The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, August 29, 1893, Image 1

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JUDGK SIMONTON'S. DECISION. An l hi (?? ;??.< i Ii,", DIhcuksIoii of a Vital : .(?<?! lun of the Dispensary Act-?Ita Invalidity Affirmed. Judgo Simonton filed last wcok his long looked for decision in tho habeas corpus caso from Nowborry County* in tho caso of railroad agont Lan?-? ^fcford, of Prosperity, who was arrostod for dollvoring a keg of whiskey to its consignee. The matter hinged largely upon tho interpretation of section 25 of tho Disponsary Act, of which Judge Simonton gives a full exposition. The following is tho decision fn full: tjnitkd states op amehic District op South Carolina, In the Circuit Court. In re D. M. Langford, habeas corpus: This case comes up upon petition for haben:; corpus, tho writ and tho return thereto. The petition sets forth that the pe titioner, ii eltlzon of tho Unitod States, and of the State of South Carolina, is the agont of tho rocolvors of tho Rich mond & Danvlllo railroad at Pros perity, a town in South Carolina. That on tho 14th of July, 1803, as such agont, ho roeoivod by a rogulur train over a railroad of tho rocolvors, a kog of whiskoy consigned to A. A, Singley, a resident of said toVn, which kog, as shown by tho way bill, was shipped from Ploasant Rldgo, in North Caro lina, to said town in South Carolina. That ho dolivorod tho kog to tho con algnoo, and that soon thereafter he was arrcstod under a warrant issued by a trial justice of said Stato, chargod with violating tho provisions of an act of tho legislature of South Carolina entitled ''An Act to prohibit tho manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage within this State oxcept as heroin providod." And that ho is yet in custody. Tho petition furthor shows that tho delivery by him of tho keg of whiskoy aforesaid, was made by him under and pursuant to the laws regulating eommorco between States, and that tho act of tho legisla ture of tho Stato under which he has boon arrostod and bold In custody is in conflict with said intor-Stato eom morco law and is null and void so that his arrest is illogal. Ho prays his dis ohargo from arrest. The return of tho sheriff having him in custody, admits that the petitioner is hold for violation of tho said act by reason of tho deliv ery of tho keg of whiskey as stated, and denies thut tho act is in conflict with tho inter-State eommorco law. And on tho contrary that it comos within tho provisions of the act of Con gress approved August 8th, 1890. com monly known as tho Wilson act. It further avors that tho potitionor is in custody for triul in the courts of tho State for a erlmo against tho Stato, and that this court in comity to tho courts of tho Stato ought not to inter fere horein until tho said Stato courts have first passed upon tho question in volved in tho ease. In Cantini versus Tillman, 04 Fed oral Reporter, 070, tho alleged conflict of the dispensary aot with tho consti tution and laws of the United States was discussed, and the validity of which act was sustained. Tho opin ion, however, expressly reserved any discussion of tho validity of tho 25th section. Tho caso at the Dar raises tho Issue on this section. Tho petitioner is in custody under tho charge of violating section 25 of the aet of tho legislature referred to. This section is in these words : " No person shall knowingly bring into this Stato, or knowingly trans port from placo to placo within this Stato, by wagon, cart, or other vehicle, or by any other moans or modo of car riage, any intoxicating liquors, with the intont to soli the same lathis Stato in violation of law, or with intent that tho same shall bo sold by any person, or to aid any other person in such sale, ' under a penalty of $500, and costs for each ofl'ense, and in addition thoroto shall bo Imprisoned in tho county jail for ono year. In default of payment of said fine and costs, the party shall Buffer an additional imprisonment of ono yoar. Any servant, agent, or em ployee of any railroad corporation, or of any oxpress company, or of any per sons, corporations, or associations do ing business in this Stato as common carriers, who ?hall removoany intoxi cating liquors from any railroad car, vessol, or other vehicle of transporta tion, at any place other than tho usual and established stations, wharves, do pots, or places of business of such com mon carriers within somo incorporated city or town, where there is a dis pensary, or who shall aid in or consont to such romoval, shall bo subject to a penalty of $50, and imprisonment for thirty days for every such oft'enso: Provided, That said ponalty shall not apply to any liquor in transit, whou changed from car to car to facilitato transportation. All such liquor in tended for unlawful snlo in this State may Iw seized in transit, and proceeded against as if it were unlawfully kept and deposited In any placo. And any steamboat, sailing vessol, railroad, ex press company, or other corporation, knowingly transporting or bringing such liquor into the Stato, shall bo punished upon conviction by a lino of Avo hundred dollars and coats for oach olTonso. Knowledgo on tho part of any authorized agont of such company shall bo deemed xnowlodgo of tho com pany." Tnoro can bo no doubt that but for tho pnssago of tho Wilson act tho pro visions of this section would be in con flict with tho intor-State commerce law and void (Bowman vs. Chicago, &c, 125 United States 4G5. Lolsy vs. Hardin 134 United Statei 100). This last caso inducod tho pasmgo of tho Wilson aet. Caldwell, j. in ro Van Vllot 43, Federal Reporter, 700. Tho Wilson act is as follows : "An netto limit tho effect of tho regulations of eommorco botwoon tho ?sovoral Statos and with foroign coun tries in certain 6ases." " That all fer monted, distilled, or other intoxicating liquors or liquids, transported into any Stato or Torritory, or remaining there in for uso, consumption, salo, or stor ngo i herein sim II upon arrival in such Stato or Torritory bo subject to the oporatlon and ofroct of tho laws of auch Stato or Territory enacted in the exercise of its police powora to tho same oxtent and in tho samo raannor as though such liquids or liquors had boon produced in such Stato or Torri tory and ?hall not bo exotnpt there from by roason of bolng introduced therein In original packages or other wise." ? Whatworo the Inter-Stato commerce regulations which wero in oxistonco at the passage of this act from which in toxicating liquors weftfcby it exempted? Thh? question is answe'rod in tho two cases quoted above. The flrse-of those cases had declared that under the inter-State commerce regulation* the right to import intoxicating liquors into any State existed and the second case declares that this right of im portation Involved tho right to the im porter to soil so long as the liquor re mained In tho original paokago. That therefore tho polioo power of tho State could not prevent the Importation ex copt under re**>rictlons, nor forbid the JUDGK SIMONTON'S. DECISION. An l hi (?? ;??.< i Ii,", DIhcuksIoii of a Vital : .(?<?! lun of the Dispensary Act-?Ita Invalidity Affirmed. Judgo Simonton filed last wcok his long looked for decision in tho habeas corpus caso from Nowborry County* in tho caso of railroad agont Lan?-? ^fcford, of Prosperity, who was arrostod for dollvoring a keg of whiskey to its consignee. The matter hinged largely upon tho interpretation of section 25 of tho Disponsary Act, of which Judge Simonton gives a full exposition. The following is tho decision fn full: tjnitkd states op amehic District op South Carolina, In the Circuit Court. In re D. M. Langford, habeas corpus: This case comes up upon petition for haben:; corpus, tho writ and tho return thereto. The petition sets forth that the pe titioner, ii eltlzon of tho Unitod States, and of the State of South Carolina, is the agont of tho rocolvors of tho Rich mond & Danvlllo railroad at Pros perity, a town in South Carolina. That on tho 14th of July, 1803, as such agont, ho roeoivod by a rogulur train over a railroad of tho rocolvors, a kog of whiskoy consigned to A. A, Singley, a resident of said toVn, which kog, as shown by tho way bill, was shipped from Ploasant Rldgo, in North Caro lina, to said town in South Carolina. That ho dolivorod tho kog to tho con algnoo, and that soon thereafter he was arrcstod under a warrant issued by a trial justice of said Stato, chargod with violating tho provisions of an act of tho legislature of South Carolina entitled ''An Act to prohibit tho manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage within this State oxcept as heroin providod." And that ho is yet in custody. Tho petition furthor shows that tho delivery by him of tho keg of whiskoy aforesaid, was made by him under and pursuant to the laws regulating eommorco between States, and that tho act of tho legisla ture of tho Stato under which he has boon arrostod and bold In custody is in conflict with said intor-Stato eom morco law and is null and void so that his arrest is illogal. Ho prays his dis ohargo from arrest. The return of tho sheriff having him in custody, admits that the petitioner is hold for violation of tho said act by reason of tho deliv ery of tho keg of whiskey as stated, and denies thut tho act is in conflict with tho inter-State eommorco law. And on tho contrary that it comos within tho provisions of the act of Con gress approved August 8th, 1890. com monly known as tho Wilson act. It further avors that tho potitionor is in custody for triul in the courts of tho State for a erlmo against tho Stato, and that this court in comity to tho courts of tho Stato ought not to inter fere horein until tho said Stato courts have first passed upon tho question in volved in tho ease. In Cantini versus Tillman, 04 Fed oral Reporter, 070, tho alleged conflict of the dispensary aot with tho consti tution and laws of the United States was discussed, and the validity of which act was sustained. Tho opin ion, however, expressly reserved any discussion of tho validity of tho 25th section. Tho caso at the Dar raises tho Issue on this section. Tho petitioner is in custody under tho charge of violating section 25 of the aet of tho legislature referred to. This section is in these words : " No person shall knowingly bring into this Stato, or knowingly trans port from placo to placo within this Stato, by wagon, cart, or other vehicle, or by any other moans or modo of car riage, any intoxicating liquors, with the intont to soli the same lathis Stato in violation of law, or with intent that tho same shall bo sold by any person, or to aid any other person in such sale, ' under a penalty of $500, and costs for each ofl'ense, and in addition thoroto shall bo Imprisoned in tho county jail for ono year. In default of payment of said fine and costs, the party shall Buffer an additional imprisonment of ono yoar. Any servant, agent, or em ployee of any railroad corporation, or of any oxpress company, or of any per sons, corporations, or associations do ing business in this Stato as common carriers, who ?hall removoany intoxi cating liquors from any railroad car, vessol, or other vehicle of transporta tion, at any place other than tho usual and established stations, wharves, do pots, or places of business of such com mon carriers within somo incorporated city or town, where there is a dis pensary, or who shall aid in or consont to such romoval, shall bo subject to a penalty of $50, and imprisonment for thirty days for every such oft'enso: Provided, That said ponalty shall not apply to any liquor in transit, whou changed from car to car to facilitato transportation. All such liquor in tended for unlawful snlo in this State may Iw seized in transit, and proceeded against as if it were unlawfully kept and deposited In any placo. And any steamboat, sailing vessol, railroad, ex press company, or other corporation, knowingly transporting or bringing such liquor into the Stato, shall bo punished upon conviction by a lino of Avo hundred dollars and coats for oach olTonso. Knowledgo on tho part of any authorized agont of such company shall bo deemed xnowlodgo of tho com pany." Tnoro can bo no doubt that but for tho pnssago of tho Wilson act tho pro visions of this section would be in con flict with tho intor-State commerce law and void (Bowman vs. Chicago, &c, 125 United States 4G5. Lolsy vs. Hardin 134 United Statei 100). This last caso inducod tho pasmgo of tho Wilson aet. Caldwell, j. in ro Van Vllot 43, Federal Reporter, 700. Tho Wilson act is as follows : "An netto limit tho effect of tho regulations of eommorco botwoon tho ?sovoral Statos and with foroign coun tries in certain 6ases." " That all fer monted, distilled, or other intoxicating liquors or liquids, transported into any Stato or Torritory, or remaining there in for uso, consumption, salo, or stor ngo i herein sim II upon arrival in such Stato or Torritory bo subject to the oporatlon and ofroct of tho laws of auch Stato or Territory enacted in the exercise of its police powora to tho same oxtent and in tho samo raannor as though such liquids or liquors had boon produced in such Stato or Torri tory and ?hall not bo exotnpt there from by roason of bolng introduced therein In original packages or other wise." ? Whatworo the Inter-Stato commerce regulations which wero in oxistonco at the passage of this act from which in toxicating liquors weftfcby it exempted? Thh? question is answe'rod in tho two cases quoted above. The flrse-of those cases had declared that under the inter-State commerce regulation* the right to import intoxicating liquors into any State existed and the second case declares that this right of im portation Involved tho right to the im porter to soil so long as the liquor re mained In tho original paokago. That therefore tho polioo power of tho State could not prevent the Importation ex copt under re**>rictlons, nor forbid the Halo of tho importation by the importer bo long asjit remained In the original puoknge> . , Tho Wilson act put tho imported packager* whether in its original shape or otherwise, under the police power of tho s< ate upon its arrival inBuoh State, precisely no other intoxicating liquor in the state is subject to such police power. What is tho meaning of tho term " upon its' arrival?'? Tho respondent insists t.bat by this term is moant its ontranco within the bordors of the State. Thus it is a prohibition of tho importation of intoxicating liquors into this stai<\ That does not seem to be within?^he scope of tho Wilson act. It provides "for all fermented, distilled or otboi intoxicating liquors or liquids transported into any state," and declares them not exempt from tho operation of tho police laws by reason of boing introduced therein in original packages orVothorwise." It is clear that the Wilson act deals with liquors after their introduction within tho Stato. "And therefore tho word " arrival " catt*not be construed to bo at tho bordor otitho State. Goods " ar rive " wbon they reach their destina tion. In tho .term is involved a cessa tion of tho jjransit. Goods shippod from Virginia to Alabama can not be said to arrivd ip. North Carolina, South Carolina or Georgia. They "arrive" when thoy reaoh their destination in Alabama. On tho othe* hand tho petitioner contends that tue Wilson act doos not subject tho imported paokago to tho oporation of the pollco regulations of tho State until'the whole duty of the carrier has been'-porformed. That tho carrier does not perform his whole duty until the goods aro delivered. That when tho aat uses the expression 11 upon arrival in such Stato," it means when tho delivery by the oarrier has been mado. This position depends upon tho construction to bo given to this word "arrival." Words used in a statute not technical in their charac ter must bo taken in their ordinary signification. Persons and goods ar rivo when they reach their destina tion. It is proper to say that after a man arrives at a city ne goes to his homo therein, or' to tho home of a friend, or to his hotel. Some gocds after " arrival" atthoir destination aro either dolivorod to the consignee after notlco of arrival, or aro hold until tho freight is paid, or C. O. D., or aro stored. The money for the freight or the cash on dolivery cannot be demand ed until tho goods havo arrived and bo cause of such arrival, If the freight be not paid, or if the cash on dolivory bo not produced, or the consignee bo not known or do not appear, theso can not in any way affect tho arrival of tho goods or permit us-'to any that they havo not arrived. The* dolivory of goods is not an essential oloment of thoir arrival at their destination. Compare Benjamin on Sales pp. 759,760, sections 873,874. The'samo conclusion would appear in using, tho analogy of stoppage in transited* This right of stoppage ends upon the dolivory into possession of tho consignor. Says Bon juniin on Salo p. 1070, seotion 1245. "Tho vendor's right of stoppago in transitu is vory frequently not ended on their arrival at their ultimate des tination because of his'rotontion of the property in thorn." Tho package In question upon its ar rival at Prosperity, in South Carolina, camo within the exoroise of tho police power of tho Stato. The next question is, is this 25th section of tho act of as sembly, December, 1892, a lawful ox erclso of tho police power ? Examining this sectlofi we find that it contains four distinct sub-divisions. 1st. No person shall knowingly bring into this Stato or knowingly transport from place to placo within tho Stato by wagon, cart or other vehicle, or by any other means or mode of damage, any intoxicating liquors with intent to Bell the same in this State in violation of law or with intent that the same shall be sold by any other person or aid any other person in such salb. 2nd. Any servant, agent or employee of any railroad corporation, or of any express company, or of any persons, corporations or associations doing bus iness in this Stato as common carriers who shall remove any intoxicating liquors from any railroad car, vessel or other vehicle for transportation, at any place othor than tho usual and es tablished stations, wharvos, depots or places of business of such common car riers within some incorporated city or town where there is a dispensary, or who shall aid in or consent to such re moval, &c. 3rd. All such liquor intended for unlawful salo in this Stato may bo seized in transit and proceoded against as if it wore deposited in any place. 41 It. Any stoamboat, sailing vessel, railroad oxpress company,, or other corporation Knowingly transporting or bringing such liquor into tho State, shall bo punished, &c. Knowlodge on tho part of any authorized agent of such company, shall bo deemed knowl edge of tho company. Thus In ovory sub-division but tho second above sot forth, f there must exist on tho part of the porson charged tho knowlodge that tho intoxicating liquors woro intended for salo. Tho liquors to bo seized must bo intended for salo. No prlvato carrior or othor porson can offond this section if ho does not know that tho liquor is brought in for sale. Tho liquor can not be seized in transit unless it is intended for salo. Tho company transporting tho liquor into tho Stato is punishable only wlion its authorized agent knows that it was intended for salo. This is in harmony with all tho othor parts of tho aot. tho purport and purpose of which is to regulato the salo of intoxicating li quors. This is plainly shown In tho first section. " Tho manufacturo, salo, bar tor, or exchange, or tho keeping or of fering for salo of any spirituous, malt, vinous, formontcd or other intoxica ting liquor or compound or mixtures thoreof by whatovor name called, which will produco intoxloatlon, by any porson, business, firm, corporation or association, shall bo regulated and conducted as provldod in this act." Moro than this no criminality is at tached to the porson receiving from tho common carrior tho liquors mon tionod in tho second sub-divlslon of this 25th section. But this second sub division makes it a criminal offense for ono special class of porsons, servants, employees and agents of a special class of common carriers, to romove from tho car, &c, any intoxicating liquor whatever, without any sort ofquullnca tlon. No knowledge on tho part of such servant, u?<ont or employee, that It la intoxicating liquor is required. Nor does it make any difforonce whether the liquor bo Intended for salo, porsonal uso or consumption in any other way. Nono of tho safeguards thrown around every other criminal offense oxists. The only qualification is that the olty or town In which the Xaokage is, has no disponsary. This is isorlmlnation, the separation of a olass from the whole community and singling it out for prosecution and pun ishment. It is the olass on whom inter state commerce largoly depends ; with out whom it cannot bo conducted. And if we are permitted tolnfor from [the words of the aot, the motive this discrimination the natural infer ence would be that It Is intended to provent any possible ohanco of competition with dispensaries else where established. An intention sought to be perfected not by punish ing all persons connectedwlth the act, the importer and the consumer, but con flning the crime and the punishment to this one class ; creating lor this special class a now crime. If this be assumed to havo been done in the exercise of the police power it will be difficult to sustain it. The Wilson act created no new power in tho States. It professed to do no more than to limit tho regulations of inter State commerce. But the most broad and liberal constructon of the act would not permit a State under the guise of tho police power to single out and punish the agents of inter-State commerce for a crime, specially creat ed for them, in the teeth of the XIV Amendment to the Constitution of tho United States. It Is extremely difficult if not im possible to give an exaet definition of and to describe tho limits of the pollco power. It Is clear, however, that tho legislature of a State can not assume the exorcise of the pollco power in a way forbidden by the constitution of tho Stato. Tho constitution of South Carolina, Article 1, Section 12, pro vides " no person shall * * * bo liable to any other punishment for any offense, or bo subjected in law to any other restraints or disqualifica tions in regard to any personal rights than such as are laid upon others undor like oircumstances." This limits tho power of the legisla ture, and prevents this provision of the act of 1892, known as the dispensary act, from being an oxoroiso of tho po lice power. This being so, tho provi sions of the 25th section undor this act contravene tho inter-State commerco U?w and XIV amendment. Leopor vs. Toxas 139 United States 463. Mis souri vs. Lewis 120 United States 72, and are nulled and void. Tho arrest of tho petitioner basod on these provi sions is void. Tho return suggests that comity between tho courts should induce this court to hold Its hand and leave the determination of tho ques tions involved in this case to the State courts. It Is tho duty of a judge when relief is sought before him in a matter with in his jurisdiction, spoodily to hear tho plaint and if the party is ontitlod to tho relief to give it. Ho can not shift from his shoulders tho responsibility of his judicial function, and -impose thorn upon another. Strong as the temptation is and agrocableas it would be, to do so, he can not do it without loss of self respect. Bcsidos this both parties to this controversy desire a speedy solution of it. Tho public in terest demands that the legal questions arising in, wc may say impeding, this grave and interesting oxporimont of the dispensary act bo shortly settled. An appeal from this court lies di rectly to the supremo court. A llnal decree of the tribunal of last resort is vory near at hand. It is ordered, That tho dofondant be reloasod from custody. HOW IT IS KEGAUDFJ). Opinions About Judge Sin ion ion's Decision?How It affects the Dispen sary Act. Special to the News and Courier. Columbia, August 22.?Tho Ad ministration does not scorn to think that there is any harm in Judge Si monton's decision or that it is tho be ginning of tho downfall of tho law. Thoy havo all along thought that tho law was impregnablo, and even an opinion from Judge Simonton is thought of so little, importance that they all claim that no harm can come out of it. Of course tho decision will bo appealed from, and Attorney General Towusond says that it will be carried to the Supreme Court with others which will perhaps bo ready in a short time. Ono thing is vory curious, and that is how difTorently tho opinion is viewed in its offeots upon tho dispensary system. There are somo who regard it as a vory serious blow to tho system, and that It has opened the way for men to get all of tho liquor that is wanted for personal use and without any intorfor onco whatovor. Attorney Gcnoral Townsond, how over, takes a vory different vlow of tho olfoct of the opinion. He says that tho opinion is only upon tho question of tho right of tho Stato to arrest a railroad agont undor the provisions 2, Section 25 of tho law. No other point in tho law has been decidod, and tho only effect of the decision, if sustained, would bo to prevent tho Stato from ar resting agents who handled tho ship ments of liquor. Tho law, ho thinks, provides plenty of othor valid ground upon which tho importation of liquor can bo stopped. He thinks that thero is nothing in the opinion that would prevent the State's constablos from seizing a shipment of liquor, no mattor for what use it was intended, if it did not boar one of the stamps provided for in tho law. Tho packago, ho thought, could be seized and confiscat ed to tho Stato immediately upon its "arrival, " and tho Stato could in that way prevent the shipment of liquor in to the Stato, except when consignod to the commissioner. Thero was no way, no thought, by which tho commissioner could bo compelled to givo tho stamps whloh were required, in his opinion, to pass packages. Ho insisted that tho opinion affected no othor part of tho law, oxcoptlng tho clauso which referred to the arrest of agents. Commissioner Traxler, howovor, thinks that tho decision might affect the income of tho dispensary, hut that otherwise it will havo no result. It has no effect, ho thought, upon tho spirit of the law and tho Act would re strict the salo of liquor as Originally intended. Another Stato House officer took a very gloomy vlow of the situation and thought that tho opinion would havo a most disastrous effect upon tho dispen sary law. If it did not already decide that thero was nothing in tho law that would prevent the intorforenco with liquor shipped to an individual, Judge Simonton's opinion would, he thought, load to that result. It was,but the bo ginning of that phaso of tho objoction to tho law. Ho thought that if Judge Slmonton's opinion did not already prevent any Interforonco with liquor shipped from outside of tho Stato it was a moro question of tlmo as to when tho Stato would havo lta eyo comploto ly blackened on that point. Ho argu ed that if tho State cannot interfere with shipments undor Section 25 and arrest agents for violation of its provi sions it could not 0 iso at all. i ?Tho reunion or tho Hart's Battery will bo held at Denmark on Wodnos day, August 30. Addresses will be made by Generals 8tephen D. Lee. Wade Hampton, M. C. Butler ana Major J. F. Hart. There will be a plenlo in connection with the reunion. ?Wife: "Wakoup! There are thievos in the houso!" Husband : " Go down and show them your new bonnet, and j thoy wop't waste any time looking for J money here." TUB IiE2AHf.lt OF l'HI; HOUSE: William Ij. Wilson, of West Virginia, and His Record. Tho chairmanship of tho commlttoe of ways and means has always ranked as noxt In importance to tho Speaker ship, not only because of the magni tude of the questions which come be fore tho committee, but also because tohe chairman is usually accepted as tho leader of the majority on the floor. It may be doubted whether an excep tion should always be made in favor of tho Speakorship. After the commit tees aro appointed, the presiding officer may bo said to retlro to a judicial posi tion. He does much to give tone to tho proceedings of the body over whioh he presides, but he necessarily proservos towards these proceedings a non-par tisan aud neutral attitude. Ho cannot influonce tho course of legislation ex cept in the intervals of buslnoss. The functions of a leader, whether of tho majority or of the opposition, aro dif ferent from t hose. The success or failure of measures often rests with him?some times tho fate of parties. Thero havo been thirty-six difforent chairmen of this committee since its first establishment in 1789. The most eminent names on the list aro those of John Kandel oh, of Virginia, from 1802 'to 1806, and again from 1827 to 1828; Langdon Choves, of South Carolina, 1812-13; Juliane. Vorplanok, of New York, 1832-33; James K. Polk, of Ten nessee, 1833-35; Millard Fillmoro, of Now York, 1841-43 ?John Sherman, of Ohio, 1861-63, and Thaddens Slovens of Pennsylvania, 1863-65. Since then the position has boon hold successively by Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont, Robert C. Sohenck, of Ohio, and Henry L. Dawos, of Massa chusetts, Republicans; William R. Morrison, of Illinois, and Fernando Wood, of Now York, Democrats; Wil liam D. Kolloy, of Pennsylvania, Re publican.; William R. Morrison, of Illinois, and Roger Q. Mills, of Toxas, Domocrats; William McKinley, of Ohio, Republican, and William M. Springer, of Illinois, Democrat. Tho Southern States have had tho chairmanship of the committee during much more than half the period sinco the Government has been in existence under the. Constitution, and Virginia uul South Carolina havo each had the office longer than any other State? South Carolina for fifteen years, and Virginia for fourteen yoars. To Penn sylvania it has fallen for ten years only ?Thomas Fitzsimmons, of this Stato, having beon tho first chairman, in 1789; Joseph Clay, 1806-7; J. Glanoy Jonos, 1857-60; Thaddous Stevens, 181)3-65 ; aud William D. Kelley. 1881-83. Until Fernando Wood was made chair man in 1877 New York had not had the chairmanship sinco 1843, whon Mr. Fillmore retired. Since 1856 the head Df tho ways and means committee has been taken from the West and North except during tho 50th Congress [1887-89,) when Roger Q. Mills of Texas tilled tho position. The Hon. Wm. L. Wilson, the now chairman of tho committee on ways and means, was born in Jefferson County, Va., now West Virginia, on May 3, 1843, and is consequently now in his ")lst year. Ho rocoivod his oducatlon at Charlcbtown Academy and at Colum bia Collego, District of Columbia, from which institution ho was gradu ated in 1860, and at tho University of Virginia, near Charlottosville, Albe raarlo County. On tho outbroak of tho rebellion, in 1861, young Wilson, who was thon but 18 years old, entered tho Confodorato army. After tho closo of war ho was for sevoral years professor in Colum bia College, during which timo ho graduated in its law school, ami on tho overthrow of tho lawyor's tost oath In West Virginia resigned and entered upon tho practice of law at Charles town, where ho has ever sinco resided. Hla growth in public estimation as a careful lawyer and forcible speaker was rapid. Like a largo proportion of tho mem bors of tho legal pi'ofossion ho gradu ally drifted into politics. In 1880 he was u dologato to tho National Demo cratic Convention at Cincinnati and an elector at largo on tho Hancock ticket. Subsequently he was chosen president of tho West Virginia University and entered upon tho duties of that office September 4, 1892. but on September 10 was nominated for a seat in tho 48th Congress, and was ulcctod as a Democrat receiving 11,466 votes, against 11,386 votos for F. W. Mason, Republican. Ho resigned tho presidency of tho State University with tho beginning of his Congressional term. In 1883 ho ro coivod tho dogrco of L.L. D. from the Columbian Univorslty. Mi\ Wilson has been continued a member of tho House ever since, but his plurality last yoar was only 1,057. Ho entorofl Congress at tho time whon the rovenuo reformors proposed to make one of their number Speaker of the House of Representatives. The contest. was botwoon Mr. Carlislo and Mr. Randall. It was assumed that West Virginia was a protection Stato, and that its Representatives would vote for Mr. Randall. Mr. Wilson dis appointed this expectation by voting for Mr. Carlislo, and induced his dele gation to follow him. Then ho "began to hoar from homo," but he proceeded steadily in tho way he had chosen, voted squaroly for the Morrison bill, and was ro-elected without difficulty. In Docombor, 1887, at the opening of tho 50th Congress, Speaker Carlisle appointod Mr. Wilson to a placo on the committoo on ways and means, Mr. Mills, of Toxas, boing chairman. He lost his placo on tho committoo whon tho Ropublleans secured tho Speaker ship in 1880, but was roappointed 'by Spoakor Crisp in Docombor, 1891, standing fourtli on tho list of membors. Ho now socures tho chairmanship after only four yoars' sorvico on tho com mitteo. During tho discussion of the Mills tariff bill In tho 50th Cooerross ho dolivored a speech in favor of tariff re form, which was universally acknowl edged to bo tho abl?st representation of that sido of tho question which was hoard on tho floors of Congross. The speech showed that ho had thoroughly mastored tho litoraturo of tho tariff, American and foroign, and tho politi cal history of tho country, and it brought him into national prominonco. In June, 1892, ho was mado tho por manont chairman of tho Domocratic National Convontion at Chicago. On taking tho chair on that occasion ho delivered an admirable speech, but thoro his fitness for tho placo ended. He was utterly unablo to control tho Convontion, which at timos hecamo lit tle better than a howling mob which paid no manner of rospoct to the sound of his gavol or his plaintivo appeals for order. This inability to presldo ovor a large and boisterous assembly, how over, does not imply that ho lacks tho peculiar force and tact rcquirod to load the House, for, happily, he will not be required to maintain order, as well as to direct legislation. At the opening of the present extra session of Congress Mr. Wilson had another honor thrust upon him?that of introducing in tho House the Ad ministration bill for tho repeal of the purohaaingclausoof the Sherman silver Act. That duty he performed with his aooustotned modesty and dignity. Ho is a slight, short, student-like man. with a drooping mustache and mild blue eyes. His small stature and youth ful looking face make him seem much younger than he is, although ho has been growing gray rapidly of late and bis hair has become almost white. There is no man In tho House who as sorts himself less in the House than Mr. Wilson, but thero aro few who possess his power to thoroughly master a subjeot. He possesos a wide range of knowledge, Is a hard worker, and, when he chooses to make the exertion, can bo an impressive speaker, as ho has shown on more than one occasion. ?Philadelphia Evening Tolograph. SPEAKER CRISP'S APPOINTMENTS One chairmanship for South, Caro lina?Chairmen of* tho different Committees. Speaker Crisp on last Monday weok made his announcement of the various committees of the House of Repre sentatives, after bolng engaged for five woeks In the work of making his selections. South Carolina is awarded ono chairmanship in tho person of Capt. G. W. Shot! who Is put at tho hoad of the 6ommlttco on vontilatlon and acoustics. Tho following special to the State Indicatos tho places given to the other South Carolina congress men, as well as tho chairmen of tho difforent committoos: Representative Sholl was tho only member of the South Carolina delega tion who got a House comtnitteo chair manship. His committco is not an im portant ono, but it increases his influ ence and extends his patronage. He Is allowed a secretary at $6 a day. Ho has not as yet said who his socretary will bo, but it is quito likely that young Prank Shell will fall heir to this neat little plum. In addition to tho chairmanship, Mr. Sholl also goes back on tho committee on agriculture. Mr. Brawloy goes on roform in tho civil servico and interstate and foreign commerce. Mr, Talbort is on two committoos?labor and expenditures In tho Interior Department. Mr. Lnti mer landed on publio lands, Mr. Strait on patents, Mr. McLuurin on manu factures and education, and Mr. Murray on education. The friends of Mr. Brawloy thought ho was entitled to a chuirmunshlp, but he is not fretting about it. chairmen of the committees. The following aro tho ehuirmon of tho committees as announced by Speaker Crisp: Elections, O'Forral of Virginia; ways and moans, Wilson of West Virginia; appropriations, Sayers of Texas ; judiciary, Culberson of Toxus; coinngo, weights and measures, Blund of Missouri; banking and cur rency, Springer of Illinois; foreign affairs, McCroary of Kentucky ; inter state and foreign commerce, Wiso of Virginia; rivers und harbors, Blanchard of Louisiana; merchant marine and fisheries, Fithian of Illinois; agriculture, Hatch of Mis souri ; military affairs, Outhwaito of Ohio ; naval affairs, Cuminings of Now York ; postoftices and postroads, Hon dorson of North Carolina; public land, McRoa t. Arkansas; Indian affairs, Holtnun of Indiana : Territories, Wheelor of Alabama; railways and canals, Catchingsof Mississippi; private lands claims, Peudleton of West Vir ginia ; manufactures, Pago of Rhode Island ; mines and mining, Woadock of Michigan; public buildings and grounds, Bankhoad of Alabama; Pacific ruilroads, Roilly of Pennsyl vania; levees and improvement of Mississippi river, Allen of Mississippi; education, Enloo of Tennesseo ; labor, McGann of Illinois; militiu, Forman of Illinois; patents, Covert of New York; invalid pensions, Martin of Indiana ; pensions, Mosos of Georgia ; claims, Boltzhoovor of Pennsylvania; District of Columbia, Heard of Mis souri ; revision of laws, Ellis of Ken tucky ; expenditures in Stato Depart ment, Lester of Virginia; expendi tures in Treasury Department, Bar wig of Wisconsin; expenditures in War Department, Montgomery of Kentucky ; expenditures in Navy De partment, MoMillan of Tennessee; expenditures in Postoflico Department, Oates of Alabama; expenditures in Interior Department, Turner of Geor gia: expenditures in Department of Justice Dunphy of New York ; expen ditures in Department of Agriculture, Edmund of Virginia ; public buildings, Crain of Toxas; library, Follows of Now York; printing, Richardson of Tennesseo; civil servico, Deforest of Connecticut; election of President and Vice President, Fitch of Now York ; ventilation and acoustics, Sholl of South Carolina ; alcoholic liquor traffic, English of New Jorsey ; irrigation of arid lands, Coopor of Indiana; immi gration and naturalization, Gessonhoi raer of Now Jorsey. Representative Latlmor called at tho Interior Department this morning and reoommonued Walter Miller, of Abbeville, for a chief's place. Secre tory Smith Baid that South Carolina had its Share of offices in tho Interior Department, Gon. Wado Hampton having boon cbargod to tho Stato. Ixx)K After Your Irish Pota toes.?Now that the potato crop Is gathered, It will require intelligent treatment, to save them from rotting during tho months of August and September. Koop them in aa cool a place asj you ean, carefully pick out any that may have rottod, and bo sure to dust alrslaekod limo freely ovor them. During tho last of Septembor and first of Ootobor, tho potato shows a disposition to sprout, especially if thoy have been kept too warm. This can bo prevented by burning sulphur in your collar with tho door tightly elosod, and tho fumos allowed to ro main in tho collar for two or three days. Do not enter tho collar until tho fumos have disappeared..?Yorkville Enquirer. _ _ ?Prof. J. S. Newman, of Clemson Collego suggests that subscription committees bo organized in every county In tho Stato for tho purposo of collecting a sum sufficient to orect, near Clemson Collego, a neat shaft In honor of John C. Caflioun ; that $10,000 bo thus collected ; that subscriptions bo accepted from all who may feel disposed to honor thomsolvos by con tributing to this worthy object, and also that a control committeo bo rais ed, of which Mr. John F. Calhoun, tho eldest, of the name, shall be mado Chairman. ^ ^ ?A few days ago while grading on tho Atlantlo Coast Lino oxtonsion, nenr tho banks of tho Santoo River, the skeleton of an Indian was found, and alongside of It sevoral largo stone iars whioh contained a number of beads. They are of various sizes and all mado from bones of somo kind. It is probable that this place may havo been used as a burying ground, and if so some valuable Indian relics may be unearthed. ?Receiver D. H. Chamberlain of the South Carolina Railway has made arrangement to give a large number of the road's employes a free trip to tho World's Fair, starting from Charleston on the 1st of September. MATTERS IN WASHINGTON. Sayings and Doings at the National Capital?All Sorts of Items. Special to The State. Washington, August 22.?Repre sentative Shell, who was injured by a oable car last night, has groatly im proved to-day. His iniurios, though painful, are not now beliovod to oo serious, and to-morrow ho will bo moved to tho home of Representative McLaurin on Capitol Hill. As tho time approaches for tho up pointniont of tho colleotor politics en livens in tho delegation camp. Mr. Carlislo says that tho papers may bo sent on to Buzzard's Bay now at any dato. The race is between Bon Perry, Dan Thompkins, Governor Tlllman'a private secretary, Lucus of Darling ton and Gen. Bratton, of Fairfleld. Tho whole South Carolina delega tion havo now endorsed J. P. J. Cald well for tho Italian mission. Mc Laurin, Strait and Latimor put their names to the application today. Washington, D. C, August 23.? Aa viewod from tho treasury stand point tho goneral financial situation of tho country shows an improvement, slight, perhaps, but bolioved to bo pormanent. Tho bank failures havo almost entirely ceased ; tho banks that suspended aro resuming business; tho gold, which poured out of tho country is returning, und a goneral feeling of confidence is being restored. PriVato Secretary Thurbor, when asked this morning regarding tho roport that tho Presidont was suffering from Bright's disease, unhesitatingly stated that there was no truth in tho report, and whon asked as to his genoral health stated that there was nothing tho matter with the President. When ho left Washington it was under tho advico of thoso who tako a great porsoual interest in his welfare, and simply bocauso ho wanted tho recupera tion which his arduous duties of tho past six months had made necessary, and to fit him to again assumo the exacting duties of his official position. Mr. Thurbor added that the rest the Presidont needs is simply what any man, however vigorous, muat require whon overworked. Mr. Thurbor recoivod a lottor yestorday from tho Prosidont, In which ho statod that ho was rapidly gaining strength and vigor. Assistant Secretary Hamlin, who has just returned from Gray Gables, bringing with him a number of official appointnionts for internal revenue collectiors in Kentucky and West Virginia, states that tho President seemed to be in tho best of health, and pronounces as absured tho storios to the contrary. Secretary Lament, who also has boon quite recently In tho President's society, said : "These stories aro absolutely basoloss. Tho President 1b as sound as any ono, but llko every body else ho needs rest occasionally. His physicians have said that ho has no organle trouble of any kind." Washington. August 24.?The fea ture of the silver debate at tho night session of the House was tho speech of George Washington Murry. Represen tative from the "Black" (Seventh) District of South Cusolina, and the on ly representative of the colored rnco in Congress. Judging by his faco, thore is not a drop of white blood running in his voins ; but his voico did not show his African organ. On tho settlement of this ponding question he said there wero throe dis tinct and somewhat antagonistic ele ments. Tho first class was composed of bankers and commercial mon who controlled the currency. Tho second class was composed of tho owners of 8llvor mines and all tho coined buillion not in the possession of tho govern ment. Tho third class was composed of toiling and producing millions, who wero neither gold bugs nor silver bugs. To tho last class noarly all of his con stituents and his wholo race belonged. In many respects bo represented a con stituency of 278,000, and he represent ed a race of 8,000,000. He did not be liovo that tho great troubles now exist ing wero attributable to tho Sherman law. His race had felt tho mailed hand long before 1890. Ho attributed the distress to the contraction of tho circulating medium, and, in his opin ion, it could bo relioved only by tho enlargmont of tho volume of money. His constituency combined patriotism with self interest. His race believed that thoro was enough monoy in tho world to act as currency. It was in favor of making up the doficloncy with silver, and to that oxtont he was in favor of froo coinage and bimetallism. Nover in history had a black hand been raised to strike down tho fing of his country. Notwithstanding ill treatment, tho black mon of this coun try had boon always found voting and shooting for America, Members of tho Georgia dologation in Congress this morning recoivod a telegraphic appeal from a citizens com mittoo of Brunswick asking for im mediate aid in tho way of "provisions and monoy. Congressman Turner, in whoso district Brunswick lies, had a long couforenee with Surgeon General I Wyman after receiving this tologram. Tho object of tho conference was to ascertain if any help for tho unfortu nate cltlzons could bo oxtondod by tho Marino Hospital Sorvico. Surgoon Gonor.vl Wyman was vory sympathetic and promised to do all In his power to alloviato urn miserable condition of I the poor people who aro loft in Bruns* I wick. An effort will bo niado to , furnish food and modicino out of tho epidemic fund at tho disposal of the bureau if it can bo thus utilized. This courso of procedure is being taken un dor consideration to-day, and it is hopod that a favorablo decision will bo roachod. ?Tho monthly roport of tho exposi tion auditor of the board of directors has been presented. It covers tho finances of the fair to tho end of July. Following aro tho important rocoipts : Gate receipts afior May 1, $8.164,688 ; sale of souvonlr coins, including pre mium, $2,420,580; concessions receipts, $1,178,540, miscellaneous rocoipts, $490,042; total, $28,078,548, including liabilities of $401,258. Accounts pay ablo, $357,446; goneral and oporatlng expenditures. $0,048,554 ; construction oxponsos, $17,134,869; total expendi tures, $22,183,423; balanco, $895,124. ?Adam and Kvo woro colored per sons according to tho theory of Bishop Turner, presidont of tho Mothodlst Episcopal Missionary Society. In a rocent address boforo tho Congress on Africa he mado an attempt to prove sho assortion and created a sensation. " Revolting as tho theory may bo to some present," ho said, "I ixmovo that all humanity started blaok?that black was tho original color of mankind." ?The Granitevillo factory has just sold 1,100 bales of cotton goods for ex port. This Is tho biggest salo of tho season and tho first for export. Per haps tho tide is about to turn and good times are almost here?the kind you b?ve vead about > 'it waver felt or saw. THE SOVTH A Mi RIGHT. Opinions on' the Matter by one who knows. The sentiments, which have been uttered by a number of papers and people concerning ttie excellent way in which the South has borne up under the financial stringency, are fully approved by Mr- R- H. Edmonds, who was for twblvo years the editor of the Haltimore Manufacturer's Record, and Is ono of the best posted men in the world on southern resources and development. He has written a letter in which ho calls, attention to a state ment of his made several years ago in reviewing the^irqp trade, that "it is of more than-'passing interest to note that tho Smith's big iron produc tion attracts tho 'greatest attention during periods of sovere depression and low prices." I To followed this with some statistics showing how well the iron trade of that section has passed through every depression and )iow the' effect had always been to ?'g*y&?- Increased con fidence to northern capitalists in southern Iron-majkln'fc possibilities. " And," said he, " I'-have always claimed that not in iron alone but In ovory branch of business tho South's solidity, demonstrated in every period of doprosslon, brings inoreased pros perity whenever business conditions throughout tho country are good." Asked what he thinks of the Souths prospects in the light of the present situation be replies as f?llowa : "My answor is that "my faith is stronger now than evor.? Every test that tho sovorest financial stringency brings only proves the inherent advant ages of this favored land. The wonder ful way in which tho South has met tho present troublo as compared with all other sections has attracted univer sal attention, and tho result 'will be, whon tho panic is over, such a flow of capital to this section as we have never scon before. Tho accumulated wealth of tho north, which must find a. fiold for investment, discouraged by the many failures throughout tho i west and tho northwest, will be turned into tho South by millions. It will go , into cotton mills, into iron works, into ( diversified industries, into mineral and timber lands, and into gold mining, , for thoro is an abundance of gold in tho South whon tho mining is rightly , managed. Moroovor, thero will be a largo immigration from tho wost of Lho class of people which tho South aeeds?small farmers who have saved up a little money, skilled mechanics, und others. "Tho South is tho coming section of this great country, or as tho lato Judge Kelly, of Pennsylvania, onco said, " tho coming El Dorado of American adventure." These are tho confident words of an optimist, but they are just words never theless. Tho record which tho South has mado during tho past ninety days, and is now making, is bound to attract favorable attention from capitalists looking for investment, and sottlors looking for a placo in which to cost their lot. Thoy are obliged to bo im pressed by tho splendid showing which tho South bus made in the hard times which have demoralized business in ovory othor section ; and when the new era of prosperity begins men and money will come this way.?Augusta Chronicle. CLEMSON COLLEGE, In Which of tho Counties is the New Instltuto Located? Tho abovo question was asked of a crowd numbering fifteen or twenty porsons that had eongrogated in front of C. K. Henderson's store the other day, and tho answers revealed the fact that not ono knew. Some said one county and some said another, until nearly every county in tho up-country was enumerated. Tho ignorance of the crowd on this point is remarkable when It is remembered that hardly a day passes that something is not said in the daily papers about Clemson Col lege, and that it has been a bone of contention in politicul circles for sovoral years past. As no ono seemed to know, ex-Sheriff Holly suggosted that a Tillmanito bo called in. He naturally thought that as Clemson College had been established under the Tillmnn Administration every mother's son of them could tell all about tho institution. In a short time Mr. Everott Taylor came walking by. Ho Is not only a Tillmanito, but he had just returned from Clemson- a dologate to tho Alliance Convention? and on him all oyes centered,- for they thought surely ho must know, and tho quostion was put to him. " Now borry," was his quick responso, but the crowd know hotter than that, so bo changed to Anderson county, and thero ho steadfastly held out that tho Col lege was located. Tho noxt to come along was Auditor Dave II. Wise. The quostlon was propounded to him, and he located the college in Pickens, and as ho Is usually correct and well informed in such matters, his answor was accepted as final. But it turns out that bo was wrong and that Clomson is located about two hundreds yurd from tho Pickons county lino, over in Oco neo county. Col. John C. Gastou, who was at Clomson last week, mado special inquiry on that point, and ho says it is in Oconco. And all this leads us to re mark that Clomson Collogo was not established a day too soon, and that history should bo made ono of its special features.?Aikon Journal and Review? Pickons District was divided by ordinance of tho Constitutional Conven tion of 180K into two counties, Oconoo and Pickens. The dividing iino com mences at tho Anderson line, follow ing tho public road to Ravonol's ferry, thonco up Seneca and Kooweo rivers to tho North Carolina lino. This lino throws Fort Hill in C >nee county.? Keoweo Coarior. ?In speaking of tho convention of Southorn and Western States, which ho has been petitioned to call, Governor Stone, of Missouri, said that ho would be glad to do anything that was essontlnl and proper for tho well being of tho South and West. Ho said : "Such a convention for tho considera tion of quostions nffoctlng particularly thoso two soctlons, without roforenco to tho East, might result beneficially." ?Thoro is a lady living near Marietta, Ga. who has, by hor own exer tions, mado and saved enough money to pay her and hor husband's oxpenses to tho World's Fair. Whon sho first hoard of It sho commonced soiling fruit, eggs, butter, milk and old cloth ing, and besides having enough to pay all oxponses of tho fair, bought a suitablo outfit for horsolf. - ? i r? ?It has boon officially announced that a reduction would be made in tho salaries of all tho employes of the Port Royal and Western Carolina railroad, from tho suporlntendont down, which reduction will go into offcot on tho 1st. of Soptombor. This is done on account of the lack of business just at this time and when things get hrigut the old salaries will be given the men. OIjD TOWN, 17B8-1893. The Oldest MoravIhn Settlement in North Carollua. " And ever upon old decay Tho groenest mosses cling." I thought as I knolt and brushed away the leaves and earth, from tho little squaro of sand stone, that mark ed the oldo6t gravo in tho graveyard at Bethabara, or Old Town. It was that of a littlo girl, and when thostono was as clean as I could got It, tho name and date woro discernible, but indistinct, and I read : Anna Marian Opizin, 1757. i ,\ihaA U8od a Btick to holP me up tho hill, which is really almost a small mountain, upon tho top of which is tho oldest Moravian graveyard south of tho Maaon'and Dixon lino. Tho ascont is so stoop that whon there is a funeral tho coffin is carried up in a sheet, unloss it be vory small, and then four mon carry It by hand. I had como to Old Town with a party of friends to a Suuduy sebool picnic, and found so much that was interesting and old that I thought porhaps tho readers of tho Citizen would like to hoar something of this finished (?) Old Town. Tho Moravians, of Pennsylvania, re ceived a grant from tho earl of Gran villo, an English nobleman, for twontv thousand acres of land in tho state of North Carolina, for tho purpose of building a settlement thoro. This was in the early part of 1753. Aftor much deliberation tho north ern colony sent out twelve singlo brothron to fix upon a suitable locality. Tho choico of twenty thousand acres was loft to them. Aftor many weary wooks of. fruitless journeying, thoy camo to Old Town, then a forest, just at nightfall on September 10th, 1753, fatigued and disheartened; thoy bore took refugo from a threatening storm in a hut built of rough logs. The next day thoy looked about thorn and decided that this was the desired havon. Hero thoy scttlod, and under many difficulties tho colony gra dually increased, though it was nevor quite as oxtonsivo as the several neigh boring settlements which afterwards sprung into oxistonco. Tho villago now consists of one sfcroot, tho church and live or six dwellings, built like the houses in the "Mooderland," on tho ono sido, and a beautiful field of oats on the othor. Tho church is of brick covorcd with a thick cement, and is under the same roof with tho parsonage, as aro many old churches in these old German set tlements. The windows aro deep with vory hoavy sash, and in lieu of blinds or shutters havo plain white muslin curtains fastened in placo with twine. Tho pulpit is high and old-fashioned, and up in the narrow gallory which ox* uu ? across ono end of tho church, art " peep boles," one at oach side, placed there for tho organist and choir to look through during the service. I am sorry to say that the organ is no more. It was built entirely of wood, and tho organist sat sidewiso to the proacher, and the organ was pumped from tho other side of the gallery, by tho different boys in the church, who had regular turns for this duty. Down undor the church is a deep cellar, which is, some of tho girls said, " as dark as Egypt," and so eool ! This was built so that the pastor could store away his salary until ready to dispose of it. Would that our pastors bud a like use for collars. Though It is porhaps better as it is, for tho earlj pastors at Old Town were paid first in provisions and old clothes, later on in tobacco, and still later in whiskey. Every man then had his "still house" as well as his barn. Baok from tho parsonage is a church kitchen with a furnace and a largo kettle. ThiB is whore?tho "Love Feast" coffee is made, all the other necessary vessels are kopt here also. Only those who have attended ono of the sweotly solemn festivals can appreciate the old custom. Since I have been here I have attonded four. Just outside the church under tho shade of a largo tree but quite near the church wall is a large marble slab with the dates Sept. 10th, 1753, and Nov. 21st, 1817. Tho first date has already been mentioned, and tho second is that of tho building of tho present church. The bell in tho old hol fry was made in Germany 1708, and has a very sweet, clear tone. Whata talo of faithfulness it tells with every stroke. How hard these early Christians had to toll, what hardships endure, what sacrifices make, in order to make their house of worship all that it should bo. There aro still other interesting I things that might bo written of, but for fear I weary you I lay aside my pen and trust that you wero for a few moments at least interested in "Old Town," quaint villago of tho " Old North Stato."?Waynesboro True Citi ?Whon tho second case of yellow fovor was reported in Brunswick, Ga., , two days ago Manager Meeks, who I had ehargo of tho Brunswick Tele phono exchange, loft the city, and tho telephones wero practically out of use. Mr. John R. Thompson, of Atlanta, volunteered his services and was sent to Brunswick to tako charge of tho ex change ?North Carolina is to dovoto the en tire second floor of tho Agricultural Building in Raleigh to tho uses of tho Stato Museum, and tho curator claims that tho collections now there, whon supplemented by tho North Carolina exhibits at tho Columbian Fair, will form a pormanont museum that will not bo oxcellod by any othor Stato. ?There has boon a strike among tho employes of tho Gingham mills at Fort Mills, S. C. Tho proprietors claimed that tho mills havo boon running for some tlmo at a loss and wanted to force tho operatives to tako half their pay in cloth. Thoy refused to do this and quit. ?A carpet that had boon In uso for sovon years in San Francisco brought $5,500 recently aftor It had beondmrn sd. It had accumulated that much yold While on the floor in the coiner's room in the mint. ?"Do you meet all your bills promptly during these hard times?" asked ono Quitmanito of another "Yes," was tho reply. " I guess I do. I moot ono ovory tlmo I turn a corner." ?It is said that apples are being sold In Chatham county, N. C, at 15 cents por bushels, and that doalora aro buying all thoy want of them at that price. ?Clark's throad mills, which havo boon shut down for the past throe wooka, resumed operations thia morn ing on three quarter tlmo. ?Tho democratic Stato convontion of Iowa has ronominatod Gov. Boioa by acclamation and Lieutenant Governor Bestow on tho first ballot. ?A orop ceases to be a money crop whon it costs more to produce it than it soils for, sagely arguos the Home and Farm. ?Stockholm has tho highest death rate from drink of any oity in the world. 90 In 10,000. ? .'??y.v.k..- .