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The Early Tears of rover eveland His 'Birth In Caldwetl, N. J., His School Days, Iiis Inegal Career, His Rise to the Governor ship of New York and His 'Defeat of James G. 'Blaine For the Presidency In 1884. WH K N ( Ii ? pastor <.r tlio 1*1*08? byterinn church In the iitiii? o.wn of Caldwell, N. .1., in is:>7 bestowed up on on<? of his ha bloa (ho on mo of the Itev. Slephen Clrover, u prodo ccHsor In I ho Hiuno pulpit, in- proba bly entertain od not (be remotest dream that the boy would grow up to discord Iiis first name ami heeomo known in world history as 0rover Cleveland, Iwlco president <?r tho United KIiiIon nnd for the remainder ?>r his i;t,? "ihu mos! dis tinguished prh nie ell l/eii in f ho world." The Itov. Stephen !?'. Cleveland and Ji!s wife, who was Ann Nenl, daughter of a Baltimore merehant, had a Inrgo family of children. Tlnvo years after Qrover was born tho family migrated, as preachers' fa in 11 Ion aro wont to do. Parson Cleveland became pastor at PayottOVlllo, N. Y.. and Inter at Clin ton, \. v Tho father died when ('rover was In Ids sixteenth year. The family In.me was then and until the widow Cleveland died in lss'j at Hol land Patent, v \. {'rover Cleveland attended academics at Fayottovlllo and Clinton. lie had nn early iimhltlon to go through Prince ton COllCgO. toil lacked III" funds. lie beenmo clerk and later assistant tench er In the New York Institution For tho Blind, New. y*vk city. Fanny Crosby*, the oololirntod blind hymn w riter, w as a lonelier in .he same School. She and (trover Icenine warm friends. In her rendnls? ences Miss Crosby writes: lie Boomed a very nentln but Intensely nmbltlotifl hoy. AmoitK oilier very plonn nnt chnrnctciistlca which I noticed in hlin I Gltovr.lt cm.vli.AND'm IIIKTIiriiAOE, ?AT.U WBTiti, N. J. OROVRK CLEVELAND IN 1881 am? ms BUFFALO law OFFICKS, ki aciiki? BY staikway. wna n disposition t.> help others whonevori possible Knowlnfl I tin I Ii was a ?;r?-ni favor to mo to havo my i.ins copied neatly nntl IcRlbly, in- offered t'> perform timt service for mo. and I s?vornl times nvnllcd myself of IiIh nIii. One day the principal of the school Upbraided Iho blind woman for using tho ClCI'k*S ,11 mo in thai way. OrovOl' told Miss Crosby that slii> hud a perfect right to employ him In (tinI capacity, Inasmuch es her poems wore used in the school ami also helped to make the Institution bolter known, lie advised her to give the principal soar.; '?plain prose" the next Una; he should re proncll her. WllOll the Official lemon stratcd a second time, Miss Crosby stood for hoc lights and won (he battle. When Cleveland was nhotll eighteen yenrs Old, he paid a vi-it to an undo living In Buffalo, The aiiclo In duced (he boy to remain and help him In compiling the "Amorlean Herd Hook." (JrOVOr assisted In several edi tions of this work. St Hilled law and was admitted to the hnf at the ago of twenty-two. His first official position was that of assistant district attorney, Which he hold for three years, during the civil war, Two of Iiis brothers were In the army, Ol'OVOl' was helping to support his mother mil sisters. Ill* salary was small. When he was draft ed to military service, he hired a rub stltute And remained at work. Later ho was a Candidate for the district at torneyship, but was defeated. Then ho settled down to law practice. In l^T'i ho was Induced to run for sheriff and was elected, serving for three years. After another Intorvni of private citizenship, assiduously devoted to his profession, this bachelor lawyer of forty-four yours was nominated for mayor of Buffalo on tin- Democratic ticket In 1881, 110 bad become known us n careful, hard working, but not brilllallt, lawyer, lie lind no pyro technic, ornamen tal side. I le Kim ply attended to business. Though the Republican state ticket car ried Buffalo by more than 1,000 votes, Cleveland was elected may- ; or by a majority 1 of 3,530. Early In Ids term be be came known as "(Im veto mayor." lit* vetoed many extravagant appropriation wills and saved Ids oily at leant $1,000,000. The siato of Now York soon heard much of tills veto mayor. He had been In oltlce less than a year when the DomoerntH nominated him for govern or New York had not elected a Dem ocratic governor since heforo (he civil Will*. The Republicans nominated ('hnrlos J. Fulger, secretary of tho I treasury In President Arthur's cabinet. Mr. Folget' was regarded as a partic ularly strong candidate, yet Cleveland , was elected governor by a plurality of 102,85-1 over Folger and by a clear ma jority of 151,742 over all the candi dates, .lust after ho voted on election : day he wrote to his brother, the Rev. William Cleveland: if mother woro alive, I should he wrlt Ing in her, an?! I fool ns If It woro u time for mo to write to some one who will l>?- : llevo what l write. ? ? ? I will t.-il you inst of till others tho policy I Intend to ndopt, and that Is to make tho limttor ft business engagement botwoon the peopio and myself, in widen tho obligation on my sldo Is i" perform tho duties nssiKnod mo with nn eye single to tho Interest*! of my employers. I snail hnvo no Idea <>f re election or of nny i.n:!. political prefer ment In my bond, but ho very thankful and happy If I serve unu term ns the poo. i plo'n Rovcrnor. Do you know that if ] mother wer? alive I should feel so much s:if. r. I have always thought Hint h?-r pi ij * ps had much to do with my sue r< ms :i 1 shall export yon to help me In Unit way. Governor Cleveland was precisely like Mayor Cleveland. lie was a busl ness governor. It was said Of htm that la- ran the stale as he would have run a railroad, mastering the details of the business so that he could run It well. The same writer declares that "he not only preached .nioiny, hut he made the state olllclals practice It. Ho vo lood hills until the legislators were wild with rage, and ho forced through civil service reform." tinner Cleveland was cordlnlly disliked by the politicians' In his par ly. Hut his reputation among the poo pie as a plain, prnctlcnblo, businesslike executive had grown so wide that In the summer of 1881, before the expira tion of his gubernatorial term, there was an Insistent cull for him to ac cept that "high political preferment" which In the letter to his brother he had declared was not In his head. The great mass rtf the nomocracy throughout the country believed that Cleveland was honest and that noth ing COtlld tu i him aside from a course which he beueved to be right. lie was nominated for president at the Chica go convention of invs-i, ids Republican opponent being James (}. Hlnlnc. Mr. Cleveland received a small plurality of (he popular voto and an electoral ma jority of thirty-seven. For the first time Since I860 the Democratic party had ? allied the presidential election. A man who two years before was 1111 known beyond his own city and conn ty, a painstaking, laborious lawyer, a ponderous, heavy set "old bachelor,' had entered the lists and swept to de feat "the plumed knight" of twent> years' national ronowu. The First Presidency of rover Cleveland His Inauguration In March, 1885, His Marriage to Aliss Frances Folsom] His Removals For "Of fensive Partisanship," His "Tariff For Revenue Only" Plan and Tito Presidential Campaigns. Ac o o M V a Nl Kl > hy Iiis brother nml sister, (; rii v o r Cleveland (dipped quietly Into Wash ington March -'. : 1885, unit on HlO ?till was Inaugu ! rated ?s president of ilw l'nlted Blutes, succeeding Chester Ahm Ar thin*. T w e n t y elght years bad passed since a l lemocrnt had tak en die oath of of lice as president. Miss Kose Eilsen b p i !i Cleveland, t li 0 president's younger s i s t e r, was mistress of the White House mid therefore "first lady of (he land" dining (be first llftcen mouths of i Ii e administra tion. During this period rumors as (o a Wh I to IIouso brkle flow fust and thick, tin* president having sent elab orate bouquets to Miss "Frauklo" Fol som mi the occasion <>t' the young wo man's graduation from Wells college. Frances Polsum was the daughter of a former low partner of Mr. Cleveland in Puffalo. After her graduation she traveled In Europe. On June 2, 188G\ shortly aller her return to America, she w as married to tho president in the White House. Unusual obstacles beset the presiden tial pathway <>f Cleveland from the moment o( his Inauguration. Shut out from executive favor ior practically a generation, the Democratic politicians were avid for OfllCC. The president sought to adhere to a policy opposed to removal from olllco of competent otii clals except as to heads of divisions mid other Important otllccholdcrs, but the Jacksonlan cry "To the victors be long the spoils!" became so Insistent that the president was Induced to mod ify his policy to tho extent of remov als for "offensive partisanship," a phrase coined by him which speedily be< aine famous. In the light of his tory It must be admitted that "offen sive partisans" in federal OfliCCS were exceedingly numerous in those days. Republican postmasters were slnugh tei od by wholesale, in a storehouse connected with the MllH. CLRVBLAMD IN 183G. GROVEIt CLEVELAND AS PRESIDENT IN 188S. wnr department were many crates of bntlleflngs captured from southern armies. At tbo suggestion of tho ml jutnnt gonernl Mr. Cleveland ordered I that tho flags ho returned to tho states ! from whose regiments they had been 1 captured. Certain Grand Army posts i beciiniO so Indignant that they pQSSOd I resolutions strongly censuring tbo pros ; Ident, with Insinuations Dgfllnsl him I because be had employed a substitute i Instead of going Into Iho army during the war. This Ineldent, wldch took plaeo In 1MK7, was Intensllled In Its ncrl lUOIiy from the <). A. It. side, because the president had vetoed civil war pen sion bills In hundreds of Individual eases wherein he believed the Applicant was not entitled to a pension. He hud become known as "the veto president," as he had been the veto mayor and the veto governor. So harsh was tho clam or evoked by the battlotlag order that the president Issued a frank statement rescinding It. explaining that he had noted without looking up the legal as pect of the case and that In his opinion any direction as to the llnal disposition \ of the cnpturcil Hags should orig inale; wlfli eon gross. Since IhOH many Hags have been returned. President Cleve land In his mes sage io congress in December, ixst, enunciated bis cel ebrated proposi tion of "tariff for revenue on I,v." This was (be most notable incident of Ids lirst term in Oftlco. The mes sage, submitted on I be eve of the presidential nom inations of t^ss, ama/.ed the nation by its bold stand against t lie so call ed protective tar iff. Mr. Cleveland was known to be In a willing mood for reuomlnntlon. His fearlessness In thus dnrluc to alienate tlmt largo wing of tbo De mocracy which bollovod In n high tariff for the support of Americau Industrios was greeted by tho Brit ish press wttli profound admiration. Eminent political economists in the I'nlted States declared this message to lie OU0 of the ablest of presidential pa pers. Tho president's stand for reduc tions in the' tariff on a "revenue only" basis was the subject of much discus sion pro and con for many years fol lowing. Mr. Cleveland received the Demo crutlo nomination for president In ISSS, but was defeated in tbo election by Benjamin Harrison of Indiana. Many Democrats attributed his defeat to his tariff message of 1887. After Mr. Harrison's election and the consequent tirade of criticism from members of I the president's own party Mr. Clev e land sent for the speaker of the bouse of representatives, .lohn Q. Carlisle, a Democrat, and said to him, "If every other man In tint country abandons this Issue, I shall stick to it." Accordingly In the last message of his term he "stuck to" his stand on lite tariff problem, urging congress In lssx-D to enact laws In Hue with his suggestions of the winter before. Cleveland retired to private life March ??, 1880, and settled In New York city for tho practice of tho law. Ho whs not particularly nctlvo lu poll tics after his retirement. In the meantime history was making. Harrison nuu high tariff were In the Huddle. The McKinley act of 1800, In creasing the tariff on wool, tin plate and other products, was followed by high prices for the poor man's noCOSSA lies) of life. Events rapidly were shap lllg themselves toward a vindication of Clrovor Cleveland. The ex president at tended to his law work, and tin* people did the rest. With (ho politi cians, as of old, mostly in opposi tion, the lndcpcnd-Mit Democratic vot ers forced the selection of Clove bind delegates to the national Demo ocrntlc convention of 1802, held In June. "Four more years of Orovor" was the campaign cry. Though the New York delegation opposed him, Mr. Cleveland wmh nominated for tin- presl doncy the third time In succession on the first ballot. President Harrison again was his Republican opponent, Cleveland was elected, receiving 'JT7 electoral votes against 140 for Harrison ami 33 for General Weaver, Populist. The Second Presidency of i ,.- ,?? rover eveland His Fight For the Gold Standard, His *Bond Issues, His Defiance of Great Britain Over the Venezuela 'Boundary, His Support of Palmer and Bttckner and His Home Life In Princeton. -.* AVTKIX an in (crhn of four years In pri vate lifo C!rover Cleveland return ed f> Washington and was Inaugu rated president or the United States on March i. I8IW, for i li o second time. The Cleve land of l-HOtt was \ erydliTerenl from tin- Cleveland of 1885. When lu> Ijo gan Iiis llrsl term he was altogether now to Washing ton and io nation al politics, l lo was practically an un tried man in the wider l ie id ol* statesmanship and was luil jtinl com pleting his forty eighth year, in 1893, at (he very mature ngo of fif ty-six, Mr. ClOVO laud had enjoyed a distinction unlquo in American his lory (lull of being elected president, rcnomlnntcd nnd dofonted nnd again renomlnnted nnd elected. Ho bad Bcrvcd ? no full term, with all (be ex perience in national and International politics which that service entailed. in another and more popularly Inter esting rom-'o the second advent of Cleveland \ras dlfferont. He was now a- thor i: ;!i family man. Tho Cleve land: had a baby, little Ituth, born In Now York Oct. :;. 1801. Her death a few years after |ier parents' retire ment to Princeton, N. .1., was a mat ter <>f ? eneral regret. Mrs. Cleveland during i ho second term furl her endear ed li 'If to the American people. I.x-rRKSIDENT OIjBYBIiAND dttck HUNTINO AT SKVKNTY EX-PRESIDENT CLEVELAND AND IIIS SOX RICHARD. Though Mr. Cleveland novor possess ' cd In a very appreciable1 degree that quality Wlllcll WO call personal mag netism, he was undoubtedly tbo most popular American of bio time when he began his second term as president. When be closed that term and retired permanently to private life ho was one of the most unpopular Americans for the time being, lie had cut loose from his parly and bOCOtno that amazingly unusual thing an executive Independ ent of the powers which made htm. 'fhe great struggle for the maintenance of the gold standard against bimetal lism which Signalised the campaign of 180(1 was taking doflnltO shape. The president SOt himself obstinately to ward maintaining the gold standard. In the summer of 1803 ho called an extra BOfi-ion of congress and pushed through the repeal of the Sherinail act of 1800, under which the government was required to purchase largo quanti ties of silver bullion. The Democracy at large W0S amazed and enraged at this act ion. though a very considerable portion of if Mood with the president on (ho Issue. To maintain (he gold reserve Presi dent Cleveland from lime to time made large Issues of government bonds. Tho placing of BOIUQ of these bonds with New York bankers aroused a cyclone of adverse criticism, Mr. ClOVOlnnd, of course, was In the exact storm cen ter. Several years after his retire ment Mr. Cleveland wrote a Statement explaining the bond 'ales, defending his own course and declaring that he recalled th. OXCCUtlvC (lOtS with (he greatest satl ifAOtlO)), President Cleve land In 1S94 en hanced his Imme diate unpopularity by sending gov ernment troops to Chicago "to pre vent the obstruc tion oT the malls" dining the great rail way strike, .against the pro test of Governor Altgcld of Illinois, who declared that he was able to cope with the sit uation without aid from the federal government. This wan one of the most sensational acts of Cleve land's career. In 1803 ho sent to the senate a mes sage relating to British claims In Venezuela which bristled with bull dog determination to insist upon tho upholding of tho Monroe doctrine even nt the cost of war between the rutted States and England. Ol'ont Britain had refused to submit to 'ar bitration a certain boundary dispute with Venezuela, President Cleveland advised the appointment of a com mission to determine for Itself tho boundary line between tho two coun tries with a view to enforce an ac ceptance of this lino by Great Brit ain. The Monroe doctrine having been accepted from the moment of its pro mulgation by Secretary of Slate John Qulnc.V Adams as a part and parcel of sacred American polity, the entire na tion stood by the president in his plucky stand. Congress also stood by him. England drew lu uor horns and accepted tho situation gracefully. ? (J rover Clovoland for the (lino was ai great popular horo. Ilowovor, ids do-1 font for ronomlnntlon In 1800, had ho a desired the honor, was a foregone con-^ ClUSlOll. Tariff as an issue was tum-, hied into that condition which years bofore Mr. Clovoland had described as "innocuous desuetude." Tho freo coin age of sliver was demanded by tho | Democratic majority. Mr. Cleveland Supported the Palmer and Puckner j "gold Democratic'' ticket. When ha banded over the governmental reins to President William McKinley, March 4, 1807, he stopped out of olllco forever. Mr. Cleveland settled for himself tho problem as to what, to do with an cx presldent by retiring gracefully to Princeton, N. J., In tho shadow of tho great university Which he as a poor boy vainly had hoped to enter. Here ln> built a home nnd grow old with his family of bright young children grow ing up about him. Two mote girls nnd two boyn were born. During and after his presidential terms the Cleveland fishing and duck hunting expeditions supplied much ma terial to the press. In 1003 Mr. Cleveland was hi'roduo ed In Ht. Louts as "the most distin guished private Citizen In tho world." My that tlmo bin political opponents In both of the great parties, generally speaking, had come to look upon him ns a historical figure, and by tho vast majority of Americans I he veuernblo ex -president was rognrded a? a truo patriot, nn honest public servant nnd an able chief executive. ,