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VOL. XVI. NO. 2* . TUE ?1CNERAI, ASSEMBLY 'I ho following summary of legisla tive proceedings during the pasl weeli gives some of the mi?st imporluui dh> ciisdons upon peuding measures: I II I ( IUI.n l.AiioK IjUJ'.sTlON IN Till-: SKNATK. The lull to piohihit child labor in Ihe cotton mills was taken up, ami Senator Henderson, of AiKcn, was the lirst speaker. He said in substance : This is surely an interesting, mo mentous and irrepressible quest ion. Hence, it is our duty as legislators to approach it calmly and dispassionately, and in whatever wo do to endeavor lo act in a conservative a:.d prudent man ner. It is simply the question which has assumed so many phases, shapes and forms in (he unnatural struggle between labor and capital which has always existed and always confronted the lawiuaking power ever sin20 the lirst law was made?Uli natural, because labor cannot piosper without capital and capital canuot thrive without labor. Nevertheless, it is before us, not only for the lirst time, and I am sad to fear UOt for the last tune, and hence il is to be met. That the legislature has the inherent right to regulate and control iho manufacturing industries ol the State, I have no manner of doubt. They del ive their franchises from the Stale; aro creatures of it and aio sub ject to its modifications. But it is un questionable that any restrictions or regulations which may be placed upon such praiseworthy institutions should be prudent, moderate and conserva tive. We should look not only to the interests of such members of the gen eral public who are associated in the discharge of labor with such corpora tions, but to the interests of the cor pOiatioUB as well, and always keeping 111 view that salutary democratic rule, that the best guide in legislation is the greatest good to the greatest number. Railroads have been regulated: tele graphs regulated; express companies regulated; and every pbase of corpor ate life, which has been created by the representatives of the people, when they infringe upon the rights of the people, should be regulated. But a due regard should lie taken to the rights of the ctcature, as ?voll as those who are llung with them in the dis charge -)f the multiform duties which come upon the human race. There was a lime when we had very few railroads in this .State. In the old days before the war, when the Smith Carolina railroad from Charles toil to Augusta was the only railroad in existence, when it took a da\ and a half lo make the trip, with its peculiar shaped engines ami cars, the trafllc of the country and the number of people employed thereon were too small to demand of the Legislature Us interfer ence for the protection of those asso ciated with it, hut as in aller years, that great industry progressed and our country began lo be traversed by the steam power to such an extent that the entire State became interested, and to a certain extent involved in th.* enormous business, it became neces sary to establish a railroad commission for the protection of the people and for the regulation of the railroads. A great hue and cry was raised when this was attempted, and it was claim ed that such a step would be destruc tive to the railroad interests of Iho country, but we did not hesitate to put the legislation into effect, and no one can doubt that a railroad com ;s 8ion, properly conducted, is of the nioJt beneficial effect to the people of the country at large. We are to be con gratulated that in this enlightened day and lime in which wo live, our grand old State stands in the front rank as a manufacturing Stale. The increase of cotton mills in our midst is prodigious. When William Gregg first founded the old Graniteville mill in my own county many years before tho war, the advance which we now perceive and realize would hardly have been pre dicted. The mills have come to the cotton and all of use realize the fact that they are of the greatest advantage to the people of the State of South Caro'ina. Building up our waste places, rehabilitating our towns and our cities, increasing our taxable pro perty, giving CCUpatlOn and homes to our own country people who were not doing well in the sparsely populated agricultural districts of our State. But the very fact of the marvelous increase in this grand department of human in dustry and human development brings with it tho necessity of protection to Ihe vast number of human beings who aro connected with this great industry. That should be administered by the legislature, not in any spirit of hos'i lity, but with a kindly hand and a fostering care lo these industries. Nothing rash should be done, nothing hostile should be enacted; but at the same time proper measure should be taken to insure that the laborers and the corporate powers arc kept in a friendly attitude, and with every temp tation and invitation lo the enactment of strikes and turmoils, to which other States and other countries are subject, Should be kept down. The bill for discussion is 0110 of the many questions which will inevitably aviso out of the uicreasc of this grand industry in our State, i favor the sub stitute proposed by the minority of the committee. That is not a drastic measure; it is not radical; it is not sweeping. It is unquestionably con servative in its tenor and effect, it simply provides that (luring this jear, after a certain date fixed, all children under the age of 10 years should bo prohibited from working in tho cotton mills. That next year all under 11 yours should he so prohibited, and the next year all under 12 years. It furth er provides that no children should he permitted to work in the millsat night, and as a further beneficent clause, Which I had the honor to prepare my self; that any widow who is depondent upon the labor of her child or children und has no other support should be permitted to have those children con tract with Ih ; mill company for then work. Unless it is the determiner policy of the State to shut tho doort of the legislature lo the laboring classct who arc working in these mills man] of them from our own country district and our own people, none of then aliens and foreigners like many of tb laboring classes at tho North, then say that this measure is most moderat and wise. I do not go t<> tho extent of some of tlif sentimentalists oo child ? labor, aud cannot indulge i? point-, of ; tho llgurcs of speech which I have ? heard on the subject, but J submit to all thinking people that no child under lo years ol age thould be worked its tho mills, u is not only bettor for the chilil physically, morally ami intel lectually, but it i? better for the eorpo ration, for unquestionably sooner or later witli such labor they will be sub jeel to suits for damages for accidents. Of course this imitier could be belter solved in our Stale if under the exist ing race conditions we < mid im mediately put into effect compulsory education, but '.o have compulsory ed ucation for whites without the same lor blacks would be unconstitutional, ami to have compulsory education for both i aces would soon deplete our treasury, und we have to face the mat* ter just as we lind it and solve it as well as we can, and 1 think that the j substitute offered by the minority is a Step in the right direction to lead to a proper solution thereof. My judgment , is that this matter will settle itself if , wise (.-onn.sei? prevail, but if passion , and pie judice arc heeded wo must ex- , pect conflict of opinions ami conflict of , interests in future, t Tho child labor question is simply < the tentative is3uc on the mailers I which will in the future arise on this i question. There remains for us to i solve hereafter the larger, more por- ; lentous, ami more troublesome qties- ( lion of hours of labor. It would seem ( that the vast strides that have been i made in the improvement of machin ery In the cotton mills, especially iflhe f Draper looms, ami such other trachin- s cry where the output of mills in a t given time is vastly greater tbau what j it used to be, that it would be a wise i ami proper step on behalf of the manu- i facturers thai some limit in modern- i lion as lo the hours of wages should be , agreed upon by them in order to meet 1 the proper requests of those who work t for them. It is claimed that any re- '] duction in the hou 8 of labor or any 1 enactment on the child labor question \ would place the manufacturers of South i Carolina at a disadvantage, because t her sister States have no labor laws on tho subject. It is always best to meet I a storm before it comes. It is always j best if you want peace to confer with t yom adversary, and it is always best <j on lln: part of capital if you wish coin- i plete success ami the advancement of e interest lo study the welfare of those j who labor for the protection of capital. 1 The gicat manufacturing interests of our Slate are in the hands of chosen n sons of South Carolina, who have been ( trustctl in every station -such men as ? Or, Smyth, Cleveland, Parker, \Vha? ( ley, Barrett ami Hicktuau?and we ., submit to them that it is the part of c wisdom, the part of prudence, and the pan of good judgment, before the year j passes loiiml, to call a conference of v the manufacturers of North Carolina, j South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama . and enact prudent regulations as lo the hours of labor ami the system of labor, ami the fruit of euch a conference, ic duccd to regulations ami agreement ami afterwards put into law, will tell J for years ami years !<> come in the fu? v lure. ' No trouble so far to any appreciable , extent has existed bei ween the labor- ? era and the manufacturers of tins coun try, hut unless they are kept by wise concessions upon an amicable basis, as the industry grows, an we hope it will j grow, in marvelous proportions, to thai j extent the danger of friction will grow ;] less. j I tlo not know whether this substi- j tute or any bill upon this question will ' pass this Legislature. 1 have my doubts t about it from what I have heard upon t the subject, but I do know that the , discussion of the question without pas- . sion and without prejudice ought to bring about some action by thom who j have it within their power to bring . peace and quiet in our midst. THE OTHER stl>K. t Senator Dean said that a law which 'J is not based on the necessities of the I people is an improper law. lie had s listened to the different speeches in i favor of the bill and had heard but little teal argument showing the no- ? ceesity for such legislation. From 1 thousands of people who have not yet I lost their manhood and self-respect j conies the plea to this body "let. us < alone; let us manage our affairs as t other free men." The conditions of \ the farm people in nio9t sections of the 1 country are far jvorse than around the i mills, and in maoy sections of the i State a cotton mill WOild be a god- i send. I lo spoke of the mill people in < the Piedmont section, and said that for < morality and good citizenship they < would compare favorably with any I people in the Suite. lu his section there was no such poverty and igno- i ranee as that spokon of by snme of the I Senators, anil he denied that there was i any cruelly to children in the nulls in i Ihc upper part of ihe State. Kvcry man has the right to rogu- 1 late his affairs. Shall we legislate pa rental care and affection into parents ? The cotton mill operative loves his children just as dearly as any Senator on this floor loves his own, and he loves them anil feels pride Ci them the same as other people. The demand for labor is so great now that it is not a question on the part of mill presidents as to how they can grind and overwork their hands, but the problem is how to mai.'1 their work pleasant and attractive so tliey may retain tluir help. South Carolina leads in textile manufacturing because of the fairness and jnslico of our laws, but she cannot continue to lead if we throw a fire hi and into those foiccs which have don i so much to build up our Slate. , Referring to the charge that lliero ? had been lobbying on this question, he i said there had been no undue lobbying, i and he denied that the operatives > were slaves or serfs who were afraid ? to oxpress themselves for tho bill if r they desired it. Thero were inon here I lobbying for the bill who admitted that ? their expenses were being paid by la s bor unions. Thia whole movement ,? seems lo have originated in Augusta, s tia , where thero havobecn strikes and a lockouts innumerable. This should he ? sufllcicnt warning to us. Tho relations I between labor and capital in this State c aro pleasant and harmonious, and will continue so if these unwise and frlc ItOU-prodUCiDg laW8 are let alone. Wet ate playing with dynamite when we | go to putting such laws on our statute i>ooks. They will bring about trouble and friction which do not now exist. In his judgment <> pass such a law. wo ild lie the most unwise sli p the Legislature ever took. MKIMi At. STUDENT'S HILL. Senator Dean moved lo strike out the enacting words of the medical student exemption hill and proceeded to argue against it. lie said thitty States in the Union had examining hoards, ami there must he some neces sity for it, and these hoards stand be tween the people and incompetence. The enact incut Ol this law would lower tho standard of excellence m Ibis State. Six students of ibis College failed lasl year and with the law us proposed there would bo six incom peteut doctors turned loose in the ! State. Senator Ciaydon favored the bill, , reviewing legislation on Ihe subject, Haying that the proposed law had been the law in South Carolina for nearly 1 tine hundred years, until comparatively 1 recent years, and no revolution or any change will be made by the adoption ' of Ibis law. The board may ask a lot ' [>f theoretical questions, which they 1 themselves could net answer if they 1 were undergoing examination, and for 1 i student, who has graduated with au s iverage of 75 per cent, to fail on such * piestioas is no evidence that he is in- f competent so far as practicing medicine : s concerned. Senator Blakeney opposed the bill, * laying thai every medical college ' mould stand on its own footing, and 1 he passage of this law would be a con- ' ession of weakness on the part of the 1 acuity. When the faculty opposed 1 he bill it showed that they were will- 1 ng for their graduates to stand any ' way. The passage of the bill would 1 )c in the public mind an evidence s hat the standard had been lowered. ' The State board is a safeguard against * liunbuggery within and coining force Vlthout the Stale and a restriction can. I lot be too stringent in medical prac- ? ice. Senator Manning also opposed the a )ill and regretted that he had to op- c lose the wishes of his young friends, v or the passage of this bill would be a v lislinct backward sicp. In behalf ol |: he State board he would say that the ? ixaminatidD8 had been fair and on j iractical questions. lie though I this ? ill was a lamentable error. '. Senator May field favored the bill. , This institution is one that the Slate 1 night to be proud of. There is just ? is much reason why a graduate of this Jollege should be allowed lo practice is student graduates in law at the South Carolina College. The Medical " Jollege is well equipped and the work . s thorough ami wed done. He was villing to aid the College to make it c letter equipped, rather than do any hing which would retard its growth * nd usefulness. SonalOl Henderson opposed the bill. Ic could uot understand why these {, roung gentlemen, with such great ad- , 'untnges, should object to standing an ? ixamlnalion. What objection can ( here be? This is not a Slide instilu- v ton and why should laws be passed v louccrning institutions which are be- e ?ond our jurisdiction? As to the 8 irgumont ahout lawyers being ad- v nilted, there is a great difference t) letween the two piofessions. The v awyer's practice is in public and he r advances or falls as he shows himself it, but who knows what a physician j s doing, whether the dose he gives 0 vill kill or not? Ho declared that ?j he board was competent to examine 8 he graduates Of this eminent inslitu- s ion. Mr. Henderson made a very a trong speech. ^ Senator Glenn opposed the bill and le could see no reason why the law ., !u in It I be changed. The law as it j iiaods is a Step forward in protecting - he people against incompetent doctors. The fact that the students seem to be I if raid to stand the examination is a itrong reason why this bill should be lasscd. j Senator Ilderton favoreil the bill, H laying that the only opposition lo the )ill came from the medical board, and ic charged that they were actuated by f jealously. He denied most omphati- . ?ally that the College turned out any nen unlit to practice. Tho Senators , ivho have been preaching all these | 'uneral sermons don't know any Illing nore ahout medicine than a cat does ibout Sunday. He charged that i most of the Stato board were not j competent to examine these stu dents. The rejcclion of this bill j would aid the Medical Association in , killing Ihe College. Senator Burnwr.ll had a resolution j read from the faculty endorsing the bill. He oppoSO.l Ihe bill last year hi- j cause the faculty did. He supported . it now because the College has for . years without aid offered young men an opportunity to become physicians. . The faculty has lengthened the term , lo four years and in thus Strengthen- . ing the standard they showed thoin- , selves worthy of confidence. Tlie men who have prevented the College , from going down are the '.ion whose judgment he respects ami he will vote as they desire. Senator Grubor said he hod been oppose'. io this bill, but ^having been aaaurfd that n > advantage would be taken by Ibis legislation to lessen ihe terms or lower the standard he had changed his mind on being assured that nothing of the kind would ever bo done, ami he offered an ainendineiit last week to that effect. Sonator Stanland closed the debate, paying a compliment to the faculty. On a motion to strike out the enncting clause tho Senato refused to do so by a vote of 10 to 14. as follows: Ayes?Aldrich, Appelt, Blakeney, Brice, Dean, Douglass, Goodwin, Henderson, Hcrndon, Manning, Mower, JStackhousc, Sullivan, Walker. Nnys?Barnwoll, Brantloy, Brown, Caughmnn, Guinea, Grajdon, Grtibcr, Hay, Hough, Hydrick, Ilderton, May licld, Moore, Sharp, Stanland, Talbird. Senator Gruber's amendment pre venting the lowering the standard of years for giaduation was adopted. DOUBLING TDK PENSION FUND. Capt. Brooks called up.lna Confeder ate pension bill, which sought to in crease the pent loa fund from ?100,000 to $160,000. Gen.Jauies, of Darlluglou, for the committee, fully explained the blM, and in a business-like manner went over the whole situation. The general classes of pensioners have gotten the following amounts; 1880, $2!l 40; 1800, $24 20; 1801, $-2:i; 1802, $23; 189.-1, $22; 1805, $21 76; 1800, Class C, $10 Ii?; 1897, Class C, $H> :i?; 1000, Class C, $12 .!(). Mr. James said tins was the critical period In the State pensions and he felt the time would soon arrive when no pensions at all would be needed, lie paid a high tribute to the gallant old soldiers and said the lists were now increasing. Mr. H?cker, of Anderson, wanted Hie appropriation raised to $200,000. lie did not believe any county would 'bject to the increase and it was need* d. In Georgia the pension fund has Jeen $494 000, and recently it was raised to $004,000. He urged eloquent y that tin- amendment be adopted. Mr. Kit/. Hugh McMasler said when ,he soldiers rushed to the front they lid not ask what would be the cost, lie doubted if any one would oppose he bill. Men like those in the Legis? aturodo not need these pensions, but here are those who do need them, lie vas eure South Carolina and the sons >1 the old soldiers would "do them* iclvcs proud" by voting for the $'200, )00 appropriation. Mr. McMastcr's ipeech was bilef, but full of eloquonce tud line sentiment. The distinguished gentleman from i jSreonwood, Capt. .1 II. Brooks, said ; dr. McMastw, does not make this cquost for himself, but for needy el low veterans, whom he knows need I he assistance asked for. In fact the I inly thing that I have ever heard of he gentleman from Greenwood asking I or himself was, when on the Held of I Kittle, mangled and bleeding from I everal wounds, lie asked, with what 1 i'as thought to be Ins dying breath, ' hat his body be not borne to the rear, 1 ml that it be laid on the breastworks I o aid in shielding his fellow soldiers j rom Federal builds. i Mr. EOrd suggested that debate be i djourued until the supply bill was ' onsidorcd. It would be well to sec * dlOther the additional appropriation rould increase tholevy oi not. He was < iOlOpposed to the bill, but wanted the 1 latter to go over. He moved load- 1 mini the debate. Lost. 1 Mr. Denn, of Spartanburg, was deep- ? f interested in the bill and was de- : ghlcd to sec the youm,' men standing 1 y the veterans. He was delighted t r'ith the amendment increasing the I und to s-JOlI,U(I0. t Mr. IClird said he was not opposing ? lie measure, lie simply wanted to call llention to the. condition. He had 1 lie most intense love for tho old sol- i icrs, bul al the same time wanted to I onsider the taxpayers. t Mr. .1. Harvey Wilsen, of Suintcr, 1 aid he wanted to stand on the side rack and see the procession of young ? ion go by. lie was delighted that t raetical'.y every member was either i D old soldier or Ihr son of one. When I Iiis bill is passed it is the duly of the i lOinbors to see that the money goes to I tlOSO who need it, and not to those t dio merely deserve it, for all who I rorlhily wore the grey deserve il. He i specially charged the young men to I ee that the (und when appropriated is i roll expend id. Next to his kin he es- ( Domed those who fought side by side rilh him. He spoke with intense t Deling. t Mr. Galluchal said there was sonic- i hing deep down in the heart of the I Id soldier that made him eloquent, i 'he question was whether the levy i houhl be raised or let the old soldier ? tarveon, for he is too proud to beg ml too noble to steal. He wanted i he hill unanimously adopted. i Mr. Strom said that even if the ap- I iropriation necessitated an incieased i avy he would favor the bill. As the i on of a noble sire he wanted the < oung men to take up the bill and pass L. The hill was right and ought to i iass at once. < Mr. Nichols, of Laurcns, wanted the ?200,(10(1 given freely und willingly, i ml lei the world know that it was I ;tven without a dissenting voice. Mr. Bearagunrd,as a young member, avored the bill and wanted it passed without objection by the young men. Mr. Robinson, of Anderson, wanted omelhing done that would really help, le thought something ought to be lone for those who weio really de litUtO. The old soldiers arc fast pass ng away and this help will not long le asked for. Capt. Ilrooks, as the author of the )ill, was deeply touched to see such a pirit from the young men of the \ssenibly, and to thank God the Stale iad such noble sons of illustrious sires. Mr. Hanks, ;.s an old soldier, was anx ous for the bill to pass. He would role for the $200,000, hut did not vant the bill jeopardized. Mr. Richardson, of Clarendon, favor id giving tho full $200,000. He was villing to vote for an increased levy if lccesoary to pay this small sum to ,hoae noble soldiers. Capt. Orum, of Bamberg, favored ihe bill most heartily. Mr. (ieorge K. l'rince wus a son of a Tour-year soldier and a private. He felt that the State owed these veterans iv debt of gratitude and he always felt as if lie ought to raise his hat to every old soldier. The State should honor its veterans, but the question now is wheth er we should take two steps at once. It would be well enough to go from $100,000 to $150,000 to-day and later on go higher if necessary. This fund was not necessary for deserving vcto rans, but for those who aro in need. Those men cannot be paid for their tine merit and deserts. The record and glory m:ide cannot ho counted in dollars and cents. All that can now bo done is to help the needy. He favored n l advaneo to $160,000 at this lime aim if next winter more be need ed it can be voted. He was not fright ened with the eiy of a tux levy. It wan always with him a question of ac tual necossiiy and not to step too rapidly. Mr. Hill, of Colloton, made his lirat speech to-day. Tho old veterana asked him for such help. If thero waa any one thing for which he would vote it wn? for this appropriation. Mr. Bichards, of Korshaw, favored Iho most liberal appropriation for Iho old soldiers. Tliore Beeinod to be no economy in holding down ibo appro priation for these old soldiers. Mr. Cooper, of LaurcUS, sr.id tin steps have beeu so slowly taken that it was time now to step quickly. There would never he more old soldiers than there are to-day. Mr. Bacol favored the amendment and wanted the money heartily given. I Mr. Bucket's amendment lo raise tho pension appropriation from 8100,- 1 000 to ?200,000 was adopted bv a vote ' of !il to 24, Scve.al members wanted t<> call the yeas and nays, but the call was not . made. Mr. Brooks's bill sought lo raise the - appropriation from $100,000 to $150,? 000, but Mr. H?cker raised tin: amount to $200,000 and this amendment being adopted the bill was passed lixirg the appropriation at $200,000. VANDERBILT KfcPT A HOTEL. His Descendants are Now Worth Many Millions of Dollars The marriage of a young Vender hilt bar. set all the gossips of New Btunswick, N. J., talking about the days when one of the millionaire's an ces'.ors kept a very good hotel on the llaritau river, near Unit classic city. It was here that Commodore Vnu derbilt,the great grandfather of Alfred Gwynnc, who married Miss Elsie French, was liiino host of tho old Bcl lonia hotel. The great grandson hud u half million dollar wedding. His shrewd forbear dealt whiskey over the bar at ten cents a glass, and in this way helped lo make his lirst thousand dollars and found the colossal family Tot tune. The old hotel is a New Brunswick landmark now. Half the old liars and most aged inhabitants in town will lell !iow the}'drank wil b him, but rarely at Iiis expense, for thai is not the way in which fortunes are founded. The 11oiid is now a tenement house. Ii ihow8 the wrinkles of age. its ancient glory is gone. Its only use, except as t tenement, is thai it serves to point a moral and adorn Ihe tales of the chin whiskered fraternity who retail remini? sconces to al! coiners. But in the old days when the Van lerbilt w ho was to become commodore ? ?y and by, ran ii the Bellonia hotel ivas one of the most important slopping daces ami one of the best paying prop ?lies in the Slate. The New York md New Brunswick Freight company mi a line of passenger and freight (loops between New Brunswick down he Itaiitail liver to the. bay and thence o New York city, landing at the Mat cry every alternate day. A trip by sloop from New York lo ' Urunswick in those days was almost as , nomcutotlS an event as is a jaunt lo ICuropo now. Mr. Vanderbilt caught he passengers going and coining and , )Uf them up at bis well-appointed inn. | Travelers waited at the Bellonia for str iving or departing boats or lor Ihe ? mach lo Philadelphia, stretching their |\ egs before a big log lire or drank hot :oddy in the barroom, mixed by the good wife of the original Vandorbilt, a mxom, homely soul *who knew how o brew a punch that would warm the icart of the weary guest. Klopillg ?ouples sojourned under the Vandcr jilt roof, and statesmen of the Burr uid Hamilton type who loved Hie cheer ' )f the Bellonia. It was while conducting this hotel ' hat Commodore Vnndcrbilt took his irst lessons in the held there was for a railroad. He saw the demand for a ?etter mode of travel than couch and doop. Be had taken the hotel by the id vice of William Gibbons, president ?f the New York and New Brunswick Freight company. The hotel was built in ISO.", and bad passed into the hands jf the company. Before he became a boniface he dredged oysteis for a liv ing in the llaritau bay. He was noted for his skill and daring as an t>y8terman. Ono stormy night in winter Presi dent Gibbons, of the Transportation company, arrived at Berth Amboy and wanted lo cross the Staten Island sound to Toltonvillo. None of the boatmen at Perth Amboy would con sider nu offer to row him across until Vandorbilt was seen. He said thai he would take the job. The sea in the sound was running high and the trip was very dangerous, but both men finally landed in safety on Ihe Stalen Island shore. As it happened Gibbous hud an appointment with a lady among tho fashionable Stuten Islanders this night and he appreciated the bravery of young Vamlerbill in rowing him across the dangerous waters in time not to disappoint the lady, and there upon made him the captain and part owner of a small oyster sloop. Ono successful season put young Vanderbilt in control of a little capital, and Gibbons, who had always remain ed his firm friend, advised him lo as sume the management of the Bellonia hotel, which was then in need of a manager. Vanderbilt did Ibis and be gan to make money at once. His wife attended Ihe hotel and served the in creasing trade with good, well-cooked food and enticing drinks, while Van derbilt worked us captain on one of the freight boats of the Transportation company, this position, too, coming lo him through Gibbon's patronage. it was in 1825 that Vanderbilt as sumed charge of tho Bellonia hotel. For many years he conducted it, aided by his wife. Then, with increasing good foi tune, Mrs. Vandorbilt desired to change the hotel quarters for a pri vate residence, ami the family moved to a house a few hundred yards north of Ihe hotel. There they lived for many years. N. Y. Journal? The chief supply of drink to grow ing plante is moist ire brought up from below by capillary action, and therein consists the necessity of pulverizing the soil thoroughly before planting, and continuous surface cultivation afterward. WuCtls aro sometimes counted as a blessing because their presence compels the farmer to con tinue really necessary cultivation which ho might otherwise feel justified in omitting lo the dcterlment of the crop. OABTOniA. ?eaw the 1 ho Kind You Hars Always Bougtit 1111,1, ARP ON IGHORANCR. An lvducution is Now Easy Old Text Books Bring Back Old I Daya. Sixty yearn ago there was some ex cuse lor ignorance; wc had l>u! few Bchools in this Southern land and not a do/on newspapers in the Stale. There wore not half as many reading hooka in all OUI town as I have now in my small library of 100 volumes. In nur schools wc had a blue hack spelling hook, Smilcy'a arithmetic. Murray's grammar, Smith's geography ami the English reader. To master these was considered a good old Iii Id educatio . I have on my shelf a copy of that same old English reader. A good lad, sent it to me not long ago, am) I almost wept over its delightful pages, for there is no school hook now published that has so choice a selection of varied reading both it. prose and poetry. I have a letter from tiu old gentleman in Flotilla asking where he will lind a litlle poem thai his mother taught him and some of which he has forgotten. " It begins," he said, " l'ity llie sorrows of a poor old man." 1 do not know where he will lind it, except in the old English reader. It was written in 17'iO by Thomas Moss, and was quoted by Dr. Johnsou and Goldsmith. Both loved the pathetic, anil nothing more pathetic was ever written. Pity the sorrow of a poor old man Whoso trembling limits have liorn him lo your door, Whose days are dwindled to the ?bortest span ; Ah! give relict and Heaven will Idess your store. Those tattered clothes my poverty be speak ; These hoary looks proclaim Illy length ened years, And many a furrow in my grlef-WOril check Has been the channel to a Hood of tears. Oh. take me (<? your hospitable home, Keen blows the wind and pierehm is the cold ; Short is my passage to the friendly tomb, For I am poor and miserably old. These are some of the verses, ami in another occurs the line oflOU quoted : " A pampered menial drove me from the door.' This copy of Murray's English reader was printed in London two years before OjUOOn Victoria was born. It was the text book in most of the schools when I was a boy, and from it we got our speeches and learned how to how ami gesture and gi e a< - ' cent and emphasis. This book, with Iho teacher's aid, ga o us an idea ol elocution and how to read impressively, iit'.tl I wish it was in all our schools to day. Wo have good scholars, but very few good readers. It is rare lo (lud n preacher who can emphasize his text hi a chapter or a hymn. Every col lege, ntld especially every theological seminary, should have a ptofcssorshlp of reading ami speaking. I remember . hearing an eloquent divine preach a ; sermon from the text, "My sin is ever ( before mo," and such was his utterance i>f that Inmentalion of David and such bin profound ami solemn rendering of , Iho enduring consequences of sin, that all his hearers were deeply impressed. 1 My sin is ever before mo" still rings , in our mem rics. I said that sixty years ago there was some excuse for ignorance, but never theless, thill age ami those schools pro duced mauy very notable men. The young people were eager for knowl edge. A new book was a treasure in the house, and there was more lime, more lcisiue, and .Solomon says that " in leisure there is wisdom." But now the books arc almost in the way. I'hcy crowd us ami surround US, and " the cry is, still they conic." Young people road an average of two or three a week, ami forget the con tents in a month. There arc maga zines in every household, and they contain our best literature- instruc tive ami entertaining; newspapers llood the country by the millions. The New York World boasts that it published 240 million copies last year. Every county In our state has a coun ty newspaper, and the editor of the Carrollton paper says the children n ail a great deal more than their fathers did and keep up with wars ami politics and murders ami suicides. 'I ben what is the matter. Bishop Candlor wrote an excellent und in structive article recently on "The pass ing of great men." He never writes anything that does not give us food for thought, and I am thankful that he has not passed. Yfct the day of great men has passed, not only in GCOlgia, but in all tho South. Eloquence in the pulpit, the forum and the councils of the nation forty and llfty years ago was our pride and our boast, when we had among our preachers such noble and true men as GeorgO Pierce, Dr. Means, Long6lrcot, JeSSO Mercer, Na than Crawford, Dr. Tucker, Bishops Elliott and Beckwilh, Josoph Stiles, Dr. Nixson, Dr. Colliding, and such lawyers and statesmen as Eotsyth, Troup, tho two Cobbs, Jenkins, Toombs, Stephens. Johnson, Walter Colqtlitt and Ben Dill. There are twenty names given, and many more might be added, and it is a lamentable truth that their equals do not exist in Georgia today. This decay of great men is apparent in every Southern Slat:, ami as for the North, there is nothing there now but plutocrats who buy their way into public office and defy trial or criticism. The struggle for money is iho curse of Iho age. Ii has smothered tho nobler aspirations of our nature " Cot money; gel money honestly if thou canst, but at all I events get money " is now the tnolto. I The common people want some, and the plutocrats want more. The masses of the people arc on a strain. I am OHO of them, and I know how it is, for I have been on a strain ever since the war. It is buckle ami tongue to keep in hailing distance of society. So many of our class have a rich man's Ways and a poor man's purse that We have U) hang on lo the r igged edge of gentility. There arc so many things nowadays that we ate jusi obliged to have?Illings that did not exist in our antebellum days. Our boys must go to college to get a smattering of books and a full text of athletics. Our girls must go to get polish and make college friends ami receive vists ami return visits aflor they gradualo, and it Inked money for clothes ami money for rail road fare, ami every now and then (I girl vets married and chooses her col lege mates for hor attendants, and thai lakes more clothes and a wedding pre sent, and so foith, a id so iiIt It mid sixth, and so (>n. Oh, my country 1 When will tins strain stop? There ought to lie a miser in every family, or a rich <>id bachelor uuelo who carried a h'g li ?? [U8urance, and would <lu- jus? til the right time and leave a fortune lo his iinpecunio s sisters <>r his nieces' Why. if I had a good hank account l<? draw on, I could write a moie cheerful letter and take a hopeful view of iIiiiil's and keep calm and serene; hut as it Is, 1 lind myself lmu|.ning those Wi si Poilll cadets, and I want those I'illg' leaders I'.atiy, and Mockery, and Duval? handed down to posterity as the champion ha/.ers, and their names put in a catalogue ulougside of the Duke of Alvn to illustrate human htu lality. I Jut I didn't mean to say anythii g hard about the Tech hoys who have been suspended. I have great hope for that institution, and admiration for the manner in which the boys received their discipline. Nobody thinks ai;\ less of ihem, for there was nothing mean or cruel in I heir thoughtless con duct, and every outside father sustains Mr. Lymilll Hall and the faculty. Of course, their molheis are deeply ag grieved. They always are when their sons aro punished; that is a natural j and beautiful trait in a mother's character, She clings to her boys, re gardless of whether they are right or wrong. She is like a llgre8S when robbed of her whelps. I Iipvc received several letters If mi the mothers of , those boys, and they defend them with earnest indignation. 0.110 of them . concludes with, -'.now, I am the moth er of one of those boys you wrote about, i and if you wish to play Diogenes, bring on your c ue."' Hut we have made friends, for she is a lady and a mother, ', and the poet says: ?' A mother is a mother still, The noiilcst thin?.' alive." Hut 1 am not Diogenes, and it was i not the mother, but the father that he < caned, and 1 have I10l received a line t from any of them. Itll.t. Altl*. ( I*. S.?We seo that General Charles I King, ol the United Siu.es aimy, is j not only apologizing lor the West I'oinl I hazing, but is defending them, and i says ii doseu't matter much, for boys t Will be boys. lie writes in I lie Satin- < day Kvening Post, audit is the poorest < effort to excuse brutality 1 ever read, t I reckon he was well paid for it. I JEFFERSON AND MARSHALL. The Antagonism Between the . Two Statesmen?Trial of Aaron Burr. The celebration of the centennial ' anniversary ol the accession ol .Mar- , shal as Chief .Justice of the Supreme Court of Ihe United States, writes W. E. Curtis in ihe Chicago Record, re vives interest m the circumstances j eon nee ted with his appointment, and llie bitter loud that existed between JcffcrbOn and himself, .lefforsoi) was about ten years older than Marshall; they were born in the same neighbor hood; both studied law with George Wythe in WMhamsburg: Marshall was ' his student at the time Jefferson and Wythe were engaged in the prepara tion of a new code for Virginia. Jof- . f01 soil took a great interest in men younger than himself, particularly , Marshall, Madison and Monroe, who were his neighbors. While Jefferson was United states miuislcr in I'aris, Marshall and Madison became mem hers of the Virginia Assembly and the most conspicuous politicians in the State. Both were enthusiastic advo cates of the new constitution, and more than any oilier citizens were re sponsible for its ratification by Vir- ' ginin. Jefferson did not like the con stitution, although he objected more to what was omitted than to what was included in that instrument, and from tin; legation ill I'aris he kept thundering away at Madison, Marshall and other friends on the subject. Madi son was a very amiable man. Marshall was not, and resented Jefferson's at tempts to dictate. When Mr. J offer sou returned to America to become Secretary of Slate he resumed his in IlllCllCO over Madison, but Marshall had grown away from bun, and in the cabinet quarrels that followed took the part of Washington and Hamilton. Pheir alienation became permanent, while Marshall's criticisms of Jeffer son's altitude and policy as Secretary of State made them enemies. When Marshall was sent to Paris, during the Vice 1'residency of Jeffer son, the latter was jealous, and criti cised the manner in which lie. managed is mission. When Marshall returned to New York the leaders of Iho Federal party gave bun an ovation, and Con gress tendered him a public dinner, at which Millions for Defense, but Not a Cent for Tribute ' was one of the sentiments in tho list of toasts, li was the Iiisi time that this familiar phrase appeared in print. Mr. Jefferson wrote a spiteful letter about Marshall, which made the hitler very angry. Marshall went home ami ran for C >ngto.<s, and was opposed by Mr. Jefferson, who cubed him a '?mon archist" nod "an unprincipled and impudent Federal build.ig." Toward the end of the. Adams administration Mr, Marshall was appointed Secretary I of Slate, and while occupying that of I lice, a fow days before the inaugura tion of Mr. Jcfforsou, was nominated Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Mr. Jefferson considered this an inva sion of his rights and prerogatives, [to said it was >'an outrage on de cency." He held that President Adams should not have filled so Important an Office just before the expiration of his term, but should have left the appoint ment lo be made by his successor. But Mr. Adams never lost an OppOlliinily lo put a friend in ollico, ami Judge Marshall as Secretary of Stale assisted and SlippOIled him lo the best of his ability. Mr. Jefferson also resented the ap pointment of Mr. Marshall as Chief OASTOIIIA. I Bear* the yO 1tlB K|ful Ym Hub Always Bougfil To produce the })(-st results in fruit, vegetable or grain, the fertilizer used must contain enough Potash. For partic ulars see our pamphlets. We send thorn fi tie. HERMAN K \l l \\'< >RKS| Niitouu St., New V..rk. Justice because ho ?v.ts uot ouly n po litical but a personal enemy. He came from his own stnto and neighbor hood, and had formerly been one ol his disciples. There was no man in public life ai thai lime more obnoxious lo him not oven Hamilton himself. l-'Of these rens ns it was a dramatic situation when John Marshall ap peared for the lil'St time in the robes of the Chief Justice, having boon sworn in hut a few moments before, lor his lirst olllcinl act to ad.ninislor I lie nath of olllce as President of the United states to his bitterest enemy. Jell'er ?on and Marshall were hull) men of loo much dignity to allow their per iounl nnitnosilies to interfere with a solemn ceremonial of this kind, and Lhoy treated each other with profound respect. During the eight years following the 1'rcsideut and Hie Churl Justice were ?onttnually at war. Mr. Jefferson \v.,s ipposcd to a permanent jtuliciary: he iViinled to amend the const it in ion by :hanging the lile tenure of jutlges to onus of lour ami six years and sub ject IhciU to removal by the I'resitlenl, ike all other ollicials of the govern? nent, on the theory Ihn life ollloes were contrary to the spirit of rcpub'.i ?an institutions, lie indulged in fre pit ut criticisms of the court, ami par ieulntiy Judge MaishulPs intcrprctn itttis of the consliluiion, which were not at all in accordance with Ins views. He accused Marshall of Hying to over awe Congress and td desiring "to l?e ?ome an itl(|Uisiloi' on the Ircedom ttl speech, of writing and of principle." Ho was compelled to com (be word ? lwistilications " to tlclllie Mar-hall's construction of the constitution, ami referred to'?the cuuniog sophistries with which he is able to enshroud him self." "The Supreme Court <d Iho United stales,"' im said. '? can be com pared lo a subtle corps of sappers ami miners, constantly working under ground io undermine the foundation if our government and the imlcpcn lent rights of the State and lo conceit, rale ail power in the hands of thai government in which they have so im [lortnilt a freehold stake." Naturally Judge Marshall did lud relis!) these criticisms from the Proai lont, but from his lofty posilion upon he bond) he could afford lo forgot per sonal animosities ami did not permit Ins interpretation of (he constitution [o be influenced by Mich considera tions, but he. never lost a chance lo make Mr. Jefferson unhappy, and ihc trial Of Aaron Burr afforded an oppor tunity lo torment him. The apparent indilToroiicc of Presi dent Jefferson lo the Burr conspiracy when all the rest of the country was excited and alarmed has never been explained and probably never will be. He made light of it in his message lo Congress and in his private correspon dence. He compared Burr to Don Quixote, but when the crisis came the President discovered, lo his chagrin and alarm, thai his bitterest enemies were to be the chief actors in Iho great historic drama enacted In ihc courts at Richmond. The rcntless liandolph of Itoanokc was the foreman of the grand jury, and nobody hated Jcfl'orson more thai) he; John Marshall, who was even more formidable as an enemy, although n*t so vicious and vindictive, was the presiding judge, and Jefferson believed that they conspired lo lorco him into the altitude of at) altomcy for the de fense. There is m> evidence that JctVei'SOII had any sympathy with or knowledge of Hun's plans, but he unconsciously promoted them by the assignment of (ion. Wilkinson, Burr's most intimate friend, i<> tho governorship of Ihc now Louisiana territory and by Iho ap pointment of Burr's brother-in-law as secretary to the new governineiil and Ids stepson lo bo judge of the princi pal court at New Orleans. These re lations of the Vice President were ap pointed to oiiice in dcllntice ol Jeffor son's long ami loud Seinions ngniiisl nepotism and his theoretical opposi tion to the union of civil and military authority. Marshall and Killldolpll were easily able lo conned Jefferson's appointees with BlUT, and there is no doubt that they intended lo outran ihc President himself in the conspiracy jusl as Secretary Blistow III I.S7? inod to involve President Uraht in Ihc fra ids of the whisky ring at St. (.oil Upon the application ol Bandolpli, Justice Marshall issued a silbpociiu re quiring the attendance of Iho Presi dent of the United states as a witness for tho prosecution ol Burr, and they proposed by cross-examination l>> OX tort from him admissions thai would cause his political r.iin. Mr. Jefferson refused to obey the subpoena, shield ing himself behind his prerogatives ami hoi.Img that the constitution made the tin co coordinate branches ol I he government independent of ouch other. A careful study of Ihc incidents and circumstances connected with this case does not increase one's respect either for Jefferson or Marshall, i>m politi cians were very bitter ami had Very bad manners in those days. <_> ufk. m i' *o iT. x jn.. ll)tlM /) II.? Knal Vnii Ham Ai.s.i, i.