, in fear of the confu sion and risk attending an arbitrary and sudden change in all the public offices with a change of party rule, cast their ballots against such a change. Parties seem to be neces sary, and will long continue to exist; nor can it be now denied that there are legitimate advantages, not dis connected with offiee-holding, which follow party supremacy. While par tisanship continues bitter and pro nounced and supplies so much of mo tive to sentiment and action, it is not fair to hold public officials in charge of important trusts responsi ble for the best results in the per. formance of their duties and yet in sist that they shall rely, in confiden tial and important places, upon the work of those not only opposed to them in political affiliation, but ao steeped in partisan prejudice and rancor that they have no loyalty to their chiefs and no -desire .for their success. Civil service reform does not ex act-this, nor-does it require that those in subordinate positions who fail in yielding their best service, or who are incompetent, should be retained simply because they are in place. The whining of a .clerk discharged for insolence or incompetency, who, though he gained his place by the worst possible operation of the spoils system, suddenly discovers that he is entitled to protection under the sanction of civil service reform, pre, sents an idea no less absurd than the clamor of the applicant who claims the vacant position as his compensation for the most question able party work. The civil service law does not prevent the discharge of the indolent or incompetent clerk, but it does prevent supplying his place with ti.e unfit party worker. Thus, in both these phases, is seen the benefit to the public service, and the ' eopie who desire good govern ient having secured this statute, will not relinquish its benefits with out protest. Nor are they unmind ful of the fact that its full advan tages can only be gained through the complete good faith of those having its execution in charge, and this they will insist upon. I recommend that the salaries &f the civil service commissioners be increased to a sum more nearly com mensurate to their important duties. THlE CONGBEsSIONAL LIBRARY. It is a source of considerable, and not unnatural, discontent that no ad equate provision has yet been made for accommodating the principal li brary for the government. Of the vast collection of books and p)amph lets gathered at the capitol, number-. ing some 3,700,000, exclusive of man uscripts, maps and the products of the graphic arts, also of great. vol aine and value, only about three hun :lred thousatnd volumes, or less than balf the collection are provided with shelf room. The others which are ncreasing at the rate of from twenty Wve to thirty thousand volumes a ear, are not only in.accessible . to he public, hut are subject to serious lamage and deterioration from other ~auses in their p)resent situation. A ~onsideration of the fact that the li rary of the capitol has twice been lestroyed or damaged by fire, its laily increasing value and its imnpor ance as a place of deposit of books mnder the law relating to copyright, nake manifest the necssity of >romnpt action to insure its proper recomUmodation and protection. DIsTRICT OF CoLC3IBIA. My attention has been called to a :ontroversy which has arisen from he condition of the law relating to ailroad facilities in the city of Wash ngton, which has involved the Coin nissioners of the District in much innoyance and trouble. I hope this lifficulty will be promptly settled by ppropriate legislation. The Comn nissioners represent that enough of he revenues of the District are now )m deposit in the Treasury of the Jnited States to repay the sum ad ranced by- the government for sewer mnprovements under the act of June 10 1884. They desire now an ad: rance of the share which ultimately should be borne by the District of he cost of extensive improvements f the city. The total epen hese contempltedJ stimat be nade, the, reimbursed for rebe t e b4t that these be made much h p gether and p general plan..; The in force within the~ e cientand .uncerts Fa S provisions, and ogtto the Tne.Commissionersa. e: L reason, the necessi building for the; use. e o government, which ra ave eure the safety p 1 its valuable books and THlE Pr1ESIDE~& The present eon relating to the Presidency, in disability or removal Preside4t and Vice as to require ummdate 1. This subject has sidered by eC has, been mentabldethfi and v all other ocei fanctvans hacfidaed' demand th permi t. 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