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VQL- XHI ____ LAURENS. S C, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15,1898. 1 ~ / j?o. 39./' THE LIQUOR QUESTION IN THE HOUSt. AN EARNEST U ED ATE <>N THE ALL-ABSORBING TOl'IG. * in- Dispensary, IUkIi Ltoeuse und Prohibition Ail Have Their Cham pions?Tho Dlsouselon Waxes Warm and the SpeukorH Grow Eloquent? At the conclusion of tho third read* ins bills, Mr. Childs culled fur the spe Ola) order of tho day, his hill " to pro vide for tho election of a Stato board of control, und to further regulato tho bitlo, use, consumption, transportation und disposition of intoxicating ui.d alcoholic liquors of liquids in this Stute, for medical, scientific and roc ehunicul use only, and prescribe f >it - ther penalties for violation of tho dis pensary laws, and to police the same," Mr. Stevenson stated that the p ud lug question .was :' , I'olloek's ub- | stituto hill which bad boon offered as an amendment to Mr. Childs' bill. As Mr. Pollock was uuito unwell and might be for several day8, Mr S'ov< n son asked permission to withdraw Mr. i'olloek's amendment trom the tiles. The house granted his request. Mr. Garris?I feel th;it in this di> cussion those of us who oppose this bill will have trouble to make our selves understood, lam unwilling to have It said that 1 favor liquor Boiling in Soutli Carolina. Hut when 1 give my assent to any measure which pro poses to prohibit the Mile of liquor as a beverage 1 must give it to a bill which purports to be more restrictive than the one before us. This bill is not a prohibition bill. In section one there aro throe classes of liquor sell ing not declared to be against the morals, safety and society of the State. First. Importation for personal use. Wo cannot under tho ruling of the courts prohibit tho importation for per sonal use. This furnishes to the illict liquor dealer tbo permission to Hood the State with liquor. Second. Those liquors bought fro n tho authorized State agent. If one class is wrong so is another, and the moral of affairs will not bo changed under this law. Third. All liquor examined by btate chemists and found pure. From studying this bill it seems like but an attempt to reform the dispen sarv law. How many meu who voted for prohibition, did not vote for pollti cal purposes ? How many liquor deal ers voted1.for piohih'tion in order that they might sell the stulT without bav- ' ing to pay a license ? This bill contemplates a State board of control of lire members, also dis- ! pensers in each county. If there is to 1 bo no revenue, where is the good senso ] in adopting such a bill. If a man buys for medicinal purposes be is as much entitled to it cheap as the druggist. I Then whero is the revenue. In my humble judgment wo would have free ' whiskey instead of prohibition. Wo ' should pass our laws, not from senti ment, but from cool, calculating busi ness. They talk of the danger to our 1 sons from tho continuance of tho dis pensary I an? '.'esnonsinlo to my son for my views. 1 had rather my son, if I ho must drink, buy from tho dispen i sary in a manly, open way than to i aneak around to blind tigers. The dis- i pensary law is not infallible. Kvon 1 friends of the dispensary law have a i right to complain. Ilowover, it re- | lievea whiskey selling from tho in- i famous retailing system also of gaming i tables and other vicious accessories, i Tho laboring man on his way from i work after sundown oan tind no olaco , to spend his money legitimately for liquor. Among the objections to tho ! law are the granting of beer privileges and of hotel privileges. i A great deal more of tho poverty of South Carolina lies at the door of i whiskey than belongs there. Tho cry of widow anil orphan can he heard from i other causes than whiskey. Hloody ' usury of the money lenders has caused ; more people to go out Into a friendless world than whiskey ever caused. Tnere aro honest money lenders and thore aro honest merchants, but there are i hundreds who arc gra3ping. '* Mr. Yeldell?I am a prohibitionist i and have always beeu. Eighty per cent of crime in the State is caused by this hellish BtuiT. Thousands of our brightest young men die from this cause. It invades our homes und our society. All around us we see its ef fects. It destroys health and life. It brings down youth to tho grave. Makes wives widows and children Orphans. Though I am a prohibition ist, yet I feel called upon to lay aside my hoarts desires and to express my self as favori.ig tho present system rather than a muck prohibition. I was a member in 181)2, and was anxious for a prohibition law to bo en acted. It is very fortunate for tho cause that prohibition was not carried. Thousands of the best people in South Carolina have looked arms with the liquor men and have brought about this unfortunato state of affairs in which they hope to wreck the dispen sary. Tho result will bo baneful to prohibition. Mr. McCullough felt that ho would ho recreant to his feelings and to tho good people of South Carolina not to oxpress his views on this subject. He replied to Mr. Garris who was opposed to tho particular mcuaures of this particular bill, but does not say wheth er he will vote for a eloan cut prohibi tion law. Mr. Childa' bill knocks out tho salo of liquor as a boverago and also tho foaturo of profit. Tho Stato entera Into an unsoemly acramblo in tho courts of South Carolina over tho rights to sell liquor. Ho bolieves that the dispensary aystom is wrong. Tho Stato of South Carolina haa no right to do that which is wrong for tho in dividual oitix.on. Mr. Yeldell states that although tho principles of tho dlaponaary are wrong, yet good results may accruo from it. Hero ho recited an incident in tho life of Abraham Lincoln, in which that great Amorlcan btalod that ho would rather die than to accomplish good through evil raoansi. Passing by tho State disponaary o?ory day ho could soo barrels upon barrola of liquor com ing in, and for what purpose ? To make drunkards drunkor? No, to mako tho sober drunk, for tho drunkards Is prohibited. Bettor sell to tho drunkard-, and not to tho sober. What is tho objoct of government V To develop man. The dispensary Is a part of our government. Look at tho picture. Tho state's educational In stitutions developing whll s the State's dlsponsaty lb u^olng tho work. It is wrong to punish crimo, and yet to legalize tho cause, for doing wrong. The Stato of South Carolina ought not to open an institution which her citizens cannot patronize without being Improved. It'Is claimed ' hat If the State docsn'tsell liquor, eomohody will. Is there any argument In that ? No more than there is in justifying one's self for klllliig a man beoauso somoone else will murder him. Law Is education. If you pa*s a pro hibition law, it will be violated, but it Bwls^B^S^B^HbVj^B^B^B^D^B^B^B^Hi^B^BH will, in time to come, bo curried" out In reply to Mrj^JbfnVrris' saying thn.1 j prohibition ^n0/t7 nut iprohibit, bo re I cited the o??6 ifi Iii bio history of tht spies beim? seAt oujf to inspect tht promised land. I Thcff rotu.rned saying it was a bi autifin TOhd, lloftring witfi milk und honey, bdlt theijywero terrf bio giants there. ^Taob^vtf^aats wore subsequently overcome-bytnojhildren of Israel, Prohibition, ull admit, is a beautiful land, bufcatn'jro are terrible slants, thoy^^piwr Why can wo not overcora^|jp^lants V If this measuroXg^jajylPHrv prayer? for its BUO cess will go up from hovels and from happy homes, but tbo dispensary law is not and will not be sustained by prayer. Mr. Crum : Wo have a condition which confronts us. Which is hotter, prohibition, license or tho dispensary V Barnwell County bad tried all three, anil carried prohbition overwhelming ly. They appointed a committee to enforce tho law. Several indictments were beforo tbo grand jury at once j and everyone .vas thrown out. Wo had two glasses of prohibitionists, one who lad voted for it because they thought it right, tho other, tho bar room keepers, who could run barrooms without licenses. When tho law was enacted, tho tigors were at first very caroful, but afterwards more bold. When tbo dispensary was tried in Barnwell, it was proved to bo more of a prohibition measure than prohibi tion itself. Its openness keeps thous ands from drinking. Wo missed the r cling walk of drunkards. It has boon said that w-j ought not to soil to sober men but to drunkards. The nly thing wo can do is to lot drunkards drink und educate tho rising generation not to drink. It will cost a mint of money to cnf.xco prohibition and without a nickel of profit. How then enforce it without increasing taxes? Will tbo people endure it'.-' No the dispensary law will ultimately tend to prohibition, aud it pays its own expenses. Mr. Livingston offered au amend ment which does away with the sale for medicinal purposes In Mr. Childs' bill and makes it even more prohibi tory. Mr. Livlngton: What I say will not change any votes, for your minds arc already made up, but I will be untrue to my constituents if I did not raiso my voice for prohibition. For f>0 years, not within tho confines ol my county, has tho disturber of the homes of men been authorized by law. I do not mean to say that no liquor is drunk, hut even on sales days even beforo sun down, the men goto their homes sober. My amendment forbids the salo of liquor for beverages and provides for tbo winding up of tbe business of the illspensary. If wo are going to meet the issue, let us meet it squarely and have absolute prohibition. Mr. Klnard : 1 fool it my duty to present u few facts. The other day when Mr. Childs appealed so eloquent ly to the church members, I thought he hud a bill suited to the eloquent speech bo made. I did not know It was a second dispensary law, but an itbsolutc prohibition measure. 1 accepted tho dispensary law when I thought I could not get prohibition, i for I thought it u long etride in the right direction. Whilo tbo manage ment has been defective, it has beeu i a great means for good. Had tho law been carried out, there now would be no dissatisfaction. When wo want a i good law, wo must enforce it. I favor prohibition, but 1 don't think this is a prohibition law. It enlarges tho machinery, for there will bo a dispun- i sary in every couctv and every drug- i gist a barkeeper. Tho state of affairs i will almost rival tho barroom. Tho State would still bo in the dispensary ; business. Tho troubles would bo in creased, now wo get it openly as a beverage, then wo would have abuse uf medicinal uso. 1 am in favor of re- < form and of tightening down on tho dispensary law, but I do not favor Mr. Childs, bill. I fail to sec that it will accomplish prohibition, although I favor prohibition. Mr. E. ?. Smith bails with delight tho placing of tbo issue fairly und Equarely. What is tbo proper atti tude of South Carolina toward a re cognized evil V Is not tho trafl'.c of liquor an evil? Tho tirst gentleman who spoke, said that prohibition Is right, but wo ave not ready for it. It shall be less loyal to the truth in its entirety than bo who suffered death for truth and right. Would it not be better to say to the children wo will not legalize tho trallic which drags their parents down ? Wo sell our selves out to tho l>quor business. We levy direct import upon tho poor un fortunates to run our government. When this dispensary was first advo cated, it was said that it was a pro hibition measure. Afterwards it was wltn surprise that I saw a letter from anolliolal recommending that tbo busi ness was doing nicoly and needod to bo enlarged. Dare wo look tho truth tquaroly and fairly ? Shall wo as weaklings stultify ourselves or shall wo do what Is right r When will wo over becomo ready for prohibition ? When will tho human race arrive at tho stage where passion is hold in obeyanco V As men, let us not compromise with evil. Mr. Mauldin had been disposed to dodgo the moasuro. At first ho was not satisfied that this was a prohibi tion measure. Ho Is for prohibition straight. All havo acknowledged that prohibition is right. If it is wrong, don't voto for lt. I want to stand by prohibition, for it is right. "Cursed is ho who puttoth his bottlo to his brother's mouth." Wo should riso man to man and wlold tho scoptro of pro hibition in South Curolina. Start pro hibition at home. Mr. Livingston's bill had clcarod everything out of tho way and ho was obliged to vota for tho amendmont. Dr. Wycho thought the dispensary law and prohibition had been discussed over South Carolina until ovory man had already mado up his mind as to his duty. Ho defends tho position of tho advocatos of tho dispensary ; ex presses admiration for tho author and for the advocates of tho Childs bill, whilo protesting against tbo insinua tions that tho dispensary advocates wcro dodging tho issuo. If wo could onforco a law prohibiting pooplo from drinking liquor, ho would support that heartily. Howovor, where tbo sontl mont of a pooplo is opposed to tho dls ponsary, that law, though a good ono, is a nullity and a farco. Tho position taken by Mr. K. 1). Smith is in opposition to that of tho ontlre civilized world. I want ovory man to voto for the law which will minimize to tho groatost oxtont that torrlblo habit. The dtspousary law Is inlinltoly better than the blind tigers, which will bo born with tho prohibi tion law. You will never onforco pro hibition until people quit drinking liquor. Which is tho best, prohlbl > tloo, high lloonse or the dispensary V i Tbe dispensary law, hampered and i fought as no other, is still a grand sue cess. Shall we fly off at a tangent and ? follow a phantom, a theory? If yot i j adopt Mr. Livingston's amendment -,-^--TT . you will dot/tiis Stato with/illi ? ?? liquor establishments. lligluMieei.se - it/bettor. The dispensary ?rnot only ? A success, (jthough not^porfoct, of !/course), buUit is attraojTOg attention f froiUf-tho wtfrld. JJtr. Stevenson 1?|(H considered tho -?rfuestion with uujo&tainty. I have lis i tened Id vaiujW? somo measuro to bo introduced which will glvo us Stato control. I prefer to go into a oystem of free saloons rather than to continue as it is without State constables. Men had como into tho Stato, us ho had predicted, and were operating with no license and practically no restrictions. As soon us tho mandate of tho United States supremo court is given out, South Carolina will rgaln bo humil iated. Why was not somo bill intro-. duoed which would got around tho In/ evitablo dcclsiou of tho court. What bettor system for blind tigers prevails than tho one now in operation in South' Caroliua P Tho gentleman from Marlboro offers tho only solution whioo abolishes the froo liquor traffic. It is a sad reileotion upon tho State to say that tho oltisens are derelict iu their duty to execute the dispensary law. His reason for supporting Mr. Livingston's amend ment is that it is tho only measuro in troduced which will evade tho Uni'Md States courts. Mr. Efird could not rofralu from giv ing utterance to one thought. Ho is a Carolinian and ho knows that the peo ple of Caroliua Will give up to no power. Stand to your colors. When you go down, go down standing firm. Why is it that when tho liquor question is agi tated that wo see ministers and liquor men locked arms against the law? The ministers svoro sincere. Tho liquor men worked against the dispensary be cause they know that if prohibition is carried, that tho liquor men will como out on top eventually. Just as long as grain is raised and appetites aro In man's bosom, so long will liquor bj drank. We aro hero to legislate for the bast interests of the Stuto. His people had said repeatedly they novor wanted high license again. If we adopt prohibition, wo will bo driven back to tho barrooms, against the wishes of tho people. Wo ought to repeal that clause in tho constitution which devotes tho dispensary profits to common schools. Let tho reveuo bo turned over tho gouoral purpose of tho government. Thon in ten years tho dispensary would run the government. It is claimed that prohibition had onco carried tho Stato. Tho liquor men had worked as hard for prohibition as hud tho ministers, und oven if tho election had been curried for prohibition, tho dispensary bus sinco gained friends. Mr. Henderson was compelled to vote against these bills and wants to givo ' his reasons. When tho Legislature 1 attempts to legislate moral sense into a people, it hud better go slow. Tho < dispensury bus accomplished two good ' objects. Ono is doing away with the 1 barroom's example. Prohibition is a j line sentiment, but wo must onuct laws I ' which will bo practical. Thoro Is heredity in Intemperance und we can not correct the evil in a short timo, but it should bo accomplished in a system atic manner. Tho Legislature cannot shovo this moral sontimen down the throats of the people. Mr. Verner: When a man gets up und says that preachers and women aro locked arms with tho liquor mon, I hurl tho imputation in his tooth. Tho dispensary wants to take liquor men's 1 place in the combination. His county 1 had sent a petition asking that the dia pensary bo taken from them. Wo havo already had a standing army to carry , ' out dispensary law. Two hundred 1 dollars worth of liquor was sold in Seneca the tirst year of tho law and $10,000 worth tho second year. To-day South Carolina is in shamo and the ministers aro trying to cover her 1 shamo. Ho depicted tho debauchery of Bi Lhaz,.ar until "tho throno of jus tice tired of tho scone" had sent tho hand writing on tho wall. South Caro lina is debauched, und sho hud better turn from it boforo it is too lute. Stand ing at his desk lust your ho hud pre dicted tliut tho dispensury would die und go to hell where it ought to bo und ho prayed thut his prediction would yot be fulfilled. Mr. Childs : Tho gcntlemun lrom Abbeville is tho lirst man who over qu? stioned my prohibition principles, und I httvo been lighting tho liquor question since 1880. This bill bus been formulated upon prohibitory measures in other States. Prohibition has boon tho coro of my heart for many yiars. | Tho United States Supremo Court will i not permit prohibition for medicinal use. If you pass tho amendment of Mr. Livingston, what assurance havo I you thut it will bo enforced ? It is un constitutional. Mr. Rogers cannot hope to seo tho liquor question settled satisfactorily by legislation. "Hotter to boar tho ills wo havo than lly to others wo know not of." Temperance has been promoted In South Caro'ina during last decade. My county has had temperance 40 years, and sinco tho dispensary law thoro has been no chango noticeablo thoro, although tho Stato is hotter ofT. I caw more drunken men In my town yestorday than I havo on tho streets of Columbia. Pull half a do/.en promis ing young mon havo gono to their graves in tho last twolvo months. In a certain portion three men came to sucl don and violent death from uho of blind tigor whiskey. Mr. Livingston stated that Mr. Childs was mistaken in saying that his (Mr. Livingston's) amendment was un constitutional. Under the "Wilson act" it was onLrely in conformity with the Constitution. Tho following is tho voto on Mr. Livingston's amendment: Yeas?Ashloy, Hreolund, Curruway, C. M. Davis, Do Loach, Fox, G?yo, Gasquo, Horaco E. Johnson, Henry J. Kinard, Livingston, Mauldin, Mohr tons, Jool H. Mlllor, McCullough, Net tles, Patton, Pollock, Pyatt, Koyno'ds, Robinson. Russell. Sinkler, s. W. Smith, Stevenson, Verner, Whlsonant, Wilson and Wlogo.?110. Nays?All, Aablll, Austell, Bailoy, Hanks, Bedon, Bethuno, Blytho, Car son. Caughman, Childs, Grum,G. W. Davis, W. C. Davis, Dobruhl, Dukes, Edwards. Efird, Epps, Palroy, Gadsdon, Garris, H. P. Goodwin, ?. P. Goodwin, Graham, Hamilton, Harvey, Hazolden, Hondorson, Hlott, Hollls, Humphrey, Hydrlck, lidorton, T. E.Johnson, Ken nedy, Kiblor, J. D. Kinard. tester, Llmohouse, Lofton, Magill, Meares, .T. E. Miller, Mlshoo, Mltoholl, MoDa- lol, McKeo%a, McLauron, MoWhlto, Ply lor, Prlnco, Halnsford, Rogers, San ders, Seabrook, Skinner, J. It. Smith, Spoor, Sturkle, Sullivan, W. H. Thomas, Toolo, W?lling, Woloh, West, Westmoreland, Winkler, Wltherspoon, Wyohoand Yeldell.?72. ?The amount of mouey that a single ? toad might save to a farmer In one set?. ' son by tho destruction of cut-worms I has been estimated at nearly 920.. This - calculation Is based on tho damago I tbat the number of out-worms <& toad iI could eat In a season would bo stole to , I offoot among growing crops. 1 a. stainless statesman. A t'urgi'ut - fHiittv oi' IiIh Works will Convineo \\\J Most Prrjuilioal Opponent j/KrxX. Mr. Cullioun Slu cerely ^^ictdretl to I'resorvo tlio Uniu^r^f tho Slates?His KtainlcBS l'tf^Hoiiai and Olllclal i ni cj:i i i %. Philadelphia Timcs.^^^^^******" %f twvymttUi1^*^W*tlreDorthvTeit of the towu of I '.mill ton, in South Carol itiA, in excellent preservetion, is Port Ll/l, the historic homo of Johu Calds/ell Calhouu. f Here, remote froiuJrtho clamor of the world, from Its buJlling marts of *trado, surroundju^^yith a lovely laif?jHjajm, ofjjj0<nia?ii, and valley soeneryT' tflo'greut dftttcsman 'lived und labored in fornidrattug his theories of government. jPorol^fc do lighted to .como when a5*rcces8^fpm. tbo responsibilities of hifc^tlieiulstaJlan gn^'fiim tno opportunity to renew nm strength in tho swoet seclusion of uc quiet homo life. And from tola in viting rotreat bo wont to die at his post of duty in Washington city, a Senator worthy of his people's venera tion and of bis country's honor. Woco ono to undertake tho pleasing task of writing a biographical sketch of Mr. (Jalhouu, it would necessitate a display of profound respect for his integrity of purpose, his spotless character and personal dignity. In so brief a space little more than a sketch of his life is possible. Patrick (Jalboun, the father of tlio statesman, was a native of Irolaud, and of that sterling stock of people which for centuries hab made itself distinctively characteristic bv its per sistent opposition to all forms of gov ernment that oppressed the many for tho benefit of tho few. His mother was a Miss Caldwell, daughter of a I'resbytorlan clergyman, who emigrat ed from Pennsylvania and settled In the Chorokco country previous to tbo Liuvolutiou. It is a fact of history worth mention ing that tho Scotch and Irish cross, who were generally 1'rotostants, have furnished a large per cent of tlio most distinguished men und women who make tho long list of worthy characters in our American biography. Tho mother of Mr. Calhoun was a woman of a very high character, earnest in her spirit, industrious and endowed with a strong intellect. It appears from a close study of tbo parontage of groat men that without exception they are the children of gront mothers. To this general rule Mr. yiilhoun was no exception. His early life was ono of privation. At the knees of his devoted mothor and at i such common schools it was possible to maintain iu tbo disturbed statu of tho country be received the rudiments of an education. These llrst lessons lit the II11 me of ambition in tho gifted youth, who fortunately received a wel come into the homo and to tho tuition Of an accomplished maternal uncle, who hud attained eminence in the State of Georgia. After graduating at Yalo College bo i roturncd to South Carolina, studied law and entered upon its pri'.ctict at i Abbeville Court House. To those familiar with tbe demands of tbe " jealous mistress " und of the charac ter of Mr. Calhoun's mind it is not sur- ^ prising that be shortly drifted into tuo i current of political philosophy and ? metaphysics and left the lees ongag- i lng, hut more exacting, demands of a i student of tho common law. After i serving as a Representative in tho i Legislature of bis State he was elected to represent his district in tho Con- i gress of tbo United States, taking his seat on tbe same day with Daniel i Webster, a coincidonco worthy of noto. From that day to the day of his death in 1M?1 Mr. Calhoun's public history becomes a part, and by no means a small part, of tbo history of our coun try. Kirst Representative, then Senator, Secretary of War, Vice President and Secretary of State, thero wa9 but ono other olllco within the gift ol tho peo ple he bad not tilled. Liko his great contemporaries, Webster and Clay, although moro than onco brought for ward as a proper person to meet tho requirements of tho Presidential office, be was not tbe man to seek tho honor of its dignity by yielding to tho de mands of partisan management or by rtsorting to methods that wore repul sive to his nature. No one holding public olllco was ever moro scrupulous ly careful to avoid even the semblance of violating his established principles of integrity. When olTcred the cilice ol Secretary of Stato by President Tyler bo hesitated to accept It, not from any other consideration than that in so doing bo might be understood as compromising bis political integrity by endorsing tho platform of political faith on which Gen. Harrison and Mr. Tylor had been oloetcd to tho Presi dency and Vice Presidency of tho coun try, lt was not until thu most sincoro appeals to his patriotism bad been made by representative citizen of all sections of tbo United States that bo yioldod to tho urgent requost aud at a critical period in tho country's histo ry entered upon tho dolicatc and re sponsible dutios of the Stato depart ment. In tbe midst of many porploxing cases, which loft but littlo loisuro for other thought than that required in tho dischargo of bis olllciul dutios, Mr. Calhoun found tho timo to proparo a disquisition on government, and a dis course on tho "Constitution of tho United States," which desoond to pos terity tho evidences of his intellec tuality and statesmanship. A oaro ful Ptudy of thoso works will convlnco tho most prejudiced opponent of Mr. Calhoun's theories that ho sincoroly desirod to presorve tho Union of tho States as a great fcderalivo govern ment. It is charged that tho ultra States' rights doctrines of Mr. Calhoun propartd tho way and mado certain tho civil war of lMtil ; that his " theory of nullification " was but a proludo to tho bloody drama of B60Ci3ioo, and ho Is by some regarded as an evil gonius, sowing tho seeds of dissension and lighting tho fires of revolution among his people. Thoso who rouch such a conclusion make but a superficial study of the character of Mr. Calhoun and of tho groat and porploxing questions Of government which ongagod hi mind. In none of tho spooches de lived by him in tho 'Congress of the United States or olsowhoro can ono tlnd a Mingle, inflammatory appeal to tho passions of tho pooplo. tn construing the torms omployod by #ho framers of tho Constitution to ex press tho relationship of tho Statos to the Federal government ho used no invectives; no single torm of denuncia tion *, no appeal to passion. In vain will the most painstaking student or Drojudlced purtlsan soaroh for the language of a revolutionist. Through out his speeches, throughout his essays, and throughout his greater works on governmont thoro is to be I olearly seen the expressions of an ex : alted spirit of patriotism noting as the inspiration of a groat intel'.eot sin : ceroly used to avert a conflict of physl? ' oal foroe by au appeal to human reason. Ills theory of nullification, was neper B^sOBH^H^BHsWf^Hi^B^B^B^i^B^B^H designed tu precipitate au issue of re I voiutiou, but was brought forward as the mean? of adjusting the equities oi relationship betweou the ?ections of tl)o country having antagonizing in terests. Ho could soo no way to bar I mon i /o tho conflicting interests of the agricultural and raanufa :turing sec tions of tho country, and resorted t:> this measure as an expedient promis ing at least a compromise, aud as such tho htst solution of a problem which threatened then, as it do ;s now, tb( stability of our system of government In discussing tho question of tho " re served rights ,: of the States ho never wont beyond tho limits of tho Federal constitution, and was never in thought or language moro pronounced than was/Mr. JelTorsou, too framer of tho Kejnuoky resolutionu. Tho correspon xhmce of Mr. Calhoun with tho repre sentative men of all political parties manifests his loyalty to tho Federal ttJnlon. ^>A careful study of history will dis cover that there is behind every great change In the political or social econo my of man some moral force which with an irresistible inlluenco moves on to ultimate expression. Intelligent genius antagonizing Interests and war, with its soomlug destruetiveness, aro but tho agencies of this force insen sibly used to accomplish in tho end an evolution in this ever active age. From Magna Charta to tho Emancipation Proclamation thoro is clearly mani fested a moveniont forward In the soeia' and political relations of tho Anglo-Saxon race ; a movement quite as marked in its eAi'ressions as any of tho series of evolution i which preceded it and which appear to havo como as tho i fleets of tho groat, moral force embodied in the philosophy of the Woudeiful Nazareno," tho Christof history. Mr. Calhoun came upon tho plane of thought and action at a time when, in the order of the law of progress, hib intellectual strength and training wcro necessary in tho economy of a po.ver greater than mere human agencies could originate or dirtct. It is not neoesBary to enter tho shambles of speculative reasoning to determine what that " higher power " was or is, or in what manner it is niado manifest. Cu'l it Providence, and bo a Christian ; ca it Fate, and bo a Pantheist; call it what you may, it was and it is with us to- lay, tho groat causa causarum, a m\sterlous yot certain foreo which frt m tho beginning has been "moving up n the waters," and in its own way and through il8 own agencies has br? ught about results by methods wo eat iot comprehend, wo may not sym pathize with, but must yield to, and aequiesoo in or porish in trying to op po-.o the inevitable. lo the order of development the time hu ' come whon slavery U3 an institu tion of government was to cease, and tho newly formed Republic of the , Urdtod States should havo eliminated frvm its charter ovory uncertain and ambiguous term. To reach this result ' diseusslou had to precodo action. In ' th?) discussion Mr. Calhoun so forcibly ' and so satisfactorily, to tho people of t e s'uvo-holding States demonstrated t^.- sovereignty of tho Stato and tho ri'gbt of tho Stato to assert that vereirnty thut tho question had -tio^u ^ bo debatable in more than bne of the Southern sisterhood. No ' one doubted tho right; tho question of expediency alone remuinod. The time soon came whon oven tho expediency of assorting tho right was not dobut ablo, nna the rcsu.t was a desperate ' coullict, a civil war unparalled in the unnuls of history. The institution of slavery was eliminated forever from tho perplexing problem of our national existence, and the sovereignty of tho State surrendered to tho power of the General Government?tho United States of America became a nation and tho development made complete which had been steadily moving for ward from tho lirst gun at Lexington and Concord to the last at Appomat tox. KOKT IIIlih HIS OLD 1IOM10. "Fort Hill," tho residence of Mr. Calhoun, is so called from its location near a fort, which tradition asserts was erected by Do Soto in his rambling march through this section during tin; early part of tho sixteenth contury. Tho building, in tho colonial stylo, is well presorved, and presents an attrac tive appearance. A wooden office chair in tho main room onco served Gen. Washington, and for many years was used by Mr. Calhoun in his ollice. From this seat ono looks upon a noble portrait of the great statesman, near which is an expressive likeness of Honry Clay. In front, and occupying tho contro of the room, is an elaborate ly carved table of rosewood, with a top of Fgyptian marble, upon which aro to bo found many letters from emi nent men of all sections?stiitosmen, scholars and divines, somo dicussing tho affairs of Stato, others asking opin ions and advico. and all evidencing the greatest respect for "tho sago of Fort Hill." In tho room aro costly articles of furniture, presented by Kings, and upon the walls hang rich paint ings by Kemhrant, Hubens and Sully In tho adjacent building, used as an ollico by Mr. Calhoun, is tho desk at which for many years tho great student labored, and about it several articles of honsohold furniture. About the houso thoro is an atmosphere of great ness that can never bo disassociated from It. ?In old slavery days the plantation negroes had diseases of their own, but wore singularly ?xcinpt from somo of those that a?lictod thoir masters. Tuberculosis, for instanco, and in sanity. Southerners died at a good old ago withoutever seeing a consump tive Slave Of a crazy elavo. H mancipa tion and tho now conditions havo changed all that. Dr. Mutas, of Now Orleans, is quoted as saying that the Amorlcan negro of tho present timo dllTors at nearly all points from his African ancestor, aLd in roapeet of susceptibility to disease might almost as woll be a white man for any im munity his color now gives him. Tho Medical Record accepts this opinion us b^rno out by tho observed facts. ?Tho State of North Carolina has recently boon invaded by two hundred Mormon missionaries from Utah, who are going in pairs through tho rural districts without money or baggage, and depend upon tho hospitality of tho people in tho sections they visit. Tho entire Stato has been dlvidod into dis tricts and will bo thoroughly prosolyt od. The missionaries aro working both for emigrants to Utah and con verts to their religion. In both direc tions thoy are having extraordinary success, says the Chicago Uocord. No violence nas been offored them IThuir public meetings on Sundays aro largely attended, and by their taot thoy aro making friends In a remark able manner. ?Troes which grow on the northern side of a bill are said to be much more durable whon converted Into furniture Hhoso whioh grow on the southern '?f . v Ci 1 A GOOD WORD FOR OUK STATU A Correspondents Views ol Hie Nej*r< ami the t'otton t?nest ion Invite* Northern KeHhleois ami n<. thern Capital to the " Gem of ilio ?"i. ?I mom." Graoulleld (Mass.) Gazette ami Courier. Although at present a South Caro linian 1 have never forgotten my old Franklin County homo, and having been reminded of it very recently by reading an inscription on a marble Blab in tho Springwood cemetery at Groenvllle, S. O, 1 have thought it possible that I could send you some matter that would Interest your read ers, and perhaps reach the oyo of some of tho old-time frlonds who are still living among tho hills and may be .pleased to learn that 1 am on top of tho sod. Tbo inscription is this : "Sacred to tho memory of Roger Lovelaud, who was born in Greenfield, Mass., 14th day of June, 1703, and died in Greenville, Jan. .'iOth, 18f>7, and in u residence of over 42 years in this community, he hud had habitually maintained the strictest integrity of character with all who knew him, and it was universally true, that thoso who knew him best, esteemed aud loved him most. A true friend and an honest man bus died, and bo bis memory cherished.'' Whether so kindly a feeling as the above inscrip tion would indicate, exists in tho hearts of tbo people toward tho more recent Yankee arrivals, I know not, out per sonally have met with only u most kindly welcome and courteous treat ment all throughout the S utb where business has cailcd me, and more espe cially has lt been so iu the Piedmont region of South Carolina, I will write of the country and people as I have found them, and perhaps correct an erroneous Idea which is entertained by some of our Northern people as to the treatment accorded now comers of political or religious creeds, differing from thoso in the ascendancy here. No one will interfere in such matters. One can be Republican, Democrat or Populist, Quid Dug or b'ree Silver; seek bit way to Heaven by the Daptist, Methodist, Presbyterian or Cumpbel iite or any other route, to which fancy leads or conscience dictates, and he will bo bidden " Godspeed," but he must not come down to the loved of the negro or affiliate with him as an equal, unless ho wishes to bo very severely let alone. There is not now. nor can there ever be, social equality as bo tweon tho races in tho South, and all education conferred upon the black man with a view of bringing him up to a level with tbe white, and that is more than Is needed to lit him for common business associations, is au injury and not a benefit, unless it is of that kind by which ho is taught somo useful trade. Tho colored industrial schools are doing u great work in elevating tho negro, and lilting him for future usefulness, but the "Colored Classical Schools" arc turning out men who must bo lawyers, doctors, teachers, preach ers or nothings. In all these lines the supply is far in excess of the demand, und onco educated the young negro is looking to see the G. P. written In tho Heavens, that be can interpret Go Preach-?never thinking its meaning was or might bj Go Plow. Tho ola-fashloned .lackleg colored preacher is still very much in evidence nil through the country, and cuu not bo crowded out, and it will be many years before intellectual preaching will bo satisfactory to tlio colored masses or be supported by them. A Colored meeting Into which tho usual adjuncts of shoutings, groanings, clap ping of hands, shuffling of feet, "Lose ing do Strenf"?and "Hassling de Debbie," does not enter, would be by the members considered most "stale and unprofitable." To illustrate, the writer at one time employed a gang of 50 negroes, among whom was one weighted down with the name of Gen eral Harrison Young, who notwith standing tho name proved to bo a worthless, lazy, no account negro. Upon being remonstrated with for his all ??ound sbiftlessncss, he informed mo that lie wasn't " no low-down, workin, nigger, but a license preacher.'' Said he had been a " Licentious of the Mo fodis church Souf 22 year." "had reg ular prcacbin' till do la^' year, and preach oussional now." Asked him how and what be preached, said : " 1 takes do passage of Scriptur' and lneydatcs from if," asked him if he ever preached morality, chastity, honesty, virtuous living, etc., he said, " data too rippicky for mo boss," "lidon'unncrstan watyou mean ;" asked him if he ever preached against chicken and watermelon steal ing, being untrue to wives, drinking whisky and lyiug. He said " No, no boss, dut nebberdo: dey'd all tink Ise pUaSOnal and go right over to de Bap tises :"?but alas for tho General, ho foil from grace notwithstanding bis being a " Licentious," and wound up by being sent to the chain gang for steal ing clothing from the olllce. A " little learning proved a dangerous thing " to bira. He could barely read and write, but was looked up to by his less fortu nate brethren as a teacher aud prophet. I only clto this experience as show ing what education when misapplied may do for tho African brother. But I to return to our text: Greenville is aj pretty littlo city of some 13,000 inhabi tants and with its broad, shaded streets, reminds one very much of our Greenfield. It is situated some M miles from the Blue Bulge mountains, which serve as a barrier to the bleak, cold, north winds of winter, and help in giving a climate unsurpassed to this region. The mercury seldom s be low 21) ibove zero, and rare aches 1)1) above in midsummer, the . tem perature being about (>S Tbo country is well watered bp the Saluda, F.noreo and Reedy rivers, and many small crooks running into them, si> that the farmer can locato where forest, upland, meadow and bottom land can bu se cured, and can raise any kind of crop bo desiros. Thoro aro four collogos in Green ville, two for oach sex, a system of graded schools fully equalling our Now Kii;'land schools, bosldos sovoral pri vatoscbools, 12 churches, a freo libra rary, in fact, any advantage, social or educational, that can be found in any of our cities of slmlliar size in Now England can bo found hero. Pcoplo coming South for tbo wlntor, can bring their childron and enter them In tho schools hero and not de tract from their advancement in any of their studies. I find many residents from tho North, who, after trying Florida, and moro southerly points, havo settled down hero for a winter home as tho morodcsirablo from ovorv point of vlow. Living is vory muoh choapor than In nlacos farthor South, or at tho North, and wivb two linos of railroad running through, wo aro in touch with our Northorn oitics, as well as Southorn. Wo aro only 2-1 hours from Boston and six from Atlanta. A matter of ospo oial pride to Greenville people is tholr tino system of water worko. oy which the pure sparkling wator of Paris Mountalno springs is distributed from a reservoir to tovery part of the the olty and tho pressure upon tht pipes, owing to altitude of resorvoii forces water to top of highest htulding in the city. There is an excellent lin department as well as a complete sys toin of sewerage, eleotr e lighta, twi telephone lines, not a bar-room nV tin county. NL.? As a location for winter residence foi the invalid sullering from asthmatic 01 hronchial troubles, or for a homo loOtt tiou for families who ha?') children, and wish to escape the rigors of tin Northern winter, Greenville present* greater advantages than any location in the South that tho writer is conver sant with, and deserves to bo calloi tho "(Jem of the Piedmont." Tin tourist will lind excellent hotels here well-kept ami at very reasonable rate.-, tho chief of which is kept by a Massu obusetts man, A. A. Gatos, and by calling upon H. J. Pelton, an oi l \"e> Salemboy. he will not only lind one of the liDest stationary stores in the South, but better than all get a look at the old familiar Gazette and Courier, and all the Franklin county news. If this disjointed epistle is of any in terest to you an! your readers, ami it is your wish, J will write you of the agricultural, mining and mill interests of this region, and give you sunn rea sous why you good people of New Eng land must submit to s-eing us take away a part of your cotton manufactur ing and plant it here, and will demon strate the why of it fully. The report of the com mit too sent South by the ArkwrightClub of Hosten seems to be a tissue of misleading mis representations, so ?hin as to be easily punctured by the pen of truth. Wo are at loss to know why the Northern pa pors select Charlotte North Carolina, as tho " Centre of Southern mill towns'* and the cotton industries. Our little State has 250,000more spindles running than lias the entire state of North Car olina, and Greenville is far more of tho centre than Charlotte. The mill question is one which seems to be attracting general attention at tho North just at tho present time, and to enable the mill owners to com pote witli the Southern mills, the poor [pborer who creates the wealth must be cut to starvation wages. All this will not change the status of affairs in but a small measure. The coarser cotton goods must he manufactured right hen where the cotton is grown, anil where there is an abundance of contented happy American operators to manu facture it : no freezing cold, no winter snows, no crowded tenements, no strikes, anil last but not least no walk ing delegates to sow the seeds of dis COI tent and bring forth a crop of want and misery as is usually the case where bipods of that genus are tolerated. In this viciinity the electric current is to-day driving 80,000 spindles by its noiseless and invisible power, am the region is full of unused water power tobe bought for a song. Why if you seek investment do you not conn down, leaving your ove r-capita I iz -d mills, your army of over-paid mill olli eials, and your under-paid operatives, and start in with us, with each one "toting fair" from superintendent to spinner, from overseer to oiler, each fairly paid and all pulling together. EVERETT I \ AN KIN. Piedmont, S. C , Jan. 10th, 1808. IN TUK BUSINESS TO STAY. The Cotton Mill industry in the South. ? What is Needed at the Present Time. Capt. Win. A. Courtenay, of Newry, S. G., president of the Courtenay man ufacturing company, has been inter viewed by a reporter for the Columbia State, and he talked interestingly of thoeottin mill industry in the South. He said: "The real trouble of the cotton man ufacturing industry is largely linancial: this explains the general depression of business throughout the Union. The abnormal demand for wheat on foreign account, gives largo prolits in this quarter: but iron interests are not prosperii-g; prices are very low for pig and manufactured good.-: cotton is very low, and this leads up to low prices for cotton goods. There were other results of the war between the States bostdot the surrender of the armies. The tend ency then and now is to centralization, having congress legislate for every thing under the sun?from a monopoly of banking to a general labor law. As tho South linils, from an experience of .'10 years, that the very best place for her 12 States is in the Union, it may bo as well to cons'dor the Southland in its non-relation to the rest of tho country. "Financially, the South has no United States bonds, not that these securities are not held to be absolutely the best in the world, but the South oan'tafford to invest in A and 4 per cent, bonds, tho latterat US per cent, premium. So when banking with note issues is lim ited to national banks, that is to start a hank of 9100,000 you must invest ?^l'JS.OOO for the privilege of using 900, OUOln currency, there are' no takers in Dixie, We can't afford to do it. What is wanted is a general banking law, with tho uso of Other credits than United States bonds, all under the comptroller of the currency, if possible subdivided by States, with the purpose of creating a currency good every where, hut kept at homo as much as possible. If the greenbacks could he replaced with bank notes well secured and a fair proportion allowed in the Southern States, reducing interest rates to 6 or 7 per cent, and accommo dating thousands of local wants, there would be a widespead change in South ern money opinions. Tho South in tho olden times was a "hard money" com munity. Its cotton, tobacco, rice., and naval stores wore gold crops annually: give tho South a chance and the pub lie opinion will react to earlier views. The recent Southern cry for 'free silver'is only tho despairing cry of a 1 long BUlforlng people who are denied tho uso of their own assets for oanKing pu r poses. "As to the cotton industry, it is more depressed than ever before known, but more North than South, and it may be well to look for real causes. The mixed and uncertain finances aro of course a general source of disgust, but there aro spccitlc causes plainly in view. First, Fall Kiver is gazetted as saying it costs 10 84 cents a pound tc make print cloths. In direct reply. 1 assert that a South Carolina mill at ti -t time is now making a very handsomo profit at. this alleged cost price, pays divi dends and puts up a surplus. Second, mother serious difficulty with tho print Cloth mills in New England is the un mistakable changes in tho dry goods trade of to-day, thoro has boon for years an annual dcclino in tho taking of narrow "7-yd" goods; but in tho face > of this easily ascertained If not woll , known fact, production is lnoreasod Instead of diminlshod, and whon tho surplus runs into millions ol ? pieces, FaH Kiver ou'.s wages and goes i on producing moro surplus. From u i strictly buslnoas point of vlow, the i sooner tho print cloth production it > permanently roduoed ono-thlrd to one , half and looms run on other goods, the ? boter It will be for New England and tl>o \yholi' oottpu mill busiuo?s. So muuyrprint elo/hs are not now aeedod. A- to Souther4. mills*, no wages huvo boje'n out in Dixie, or like y to bo. l*rolits huvo boon reduced i i tho past three years, but that ther I still ro main8 good profits, dividends are earned and [laid, ami in nine cases out of ten tt surplus reinuins. "Xi'wry is a water power mill, and 1 find it costs very lit I le annually for tbo wator to run over the dam. A first consideration at Nowry is th i health of the operatives. No pains have been snared to secure this. A reservoir of 120,000 gallons of water is located on a hill top 1200 feet high; thi- runs a sew erage system to every cottage, as well as gives lire protection to mill, village, warehouses, etc. Kitchen and table scraps are put out in u pail from each cottage cany every morning and re moved to a farm, where it is fed to hogs. Tho village is thus kept as clean as a pin every day in the year. Of course the health of the village is as sured. Decently smallpox appeared in Atlanta aud other cities, none near here, but tbe comoany forthwith had every ono in Newry vaccinated with out cost to the seven or eight hundred residents, A continuing intorest is taken in all that relates to tho well being and comfort of the operatives, ami I think we have here health und contentment In an unusual degree. The operatives hero arc all 'to tho manner born.' "Yes, the South is in the cotton mill business to slay. The South will sur vive. This prediction rests on hor natural advantages and it carries no antagonism to New lOngland interests. There is high skilled labor there, tho opportunity to change products into fabrics far above print cloths, and tho promise of ample remuneration in tbo future. Dut it looks a? if print cloths have had their day of domination; that'.-all It has been supposed that tho Dlngley tar 111 was framed to make tnis change: it certainly dou't help print cloths. FEEDING AN ISNBhiY. How the Yankee Soldiers Treated a Baptist l*i'oachor in Savannah. Shopman's army bad entered Savau nab. Tho inhabitants of the city had for weeks past been living in fear of the event, but now that it had com .-, they wcie making the best of it. They had long been living on starvation ra tions, consisting cliietly of sweet po tatoes. Dr. Sylvanus Landrum, pastor of tho First Baptist Church, went to the com manding oilicor and asked permission to preach. He was asked ii ho sympathized with tho Confederates. He replied that ho did. He was asked if he would pray for the success of the Confederacy, to which he replied that bcwould preach the gospel and would pray for men who needed salvation. The doctor was given permission to preach, but the guard was sent along to stop the services if anything un favorable to the Union army was said. Sunday morning the church was crowded with men, not U woman bciug present. Soldiers filled thescats and sat on the lloor In tho aisles. It was a remarkable gathering, and every man seemed to enjoy the sermon, although it came from tbo lips of a " rebel" preacher. In closing Dr. Landrum said it might bo that some present desired to shake hands with him to pledge them solves anew to tho services of God. Almost as one man tho soldiers came forward and gave him the band, am >ng them a youn doctor from Indiana, who said no desired to speak with the preacher. tie asked Dr. Landrum to let him go home with him to dinner. This was very ombarrassing to tho good man, for be had nothl Ig but potatoes for his meal. The soldier did not mind this, and seemed to enjoy tho potatoes. When they had been finished he told Dr. Landrum that although he was from Indiana he By in path iz id with tbe South, lie wa a Baptist, and wher ever bo went always tried to lind out tho Baptists. Tbe day paSood v^-ry pleasantly and the young physician took his departure. The next morning a two-hoi-bo army wagon drove up to the door >' ith a great quantity Ol provisions. lt was a Godsend to the preacher and his family and many were the fervent thanks given to the young doctor for his kindness. Money, at that time, was an unknown quantity in Savannah among the Confederates. The seid it rs . from the Union army, howovever, I ad plenty of it. The young doctor saw D<\ Landrum frequently tier tho gift of the provisions and one day informed him that the soldiers had just been paid off. lie asked him why lie did not nave a collection taken the next Sun day, lb declared it would result in much good. Dr. Landrum did not ob ject, so a conference was held with tho deacons and at the close of tho service one of the deacons arose and asked permission from the preacher to tako a collection. He turned to tbe con gregation and said that the pn achor bad no money, as tho congregation was scattered, and those loft at home hail no money to pay him and might never have any. He put up a good pica that touched the right spot. Dr. Landrum told him be could pass around the hat and anybody who felt lik.: it could contribute. The old dea con wont around among tho soldiers, nearly everyone of whom dropped in sumo money and it was good money at that. The congregation was dismissed and tho next morning, with bca ng face the old deacon called tos is pastor and reoorted the coll cc. o amount to $116, a prlnot ly sum in t c*/) days, and as tho o.d man counted ...out to the. thankful preacher, he said with a tremulous voice: " Brotner landrum, would it Pe possible for you to lend mo a little of that mouey to get something to eat lor my family?" Of course it was possible and thus, by the thought fulness of the young physician, those/ two families were made glad and wort tided over tho tightest period of th<j war. ?Scnor Dupuy DoLome, tho Spanip minister to tili? country, has sent as resignation to the government whih 1... sprcsents id it has been acceptid. Tho resignation was made ncccssJry by tbo publication of a letter wllch Sonor DeLome wrote to a friend in which he spoke >f President McKiiloy as " weak and catering to tho nibble and besides a low politician." 'I/ioso words were such a grave brca/h of diplomatic etiquette that had nft Do Lomo immediately resigned ho would huvo been recplled as {'residua Mc Kinley bail already notified tbo Spanish government that his recall wdild bo acceptable to the United States./ Spain may he forced to disavow cortaiA state ments by DcLomo in rogardfto au tonomy. / ?It is estimated that North Caro lina mills aro coi suraiLg annialiy 60, 000 moro bales of cotton thai aro pro duced in tho Stato.