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THE PH1NOBTON INN. A College An-aiiKcinciii that IIa? Created a lmrgo Amount of Kx oltomcut Throughout tho Coun try. The fight against the Princeton Inn, a hotel established at Princeton, N. J.. for tho special use of students and patrons of Princeton University, bun attracted the attention of thousands nil over tho country. It is said that the Now Brunswick Bynod will take some sort of action upon tho matter, especially in tho case of Prof. Shields, who was one of tho signers of tho petition upon which tho inn was grunted its license to Bell liquors. Another of the bignors was ox-Presl dent Cleveland, whose signature it wus that gtive the inn management tho necessary numbor of signatures to insure tho issuunce of tho license,. Professor Shields, who is a minister of tho Presbyterian church, and bears tho title doctor of divinity, bus been eevorely criticised by parts of tho coun try, and a resolution condemning him will bo introuueed at tho meeting of tho synod. If it is adopted, ho will resign his professorship and his con nection with tho church ?at loaat bo it is reportod. He has for thirty years oeen a profossor lr Frinceton. Many syuodB h ?vo condemned the profefcor and th 3 inn. There has been raided all over tho country u hue and cry against tho ion ; Presbyterian ministers and Prosbyterian associa tions have been particularly active ; and so groat has been tho clamor over tho matter, that It has become almost a national issue. In view of all which, some facts about tho inn and tho university may bo of interest. For time out of mlud, Frinceton students who dosired tu drink alcoholic bcveragos have been forced to patronize vt ritable grogshops in Friucoton town. Those saloons have been of tho worst imaginable kinds. Tho tbousmds of stuio nt- at tending the big school havt ever had among them a certain number who would drink. These spent their nights in tho saloons of the town, whore tho proprietors would servo any sort of liquor demanded, and whence boys camo forth staggering and dazed from tho use of spirits. Such was the state of affairs when four years ago Moses Taylor Fyne, a trustee of Frinceton and an alumnus, determined that ! Vi nerton mon should not be subjected to these indignities. Ho went among his frionds and tho , friends of Frinceton and raised enough money to build the splondid hotel that Is now called tho " int." A double purpose was in Mr. Pyno's mind when he caused tho hotol to bo built. Not in all Frinceton was there a hotol which might bo called what is known as first-class. Of course, there wero hotels, but they wero of tho cheap kind, and it was in these hostelries that frionds and parents of studonts wero compelled to put up when thoy visited Frincoton. Mr. Fyno conceived the idea of killing two birds with odo stone. Ho would build a Quo hotol to accomodate visitors to the university and he would supply a place whero the students could be served with beer and ale under the supervision of tho univorsity. A stock company was formed, tho hotel was built and a manager was secured who had com petent ability as a hotel man, and who also knew the wants and tho vagaries of college students. This manager is a very sedate uppcaring gentloman, who rules the famous grillroom with a rod or iron. To this man was intrusted the task, or duty, of seeing that no " freshy " or " soph " got into tho grill room?the place downstairs whero tho " alo and cakes" are sold?without being accompanied by a senior. Tho grillroom is opon until 11 o'clock every night, and any student in "Old Nassau" may enter so long as these, restrictions are observed, drink as much beer as ho may desire to consume, and smoko Innumerable pipofuls of tobacco, while tho roof tree sends back the echo of tho very best songs that Frincoton talent can produce. That is tho inn and its purposes. Tho Oght is directed particularly to ward the grillroom. Upstairs in tho inn is a room where studonts of any class may, when with their relatives, obtain any kind of alcoholic bovorago they wish to order. This part of tho programme Is so purely a personal matter that no ono has objected to It, except on general principles. Tho rule is imperative?students can get nothing here except with their rela-, tlvoB. This part is a hotel, nothing more. Now, Trustee Pyno boliovcs thoroughly in the institution and so, It may bo said, do most of tho authorities of Frinceton, who contend that tho real Issue Is between tho torn per a nee. ?f a licensed hostelry where thero is the strictest regulations and tho In temperance of the bad barrooms of tho town. Pyne declaros that If tho grill room Is to be closed the whole thing must be closed?that tho closi ng will start at the top and strike tho grill room last. Tho alumni aro generally with Mr. Fyne In his position and it is E:enerally understood that President 'atton and the other authorities agroo with them. In this connection Tho Chicago Times-Herald furnishes an Interesting phase of tho controversy. It tells of the strong criticisms that aro coming from Presbyterian ministers in gonoral and somo of them in particular, and adds : "The university authorities havo no hesitancy In speaking tacitly, if not overtly, about the peculiar and deli cate debt that is c'uo to them from tho ministry of tho FroBbytorlan church, 't'liin debt is a remarkable one In some ways. It is worth reforring to In ex tenso. M Prom the very beginning of the university the sons of the Presbytorlan ministers have boon eduoated freo of charge at Prlnoeton. There are many hundreds, nay, thousands, of Presby terlan ministers' sons who have boon graduated from 'Old Nassau,' with not a cent for tuition. Not alone that. Scores of eminent Presbytorlan min isters have been glvon their education in the arts In this old school, for Prlnco ton not only educated the sons of Prts byterlan ministers froo of charge, but she baa also given froo education to young men who proclaimed tbeir de elre to become Presbytorlan ministers themselves. And this is not tho ond of Princeton's generosity. Although a Presbytorlan foundation, Princeton has consistently opened her doors with out oharge to the sons of ministers, no matter what the denomination, and has so broadened her polity that any young man who wished to become a minister, whatevor his denomination, had freo access to her halls and to all thatsho had to give. " In view of these facts, certalu members of the faculty, the alumni who own the now famous 'inn,' and the friends of Princeton who are teetotalers themselves, are somewhat surprised, to say the ieast at the attitude of the Eresbyterles that have openly and arshily criticised the university for maintaining what the olergy oall a 'grog-shop' in elasslo Princeton. President Patton ami others havo not uomo out llatly on tho subject, out it is known that tho fooling in this respect is running high, and there are rumors that if tho church continues to attack tho university as it has been doing for tho last two weeks, tho 'free list' will bo suspended; and clorgynaon's sous and prospective elorgymon will bo forced to sook out semoothor university for their education, or 'pay up.'" Ex-Prosldont Clovoland has been soveroly criticised for tho part ho took iu signicg tho petition for license, and he has sont tho following characteristic tologram to tho Chicago Times-Herald in reference to tho mattor : " 1 don't care if ull the synods and presbyteries in tho country wore to offer an adverse decision, it would bo no good reason why 1 should alter my opinion. I am very sorry that Dr. Shields has boon bothored over this matter, as he is an old and very dear friend of mine. Otherwise, tho action of tho presbytory does not affect mo in tho least. When I signed tho petition for the liquor license of tho Princeton inn, I in no sense committed a wrong, and if tho same proposition camo up for my consiuoratlon aga!n 1 would do tho samo thing." ?- I? ? ?-? f HOBO A KB AND COHN DODO KliS. Aro They to Disappear Ilccauso of .??(>(lern Cooks rml Sloven ? Richmond lbspatch.; While our govorumont is industri ously tit work trying to introduce In dian corn into tho domestic economy of Kuropoan families, it seems to tako no note of the lamcntablo fact that in this country corn is less used for broad than formerly. Most middlo-aged persons romomber woll when corn bread was served upon nearly all tablos in tho South and West at least twice a day. Sometimes it ap peared in tho form of " hoocako," or "dodgers," at othor times as egg or " batter broad," and again in " pones." It was par excellence "tho" broad of tho nogro, and overy man who sorved in the Confederate army was also a well graduate in tho ubo of it. Now the darkies eschew it whoro wheat bread is to bo obtained, and upon tho tablos of thousands of Southern and Western whites it nover appears at all, whllo others continue to use it only for din ner. Now, why is this? Surely cornmoal Is as good aa it ovor was. Th< se who sincerely, but probably mistakenly, bo lieve that "water-ground" meal is hotter than tho product of mills lurm d by steam can always Und a supply of that in most cities, and it is common enough In the country. There is n ? troublo about the meal, but wo doubt whether tho art of cooking it has been preserved. The high-toned colored damsels who aro turned out by our public schools are not tho adepts that our old Aunt Dinahs and Aunt Feggys were. No seif-rospocting pan of dough would be conjured into shapo by such unskilled hands. And thon we may doubt whether corn bread can bo cooked in a stove as well as an open Ii replace Tho Indians laid their dough cakes between layers of forest loaves, or upon tho bard ground, and cooked thorn in the hot ashos. Hence "ash cako," a very luscious product, indeed, whon one has whettod his appetlto for it by a long day's bunting. Tho boccako is so called because it was originally baked upon a hoe?that ever ready and useful instrument of agriculture, which is to bo found upon overy plantation. But later on cooking utensils wore manufactured, which took tho place of tho humblo hoo. So, too, shingles wore used whorcon to placo the dough while it wont through the process of becoming a well-done ashcako. In Mr. Lane's "Choir In visible" which contains many interest ing incidents of border life in Kentucky, we observe that thoro the favor ito shinglo for this purpose was cut from the ash troo. In eastern Virginia and North Carolina a cypress shinglo was generally used, but any sort would do whero tho boat was not to bo had. "Crackling bread," too, was much In voguo in the olden days, especially shor.ly after hog-killing time. For tho composition of this broad it was neces sary not only to have coramoal, but also choice bits of crispy, fried hog moat. It could ho bakod olther as an ? ashcako in the ashea or aa a pone in an kovon. In Europe, tho insunorablo objection to tho use of cornmoal for human food is that in most countries the family baking is dono only onco a week. Now, it is well known that corn broad is not a palatable whon cold as whon hot. Hence our transatlantic friends and kinsmen have novor esteomed corn meal highly for family food. They buy it nowadays In groat quantities, but use it for tho most part as cattle foed. Tho Confederate aoldler was somo timos served with rations of flour, but oftenor with rations of oornmeal. And ho usually had an appetlto which mado him reliab corn bread, hot or cold. In his marches?advances or retreats? ho wasofton without cooking utensils, and found it advantageous to cook ash cakes. Tho avorago Johnny Iteb askod no groater luxuries than a good, big ashcako and a canteen of buttermilk. The aghcako ho could generally got, but buttermilk was a rarity. For It tho country was scourod by soldlors afoot or mounted, and theso follows came to ho known If not honored, as " buttormilk rangers." Cornmeal was cooked In all possible ways by our soldlors; and thoro wero numerous men in that patriot band who considorod themBolves groat " chofs ;" but thoy had always the ad vantage of fcoding half-f imishod men -young mon too. Undor such circum stances it is tho quantity rather than tho quality of tho food that Is most looked after. However, our army cooks won groat praise in thoir day and gen eration, and all of them know how to make good corn bread; also " ilap jacks," which woro ofton compounded of moal and flour and wero baked in a greasy frying pan, and had to be fre quently " turned," whloh skilled Con federates wore wont to do by bouncing thorn high into the air and catching them in the nan a9 thoy can down upon tho " othor " aide. But all of this is aside from tho main question, which is: Why Is it that corn bread is not as muoh in voguo as formerly in tho South and Southwest? Doubtless tho modern cook and tho cooking stovo havo muoh to do * 1th its enforced absonce from our boards, but there must be other reasons. If so, what are they ? Havo our appetites failed us, or Is cor^moal not so good as, and flour better Mum, formerly, or is it that we have been Vji.,;-- ,ized in this respoct as in sjme others? We ask the Attention of tho Wash ington administi adon to these ques tions, hoping that it will not only be able to secure the general use of our sornmoal abroad, but that It will be able to revive the use of It upon a more extensive scale by our own people. lillAj A Kl* ON TIIH KOAI). Itouglt Kxncrionco on a Circus Train ?l'roteetlng a Sweet and Tender Young Woman front Wild lieusin, but 'Twas All a Dream. "Hard, hard, Indeed, is tho contoBt for freedom and the struggle for liber ty.'' ''There is no rest for tho wicked." This world la all a fleeting show and Jordan is a hard road to travel, I be lieve ! Fhero aro other ejaculations I might utter, for of lato there has been trouble, on tho old man's mind. You sco, 1 was invited over bore to talk to these people in a humorous and philo sophic way and my wife said as the larder was getting low and tho girls needed sonio moro winter clothes, and tho tax man was bobbing around and tho grand-children would bo expecting something for Christinas, sho thought I had hotter go. So sho packed my valiso with my best clothes ani forti fied me with a little drug storo of camphorated oil and llannul and liver medicine and paregoric and cough drops and quinine and headache powders, and so forth and so on. Wo kissed good-hy all round and I departed fooling like, i wiih being driven oil from homo by sad nocesslty. 1 took tho Sea hoard AlrTdno at Atlanta bound for Charlotte, via Monroe, but our engine broko down about dark and thi? de layed us three long, dreary houis, and whon wo reached Monroe it was way after midnight and tho Charlotto train had gone. There were threo nice ladios aboard and several gontiomon, who woro greatly disappointed, but tbo conductor was kind and sympathe tic and said there was a circus train near by that was goiDg to Charlotto right away and if wo didn't mind rid ing thirty milcB in a cab, ho would get us tho privilege. The. ladios said yes, and wo did too, and climbed in. It was as dark as Erebus. Wo folt cur way to find soats but there was nothing but some long tool boxes whoso lids woro hard and cold. Thoro was no fire and tho wind blew through a broken glass on tho back of my head. Tho ladieB chatted away morr'ly, for they woro going homo, but I wasn't and I couldn't chat to save my life, for I was very tired and thought of that good, soft bed at homo. By and by tho con ductor camo In with a lantern and took up our tickets and left us in the dark again. About that time tho animals got restless and tbo lion gavo an un earthly howl. You boo this was a menagerie train. "The animals went In two by two, The elephant and the kangaroo," and every time the cars careened about or swung round a curve wo could hoar some devilish nolso ahead of us. "Oh mercy," said tho youngest girl, "sup poso they break out !" "They will eat the sweetest and tondorcst first," sale I, "lions always do." I pulled my cloak up over the back of my bead and ruminated. For two long hour.- wo jogged along, for the train was running slow to suit tho wild boasts and we woro of no constquonco. It was near It o'clock whon wo got to the suburbs of Charlotte and stopped. Nobody was looking for us?nobody rushed forward to moot us, no porter nor hackman? no omnibus or Btreet cars, not even a wagon or an ox cart or a darky. The moon had hid borsolf to keep from see ing our misery, but wo seized our grips and w.-aps and aatchois and made a march for tho olectric lights. My companions soon separated from me and I marched in single fiio with my big valise full of clothes and Iho drug storo, and struggled for threo quarters of a mllo up tho long and hard side walk. I am not used to are lighte, and tho tlickering shadow of overy tree and telegraph polo looked liko a man In ambush who was fixing to hold me up. I had forgotten whore tho hotels wore, and unconsciously passed them, for the doors were all shut, and there was no sign. By and by I mot a police man and ho conducted me back to the hotel, and I was as thankful um I was tired and humble. My pitiful tone of voice secured mo kind attention and a bed. When a man is far away from homo, IiIb warmest wolcomo is an inn. But I did not rost well. A 10 o'clock supper, on fried sausago and scrambled eggs and stalo oysters, disturbed my corporoslty and I dreamed that a tiger got loose and camo prowling and howl ing around tho car and somohow I got a hatchet out of tho toolbox and lifted tho young lady through the port hole upon the roof, and volunteered to de fend her with my life and my sacrod honor. Tho tiger mado desper ate loaps to get up thoro, but every time he got a paw on tho eavo, I cut it off and lot him fall back again. I don't know what bocamo of tho other iadles, but think that othor wild beasts got iu and eat them up. Tho men had all tlod prematurely, but I saved tho pretty flri, the sweotest and to.idorost, boforo woko up. Who wouldn't, in a dream? What curious things are dreams, any how! Tho next trouble on tho old man's mind came ovor him at Salis bury, whore I was billed to lecture that night. On my arrival 1 found that august body the Presbyterian synod in session. Preachors and eldors innumerable woro scattored among tho good people all ovor town. Thoy woro holding night sessions, and wouldn't havo adjourned for McKlnloy or Grovor Cleveland or tho yellow fovoror a fire. But this was not all, tho Episcopal bishop was to lecture on tho Holy Land, where he had boon recently, and I know that I would fall botweon and got smothored. Mr. Marsh soomed to feol very bad, and apologized by saying that whon he bookod me ho did not know of theBO mootlngs. "Well," said I, "the saints will all go to thoso meet ings, but you havo slnnors in this town." Ho admitted that there woro some. And so I wont ahead and loctured, and was surprised to soo bo foro me a soloct and cultured audiown, soloct, and I hope olect according to Presbyterian thoology. So all is well that onus woll. Tho next evening found mo at tho nico lit tlo town of Marion, in westoru North Carolina, away up in tho land of the sky. They are good people there, I know, for they tilled thocourthouso that night and gave me an ovation. The old soldiers aro thick In that rogion, and thoy oamo out to hear me, and oorao of us got togothor and talked of old Bob Lee and Joe Johnston and Generals Early and Render and Whiting and Boke and Bansom and I'ottlgrow and Cllngraan and others. Their oyes watered and their hoarts burned with Id thorn, and they got oloser and olosor together. What a people these tar heels are?these descendants of tho 3cotohl About ovcry other name Is Scotch, a Mel iiimi or Mo Kail or Mc Laurin or McArthur or McSomothlng else, and then there aro Alexanders everywhere and Caldwolls and Car lyles. After tho lecture we had a musicale at the hotel by the gifted Gruber family, who keep the hotel, Mr. Grubor and Mrs. Grubor and thoir seven ohlldren. I have hoard much musio during my long life, but I never heard any oetter anywhere. Bow the old man's fingers did dance upon tho string; how sweetly did the still hand ) 1 somo matron Bing tho, "Last Kobo of Sumuior" uui) other old-tlmo songs of Scotland! What delightful chords came from tho piano under tho touch of tho young ladies and tho swoot little black-eyed girl of only ton summers! Aud when they played "Homo, Sweet Homo," with variations, I could hard ly restrain my tears. I folt like we all ought to hold a soanco If wo could with John Howard I'ayno and toll him how tho world loved him for his song. I had sweot dreams that night. 1 am still on tho grand rounds talking to tho unpretending people of this grand old state It 800U1B to have got out, how over, that 1 had joined John Kobiu bon's circus aud gone off with It. Somo of theBO mischievous drummers told that. Yours on tho wing, BILL Am?. THE BALING OP COTTON. An lOxpcrieiieetl Manufacturer Taken Urouml Against tho Use of the 1 found Bale. Tho cylindrical or round halo of cot ton is attracting much attention, and w3 append herewith from tho Manu facturers' Uocord a letter from Col. Jas. L. Orr, of tho l'lodmont mills, who opposes tho uso of round bules for reasons given by him. His position has been criticised by cotton exports, who contend that, ho is in error. Col Orr'b letter will provo interesting to farmers : In this iesuo wo publish a letter from Mr. James L. Orr, president of tho Piedmont Cutton Manufacturing Co., one of tho foremost cotton-mill men of South Carolina, in which ho takes very decided ground against tho round bale. Th i Manufacturers' Uocord re gards his position as untenable and thinks that ho has prcsontei ..n en tirely errorioous statement of t sc e. But when a man of Mr. Orr's position in tho cotton manufacturing world ad vances an argument against anything bearing on cotton it demands the most careful investigation, and with this in view tho Manufacturers' Record, in order that both sides of tho ease might bo stated, subinittod a copy of Mr. Orr's letter to Od. Alfred B. Shopper* son, the well-known cotton statistician of Now York, who Is recognized throughout tho cotton world as a care ful, conservative authority, always friendly to tho Southern planter, and to I'M ward Atkinson, tho distinguished publicist of Boston, and asked them to present a reply to the points made by Mr. Orr. The letters are published In connection, in order that both sidos of tho Oase m^y be fully stated. Mr. Orr writes as follows : Editor Manufacturers' Record:, The question is much debated whether the proposed round bale of cotton is desirable. Wo would answer in the affirmative so far as the ex porter is concerned, but in tho nega tive as to tho producer and Southern manufacturer. Tho producers, who own the ginneries, would lose the ma chinery now in operation if tho Ameri can 1 Cotton Co. erected Its own gins anu presses, which would amount to $50,000,000, if there aro, as reported, 40,000 ginneries in tho South valued at an avorage of $1,250. Tho present outfits, being Inexpen sive, aro numorous and scattered over the whole cotton-producing soction ; tho now sydtom, bolng more costly and capable of greater work, would bo further apart, and wo must allow for tho additional cxponse of hauling. Tho next loss which the producer would sutler, aud for all time, would bo on tho covering of tho balo. Now he pays seventy-live cents, say, for ono pattern of bagging and ties, weighing twenty-two pounds. This ho sells, if cotton is seven cents pur pound, at $1 64, making a profit of sevonty-nlno cents. If ho covered with duck on tho round balo ho would buy about six pounds, for which ho would pay at least fifteen cunts por pound, amount ing to nluoty eonts. This be would soli, say, at sovon conts, realizing forty-two conts and making an ad ditional loss of forty-eight cents, or an aggrogato of $1.27 per balo. Whllo tho Southern farmers aro willing to lose 81 a bale by using tho cotton bagging to break up tho bagging trust, they would hardly bo willing to con tribute $1.27 per balo to buildup the American Cotton Trust. Tho loss of $1.27 per balo on a crop of !),000,0()0 would bo an absolute loss of $ll, bi0,000 overy year to tho South farmers. Tho round bales would bo of im moose advantage to the insurance and rail road companies, but a torriblo blow to tho producer. Whilo thoro is no ques tion that tho round balo is hotter pro tected and more oaslly handled than tho square, It presents sovoral serious disadvantages to manufacturers who use uncompressed cotton. In order to work cotton to tho best advantage It Is absolutely necessary to expose It to tho air boforo putting it in tho tnaehl nory, which Is dono in tho opening room Now, anyono who over triod to tear up a picker-lap will tostlfy to tho difficulty. A round balo is at least six times tho donslty of tho picker-lap. An oponing gang will toar up and spread about two laps In tho same timo thoy can ono squaro balo. You can soe, thoroforo, at a glanco how much moro timo, trouble and exponso tho round balo would requlro to opon up than the squaro. The 'terrific pressuro' to which tho round balo is subjected, instead of bolng an advantago, as claimed, is a disadvantage, for it is applied to a very thin layer of cotton Instead of tho wholo bale, as in tho compress, and tho result is that tho libro, which is hollow is mashed Hat and thereby irroparably injurod. Tho objoct In manufacturing cotton Is to lay tho libro smooth and ovon. Now, if It Is allowed to remain in a round balo for any considorablo timo it nitidus tho OUt'VO into which it in forcod and becomoB oxtromoly diilicult to handle, and makes additional waste and loss in evory procoss through which it passes. Tho claim of tho advocatos for tho round hale of solocting two samples as the balo is boing ginned and thus avoiding bolng rcsampled would work practically If tho cotton woro sold directly by producor to manufacturer, and you could roly on tho statcmont that ft truly represented tho wnolo balo, but as cotton passos through from two to six hands beforo reaching Its desti nation, and each man must guarantoo tho grade, it will be found nocessary to bavo moro samplop and an examina tion of tho balo Itfiolf to avoid misre presentation. Tho round balo provonts this, and offors every opportunity for fraud imaginable, and too man who buys cotton under such oiroumstancos unqostlonably 'buys a pig in a poko.' A unique method was adopted by tho mombors of a colorod church (n South Georgia the other day to raise funds. They had a ginger cako oating contest, having two oakos elghteon inohes long, and the person oating his oake in the shortest time was deolared I the winner. An admission foo was oharged. THE PRIOR OF COTTON. A New Explanation About the Cause of Low Prlees for the Or cat Staple. The cuuso of tho reduction in price of cottou bus bton explained variously, but tho following urticle presents a now vlow altogether, and cotton dealers aro disposed to accept, this view to boiuo extent. Farmers can take choice of tho explanations given, but tho fact remaim thut cotton Is hrlow tho C08t of production. Iioro 1b tho lottor : To the Editor of New York Evening Post: Sir .?Tho price cottou is selling for is a great disappointment to tho South. It was not anticipated, us consump tion and production wore eloso on each other's heels, and 'ho etock on hand was of extremely icagro proportions. Judged in tho light of past experience, it looked as if the erop would bring two cents per pound moro than it is now bringing. However, in the factors that formerly tixed the price of cot ton, one element differs now, and to this difference, in tho estimation of many, is duo tho low price now ruling. The difference consist ? in tho way tho hulk of tho cotton crop is now marketed as compared with tho me thod in voguo sovcq or eight years ago. Formerly tho erop was marketed through tho cotton factor in tho olths of the South. Now it is done largely through tho local buyer at tho '"cross roads" depot. Tho advent of the local buyer was hailed with great rejoicing. Tho farmer could then soil direct to tho " spinner buyer." The cotton factor would bo eliminated as a use less expense, and tho one-half cent per pound cost of marketing saved. In the light of recent event ; it looks as if tho farmer had to a considorablo extent accomplished hie purpose of saving tho two and one-half dollars in com missions and charges, and lost ten dollars per bale in the value of his cot ion ; a delightful bit of rural finan ciering. Formerly tho cro|. . as concentrated in tho largo cotton centres with cotton factors, it was in strong and compara tively few hands. Tho higher the price of cotton, tho better it was for both factor and grower. Factor? having control of the spot cotton, de clines in price could often bo success fully resisted and advances in values maintained. How different the con ditions now 1 The cotton is scattered In tho hands of many, many thousand cotton farmers, each marketing his cotton alone and without reference to tho other in the bands of parties mainly who aro in debt and must sell their cotton to pay tho country mer chant's store bill. Tho thousands of little railroad stations each has its little local buyer. Baoh country buyer is a force con tinually acting to lower the prico of cotton. He is cither endeavoring to get the farmer to accept the er.tromoly low bid of the shrewd spinner at a prico that will not tho buyer 2?0. or EOo. a bale, or he is Hooding the dif ferent markets with telegraphic otters, wildly endeavoring to pluck orders from bis almost innumerable competi tors. Tho number of offers alone cause tho amount of cotton offered to bo largely magnified. in many in stances tho local buyer is impecunious, and has adupted cotton-buying aftor having failed it every other line. This has, however, not prevented him this year from soiling a head thousands of bales of spot cotton, which it would bo Impossible for him to dolivor were tho market to advance. He can readily do this, as he has nothing to lose ; and if the market goes his way, as it has done, ho is so much the gainer. During the prosent crop tho prico has been put down notch by notch by tho enormous offers of spot cotton by these local buyers, in spite of the fact that tho size of tho crop is purely pro spective and tho actual movement Is smaller than with tho crop last year, a crop which although a large ono, lacked 'JOO.oeO hales of supplying con sumptive requirements. That cotton should bring the host possiblo price is a mutter of national concern. Many schemes have been proposed for markotlng tho crop, but, on account of the large area of tori i tory involved and tho number of parties in Interest, nothing foaslble has been proposed. Laissez-falro must bo trustod to bring a solution of tho pro blem. W. Collier Fstus. Momphis, Tonn., Oct. 20. A YORK COUNTY FARM Kit. He Mnkos a Model and Marvellous Farm Out of a Had luvest merit. Tho Yorkvlllo correspondent of tho Nows and Courier tolls this Interest ing story of a farmer with energy and brains, who is making a great success at farming : On several occasions l have had somothlng to say about Mr. T. 11. Mo Clain's farm, on tho southern out skirts of Yorkvillo. If this farm was in tho West or North and in the hacds of an Intelligent farmer, as it is hero, It would attract little attention, but hero it is a marvel on account of what Mr. McClain has accomplished during the past four yours that ho has been farming. Tho farm fell into his hands inconsequence of what ho considered a bad investment, ho having advanced a considorablo sum of money to a frlond with which to buy the land. Tho frlond died ooforo ho had flnishod paying and Mr. McClain was forced to take the land. Ho had novjr farmed any an J know nothing about it, but, as i i.Li ma ten above, is endowed with energy and brains, and ho went to work to make tho best of what he con slderod ft bad bargain. Tho placo con tains about four hundred acres, and at tho timo Mr. McClain took chargo not ovor lf>0 acros woro in "cultivation." 110 wont to work and eloared about two hundred acros moro, and put every thing In as good shapo as posdblo. Tho larger part of tho land was vory poor, and, notwithstanding tho liberal uflo of fertilizers, tho erop tho first yoar was not encouraging, und not much moro satisfactory results wore socurod tho second. Mr. McUlain had either read somowhoro or hoad some body say that eno of the principal hindrances to tho growth of plants In this soctlon was that the soil or ground was not ploughed doop enough and proporly pulverized boforo crops woro ipltched. A part of the land id what is commonly known as grey, with a rod sub-soil, and the balanoo of it is red from 'he surfaco as far down as ho has h< joasslon to go. In ploughing with hi, ordinary plough it is raroly tho case that a dopth of moro than threo or four Inches is attalnod. Bo low this dopth on this particular farm was what is known as hard pan." It was, in dry woathor, almost as hard as a brick, and whon tho ruote of ten der corn or cotton plants would reach it, they would bo forood t<> grow along tho surfaco, as thoy could not go dow i after moisture aa nature demands. Mi. McClain know that if it were possible to turn up the " hard pan " tho situation wouid not bo remedied, 88 It contained nono of tho olom^nts I essential to plant growth, and conclud ed that ho would break It and lenvo it wh ro it was. He bought a two-horso turning plough, and a two-horso sub soil plough. Tho former went in lirst, and tho latter behind, in the same furrow. By this mouns the laud was thoroughly ploughed to a depth of 12 to 11 inches, and tho clay left un derneath tho soil. Tho first year that this plan was pursued?1890?tho re sults woro more satisfactory thau they were tho year previous, and this year they aro moro satisfactory than last. Of courso, wo know that there are more productivo farms in South Caro lina than Mr. McClaiu's, but we don't believe there aro many that oven com pare with it whon its condition four years ago is taken into consideration. Not less than 110 bales of cotton will be produced this year, and the number may reach IIa. Two thousand live hundred bushels of corn has been gathered, also an abundance of foddor, hay, peas, etc. About twelve horses and mules together are used on the farm. Tho results attained by Mr. McClain should be a valuablo object lesson to those farmore In South Caro lina who havo been scratching the surface of tho ground for tho past thirty years with bull-tongue ploughs, and imaginglng that it is the proper tool, because their fathers used it and managed to make enough to feed and clothe their families. SPECIAL CONSTABLES. An Agreement Between the Gover nor ami Stale Board ol' Control. Tho Columbia Register says that Mr. L. J. Williams, who was appointed by tho State board ol eontrol to in terview the Govornor with regard to the re-establinhment of the dispensary constabulary, has performed that duty. It was determined between tho Gov ernor and tho board that the dispen sary law must bo enforced so long as it exists on tho statute books. The two are also in accord in the opinion that some moro constables will have to bo appointed, but there will bo no great llourish made about it, and they will not go around with badges, and armed ready to shoot down any man. In other words, their duties will be purely on tbo detective order. They I will bo expected to got up the evidence against violators of the law and report to tho proper civil authority, when a warrant will be sworn out and arrests made. According to this plan, there will boa i ecret service, but the con stables, are not to havo tho power to search and arrest at will, as they had when the law was originally put in operation. They aro to bo detectives, p ire and simple it is understood that tho Governor will appoint these extras in those towns and places where tho local au thorities are proven not to be faith fully carrying out the law. Their salaries are to bo paid out of the profits which might be coming to the city or town, and it seems to bo tho determi nation of the authorities to spend all of this profit, if nocessary, to enforce tho law. Investigation will likely be made as to tho enforcement of the law in towns and cities before these detective are appointed, and it may be that the au thorities will be warned before action is taken, so as to give them an oppor tunity of saving their profits, which is always most acceptable to most muni cipal treasuries. Tho appointment of these constables does not mean a general revival of the constabulary system as was at first supposed. Only In special cases arc they to bo employed, and their duties will resemble those of tho foimer con stables only remotely. The authorities now fully realize that tho old system cannot iast and that It Injures the dispensary system more than anything else. The killing of Turner in Spartanburg, in tho opin ion of a member of the board of control, lias hurt the dispensary more than all tho original packago establishments and blind tigers put together. A DKSl'KItADO HANGED. Ho Murdered a Younjc Man In the Prcsonco of His Aftlanced Bride, Who Died from the Shook. Robert Sims, colored, was hanged on the 17th inst. at .lonesboro, Tonn, for tho murder of Walter Galloway. Tho oxccutlon was private For a slight grudge, growing out of an imaginery injury, Robert alias "Isham" Sims, shot down Walter Galloway, a young white man, who had been kind to him and had just olfered him a few cents to look after his horse. Tho deed was done on July 0 last, In tho proseneo of Miss Kllio H?ring, tho young lady to whom Galloway was engaged to bo married, and within a few yards of tho farm houso of W. D. H?ring, in Washington county. Galloway had ridden to the house to call on Miss Kllio D?ring. Sims was omployed as a laborer on tho placo, and Galloway told him that if ho would tako his burse to the barn and food him he would pay him live conts. Tho nogro rofused and angry words passed. A fow minutes lator Galloway took his horso to tho barn and gave it tho needod attention. While ho was doing this SiuiB broodod ovor a grudge he had against Galloway and dotor mlnod to kill him. ilo soizod a gun and loaded it, Miss D?ring being an Ioye-witness to his movements. Soar ing lie intended harm, sho ran toward tho bam and on tho way met her lover, Galloway. Noaoonor than bIio warned her lovor of his danger than Sims ap peared and in an instant fired. Tho shot was fatal. Galloway foil into tho young lady's arms, piorced by almost a doz.cn loadon missiles. Sims was followod for many days and nights through tho bills of Washington, Hawkins, Grcono and Sullivan coun ties. His captors, who found him near Itodgorsville, thought it policy to take him to the jail thcio, but an infuriated mob was Booking bim, and in order to escape these bo was taken by a circui tous route to Knoxvillo. So groat was tho oxcltemont pro duced by tho death of Galloway that Miss H?ring was nervously prostrated. Continuod worry led to a futal illness, and aftor sovoral days of intense suf fering sho died. At tho August torm of tho court in Jonosboro, Sims wae found guilty of murdor and sontenced by Judge EL T. Campboll to hang September 21. An appoal to tho supromo court was takun, but that body confirmed tho sontenco and flxod a second date for Sims to hang, Novomboi 17, at Jonosboro, Tonn. Miss Frances Willard remarks that "among tho things the women of tho presont day require is largor shoos." ?Tho South Carolina 1'enitontlary has mado a not profit of ton thousand dollars this year. BTEUL UOVDS A SUCCKS^. An Interesting Project Takes Praoti? cut Shape?A Clood Thing and Very Cosily. Grout iutoiost Is shown bv the agri cultural department of the United States in the good roads movement, In which tho people of jouth Carolina aro beginning to take part, and which is arousing much enthusiasm in a!' parts of tho country. In order to pro mote experiments in this direction, tho ollico of road Inquiry was estab lished, in charge of General Key Stone as director. The object to be attained is to furnish a durable wearing material which will provide a smooth surface that will reduce the labor of hauling heavy loads, and at the same timo, reduce the cost of maintenance. There is to bo an attempt to educate public sentiment up to the appreciation of good roads ami a willingness to con struct them. As a part of tho work of tho oilice of road Inquiry, arrangements were made by which sample muds have been completed at New Brunswick, N. .)., und Geneva, N. Y., tho hitter ?hont li mill ? in length, having a macad amized middle BOOtion 8 feet wide, with rolled dirt roads on either side. Tho department has for some time been deeply interested in experiments to determine the practicability of steel trackways on wagon roads. The latest plan is to lay such tracks in order that tho wheels of wagons may run on a smooth surface, instead of on tho rough and soggy path over which for a great part of the year horses are compelled to flounder. The results of experiments by '?wo prominent en gineers ure hero given. One series of experiments made by Abel iiliss, of New Lenox, III, is particularly In teresting, as will be seen from the fol lowing statement made by him : " 1 have laid about 100 feet of steel road In ?he public highway near my home at New Lenox, 111. The road was first graded In proper shupe. The rails are of steel, 1-1 of an inch thick, 8 inches wide, with a downward Hange of '{ inehos on cither side, and an up ward II inge of 1 inch on the outer eii^'e to keep the wheels on. These raus were laid on tho crown of the grade and pressed into the soil to the depth of the Hange, or until the t>oil sup ported the rail. The downward Hanges prevent tho soil from being prcssod away from the rail and hold it there, making a firm foundation, so that no ties are necessary on which to rest the rails. Th -so rails aro made continu ous by the fastening of the ends to gether with fish-plates. "When 1 mentioned my idea of this roadway, it was suggested that tho rails would bink under heavy loads in wet weather and soon become covered with mud. Otht rs suggested that they would tip toone side, becoming useless anil also that unless they were laid on ties they would spiead and get out ol line. This track was laid to satisfy myself on these and other points. Dur ing the recent wet. period mud boles were made at the ends of the track by tho wheels dropping always in tho same piace. This very severe test, however, did not affect the rails, ex cept at the end. On a continuous line of track severe anil uncommon usage would not in any way have injured or changed the rails, hence I should not expect this roudway to need repairs after a wet period. The earth between the rails is removed to a depth of ."> inches and the excavation Iiiloci with gravel for the horses' tread. This road has now been in use for eighteen months, and has been tested with all kinds Of tralno, including traction en gines. 1 have never seen a horse slip on the rails, but they might occasional ly do so. A horso is most likely to slip when pulling bard, which they will not bo obliged to do on this road way, and there is little occasion for a horse to tread on the rails, as there is room enough between them. " A mile of road requires about sixty tons of steel, which can be produced in quantities for $1,800 or less. One cubic yard of gravel is required to the rod. For this roudway I make tho following claims: "First: It saves power. A vehicle may run on it with the least possible draft. It is estimated by engineers that tho required draft is one-fifth of that on gravel and one-twentieth of that on tho average dirt road. "Second : It saves wear and tear to wagons. A vehicle is always on a level smoHh surface, and is nit subjected to irregular strains, as when one side of it is much lower than tho other, causing two whoels to carry most of the load, or when a wheel drops b a rut. A town will save enough vehicles alone to pay a large portion of the cost of the roao. "Third : It Bavos time. With a load of two or three tons, a team will trot as easily on level ground as it will walk on a gravel or dirt road. "Fourth: It Is a perfect bicycle road, nnd will be greatly appreciated by wheelmen. "Fifth: It is extrjmo'y durable, and the repairs will be nominal. " Sixth. The dust that is so annoy ing on a gravel or dirt road is caused largoly by tho grinding of the wheels. On this road there COUid be no sueh grinding. "Seventh : It is a motorcycle road, and a speed of 20 miles an hour can be attained with safety. " In conclusion : The universal use of this road will increase the value of the farm ; it will beautify the stieet, because when we cease to rut, the road grass will take tho place of weeds. It will make possible the free delivery of mail In rural district?, by bicycle or other swift vehicle. Traveline will be as safe at nicht as in tho.dny, because I tho team will keep the road." | I) KM O (Jit ATM ICNCOU RAO 101). Tlio Mayor of Chicago Talks About tint Ki t one Ulcotions, Mayor Carter 1.1. Harrison, of Chicago, has given out the following statement in roforoneo to the recent events in polities : "The reoontelootionsshould give now hope to tho Demooraoy. If the change of sentiment had been conti nod to cer tain localities the cause might have boon sought In local Influences. The apparent strengthening of Democracy in all parts of the Union goes to show that the Democratic party, with its natlvo vigor and virility, will take I more whippings and still survive and thrivo than the Republican party can over administor. Tho Domocracy .stands committed today to tho policies and Ideas it adopted in July of '00 ; in othor words tho Chi -ago platform cer tains tho dogmas of party belief to which all true, loyal Democrats must give, earnost and undivided support until those dogmas aro either reaffirm ed or amended by .. new national con vention. Whothor those principles of party bollof wore specifically indorsod in tho various nominating conventions of tho past six months or not really amounts to but littlo. A convention I oallod In tho name of Democraoy in that very act reafarms the Domo cratie faith, and tho Democratic faith can be found in the pronouncements of a Democratic convention alone. "The convention which nominated tho city ticket victori >us in Chicago last April reaffirmed the principles of Democracy as laid down by all tho Democratic conventions of tho past. Tho convention nominating Judgo Van Wyek for mayor of Creator Now York contented itself with advocating local Issues only. Personally, 1 bo llevo the New York idea tho proper one, that while it is necessary to pro servo party organization in local as well as State and national atUJra, municipal lights should bo m: do ey tho party organizations upon local ideas and local issues. "Judgo Vau Wyek was selected as the standard hearer in tho tJroutor New \ ork light as one who had boon loyal to the national ticket in 1890. He was nominated as a Democrat, and wbile the local issues involved in his ainpaign may have had much to do with bringing about the Superb plurality by which ho was elected, tho Influence of national atTairs In his election cannot be ignored. It occurs to me that the light bot>veeu tho two great parties in tho nation today is really but a conflict between mono poly as represented by Republicanism and tho people as represented by Democracy. The battle for tho use of both metals as forming tho basis for tho currency of the country is as much an anti-class, an anti-monopoly light, as is the oposition to the tariff robbers and the various trusts that are today dominating national legislation. Tho victory in G.'OBtor New York, won nn I a platform favoring municipal ownor; ship of natura1 monopolies, shows tho Democracy Of the nation's groat metro polis in lino with the party in the west demanding redress for th*j people from tho oppression of the corpora tions. The fact that the platform did not specifically reallirin the principles advocated by the Chicago convention dwindles in importance when atten tion is oallod to the fact that tho tickot was nominated as a Democratic tickot tho nominee was known as a loyal Democrat, and nothing in either plat foe l or car paign was said or done in d rogation of the national platform. " I regard the victory in Greater Now York as offering encouragement to the supporters of William J, Dryan in 1800 equal to that afforded by the roduotion of Republican majorities iu Iowa and in President McKinley'? home State Of Ohio. They all go to -how the people are in sympathly with Democratic ideas. The revulsion of f> ? ling, as ovldenc d by the recent Democratic successos, bodes but littlo good In the Federal elections of 1900 to the trusts and corporations.'' COTTON CHOPS AND PRICES The Inercaao In Production tor Haifa Century--A Comparison of Prices for Twenty ?El vc Years. The last Issue of Uradstreet's con tains a very interesting article show ing the cotton crops of the last lifty two years, and the highest and lowest prices each y< ar. The cotton crop did not reach 1,000, 000 bales until 1830. In 18:22 it was only 405,000 hales. The largest crop before tho war was that of 1850 00. It was-1,Stil,000 bales, or nearly twice as large as any cotton crop from 1805 to 1809. It was not un til 1878 that the South produced a larger crop of cotton than it had pro duced prior to tho war, the crop that year reaching 5,074,156 bales. The crop of IS 10 was the first to go beyond 0,000,000 hales, and the 7,000, 00U mark was passed for tho tirst tlmo in 1887. The crop raised in ISO I ran up to 0,000,000 hales, and that of 1894 was al most 10,000,000 bales. The present ??.??op will be the greatest on record. A comparison of prices is interest ing. In Isii.", tlio prieo of cotton wont to 13 cents a pound. It then declined for several years and was as low as 7 corns In 1831 and 1S."12. In ISft it roso to 15 cents. In 1843-44-45 tho average price was ? cents, and that low figuro was touched again in 1848. Cotton then went up rapidly und 11 cents was the lowest price in 1S?U. During the war the price went away up, of course. In lvt;i it touched tho highest point, $1.90 a pound, in Now York. The lowest price that year was 72 cents. Tho price then fell steadily and in 1870 251 cents was tho 1 top notch. The highest price in 1HS0 was 131 cents, and the lowest 10 16-16 cents: in 1S,.H) tbo highest price was I"21 cents and the lowest U .'{ 10 cents. In 1895 the highest prieo was 0 3-10 cents and the lowest 5 0 Hi cents. The following table shows tho highest and the lowest prices for tho last twenty-live years: Highest. Lowest. 1S71. 21 1-1 11 3-4 |S72. 27 .'i 8 IS 5-8 1st:{. 21 :t-s 13 6-8 1st 1. 18 7-S I t :i-4 1875 . 17 18 13 1-10 |S7ti . 13 3-8 10 7-8 1877. 13 5-1(1 10 13 16 1878 . 1? 3-16 8 13 16 1879. 13 3-4 9 1-4 1880 . hi 1*4 10 15-16 lss|. 13 10 7-10 1882. 13 1-16 10 1-4 lsv!. 11 1-8 10 1884.11 16-16 0 3-4 1885 . 111-2 9 3 16 1886 . 0 0 Hi 813-16 1SS7. 11 7-16 0 7-16 [s-s . 11 3-8 f) ,r>-8 L880 . 111-2 0 3-4 1800. 12 :t-4 !> :i-lf? j H1>1. 0 1 2 7 3-4 ISilJ. 10 t> 1 1-1(1 1803. I) !;?> 1(1 7 14 1 k?? i. 8 .VI ti B0'16 ltti.*>. 0 3 8 5 0-i0 1800. 8 7-8 7 1-1(3 This year the mi -kot opened on Sop tembor 1 ut 7 1-lfl cents, und sinco that timo has declined uhout $8.75 on oach 600*pound halo. A year a;_o cotton was worth 7i Ocnts, hut then thcro was a prospect of only an 8,750,000 crop. It Is certain that this year's crop will exceed 10,? 000,000 hales, and cotton is worth only 5 1*10 cents. There is a very pialn losson for farm ers in these figures. ?Secretary Wilson's cstimato of *iOO,ooo,OUO nent out of tho United States annually for farm products that could bo grown on American farms may seem at (lest sight to bo overdrawn, but the secretary has made a special study of the subjectand has tho oflleial figures to buck up his ostlmato. ?Mr. .1. I'. Durham, chief clerk in the comptroller general's t lioo, has been requested Ut resign, ,nl tho Columbia Kecord says that Covornor KU erbe caused tho requost to bo mad... that he might appoint Auditor Urad ley, of Abbeville, as bis succossor. ?Ex -Governor Evans is to be married Doc. 15th, and with his bride he will return to Alken about tho 1st of January, just at tho height of tho social season when the town is thronged with Northorn visitors.