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GEH. ROBERT E. LEE. A Birtlidav Memorial to tho South ern Ohioftain. A CONDENSED BIOGRAP?.Y. Lifo oftho Great Confederate Military Leader. Horn on tho imti of January, 1807, Died on tho ?.'th of October, 1870?nin Strong Character*- III? Stern Si-lino of ?Suttee?Ills Distinguished Ancestry. : III* DoTotl.m to III? Mol'ier RH? III? ' I.ovo for Children* Great men of great epochs m e few. Oen. Robert Edward Lw, whoso birthday this Sketch Is designed lo commemorate, was ono It has been said that "history will doolaro that tho mortal remains of tho man which rcpov/ In the vault beneath the littlo ehapol in tho lovely Virginia valley uro not only those, of a valorous soldier, but those of a great and good American.N "Success often gilds the ?hallow man, but it disaster aloiio that re-1 Teats tho qualities of true greatness." OEN. ROBERT r.. LEE. Lee's ancestry dates back to pure Xor Einn blond, nnd Ids American ancestors wore dlstiugui lit l men i: om tho Ural Richard Loe, who camo over to Virginia in Ilia reign of Charles I <t i secretary to tho colony und mem ber of tho king's privy council. Ills fath< r, U'Mi. Uoury Lea ("Light Ilorso Harry"?, was three tllllOS chosen governor of Virginia, and ho represented Westmoreland In tho Virginia conven tion which ratified tho Fodornl Constitution after a sovero struggle, In which Patrick Henry used his el iquonca to defeat it. lie was a writer as well a- a revolutionary soldier, who during tho revolutionary war command ed Loo's legion, under Oen. Greene, in tho touthcrn department of tbo United States, md wrotii his "Memoirs" of that war. He delivered the funeral oration of Oen. Wash ington In congress, und the resolutions bo drew up on thLs occasion contained these celebrated words: "First In war, Qrst In peuco, Qrst in tbo hearts of bis country men." I.EK AS A YOUNG OFFICER. Robert V., T.eo was tlio youngest son or Henry I.ee. Ho was born at Btrntfordon tho Potomac, Westmoreland county, Virginia, on January ID, 1S07. His mother was Anno Hill Carter, daughter of Mr. Charles Carter, of Shirley, on tho James river. His father was twice married, first to Mi>3 Leo, and then to Miss Carter, a Virginia aristocrat of tho bluest of blood. History knows Robert E. Leo as tho soldier; only his friends know him as tho man?tbo Christian gentleman. Perhaps no man ever bad a surer claim to that titlo than he. In bis civil, social und domestic ro'ations?OS citl? ?en, friend, husband, father und Instructor of tho young?ho was without flaw or stain. Ho Dover stoojK.nl to meanness. Ono of his biographers said of blmi "A broad, unsophis ticated, chlldliko, lnediaovid nature was bis, lirfinitely uplifted, gloriously enlightened by modern culture, and all tho graces and amen ities of a true Christian disclpleshlp, His virtues, llko bis religion, woro of largo, sim ple, antique mold." His Early Lifo and Education* Miss Emily V. Mason, in hor "Popular Life of Gen. Lee," thus spoaks of his early lifo: "Whon ho was but 4 years old, his falhor re moved to Alexandria, tho lietter to educate his children, ntu 1 thero aro many persons yet living in that old town who remember him at that early ago. His childhood was ob re markable aa liin manhood for tho modesty and thoughtfulnesa of his character, and ror tho performances of overy duty which de Toived upon him. Tho family lived on Cam eron streot, neur tho old Christ church, then on Orinoco street, and afterward In thobouso known as tho parsonage. *8TnATiroaD house," mr. m n. a m or OBK. i.ek. "At this period Gen. Hoary Leo was absent In tho West Indies in pursuit of health, am in ono of bis adinJrablo letters written to bl? ?on Carter, then a hin lent at Cambridge, ha ?aytr 'Robert, who was always good, will be ronfirmrt In his happy turn of mind by hla ,?ver watchful and affectionate mother.' "When Robert whs 11 years old his fathor dlod. From his excellent mothor ho learned at tbU early rigo to pra-tieo self de nial und solf control, as w ell as tho strictest economy In all flnuueiid concerns, virtues Which ho retained throughout his lifo. "This good mother was a great lnv?" 1, one ?f hla aJstcrs wnadellcnto. and n-.nv yvors absent la TTifihdirrpmH unrror ^..o care ?.: physicians. The oldest son, farter, was at Cambridge. Sidney Btujth Jo tho payy, and tn household mattcTa.' So J.obert was tho housekeeper, attended tothoiiarketing, gave tho orders and took care >f his mother's horses. Ani.inotow. "?At t|j0 hour whoa othor school) **Y boAgfl|8*homo to uro, ^OdMk^BRlttfJjcr in bis relatives, wlio was often the companion or ! theso drives, still Uvct< Slto toll? us of the | exertions bo would make to entertain und Biiiuso bis mother, assuring bor, with the ! gravity of an old iimn, that unless she was ' cheerful llit* drive would not benefit her. When she complained of cold or draughts ho would pull from hU pocket a great Jack knife and newspaper and inuko her laugll with his efforts to lmproviso curtains and shut out tho Intrusive* wind which whistled through tho crovices of tbo old family couch. "When bo left her to go to West Point, his mother said: 'How can I livo without Robert} Ho Is both son and daughter to mo.' "Years after, whoa ho camo home from We?t Poillt, ho found ono of tho chief actors of his childhood's drama?his moth' r's old coachman, 'Nat'?ill and threatened with | consumption. Ho immediately took him to tho milder cllmato of Georgia, nui-hod him j with tht* tenderness of a son, and secured for ? him tho best medical help. Hut tho spring- . timtl ;uw tho l'ulthful old servant laid ill tlio ; gruvo by tho hands of his kind young j master." I Is'o man, however renowned in public life can bo said to have reached a symmetrical development of character, who is not habitu ally courteous and considerate toward tlio:>o whom ho dally comet in contact. Tho dotl uition of a gentloman glveu by Prlncotou college would have fitted Qeueral l.co per fectly: "Ono who habitually considers tho happiness und comfort of others before his own." General Lee's first teacher was Mr. W. B. Leery, an Irish gentleman, learned und very efficient as a teacher. Undor his tuition tho futuro goucral acquired a knowledgo of and Condneea for tho classics. Tho master and pupil wore warm friends throughout life. When it was decided that ho w as to go to West Point, ho entered tho school of Mr. Benjamin Hollowell, who wasfor many yean a famous teacher in Alexandria, in order to porfoct himself in mathom Mr. Hallo well, though a strong Unionist during the war, always spoke enthusiastically of Leo. Ho was 13 yean old when be entered West Point, when he wus u favorite with cutlets, professors und officers, and was grad uated second in nn unusually brilliant class, without over having received a singlo domorit. Boon after bo was called to tbo deathbed of bis mother, whom ho nursed to her dying hour with tho tondcrcst devotion, llo often laid that to her bo "owed every thing." Bis Murrlntco Mil Military Horvleo Cu tler Gun. Scott. On Juno 80, 1831, ho married Mary Ran dolph Custls, only daughter of George Wash ington Parke Custls, tho grandson of Martha Wushinc,ton und adopted son of Goorgo Wash ington, By this marriage Lieut. Leo becamo a frequont resident at Arlington, his wife's home: the Arlington that hud become his toric because of treasures of Washington it contained. This antique mansion is located on tho heights opposite Washington j city. The place was ulso tho first camping ! ground of tho luderal urniy upon its entry Into Virginia sixty years ufter Washington's death. On leaving West Point, Robert K. Lee received the appointment of second lieuten ant in the corps of engineers, and wns first ordered to Cocktpur island, near Savannah. Afu?r his marriagoho was sent to Old Point, Vn., whuro ho remained for three yean. In 18o5 bo wus uppoiutcd assistant i-urvoyor MAi:Y RANDOLPH CCSTIS. for marking out the boundary lino between Ohio and Michigan. A yenr later ho was made first lieutenant, und in July, 1S:;S, cap tnin of engineers. In 1SG8-9 ha was sent to improve the navigation of tho Mississippi at St. Louis und to open n passage for tho river at tho Des Moines rapids. Thero was danger that tho Mississippi would cut n channel on tho Illinois side, which would have proved the death of St. Louis, commercially. Lee con ceived und executed a plan which uverted Ulis danger. Capt, 1.00 rrns sent to Fort Hamilton, In Jfew York harbor, und whilo thoro, in 18-14, was appointed one of the board of visitors to tho West Point academy. Many of the lottere written to his fumily during those yeni huvo been preserved and published. All show that tho busy engineer was ever tho loving, thoughtful husband and father, Page after pngo was written to his chiidron, expressing his luvo for tkoLcond romiadias tb_:ni of tiirtr duties to each older ana to tn<-lr meiner. To his boys ho wrote rcpontcdly In these and similar words t "You must tuko great euro of your kind mother und dear sisters." And again in 1847. after tho difficulties with Mex ico had culminated In a declaration of ho, MII ties and Capt, Ix'O was assigned to thocentral army in Mexico, as chief engineer under Gen. Woo), he writes to his sous: "I t hall not feol my long separation from you, if I find that my absence has Ix-cn of no injury to you, und that you have both grown in good ness und knowledge, ns well ns stature, But, ah, how much I will suffer on my return if tho reverse has occurred. You enter into nil my thoughts, in nil my prayers; mid on you, In purt, will depend whether I shall l*> happy Or miserable, ns you know how much I love you. You must do nil In your power to save mo pain." Gen. Bcott noted tho young officer's mili tary genius and nppointed him to a position on his personal staff, nnd always asked hie opinion in tho council, and in Bcott's unto biography ho says: "I um compelled to make special mention of Capt, It. B. Lee, engineer. Tute officer greatly distinguished himself nt tho siege of Vera Cruz." And ut Cerro Gordo Geu. Bcott Wrote) "I am compelled to make special mention of Cnpt. R. E. Ijoo, engineer. This officor was Indefatigable dur ing these operations in rOCOnnotesatlOOS, us daring as laborious, und of tho utmost value. Nor was he less conspicuous in placing bat teries and lu conducting columns to their sta tions luudar Lha luuvv ?rj ?l?a or-*?? ? ft Is snid itiat when Oon. Scott was asked what was tho most -luring achievement of tho war, ho said,"Leo'scrossing tho Podrigul." Tho Pedrignl it a vast pathless field of vol canic rock lying between Cherubusco und San Augustln and south of Ban AugUStlu several miles. It was only passable by day light with great j>erfi, but Cnpt. Loo crossed It at night alono, carrying a messngo from Brig. Oen. Smith to Oon. Bcott. In Scott's own words: "Tho greatest feat of physical and moral courago performed by any Indi vidual, in my knowlrdgo, landing tho cam paign." Santa Anna ./us on the right und Valencia on tho left, and tho slightest devia tion ou his part elthor way would have thrown Cupt. Lee into tho hands of one of them. He hail ? nt hing to g lido him on his way but the .iiroction of (li i wind. Loo was wounded at Chnpiiltopeo. He was twice promoted for his services in Mexico. In 1847 he was breveted major for gnllnnt and meritorious conduct in tho battloof Corro Gordo. and lutor was brovetod lieutenant oolonoi for bravbry at Contreros nnd Cheru busco. Years aftor Gon. S<:ott said: "Leo is tho greatest military genius In / morlea." Superintendent nt Wesl Petal and Fight ing Indians In Texas. Aft*r the Moxlcan troubles woro over Col. Lee was nppointed a momlior of the board of engineers and stationed at Boiler's Point, near Baltimore. Ho was busy with tho construc tion of Fort Calhoun until inado superintend ent of the military acadomy at West Point in 1853, whero he remained three years. During his administration tho courso of study was extended to flva years, and numerous irn {>rovemonts were mado in tho acadomy and ts surroundings. It was he who built the fine riding hall, mode tho good rood, tho \ tVarf and otlxov Iramwgm In 1859, when several new oavalrrMsxi organised, Col Lee was coJHs " of the Second lav Col. Albert ne, wko Ijrj?'B okk1ce. (Just Oi ho left lt.) nrsuea many officer* of mgn raOk ro tio'u ?Armies during tho late war, and produced uioro generals than any regiment of tue old army. Oon. Uoorgo 11. Thomas, the beloved "Pap Thomas," of the Federal army, and Johnson, ?tonouion and rainier, hIso Union ist h, and Hardee, Van Dorn, Klrby Smith, Hood, Field, Cosby. Fitzhugh I/>e, Confed erates. For sovorul ycai-s this roghnout wai ou gaged against tho Indians in Texas. Col. Lee was over aetivo, und iu ono of the battle* i distinguished himself. In a letter to his wifo dated at Fort Brown, j Tex., Doc. 27, ISOt), speaking of President Tierce's meesngo, which had something to say about "tho efforts of certain people at tho north to Interfere with and change the do mestic Institutions Of tho south," ho wrdes: "There uro fow, I beliovo, In this enlight ened age, who will not acknowledge that slavery as an Institution Is a moral and po litical evil la any country. It Is useless to expatinto on its disadvantages. I think it Is a greater ovil to the white than to the black race." llowevor, ho went on to say that tho eman cipation of tho slaves would sooner result from 'the mild and melting Influence of Christianity than from tho storms and tempest of tlery eontroversy." Ono of Ixio's ofllcers who served with him at this time has told how conscientiously he mado himself master of every detail, nover risking tho possibility of acting under lmpor foet knowledge. Stern as ho was hi matters of duty, ho attracted lovo and confldouco. IIo w as a favorite of children, and his man ner toward thorn always made them fool happy und easy in his presence. The John Brown Insurrection at Harper's Ferry woa tho eauso of I>eo's recall to Washington. Ho was ordered to take part in suppressing it, and reached tho Ferry on October 17, 1869. In February, l^t'.O, ho was ordered to asaumo tho command of tho department of Tuxau, and was stationed at Ban Antonio. Resit;11* His Commission and r.oos witn tlio Confederacy. A year later, when tho country was trem bling ou th* brink of an upheaval, and after lonio of tho southern states had seeodod from the Union, and war wa? in ilia tery air, ho relinquished nis command and reported to tho commandor-in*cblef at Wash ington. Ho was ?\ Virginian, and with tho majority of Virginians,clung to tho Union as did tho Old Dominion state horsolf. At lost, when sho was ordered to furnish her quota of troops to prcsorvo obedience within her bor* dors, sho hoisted the Confederate flag and went over to join her fortunes with the now "lost eauso." Other slave holding "border States" soon followed. Tho ofllcers of tho army and navy who had stood together as brothers separated, some to light against the flag they had previously served, others to do* tend it, and both to bo arrayed against their former comrades and fellow soldiers. Col. Leo resigned his commission and ten dered his services to tho Sinthern Con federacy. In his letter of resignation ho said: "It would lmvo beon presented at oneo but for tho struggla it has cost mo to separate myself from u service to which 1 have devot ed an the best yetsfs of my life, and all the abtiity I possessed." Ho had been a distin guished officer la the Federal army for more than a quarter of a century, and il wiis eon fldently believed that ho was destined to be tho successor of Oon, Scott, to whom lie wai devotedly attaulu I. II:>n. Mofitgouury Blair whs responsible for the statement that Presi dent Lincoln sent ono of his cabinet to offoi him tho command of the army, and Oeu. Set i did id I ho could to hifluenco him to re main, and said lo him as he hade him faro well: "Lee, you have made the greatest mistake of your lifo; but 1 feared it would be so." In a letter to his sister, written on (he 20tb of April, 1801, from Ids homo at Arlington, he wrote; "With all my devotion to tho Union, ! and tho feeling of loyally and duty of an i American citizen, I lmvo not Ixm n ablo to make up my mind to ruiso my baud against I my relatives, my children and my homo. 1 have, therefore, resigned my commission ir. j the army, and, save in dofenso of my native I state, with the sincere ho|H) thai my pool ; services may never ho needed, I hope I may ! never be called on to draw my sword. 1 know you will blame me; but you must, think 1 as kindly of mo OS you can, and holiOVO that. 1 have endeavnrori ?o rj..-, what I thouebfc i-iobt- r Col. Kee was at once mt rreo to iai\> (Olli tnand of tho Confederate forces of his state. On April 22, a few days after the lb st gun WOK fired on Fort Sllintor, ho left the home io vwe I nover to see again, and went to IUchll.ond The governor at onco nominated him us ma Jor general, with command of tho forces ol ready organized in Virginia, The state con vention unanimously confirmed tho nomina tion. Gen. Leo was presented to tho conven tion on April :."l, by tho chairman of tho uiili tary commit to, and was received with ex trr.vagant enthusiasm. Host onco organized tho state forces and put things in a defensive attitude. Thirty thousand moil woro soon collected in Virginia. Theso Ijoo orirnnhuJ oJ?' 4U*???i?i?t??i "? WASmiVOTOV IVO T..VJ4 P% rvs-IIMTV women incessantly, carefully examining Into tho minutest details, and, it is said, "inado the reputation of a skillful organizer of armies before ?o Commenced tho career of aetivo commander in the field." In July of the ?am? year the Confederate congress made Gen. I,oe a full genoial in the Confederate service, ranking next to Gen. Allwrt Sidney Johnston, tho list 1-olng Cooper, A. S. John ston, I/co, Joseph E. Johnston nnd Beaure gard. A month Inter ho took command of tho forces In western Virginia, a difficult-And disagreeable field of service. He suid: "I om ready to tako any position tho country assigns mo, and do tho liest I can." Ono of his biographers says of him: "This was the socret of his successes) ho always did 'his best,' thinking nothing which ho undertook too small to Ik> doao faithfully." And his Wifo said of him that attention to small mat ters was pro eminently his characteristic. Despite his earnest efforts to carry out his plans this campaign of Leo's was a failure, and ho returned lo Richmond In November, weighted with defeat and unappreciated and even condemned by tho pooplo he served. Ho boro all unfavorable criticism in silence. He was then put in chnrgo of tho coast dofenses Of Georgia and South Carolina, superintend' ing tho coast ruction of fortifications. Bii work in thtit Held made him now popularity and osteoin. But ho was recalled to Itieh niond in March, J86i?, with the now appoint ment of commanding gonoral, to take In charge tho ontiro military preparations of tbo Confederacy, a position he only retained ? row months, leaving it for a still inora active Hold. To hhn are largely duo (ho fortifica tions which mado (he siege of Richmond so long and so dcsiicrato. In all his mill.* ry movements ho was vory reserved, IIo practiced the maxim of his great lieutenant, "Mystery Is the socret of success." Th* Battle of Gold Knrlmr-I,?? Meeting Jaokton. It was tkqmornlng beforo tho battle of Cold Harbor. Qfrn. Loo sat silent on the steps of a house on uogan's plantation, while a crowd of ofllcers talked, planned and counoUrd around him. \ It was past noon; Hill and I/Higsfcreet halted with their men awaiting ^^l^J^^"'.^1^11 Rt NttW 001(1 was at nana; i.vr? nio mo ume ueierimnca upon for action. About noon t?o battlo be gan. At the end of two hours 1.00 sent Long Btreot to make a diversion in favor of tlio at tacking columns, and ordora lor a general ad vunco wore given. Then amid the l>elcbing or cannon and the rattnng ot niYi^ifetry a mighty cheer arose. The words "Juckson, Jackson," ran along tho lines, "in a shout so wild and triumphant," ??>'? ono w,1? was present, "tip t it rolled across tho woods and reached the ears of tho Federal army." The same soldier, who can write as well as fight, i has writtou this dramatic description of the very dramatic event, the mooting between , Loo and Jackson that immediately took place. Jacksou was riding a raw boned sorrel, with | III* Itaeesdrawn m> by tho short stirrups, hi? eyes peering out from beueatb tho low rim or his pad- j dud cod: Uirxo WAS ubsolutctv: nothing about liinv. I save CBu anvy Rr.rrs on rn9 coiltrr, tn moictu? nn rank. Lee, on the contrary, was c'ad in a nent 1 Bnlform, without decorations, rode be excellent Slid carefully groom d horse, and uiory d?'tall of liiii person, every movement of the erect and graceful iieure of the mo^t stately cavalier in the loutltern army, revealed Iiis rlovuted eharac'or, Uio consciousness of command, & species of rnoi*l and official grandeur, both of which it was Im possible to mistake. The Almighty had made both these hiimau tieiiigs truly great; to only ono of thom ha?l Ho given the additUbtl grace 0( lootia;; errat. "Ah, general," said Ijee, graspV; Jackson's baud, "1 am Tory ?lud to BOO you; I hoped to have been with you before." Jaeksoa saluted, and roturued tho pressure of Uint baud, of whose owu.ir lio Bald: "He U a phonom-nou; he is l lie only man 1 w ould follow blindfcld." den. Lee. then looked with ouxlety Ore is very heavy," ho said, in his deep voice. "Do you think your men can stand it, generalf" Jackson turned bis head quickly, listened for an instant, and then replied In the curt tones so familiar to oil who knew him: "They can stand ahnoot anything, general. They can ptand that!" Ten minutes after uttering these words Jackson saluted his commander, put ?purs to his raw boned horse, and went at full Speed torejola his corps, which, hi his own words, had closed lu upon tho front and rear of tho enemy, uud was pressing forward. Iro re mained at tho center. Thoro ho was ready to delivi r his great blow. This was ono of tho most stubborn battles of the war, and was won by the t 'onfederates, Oon. McClcllan was driven bock to tho Chlcknhomlny, It wus Ix'o's generalship which gained the Confederates tho "Bocond Battle of Manas Bos," and battled tho Federals'third advance on Richmond. lie Loads 111* Army to tho 1'rontlcr. (Sen. Leo determined to transfer his army Into Maryland, thus changing the theatre of war from the Interior to the frontier. On Sept. ?, near tho mouth of the Monocaey, to tho sounds of martial music, singing "Mary land, My Maryland," tho "ragged rebels" Crossed the Potomac, elated ard joyful at tho accomplishment of their long cherished dream. "Thousands," said Gen. I/H>, "are without shoes." One of tuo olileers of loco's Staff Bays that when, later, L.'o passed through llager.stown, ono of a group of ladles on tho sidewalk exclaimed, ns she iiis.t saw Lee: "Oh, w hat a magnificent man; w hy is ho not on our side I" After tho battlo of Sharpsburg Leo with drew again across tho Potomac, and tho ex pedition into Maryland wosover. The bloody battlo of Frodericksburg followed, in which Leo, Jackson, Longstreet and Stuart took part against. Bumside. The remainder of tbot bitter winter was passed by Leo's army near Fredericksburg, tho soldiers undergoing great Buffering. An English gentleman visited Gen. I<eo about this time, and describes him as .surrounded by none of the pomp and ceremony consid ered necessary In European camp;, although treated with profound respect and even filial \ovo by his soldiers. After tho winter tho battlo of Chancollors vlllo was fought, which cost Loo "his right arm," Gon. Jackson. This battle has been painted again am. again by graphic |>cns. Ix'e's whole army charged upon tho Federal works at Chancel lorsvlllo, und four times lost and won. Tho woods were nblazo, tho wounded lay thick underfoot with tho flames roaring around them and creeping upon thorn, tho Chancel lorsvillo h'vise was burning, making a great l.LK OOt-UCnsj ?7BKS1I5XNT. torch to light ffle awf?l Kc^tfo, the uir was denso with smoke and thick with bullota and sh'-ll, while ine shouts of tho combatants, ths rnttlo of musketry and tho roar of artillery made the seen* terrific. The victory for the Confederates wns purchased at a fearful coat ?tho death of Juckson. "From that hour till tho end," says Emily Mason in her "Popular Lifo of Lee," "on I,eo alone rested tho burden which only Jackson had boon competent to share." By tho last of June tho whole Confederate army was at Chambersburg, Tho two armies gravitated to Gettysburg, ami on July 'i, 1803, were ftce to face, nnd then began tho memorable bat tlo of history which onded in a victory for the Federal army. Tho 8d of July dawned and thoy still confronted each other; and tho 4th dawned on Lee's dismantled army, which retreated tho next day. CoL Free mantle, who was present at the battle of Get tysburg, said of Ijoo nfter the repulse: If I/>ngstrcct'a conduct wan admlrablo, that of (leu Ia'o was perfectly sublime, H* was >-n raged in rallying and encouraging the broken roops, und was riding about a llttfe iu front of tho staff, quite alone, tho wliolo of his ?taff bel?g engaged In a similar manner farther to tho rear. His face, which Is always placid and cheerful, did not show signs of tho slightest disappointment, care or annoyance, and he was addressing to every soldier ho met a few words of encourage ment. Few failed to nnswor hit appeal, i -id I saw ninny badly wounded nion take off th /bats and cheer him. Ho said tome: "This hns been a ?ad day for us. e.olonol- a sad day; but we can't expert always to rain victories." Ono of hl? gen erals coining up In great distress, lamenting Ibe state of Ids brigade, (len. fco aliook hands with hhn, saying, "Never mind, general; all this ;:as been tny fault. It la I that have lost, this light, and you must help mo out of it In the best way youcaa" Last Days of tho Confederacy?l,oe'? (fur render. Vleksburg fell, the Confederacy tottered, but tho summer passed without further de velopments. Tho winter of 18fl!)-04 found Lee's army suffering for the means of subsistence, and depleted by frequent deser tions. The spring brought the battle of the Wllderres?, where Gen. Jenkins foil dead nnd Long'.treot was wounded. Then followed the ^att'es of B)>ottsylvanin Court House, and bhotidau's cavalry raid toward Richmond, end In early Juno tho second battlo of Cold 1 ta ih .r. Later In tho snino month the siege of Petersburg was begun. Lato in July oo curred what Is known in tho south ?? *ie battlo of thoCrt.tor, and Inter that of I i chester nnd Fisher's Hill." Tho winter of 1804 found Leo's army still moro destitute, fully deserving tho name thoy had glvon themselves?"Lee's Miserables," after Victor Hugo's "Los Miserables," which was much read just than, oven by the sol diers. Cook? describee them aa arrayed In rags; their shoes solelesa, their coao, aleeve less, the<r blankem In shreds. Through all the terrible anxieties that pressed upon him, Lse remained cheerful and composed. I.cVs !q^^.te jf?..r;. connonrmg warn/a ot 100,000. Early in January Uhjwm inudo coiiiinander-iu-cbiof. Tlio lights at Hure's Hill, Fivo Forks, tho last duys nt Petersburg and the defense of Fort Gregg followed. Richmond fell and Lee led Iii? army in tlio famous six days' retreat from Petersburg. HU object was to make his way into North Carolina. Bur his army was starving and the supplies expected tomett them lit Amelia Court Houso were lost hi thellresof Riohmond. Cm the r< treat they had a struggle with Sheridan, when the rag ged, starving veterans fought fiercely, their haggard faces "lit up by tho glare of the bin iiing wagons." Soon followed tho surrender of I^oe end the army of Virginia to Grant In thw Village of Appomuttox Court House, %t the hons?? of Mr. Wllnier M'Clenn, April 0,186% the two commanders met. A Federal oflicur thu* describes I<eo's appearance; MARY CUBT18 LEB, Gen. Loe looked much Jaded and worn, but ; nevertheless presented tlio same magnificent physique for which ho lies always be Ml noted. I Be was neatly dressed In gray cloth, without em { broidery or any Insignia of funk, exe 'pt thr<e stars worn on the tin ned portion of Ids coat col ' lnr. Hie obeeks were vcrs much bronzed by ox i posure, but still shone ruddy beneath ti alt IIo 1 Is growing quite bald, and wears one of the sido locks of Iiis hair thrown across the upper por \ tlon of his forehead, which is as white and fair ns a woman's, lie stands fully six t> i-i one in hol^lit, and weighs something ovor 803 pounds, ; without being burdened with a pound of super? fluous flesh. During the whole interview ho was retired und dignified to a degree bordering <>n ! tacitiinity, but was fivo from all exhibition of tamper or mortification. Ills demeanor was that Of a thoroughly possessod gontloi.ian who bad a > very disagreeable duty to perform, but was do I tennlnod to get througti it as well and as soon as I possible. When Leo's soldiers bad learned what had taken place they broke ranks and rushed up , to him, struggling to tnko liiin by tho band and express their affection. In a trembling voice ho said to tboilli "Men, wo have fought through the war together. I have done tho best I could for you; my heart is too f ull to sav more." Tho surrender was not celebrated with music and cheers by tho victors. That night the two armies, enemies 110 longer, slept Bids by sido without fear of surprise, tin (bo 12tb of April, the army i f northern Virginia mads its last sad march to Appomuttox Court House, whore they laid down their arms and their cojors. Ills 1 lie as C'ollc;:? Prostdonl and Ills Death. In tho following August Con. Lee was pre vailed upon to accept tho presidency of Wash* ington college at Loxington, Va., now known as tho Washington and I.C0 Ullivorsity, aud was installed on tho :M of October. The collego was in a dilapidated condition, Its buildings in a state of ruin, its library de stroyed, its faculty dispirited ami disorganized and its endowment so small thot it left but little room for hope that tho Instituts could bo put In condition to receive Btudonts. Thoso difficulties only enhanced Oen. l,oo'* interest ?.. ? i-, e_ "Hfl (omul tbo nallaaa Daiflrrtiprr flo' Iert H HCtTalld orow~Uefl~witli 1111(101115." IIo labored incessantly and earn estly to males it complete in nil particulars, ami found pleasure la the work. To an old comrade in arms bo wrote: "I am charmed with the duties of civil life." After taking cborgO of thocollega bo hod offers of largo salaries to identify himself, If in name only, with prosperous insuranoa compe des und great manufacturing associa tion- Ono offered him CUO.OUO a vear and an- .her $.r>0,lHK), both of which ho"refused, b' ,'uuse lie would not receive pay where ho .id not rondor service, and his college duties ??ngrossed bis entire time and strength; yet his Hillary a- tho president was only a modest ?SjCKX?, It is said. His health began to f;ii) two or three years boforo his death. Ho died at U o'clock on the morning of thu 12th of Octobor, 1870. For 801110 days previous bo bad been delirious, and ho talked of battles won and lost, of action on tho Held and tho movements of the enemy. Among his last words were: "Strike mv tont I Bend for Filii I" They boro his body to tho college chapel, escorted by a euard of honor composed of Confederate soldiers. Next tho hcatso was led tho general's famous horse Traveler, who sun ived him but n few months. They buried his day in a tomb lienoath the chapel, Ac cording to hLs request 110 funeral oruliuu was T1IK BQVB8TIUAM BTATUK OK LEHL pronounced over his h<>dy. Row William tt, Pendleton. his old friend, read tho burial services or tho Episcopal church, of which he was a memt>or. Hero resin his mortal pin t, but where bravo men are gathered in the up per world there will bt* found his aoul. In May, 1800, the equestrian statue of Leo, by tho celebrated French sculptor, Meroio, WSS unveiled at Richmond in tbo preennce of 50.000 confederate veterans, who sent up a mighty shout when (Jen eral Joseph fa}, Johnston pulled the cord holding the covering and eXDOStd to view "Mnrso Hob" on his celebrated wurhorso Traveler. Tho recumbent statue by Valentine, at Lexington, unveiled in 188.1, is a worthy tribute to Virginia's greatest soldier. The place Leo holds in the heart of tho south nil been fitly voiced by J. LiiiKday Gordo 1 >f Virginia in an address delivered at Atlanta in 1808 OQ I^e'a birthday. Re ferring to tho belief in England that Ar thur still lives, he aiid: "Wo knowour southern Arhurshall not como again. Wo believe Ida like shall nevor come again to uh until the end of time. Hut in our memories forever ho shall be tho 'snow white chief' and his kingdom is thu inner sanctuary of our hearts. Tlio walls of the enchanted pnlnce where his body rests aro the blue moun tains of his native land, Its dome tho skies above. But the royal und released spirit has passed eternally from the shadows of defeat unto tbo place of victory where, we behove, tho knowledge that his people have struggled out of darkness Into this radiant day can touch his high soul Into greater gladness even amid the super Hal splendor of that city whore the Lord Uod aud tho Lamb aro t he light thereof." ?Tho recent famine in India cost tho government $(1,000,000, about $2 000,000 of which was In tho shapo of loans and deferred taxcH, which may be recover ed. It cost private contributors to charitable funds noarly $0,000,000. no part of which is recoverable. 13ut even this groat sum of nearly $lf>,0u0, 000 was inclllolont to proven millions of pooplo from dying of starvation and tho diseases caused by lt. n ?A pension has oeot granted to widow of Knud Kondson, a soldlo the late war, tho book pay of whlol ?rebates ovor $1.000. The man lative of Norway and was marr' 1 woman who now gots the VACCINATION POINTS. Valuable Inlbt-mut ion CoooernlUg the Client Discovery <>l Jen tier. The Cburlotto Medical Jour mil, a publication that stands high with t I medical profession, has the following interesting article on tiie subj et o( vaccination, which is timely ami valuable to the general public just now: As the eighteenth century was draw ing to a 01080, it Hashed before tho world a brilliant discovery. For twenty years an earnest patient roseacher after truth had been warm* | ing a spark into a glow, that was to burst forth Illuminating tho darkness by promised freedom from the most dreaded of all discuses, saving thous ands of lives, giving protection from disgusting disease and death, and making the name of "Jenner" immor tal. Living millions owe their ex istence to bis untiring perseverance, with his gift of vaccination sm ill pox ceased to be king of disease, und man became its master saying, " thus far shalltbou go and no further." Si ice its origin away, baok in tho dark aged, this monster had devoured millions ol lives. In times paot an army of men. women and children, live hundred thousand strong have annually been sacriticed by this dot troy er. Three million and a half died of this disease in Mexico In 1507, millions perished in Brazil in 1503, It made its appcaranoo in the Uolted states with [rightful mortality In Kil'.t, and oarried off thousands upon thousands in Kussia in 1*1:!. Today advancing civilization gives no excuse for the wide spread epide mics of this disease, for vaccination having Btood the test of a century has proven a weapon of sure defence. In the vaccinated Cennun army of the Franco-1 'russian war, there were only two hundred and sixty-one cases of trauli pox, while it attacked over twenty-throe thousand ol the unvaccl nated French. With an enforced law compelling vaccination during the first years of life, to be repeated at the ago of twelve, Germany has lowered her j death rate from this disease to 1.7 per hundred thousand, and in 1800 there were only 1.18 cases to each million population. A careful review of tho mortality tables of small pox shows a difference in favor of vaccination of C$7.TS per cent. With this great oloud of facts before us, it seems beyond com prehen sion that men living in thin enlighten1 ed age should doubt the eQloienoy of vaccination, and yet this friend of mankind has Buffered insult and abuse and been so maligned in the community where it was born that as It ncared its centennial birthday, as if in punish ment for their hardness of heart, and to make them aoknowlcdgo It as a !_-ift divine, the king of terrors broke loose with unusual violence, and was not subdued, Until, repenting they turned from the errors of their ways and sought its ever ready help. Leo und of the Biudk's Plowkk.? Like all familiar customs whose origin is lost in antiquity, the wearing of orange blossoms at a wedding is ac counted for In various ways. Bays an exchange. Among other stories is the following pretty legend from Spain : An African king presented a Spanish king with a magnificent orange tree, whose creamy, waxy blossoms and won derful fragrance excited the admira tion of the whole court. Many begged in vain for a branch of the plant, but a foreign ambassador was tormented by the desire to introduce so great a curi osity to his native land. He used every possible means, fair or foul, to accom plish his pur nose, but all his i fforts coming to naught, he gave up in despair. The fair daughter of tho court gar dener vas loved by a young artisan, but lacked the dot which the family con sidered necessary In ah; ?de. One day. obancing to break oil a spray oi orange blossoms, the gardener thoughtlessly gave it to his daughter. Seeing the coveted prize in the girl's hair, the wily ambassador ollored nor a sum BUllloiont for the desired dowry, provided sin; gave him the branch raid say nothing about it. Her marriage was book colebrated, and on her way to the altar, in grateful remembrance of the source of all her happ'nogs, she secretly broke off another bit of the lucky tree to adorn her half. Whether the poor court! aroener lost his head in consequence of his daugh ter's treachery the legend docs not state, but many lands now know the wonderful tree, and i ver since that wedding day .orange blossoms have been considered a fitting adornment for a bride. ?Tho following reeipo is recom mended most I Ighly by au excellent cook who says that since its introduc tion the members ol the family she serves will cat no other sort of pickles. Slice, as for tho table, but leaving the skin on, twenty-four cucumber* ami One quart of onions; cover well with salt. In the morning drain weiland mix one-half pint good olivooil. three tablespoons black pepper and one quarter pound ground mustard. ?Tho "Pioneer." the first sleeping car l'ulltnen built, passed through Kansas City to its old homo at Pull man, III. It was pressed into service during the Christain F.nileavor rush to San Francisco. It cost $30,000. ?Tho OUtBt of an oyster tongman's canoe consists of a pair of rakes, a pair of tongs, a pair of nippers, a cutting hoard, several culling hammers, a couple of half-bushel baskets and an iron half-bushel. The earliest complete clock of whiob an accurate record exists was made in tho thirteenth century by a Saracen mechanic. When a woman gets sickly, nervous, fretful and despoude nt the average husband doesn't have the faintest c oacept i on of what is the matter. When s h o gets worse, and he final ly realizes that Ul li ealt h of some description has something to do with it, he calls in some obscure neighborhood doc tot. The chances are that the doctor ?ays it's stomach, or liver, or heart trouble. Nine times in ten he isn't within a mile of right. lie treats for these troubles and Charges big bills until the husband gets dis gusted and throws him out. The trouble is usually weakness or disease of the dis tinctly feminine organism. Many husbands, after paying big doctor bills while their wives grew steadily worse, have at last written to a physician of na tional reputation and learned the truth. Tlicy h?V? been justly indignant at the ig not.int pretenders who have experimented upon their wives' health. By wilting to lir. R. V. Pierce, any ailing woman may receive the free advice of an eminent and Skillful specialist, for thiity years chief consulting physician to the Invalids' Hotel snd Surgi cal Institute, at Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription is a marvelous med icine for women. It cures all '.veakuess and disease of the organs distinctly feminine. It heals nil internal nictation and inflam mation and stops debilitating drains. Over Oo.ooo women have testified, over their own signatures, to its wonderful merits. "I'or several yenrs I suffered with prolapsus of the uterus," writes Mis* A. I^ee Schuster, of llox l>, Rodney, Jefferson Co., Ml??. " I had a fall (Vom my horse, causing ret reversion of the uterus. Our family physician treated me for kidney trouble and everything else hut the right thing. I grew worse and worne. My body was enilewted, hand* ami feet clammy mid cold, stomach weak, with great palpitation of the heart. I dreaded for night to come, fori would suffer from nausea 'tit night, and so I continued until I hegnu taking pr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription anil I l^ganto Improve right away. Iam now well and hsppy.'i Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets regulate and invigorate stomach, liver and bowels. Not IP Shk KNEW It.?A curious Old marriage custom, which is ?tili widely prevalent In Brittany, was re cently Inter pie'cd In a novel and amusing manner. According to the oustom, the bridegroom, Immediately after the priest had wedded the c< U ple, strikes his wife in the face, saying* "This is how you will fare if you makt me angry." and then, kUalug her, lit says: "This is hew you will fare if you treat m i wo 1." A short iime ago a young Breton married a Gorman girl, and, after the ceremony was over, began at once to practice the liist part of the timc-hon ored custom Tho bride, who was in ikk i nt of tho "inner meaning " of what lIio considered an insult, turned rounJ on her lord and master and returned the Stroke, saying: "book here, 1 do not approve, of BUOh behavior ;" after which the busband is said to have per formed the second part of the cere mony with more than usual alYectiou ?The old tollhouse on the Huston post road, at tho Connootlout line, near Greenwich, is to bo removed. Washington and bis army were per mitted to pass through free, and were given two barrels of ale by the keeper's wife, beaidi s. \V. 11. MARTIN, Attorney at Lu \v, Lau kens, - South Carolina. Will practice In all Courts <d' this state Attention given to collections*. H. Y. SIMPSON. 0. I). UAKKSDALF SIMPSON ?V BAKKSDALU, Attorneys at Law, LAURENS, SOUTH CAROLINA Special attention given to the investi gation of titles and collection of claims B. W. n.M.I.. Ij, W. BIM KINS. w. W. ll.M.l. BALL, SHI KINS ?V It ALL, Attorneys at Law, Lauuens, South Carolina. Will prnotice in all state and United Stales Court. Special attention given collections 60UTHERN RAILWAY. Cnudeimod schedule ta EfTee* Jt'lV 4. 1807. STATIONS. ,\. Cliarleaton. ..v. Oohunbla .. Ar. Ar. Ar Ar. Ar. frostier n jr.. Newoerry .. Nlnoly-bfx., Greenwood. Hod yon ..... "AlThuvlfle ... Behon.. Anderson^. Uroeuv?fle Atlnuta . STATIONS. j ff] ni ig p 3 FS? ? nj * ao p'ra, 0~8? u B ?4 I.V. Greenville .., " Piedmont... ?* Williams! on. l.v. Anderson.,., Lv. heHon. Ar. Donnaldi... l.v Abbeville.?. Lv. H?35os. *? ni uunwood M Ninety-Six., ?* New borry .. M Prosperity.. Ar. <iolumbla Ar. Charleston. \;?% N.'.'n] STATIONS TSS? 7 1?1* L"vT7Tt 1iarl?-?ton. "8:h?a Ii S?al ... IJ?mniiua 907a 121op| H .... Aismn. 10 30 * ni 10 56 S * 11 18 a ss rrs a m Ii ojj>_bj ~[\~"U a ra rti ?p * lOOpm 1 24 ? ta 9 2A p m 2 B7 ? w 8 60 p ra 8 ?? p ra 10 Wal 1 '.!<Si> je 2oa Z02p " . l0M"a 228p " IQ 61? ?RTp " . 11 25a B Ar 11 |J i l.v 8 7 Ar ~ "P." p. - TriUn* !> and 10 sleeping .-urn l>it\v< lNo.fl fiiWjoTr 3 86p "* 2 4T,p 1 26p , I U\p ?? 1? . " 112 Up Lv ;i u>* Ar II 28a l.vi 8 VMa ?Mo i kJm 7 4?p t SCp flMp A 47p ? ?ip eosp h?ut MO .. Unten_ Jones* Ute ... paeitlet. . Sparlaiibui g Spart anburg ,. Ashevllle. p. m. "A." h ni. cnrrv c.-w-an? Pullsian Qoluinbla nnd Asliovtll*. ein ?ute dally b?nvo?n Jacksonville ai?d Olnoin cat I. Trains lrnve Bpartanbnr?, A. & o. division, northbound. 0:87 a.m., ? 47 p.m., ?;18 p.m., (Voittllmle I,In.tied); BOUthboillld 18|W O, m.. Jd'i |?. in.. II :i>71>. in.11 vestibule Limited.) Train? leave Greenville. A. and o division, nnrthbouud, 6 '4.'. a. in., 2 ;ti p. m and 6:1)0 p. in., iVtMttlmled LliiilU'd)'sontlilKinnd. 1:88 a. m.. ,A>i>. in.. 12.bo p. in lv?*Ubul?d Limited). Pullman Bervlee. Pullman palace sleeping earl on Trainees ana Ert, 87 and H8, o i A. miU C. division. W. U. GRBR1 . J M GULP Glen. Superintendent, Traruo M'j'r. WMblUBton, D. O. Wnr.h'ngtna, D. O W. A. TURK O. n. HA11DWICK. Gen. Pass, t't. As't Qen. Pass. A|*fc AUauia. da. 1 'ass, Washing. ,a, V. C pHAKLKSTON & WESTERN CABO linn Railway Co. " Augusta and Asl ? ,-illc short Line." Schedule in effect Oct Jrd, 1W. Lv Augusta.U 40 am ] 40 pm \r (ireenwood.12 17 pro . I.v Anderson. tj 10 am Ar 1.aureus. 115 pm 7 00 am (irecnville. 2 oo pm 10 30 am tllei... Springs.4 05 pm .... Sparianburg. 3 00 pm 9 25 am Kaluda .5 3 pm . llendcrsonvillo. .. 003 pm . Ashevillc. 7 00 pm . I.v Ashovtllo. 8 20 am . Spartanburg.1145 am 4 89 pm tircenviilc.1155 am 4 00 pm Laurens. 1 15 pm 7 80 pm Anderson. 7 00 am . (ireenwood. 2 28 pm 0 85 pm ArAugUHta.5 Ot) pm 11 10 am Ar Aikcn. 6 50 pm _ i,v Uroonville .H 50 am Ar Clinton . 2 10 pm Nowberry... 2 57 pm Prosperity . 3 13 pm Columbia. . 4 30 pis Suinter . 11 42 pm bancs.. 7 48 pm IjV Charleston. 7 00 am Lanes . . 8 20 am Bumter. 0 35 am Columbia. 11 00 am Prosperity . 11 58 am Ncwbcrry. 12 10 pm Clinton. 12 50 pm Ar (irecnville_ . 300 pro i lose connections at iirecnv>oou lor al points on S. A. L. and 0. & Q. Railway, and al Spartanburg with Southern Railway. For informal ion relative to tickets, rat 8 schedules, etc. address W.J. CHA1U, Uen Vase. A gout. Augusta, Ua .1. K. Grlfllil, Agent; C. 11. Speights, Ocl Veent (Irecnville H. O. SOUTHERN RAILWAY. riKPMONl A1 K UM& ?eo??*j?4 N?n?dulo i?f r*H*n(?r Tralau In Eflfoot M?r 9, 1*91. r.t.Ml Korthboanrt. I U |No. ?I AllrmtH. Q. T, All tut?, K T * S'ororuM * Buford.. ... * eJnti.?.?vl)1o. * Lr.la. " UnruelU. .. tr. M? Airy r. Tooooc . ... * Wiviiauntor " Kotten? . .. . * r~iitr?t. ? (?reenviho . " f*l>wi tKulinrg " Qnu'iinys. " BlnekAouri. M King/s Mt ?' (-IrislonlO . .. l?y. Chrwlotto . . Ar Iliuivill? Ar. Richmond ... Ar Washington " Baltin'ftP'tTt - Philadelphia ? New York .. SanthliowaO. csnui a Lv. V Y.-TTT " Philadelphia " Baltimore " VVm Ovinif ton. Lr Richmond .. Lv. T) inv'llo . . Ar. Ohnrlotta . Lv. (?i.-istonln " K iik * tSt " 1? nclcshi " ?Hilf " fSpnrtnnbura.il " O eenvtllo... . H Control. " S?-l?* " Westminster " IV .moo " Ml. Airy " Cornell ? Lu.i?. . " Ouliinsvillc " Huford " N'urcron ,., , Ar. Ailnni*. IS T. ? 10 Ar. AMnntn, C T.j 6 :0 ft 8 6* y>\ 0 HO p| ? SO J "A" h n>. "P " p. rn. "M" noon. "N" nicht. No* 87 Mild 8*?DnllT. Wanhlnijton ?od Bouthy western Vestib?l? Limited. Through Pul Im a4 ?Imping cor? bot ween New York nud Now Ot leans, via Washington, AiluntA and Mnutgon ? ? rv, nnd nlno Sstwion New Yorli nnd Wninnb'k. \ i.i W my' mi Ai lun'a a'ul Htruilutrham. FlrSs cIah? thoroughfare ?-<m<-iio? hei wVra Washing ton und Atlant?. Dlnlug oara ?orvo All ntoall on routa. N.i?. at etil 8S-- Unttod r,)At?s Fart kts4 run* mild brcwenn Waahlnf*.<<n und New lean*, rl? Southern Railway, A Xt V7 P. H. R oud L * N. R Jt , hotnr oor?nosod of Wggagt ooj- and OOaotlM, throM^n wtUtOUl oht?ni<o f*f Pannen got * t>/ All o)akv?ia. Pu'lmnn dt-?wt*| room bIcav'.iic ?*r* batwnon Now York hSM Mkw Orloaua, ??I? aUah'a ami Montgoinmy. I^iAs-itig Washington ?a.-h fiRtur?!'?.?. a tourftl ti??piu({ ear >vni run through hntwnSn Wnanr Beton ?n.d ^fvn FratieUrio without ohan^n No 11, 8. And 12? PuUmnn ?loenlni'ears ?* ?w?oi> Richmond and On-rlo te. tl? Donald* c.>?>?!. o.i-i 1 v."o?. II ,\nd If, northbound No If Tho Air Line ;?<? ?? (rain. No*. 17 and IS, b*> twee:-. Atlant* hbJ \louut Airy. 3s.. daily oS? ?out Sundar. W 1-1 (4RKiSN, S. M.OtTIJt. flm'l Supr.. Tralle M'gV,. Washington, D>. OX Wnshtr-ir'-^d, 9. <S W A TUflK, R. n. HARTWIGS, Ofn'I Pn?- Ag't ? Aas*tt*#?i'l Ph*?. Ag*^ WftAh' .??/?*. n n ' He is our Fashionable Hair Gutter and Shav. r. -IN BENDELL.A HOTEL. Mill Men, Now is the time to plaee your orders for Saw and Grist MILLS. We are Headquarters for each in their respective lines. Write us. W. H.Gibbes & Co., .Wi?), Wiitlts avil HI Supple.