JUDGK SIMONTON'S. DECISION.
An l hi (?? ;??.< i Ii,", DIhcuksIoii of a Vital
: .(?<?! lun of the Dispensary Act-?Ita
Invalidity Affirmed.
Judgo Simonton filed last wcok his
long looked for decision in tho habeas
corpus caso from Nowborry County*
in tho caso of railroad agont Lan?-?
^fcford, of Prosperity, who was arrostod
for dollvoring a keg of whiskey to its
consignee. The matter hinged largely
upon tho interpretation of section 25
of tho Disponsary Act, of which Judge
Simonton gives a full exposition. The
following is tho decision fn full:
tjnitkd states op amehic
District op South Carolina,
In the Circuit Court.
In re D. M. Langford, habeas corpus:
This case comes up upon petition for
haben:; corpus, tho writ and tho return
thereto.
The petition sets forth that the pe
titioner, ii eltlzon of tho Unitod States,
and of the State of South Carolina, is
the agont of tho rocolvors of tho Rich
mond & Danvlllo railroad at Pros
perity, a town in South Carolina. That
on tho 14th of July, 1803, as such agont,
ho roeoivod by a rogulur train over a
railroad of tho rocolvors, a kog of
whiskoy consigned to A. A, Singley, a
resident of said toVn, which kog, as
shown by tho way bill, was shipped
from Ploasant Rldgo, in North Caro
lina, to said town in South Carolina.
That ho dolivorod tho kog to tho con
algnoo, and that soon thereafter he
was arrcstod under a warrant issued
by a trial justice of said Stato, chargod
with violating tho provisions of an act
of tho legislature of South Carolina
entitled ''An Act to prohibit tho
manufacture and sale of intoxicating
liquors as a beverage within this State
oxcept as heroin providod." And that
ho is yet in custody. Tho petition
furthor shows that tho delivery by him
of tho keg of whiskoy aforesaid, was
made by him under and pursuant to the
laws regulating eommorco between
States, and that tho act of tho legisla
ture of tho Stato under which he has
boon arrostod and bold In custody is in
conflict with said intor-Stato eom
morco law and is null and void so that
his arrest is illogal. Ho prays his dis
ohargo from arrest. The return of tho
sheriff having him in custody, admits
that the petitioner is hold for violation
of tho said act by reason of tho deliv
ery of tho keg of whiskey as stated,
and denies thut tho act is in conflict
with tho inter-State eommorco law.
And on tho contrary that it comos
within tho provisions of the act of Con
gress approved August 8th, 1890. com
monly known as tho Wilson act. It
further avors that tho potitionor is in
custody for triul in the courts of tho
State for a erlmo against tho Stato,
and that this court in comity to tho
courts of tho Stato ought not to inter
fere horein until tho said Stato courts
have first passed upon tho question in
volved in tho ease.
In Cantini versus Tillman, 04 Fed
oral Reporter, 070, tho alleged conflict
of the dispensary aot with tho consti
tution and laws of the United States
was discussed, and the validity of
which act was sustained. Tho opin
ion, however, expressly reserved any
discussion of tho validity of tho 25th
section. Tho caso at the Dar raises tho
Issue on this section.
Tho petitioner is in custody under
tho charge of violating section 25 of
the aet of tho legislature referred to.
This section is in these words :
" No person shall knowingly bring
into this Stato, or knowingly trans
port from placo to placo within this
Stato, by wagon, cart, or other vehicle,
or by any other moans or modo of car
riage, any intoxicating liquors, with
the intont to soli the same lathis Stato
in violation of law, or with intent that
tho same shall bo sold by any person,
or to aid any other person in such sale,
' under a penalty of $500, and costs for
each ofl'ense, and in addition thoroto
shall bo Imprisoned in tho county jail
for ono year. In default of payment of
said fine and costs, the party shall
Buffer an additional imprisonment of
ono yoar. Any servant, agent, or em
ployee of any railroad corporation, or
of any oxpress company, or of any per
sons, corporations, or associations do
ing business in this Stato as common
carriers, who ?hall removoany intoxi
cating liquors from any railroad car,
vessol, or other vehicle of transporta
tion, at any place other than tho usual
and established stations, wharves, do
pots, or places of business of such com
mon carriers within somo incorporated
city or town, where there is a dis
pensary, or who shall aid in or consont
to such romoval, shall bo subject to a
penalty of $50, and imprisonment for
thirty days for every such oft'enso:
Provided, That said ponalty shall not
apply to any liquor in transit, whou
changed from car to car to facilitato
transportation. All such liquor in
tended for unlawful snlo in this State
may Iw seized in transit, and proceeded
against as if it were unlawfully kept
and deposited In any placo. And any
steamboat, sailing vessol, railroad, ex
press company, or other corporation,
knowingly transporting or bringing
such liquor into the Stato, shall bo
punished upon conviction by a lino of
Avo hundred dollars and coats for oach
olTonso. Knowledgo on tho part of any
authorized agont of such company shall
bo deemed xnowlodgo of tho com
pany."
Tnoro can bo no doubt that but for
tho pnssago of tho Wilson act tho pro
visions of this section would be in con
flict with tho intor-State commerce
law and void (Bowman vs. Chicago,
&c, 125 United States 4G5. Lolsy vs.
Hardin 134 United Statei 100). This
last caso inducod tho pasmgo of tho
Wilson aet. Caldwell, j. in ro Van
Vllot 43, Federal Reporter, 700.
Tho Wilson act is as follows :
"An netto limit tho effect of tho
regulations of eommorco botwoon tho
?sovoral Statos and with foroign coun
tries in certain 6ases." " That all fer
monted, distilled, or other intoxicating
liquors or liquids, transported into any
Stato or Torritory, or remaining there
in for uso, consumption, salo, or stor
ngo i herein sim II upon arrival in such
Stato or Torritory bo subject to the
oporatlon and ofroct of tho laws of
auch Stato or Territory enacted in the
exercise of its police powora to tho
same oxtent and in tho samo raannor
as though such liquids or liquors had
boon produced in such Stato or Torri
tory and ?hall not bo exotnpt there
from by roason of bolng introduced
therein In original packages or other
wise." ?
Whatworo the Inter-Stato commerce
regulations which wero in oxistonco at
the passage of this act from which in
toxicating liquors weftfcby it exempted?
Thh? question is answe'rod in tho two
cases quoted above. The flrse-of those
cases had declared that under the
inter-State commerce regulation* the
right to import intoxicating liquors
into any State existed and the second
case declares that this right of im
portation Involved tho right to the im
porter to soil so long as the liquor re
mained In tho original paokago. That
therefore tho polioo power of tho State
could not prevent the Importation ex
copt under re**>rictlons, nor forbid the
JUDGK SIMONTON'S. DECISION.
An l hi (?? ;??.< i Ii,", DIhcuksIoii of a Vital
: .(?<?! lun of the Dispensary Act-?Ita
Invalidity Affirmed.
Judgo Simonton filed last wcok his
long looked for decision in tho habeas
corpus caso from Nowborry County*
in tho caso of railroad agont Lan?-?
^fcford, of Prosperity, who was arrostod
for dollvoring a keg of whiskey to its
consignee. The matter hinged largely
upon tho interpretation of section 25
of tho Disponsary Act, of which Judge
Simonton gives a full exposition. The
following is tho decision fn full:
tjnitkd states op amehic
District op South Carolina,
In the Circuit Court.
In re D. M. Langford, habeas corpus:
This case comes up upon petition for
haben:; corpus, tho writ and tho return
thereto.
The petition sets forth that the pe
titioner, ii eltlzon of tho Unitod States,
and of the State of South Carolina, is
the agont of tho rocolvors of tho Rich
mond & Danvlllo railroad at Pros
perity, a town in South Carolina. That
on tho 14th of July, 1803, as such agont,
ho roeoivod by a rogulur train over a
railroad of tho rocolvors, a kog of
whiskoy consigned to A. A, Singley, a
resident of said toVn, which kog, as
shown by tho way bill, was shipped
from Ploasant Rldgo, in North Caro
lina, to said town in South Carolina.
That ho dolivorod tho kog to tho con
algnoo, and that soon thereafter he
was arrcstod under a warrant issued
by a trial justice of said Stato, chargod
with violating tho provisions of an act
of tho legislature of South Carolina
entitled ''An Act to prohibit tho
manufacture and sale of intoxicating
liquors as a beverage within this State
oxcept as heroin providod." And that
ho is yet in custody. Tho petition
furthor shows that tho delivery by him
of tho keg of whiskoy aforesaid, was
made by him under and pursuant to the
laws regulating eommorco between
States, and that tho act of tho legisla
ture of tho Stato under which he has
boon arrostod and bold In custody is in
conflict with said intor-Stato eom
morco law and is null and void so that
his arrest is illogal. Ho prays his dis
ohargo from arrest. The return of tho
sheriff having him in custody, admits
that the petitioner is hold for violation
of tho said act by reason of tho deliv
ery of tho keg of whiskey as stated,
and denies thut tho act is in conflict
with tho inter-State eommorco law.
And on tho contrary that it comos
within tho provisions of the act of Con
gress approved August 8th, 1890. com
monly known as tho Wilson act. It
further avors that tho potitionor is in
custody for triul in the courts of tho
State for a erlmo against tho Stato,
and that this court in comity to tho
courts of tho Stato ought not to inter
fere horein until tho said Stato courts
have first passed upon tho question in
volved in tho ease.
In Cantini versus Tillman, 04 Fed
oral Reporter, 070, tho alleged conflict
of the dispensary aot with tho consti
tution and laws of the United States
was discussed, and the validity of
which act was sustained. Tho opin
ion, however, expressly reserved any
discussion of tho validity of tho 25th
section. Tho caso at the Dar raises tho
Issue on this section.
Tho petitioner is in custody under
tho charge of violating section 25 of
the aet of tho legislature referred to.
This section is in these words :
" No person shall knowingly bring
into this Stato, or knowingly trans
port from placo to placo within this
Stato, by wagon, cart, or other vehicle,
or by any other moans or modo of car
riage, any intoxicating liquors, with
the intont to soli the same lathis Stato
in violation of law, or with intent that
tho same shall bo sold by any person,
or to aid any other person in such sale,
' under a penalty of $500, and costs for
each ofl'ense, and in addition thoroto
shall bo Imprisoned in tho county jail
for ono year. In default of payment of
said fine and costs, the party shall
Buffer an additional imprisonment of
ono yoar. Any servant, agent, or em
ployee of any railroad corporation, or
of any oxpress company, or of any per
sons, corporations, or associations do
ing business in this Stato as common
carriers, who ?hall removoany intoxi
cating liquors from any railroad car,
vessol, or other vehicle of transporta
tion, at any place other than tho usual
and established stations, wharves, do
pots, or places of business of such com
mon carriers within somo incorporated
city or town, where there is a dis
pensary, or who shall aid in or consont
to such romoval, shall bo subject to a
penalty of $50, and imprisonment for
thirty days for every such oft'enso:
Provided, That said ponalty shall not
apply to any liquor in transit, whou
changed from car to car to facilitato
transportation. All such liquor in
tended for unlawful snlo in this State
may Iw seized in transit, and proceeded
against as if it were unlawfully kept
and deposited In any placo. And any
steamboat, sailing vessol, railroad, ex
press company, or other corporation,
knowingly transporting or bringing
such liquor into the Stato, shall bo
punished upon conviction by a lino of
Avo hundred dollars and coats for oach
olTonso. Knowledgo on tho part of any
authorized agont of such company shall
bo deemed xnowlodgo of tho com
pany."
Tnoro can bo no doubt that but for
tho pnssago of tho Wilson act tho pro
visions of this section would be in con
flict with tho intor-State commerce
law and void (Bowman vs. Chicago,
&c, 125 United States 4G5. Lolsy vs.
Hardin 134 United Statei 100). This
last caso inducod tho pasmgo of tho
Wilson aet. Caldwell, j. in ro Van
Vllot 43, Federal Reporter, 700.
Tho Wilson act is as follows :
"An netto limit tho effect of tho
regulations of eommorco botwoon tho
?sovoral Statos and with foroign coun
tries in certain 6ases." " That all fer
monted, distilled, or other intoxicating
liquors or liquids, transported into any
Stato or Torritory, or remaining there
in for uso, consumption, salo, or stor
ngo i herein sim II upon arrival in such
Stato or Torritory bo subject to the
oporatlon and ofroct of tho laws of
auch Stato or Territory enacted in the
exercise of its police powora to tho
same oxtent and in tho samo raannor
as though such liquids or liquors had
boon produced in such Stato or Torri
tory and ?hall not bo exotnpt there
from by roason of bolng introduced
therein In original packages or other
wise." ?
Whatworo the Inter-Stato commerce
regulations which wero in oxistonco at
the passage of this act from which in
toxicating liquors weftfcby it exempted?
Thh? question is answe'rod in tho two
cases quoted above. The flrse-of those
cases had declared that under the
inter-State commerce regulation* the
right to import intoxicating liquors
into any State existed and the second
case declares that this right of im
portation Involved tho right to the im
porter to soil so long as the liquor re
mained In tho original paokago. That
therefore tho polioo power of tho State
could not prevent the Importation ex
copt under re**>rictlons, nor forbid the
Halo of tho importation by the importer
bo long asjit remained In the original
puoknge> . ,
Tho Wilson act put tho imported
packager* whether in its original shape
or otherwise, under the police power of
tho s< ate upon its arrival inBuoh State,
precisely no other intoxicating liquor
in the state is subject to such police
power.
What is tho meaning of tho term
" upon its' arrival?'? Tho respondent
insists t.bat by this term is moant its
ontranco within the bordors of the
State. Thus it is a prohibition of tho
importation of intoxicating liquors
into this stai<\ That does not seem
to be within?^he scope of tho Wilson
act. It provides "for all fermented,
distilled or otboi intoxicating liquors
or liquids transported into any state,"
and declares them not exempt from tho
operation of tho police laws by reason
of boing introduced therein in original
packages orVothorwise." It is clear
that the Wilson act deals with
liquors after their introduction within
tho Stato. "And therefore tho word
" arrival " catt*not be construed to bo at
tho bordor otitho State. Goods " ar
rive " wbon they reach their destina
tion. In tho .term is involved a cessa
tion of tho jjransit. Goods shippod
from Virginia to Alabama can not be
said to arrivd ip. North Carolina, South
Carolina or Georgia. They "arrive"
when thoy reaoh their destination in
Alabama.
On tho othe* hand tho petitioner
contends that tue Wilson act doos not
subject tho imported paokago to tho
oporation of the pollco regulations of
tho State until'the whole duty of the
carrier has been'-porformed. That tho
carrier does not perform his whole
duty until the goods aro delivered.
That when tho aat uses the expression
11 upon arrival in such Stato," it means
when tho delivery by the oarrier has
been mado. This position depends
upon tho construction to bo given to
this word "arrival." Words used in a
statute not technical in their charac
ter must bo taken in their ordinary
signification. Persons and goods ar
rivo when they reach their destina
tion. It is proper to say that after a
man arrives at a city ne goes to his
homo therein, or' to tho home of a
friend, or to his hotel. Some gocds
after " arrival" atthoir destination aro
either dolivorod to the consignee after
notlco of arrival, or aro hold until tho
freight is paid, or C. O. D., or aro
stored. The money for the freight or
the cash on dolivery cannot be demand
ed until tho goods havo arrived and bo
cause of such arrival, If the freight
be not paid, or if the cash on dolivory
bo not produced, or the consignee bo
not known or do not appear, theso can
not in any way affect tho arrival of tho
goods or permit us-'to any that they
havo not arrived. The* dolivory of
goods is not an essential oloment of
thoir arrival at their destination.
Compare Benjamin on Sales pp. 759,760,
sections 873,874. The'samo conclusion
would appear in using, tho analogy of
stoppage in transited* This right of
stoppage ends upon the dolivory into
possession of tho consignor. Says Bon
juniin on Salo p. 1070, seotion 1245.
"Tho vendor's right of stoppago in
transitu is vory frequently not ended
on their arrival at their ultimate des
tination because of his'rotontion of the
property in thorn."
Tho package In question upon its ar
rival at Prosperity, in South Carolina,
camo within the exoroise of tho police
power of tho Stato. The next question
is, is this 25th section of tho act of as
sembly, December, 1892, a lawful ox
erclso of tho police power ?
Examining this sectlofi we find that
it contains four distinct sub-divisions.
1st. No person shall knowingly bring
into this Stato or knowingly transport
from place to placo within tho Stato by
wagon, cart or other vehicle, or by any
other means or mode of damage, any
intoxicating liquors with intent to Bell
the same in this State in violation of
law or with intent that the same shall
be sold by any other person or aid any
other person in such salb.
2nd. Any servant, agent or employee
of any railroad corporation, or of any
express company, or of any persons,
corporations or associations doing bus
iness in this Stato as common carriers
who shall remove any intoxicating
liquors from any railroad car, vessel
or other vehicle for transportation, at
any place othor than tho usual and es
tablished stations, wharvos, depots or
places of business of such common car
riers within some incorporated city or
town where there is a dispensary, or
who shall aid in or consent to such re
moval, &c.
3rd. All such liquor intended for
unlawful salo in this Stato may bo
seized in transit and proceoded against
as if it wore deposited in any place.
41 It. Any stoamboat, sailing vessel,
railroad oxpress company,, or other
corporation Knowingly transporting or
bringing such liquor into tho State,
shall bo punished, &c. Knowlodge on
tho part of any authorized agent of
such company, shall bo deemed knowl
edge of tho company.
Thus In ovory sub-division but tho
second above sot forth, f there must
exist on tho part of the porson charged
tho knowlodge that tho intoxicating
liquors woro intended for salo. Tho
liquors to bo seized must bo intended
for salo. No prlvato carrior or othor
porson can offond this section if ho does
not know that tho liquor is brought in
for sale. Tho liquor can not be seized
in transit unless it is intended for salo.
Tho company transporting tho liquor
into tho Stato is punishable only wlion
its authorized agent knows that it was
intended for salo. This is in harmony
with all tho othor parts of tho aot. tho
purport and purpose of which is to
regulato the salo of intoxicating li
quors. This is plainly shown In tho first
section. " Tho manufacturo, salo, bar
tor, or exchange, or tho keeping or of
fering for salo of any spirituous, malt,
vinous, formontcd or other intoxica
ting liquor or compound or mixtures
thoreof by whatovor name called,
which will produco intoxloatlon, by
any porson, business, firm, corporation
or association, shall bo regulated and
conducted as provldod in this act."
Moro than this no criminality is at
tached to the porson receiving from
tho common carrior tho liquors mon
tionod in tho second sub-divlslon of this
25th section. But this second sub
division makes it a criminal offense for
ono special class of porsons, servants,
employees and agents of a special class
of common carriers, to romove from
tho car, &c, any intoxicating liquor
whatever, without any sort ofquullnca
tlon. No knowledge on tho part of
such servant, u?<ont or employee, that
It la intoxicating liquor is required.
Nor does it make any difforonce
whether the liquor bo Intended for
salo, porsonal uso or consumption in any
other way. Nono of tho safeguards
thrown around every other criminal
offense oxists. The only qualification is
that the olty or town In which the
Xaokage is, has no disponsary. This is
isorlmlnation, the separation of a
olass from the whole community and
singling it out for prosecution and pun
ishment. It is the olass on whom inter
state commerce largoly depends ; with
out whom it cannot bo conducted.
And if we are permitted tolnfor from
[the words of the aot, the motive
this discrimination the natural infer
ence would be that It Is intended to
provent any possible ohanco of
competition with dispensaries else
where established. An intention
sought to be perfected not by punish
ing all persons connectedwlth the act,
the importer and the consumer, but con
flning the crime and the punishment to
this one class ; creating lor this special
class a now crime.
If this be assumed to havo been done
in the exercise of the police power it
will be difficult to sustain it. The
Wilson act created no new power in
tho States. It professed to do no more
than to limit tho regulations of inter
State commerce. But the most broad
and liberal constructon of the act
would not permit a State under the
guise of tho police power to single out
and punish the agents of inter-State
commerce for a crime, specially creat
ed for them, in the teeth of the XIV
Amendment to the Constitution of tho
United States.
It Is extremely difficult if not im
possible to give an exaet definition of
and to describe tho limits of the pollco
power. It Is clear, however, that tho
legislature of a State can not assume
the exorcise of the pollco power in a
way forbidden by the constitution of
tho Stato. Tho constitution of South
Carolina, Article 1, Section 12, pro
vides " no person shall * * * bo
liable to any other punishment for
any offense, or bo subjected in law
to any other restraints or disqualifica
tions in regard to any personal rights
than such as are laid upon others undor
like oircumstances."
This limits tho power of the legisla
ture, and prevents this provision of the
act of 1892, known as the dispensary
act, from being an oxoroiso of tho po
lice power. This being so, tho provi
sions of the 25th section undor this act
contravene tho inter-State commerco
U?w and XIV amendment. Leopor vs.
Toxas 139 United States 463. Mis
souri vs. Lewis 120 United States 72,
and are nulled and void. Tho arrest
of tho petitioner basod on these provi
sions is void. Tho return suggests
that comity between tho courts should
induce this court to hold Its hand and
leave the determination of tho ques
tions involved in this case to the State
courts.
It Is tho duty of a judge when relief
is sought before him in a matter with
in his jurisdiction, spoodily to hear tho
plaint and if the party is ontitlod to
tho relief to give it. Ho can not shift
from his shoulders tho responsibility
of his judicial function, and -impose
thorn upon another. Strong as the
temptation is and agrocableas it would
be, to do so, he can not do it without
loss of self respect. Bcsidos this both
parties to this controversy desire a
speedy solution of it. Tho public in
terest demands that the legal questions
arising in, wc may say impeding, this
grave and interesting oxporimont of
the dispensary act bo shortly settled.
An appeal from this court lies di
rectly to the supremo court. A llnal
decree of the tribunal of last resort is
vory near at hand.
It is ordered, That tho dofondant be
reloasod from custody.
HOW IT IS KEGAUDFJ).
Opinions About Judge Sin ion ion's
Decision?How It affects the Dispen
sary Act.
Special to the News and Courier.
Columbia, August 22.?Tho Ad
ministration does not scorn to think
that there is any harm in Judge Si
monton's decision or that it is tho be
ginning of tho downfall of tho law.
Thoy havo all along thought that tho
law was impregnablo, and even an
opinion from Judge Simonton is thought
of so little, importance that they all
claim that no harm can come out of it.
Of course tho decision will bo appealed
from, and Attorney General Towusond
says that it will be carried to the
Supreme Court with others which will
perhaps bo ready in a short time. Ono
thing is vory curious, and that is how
difTorently tho opinion is viewed in its
offeots upon tho dispensary system.
There are somo who regard it as a
vory serious blow to tho system, and
that It has opened the way for men to
get all of tho liquor that is wanted for
personal use and without any intorfor
onco whatovor.
Attorney Gcnoral Townsond, how
over, takes a vory different vlow of tho
olfoct of the opinion. He says that
tho opinion is only upon tho question
of tho right of tho Stato to arrest a
railroad agont undor the provisions 2,
Section 25 of tho law. No other point
in tho law has been decidod, and tho
only effect of the decision, if sustained,
would bo to prevent tho Stato from ar
resting agents who handled tho ship
ments of liquor. Tho law, ho thinks,
provides plenty of othor valid ground
upon which tho importation of liquor
can bo stopped. He thinks that thero
is nothing in the opinion that would
prevent the State's constablos from
seizing a shipment of liquor, no mattor
for what use it was intended, if it did
not boar one of the stamps provided
for in tho law. Tho packago, ho
thought, could be seized and confiscat
ed to tho Stato immediately upon its
"arrival, " and tho Stato could in that
way prevent the shipment of liquor in
to the Stato, except when consignod to
the commissioner. Thero was no way,
no thought, by which tho commissioner
could bo compelled to givo tho stamps
whloh were required, in his opinion,
to pass packages. Ho insisted that
tho opinion affected no othor part of
tho law, oxcoptlng tho clauso which
referred to the arrest of agents.
Commissioner Traxler, howovor,
thinks that tho decision might affect
the income of tho dispensary, hut that
otherwise it will havo no result. It
has no effect, ho thought, upon tho
spirit of the law and tho Act would re
strict the salo of liquor as Originally
intended.
Another Stato House officer took a
very gloomy vlow of the situation and
thought that tho opinion would havo a
most disastrous effect upon tho dispen
sary law. If it did not already decide
that thero was nothing in tho law that
would prevent the intorforenco with
liquor shipped to an individual, Judge
Simonton's opinion would, he thought,
load to that result. It was,but the bo
ginning of that phaso of tho objoction
to tho law. Ho thought that if Judge
Slmonton's opinion did not already
prevent any Interforonco with liquor
shipped from outside of tho Stato it
was a moro question of tlmo as to when
tho Stato would havo lta eyo comploto
ly blackened on that point. Ho argu
ed that if tho State cannot interfere
with shipments undor Section 25 and
arrest agents for violation of its provi
sions it could not 0 iso at all.
i
?Tho reunion or tho Hart's Battery
will bo held at Denmark on Wodnos
day, August 30. Addresses will be
made by Generals 8tephen D. Lee.
Wade Hampton, M. C. Butler ana
Major J. F. Hart. There will be a
plenlo in connection with the reunion.
?Wife: "Wakoup! There are thievos
in the houso!" Husband : " Go down
and show them your new bonnet, and
j thoy wop't waste any time looking for
J money here."
TUB IiE2AHf.lt OF l'HI; HOUSE:
William Ij. Wilson, of West Virginia,
and His Record.
Tho chairmanship of tho commlttoe
of ways and means has always ranked
as noxt In importance to tho Speaker
ship, not only because of the magni
tude of the questions which come be
fore tho committee, but also because
tohe chairman is usually accepted as
tho leader of the majority on the floor.
It may be doubted whether an excep
tion should always be made in favor of
tho Speakorship. After the commit
tees aro appointed, the presiding officer
may bo said to retlro to a judicial posi
tion. He does much to give tone to tho
proceedings of the body over whioh he
presides, but he necessarily proservos
towards these proceedings a non-par
tisan aud neutral attitude. Ho cannot
influonce tho course of legislation ex
cept in the intervals of buslnoss. The
functions of a leader, whether of tho
majority or of the opposition, aro dif
ferent from t hose. The success or
failure of measures often rests with
him?some times tho fate of parties.
Thero havo been thirty-six difforent
chairmen of this committee since its
first establishment in 1789. The most
eminent names on the list aro those of
John Kandel oh, of Virginia, from 1802
'to 1806, and again from 1827 to 1828;
Langdon Choves, of South Carolina,
1812-13; Juliane. Vorplanok, of New
York, 1832-33; James K. Polk, of Ten
nessee, 1833-35; Millard Fillmoro, of
Now York, 1841-43 ?John Sherman, of
Ohio, 1861-63, and Thaddens Slovens
of Pennsylvania, 1863-65.
Since then the position has boon
hold successively by Justin S. Morrill,
of Vermont, Robert C. Sohenck, of
Ohio, and Henry L. Dawos, of Massa
chusetts, Republicans; William R.
Morrison, of Illinois, and Fernando
Wood, of Now York, Democrats; Wil
liam D. Kolloy, of Pennsylvania, Re
publican.; William R. Morrison, of
Illinois, and Roger Q. Mills, of Toxas,
Domocrats; William McKinley, of
Ohio, Republican, and William M.
Springer, of Illinois, Democrat.
Tho Southern States have had tho
chairmanship of the committee during
much more than half the period sinco
the Government has been in existence
under the. Constitution, and Virginia
uul South Carolina havo each had the
office longer than any other State?
South Carolina for fifteen years, and
Virginia for fourteen yoars. To Penn
sylvania it has fallen for ten years only
?Thomas Fitzsimmons, of this Stato,
having beon tho first chairman, in
1789; Joseph Clay, 1806-7; J. Glanoy
Jonos, 1857-60; Thaddous Stevens,
181)3-65 ; aud William D. Kelley. 1881-83.
Until Fernando Wood was made chair
man in 1877 New York had not had the
chairmanship sinco 1843, whon Mr.
Fillmore retired. Since 1856 the head
Df tho ways and means committee has
been taken from the West and North
except during tho 50th Congress
[1887-89,) when Roger Q. Mills of Texas
tilled tho position.
The Hon. Wm. L. Wilson, the now
chairman of tho committee on ways and
means, was born in Jefferson County,
Va., now West Virginia, on May 3,
1843, and is consequently now in his
")lst year. Ho rocoivod his oducatlon
at Charlcbtown Academy and at Colum
bia Collego, District of Columbia,
from which institution ho was gradu
ated in 1860, and at tho University of
Virginia, near Charlottosville, Albe
raarlo County.
On tho outbroak of tho rebellion, in
1861, young Wilson, who was thon but
18 years old, entered tho Confodorato
army. After tho closo of war ho was
for sevoral years professor in Colum
bia College, during which timo ho
graduated in its law school, ami on tho
overthrow of tho lawyor's tost oath In
West Virginia resigned and entered
upon tho practice of law at Charles
town, where ho has ever sinco resided.
Hla growth in public estimation as a
careful lawyer and forcible speaker
was rapid.
Like a largo proportion of tho mem
bors of tho legal pi'ofossion ho gradu
ally drifted into politics. In 1880 he
was u dologato to tho National Demo
cratic Convention at Cincinnati and an
elector at largo on tho Hancock ticket.
Subsequently he was chosen president
of tho West Virginia University and
entered upon tho duties of that office
September 4, 1892. but on September
10 was nominated for a seat in tho 48th
Congress, and was ulcctod as a Democrat
receiving 11,466 votes, against 11,386
votos for F. W. Mason, Republican.
Ho resigned tho presidency of tho State
University with tho beginning of his
Congressional term. In 1883 ho ro
coivod tho dogrco of L.L. D. from the
Columbian Univorslty.
Mi\ Wilson has been continued a
member of tho House ever since, but
his plurality last yoar was only 1,057.
Ho entorofl Congress at tho time whon
the rovenuo reformors proposed to
make one of their number Speaker of
the House of Representatives. The
contest. was botwoon Mr. Carlislo and
Mr. Randall. It was assumed that
West Virginia was a protection Stato,
and that its Representatives would
vote for Mr. Randall. Mr. Wilson dis
appointed this expectation by voting
for Mr. Carlislo, and induced his dele
gation to follow him. Then ho "began
to hoar from homo," but he proceeded
steadily in tho way he had chosen,
voted squaroly for the Morrison bill,
and was ro-elected without difficulty.
In Docombor, 1887, at the opening
of tho 50th Congress, Speaker Carlisle
appointod Mr. Wilson to a placo on
the committoo on ways and means, Mr.
Mills, of Toxas, boing chairman. He
lost his placo on tho committoo whon
tho Ropublleans secured tho Speaker
ship in 1880, but was roappointed 'by
Spoakor Crisp in Docombor, 1891,
standing fourtli on tho list of membors.
Ho now socures tho chairmanship after
only four yoars' sorvico on tho com
mitteo. During tho discussion of the
Mills tariff bill In tho 50th Cooerross ho
dolivored a speech in favor of tariff re
form, which was universally acknowl
edged to bo tho abl?st representation
of that sido of tho question which was
hoard on tho floors of Congross. The
speech showed that ho had thoroughly
mastored tho litoraturo of tho tariff,
American and foroign, and tho politi
cal history of tho country, and it
brought him into national prominonco.
In June, 1892, ho was mado tho por
manont chairman of tho Domocratic
National Convontion at Chicago. On
taking tho chair on that occasion ho
delivered an admirable speech, but
thoro his fitness for tho placo ended.
He was utterly unablo to control tho
Convontion, which at timos hecamo lit
tle better than a howling mob which
paid no manner of rospoct to the sound
of his gavol or his plaintivo appeals for
order. This inability to presldo ovor
a large and boisterous assembly, how
over, does not imply that ho lacks tho
peculiar force and tact rcquirod to load
the House, for, happily, he will not be
required to maintain order, as well as
to direct legislation.
At the opening of the present extra
session of Congress Mr. Wilson had
another honor thrust upon him?that
of introducing in tho House the Ad
ministration bill for tho repeal of the
purohaaingclausoof the Sherman silver
Act. That duty he performed with his
aooustotned modesty and dignity. Ho
is a slight, short, student-like man.
with a drooping mustache and mild
blue eyes. His small stature and youth
ful looking face make him seem much
younger than he is, although ho has
been growing gray rapidly of late and
bis hair has become almost white.
There is no man In tho House who as
sorts himself less in the House than
Mr. Wilson, but thero aro few who
possess his power to thoroughly master
a subjeot. He possesos a wide range
of knowledge, Is a hard worker, and,
when he chooses to make the exertion,
can bo an impressive speaker, as ho
has shown on more than one occasion.
?Philadelphia Evening Tolograph.
SPEAKER CRISP'S APPOINTMENTS
One chairmanship for South, Caro
lina?Chairmen of* tho different
Committees.
Speaker Crisp on last Monday weok
made his announcement of the various
committees of the House of Repre
sentatives, after bolng engaged for five
woeks In the work of making his
selections. South Carolina is awarded
ono chairmanship in tho person of
Capt. G. W. Shot! who Is put at tho
hoad of the 6ommlttco on vontilatlon
and acoustics. Tho following special
to the State Indicatos tho places given
to the other South Carolina congress
men, as well as tho chairmen of tho
difforent committoos:
Representative Sholl was tho only
member of the South Carolina delega
tion who got a House comtnitteo chair
manship. His committco is not an im
portant ono, but it increases his influ
ence and extends his patronage. He
Is allowed a secretary at $6 a day. Ho
has not as yet said who his socretary
will bo, but it is quito likely that
young Prank Shell will fall heir to
this neat little plum. In addition to
tho chairmanship, Mr. Sholl also goes
back on tho committee on agriculture.
Mr. Brawloy goes on roform in tho
civil servico and interstate and foreign
commerce. Mr, Talbort is on two
committoos?labor and expenditures
In tho Interior Department. Mr. Lnti
mer landed on publio lands, Mr. Strait
on patents, Mr. McLuurin on manu
factures and education, and Mr. Murray
on education. The friends of Mr.
Brawloy thought ho was entitled to a
chuirmunshlp, but he is not fretting
about it.
chairmen of the committees.
The following aro tho ehuirmon of
tho committees as announced by
Speaker Crisp:
Elections, O'Forral of Virginia;
ways and moans, Wilson of West
Virginia; appropriations, Sayers of
Texas ; judiciary, Culberson of Toxus;
coinngo, weights and measures,
Blund of Missouri; banking and cur
rency, Springer of Illinois; foreign
affairs, McCroary of Kentucky ; inter
state and foreign commerce, Wiso
of Virginia; rivers und harbors,
Blanchard of Louisiana; merchant
marine and fisheries, Fithian of
Illinois; agriculture, Hatch of Mis
souri ; military affairs, Outhwaito of
Ohio ; naval affairs, Cuminings of Now
York ; postoftices and postroads, Hon
dorson of North Carolina; public land,
McRoa t. Arkansas; Indian affairs,
Holtnun of Indiana : Territories,
Wheelor of Alabama; railways and
canals, Catchingsof Mississippi; private
lands claims, Peudleton of West Vir
ginia ; manufactures, Pago of Rhode
Island ; mines and mining, Woadock of
Michigan; public buildings and
grounds, Bankhoad of Alabama;
Pacific ruilroads, Roilly of Pennsyl
vania; levees and improvement of
Mississippi river, Allen of Mississippi;
education, Enloo of Tennesseo ; labor,
McGann of Illinois; militiu, Forman
of Illinois; patents, Covert of New
York; invalid pensions, Martin of
Indiana ; pensions, Mosos of Georgia ;
claims, Boltzhoovor of Pennsylvania;
District of Columbia, Heard of Mis
souri ; revision of laws, Ellis of Ken
tucky ; expenditures in Stato Depart
ment, Lester of Virginia; expendi
tures in Treasury Department, Bar
wig of Wisconsin; expenditures in
War Department, Montgomery of
Kentucky ; expenditures in Navy De
partment, MoMillan of Tennessee;
expenditures in Postoflico Department,
Oates of Alabama; expenditures in
Interior Department, Turner of Geor
gia: expenditures in Department of
Justice Dunphy of New York ; expen
ditures in Department of Agriculture,
Edmund of Virginia ; public buildings,
Crain of Toxas; library, Follows of
Now York; printing, Richardson of
Tennesseo; civil servico, Deforest of
Connecticut; election of President and
Vice President, Fitch of Now York ;
ventilation and acoustics, Sholl of
South Carolina ; alcoholic liquor traffic,
English of New Jorsey ; irrigation of
arid lands, Coopor of Indiana; immi
gration and naturalization, Gessonhoi
raer of Now Jorsey.
Representative Latlmor called at
tho Interior Department this morning
and reoommonued Walter Miller, of
Abbeville, for a chief's place. Secre
tory Smith Baid that South Carolina
had its Share of offices in tho Interior
Department, Gon. Wado Hampton
having boon cbargod to tho Stato.
Ixx)K After Your Irish Pota
toes.?Now that the potato crop Is
gathered, It will require intelligent
treatment, to save them from rotting
during tho months of August and
September. Koop them in aa cool a
place asj you ean, carefully pick out
any that may have rottod, and bo sure
to dust alrslaekod limo freely ovor
them. During tho last of Septembor
and first of Ootobor, tho potato shows
a disposition to sprout, especially if
thoy have been kept too warm. This
can bo prevented by burning sulphur
in your collar with tho door tightly
elosod, and tho fumos allowed to ro
main in tho collar for two or three
days. Do not enter tho collar until tho
fumos have disappeared..?Yorkville
Enquirer. _ _
?Prof. J. S. Newman, of Clemson
Collego suggests that subscription
committees bo organized in every
county In tho Stato for tho purposo of
collecting a sum sufficient to orect,
near Clemson Collego, a neat shaft In
honor of John C. Caflioun ; that $10,000
bo thus collected ; that subscriptions
bo accepted from all who may feel
disposed to honor thomsolvos by con
tributing to this worthy object, and
also that a control committeo bo rais
ed, of which Mr. John F. Calhoun, tho
eldest, of the name, shall be mado
Chairman. ^ ^
?A few days ago while grading on
tho Atlantlo Coast Lino oxtonsion,
nenr tho banks of tho Santoo River,
the skeleton of an Indian was found,
and alongside of It sevoral largo stone
iars whioh contained a number of
beads. They are of various sizes and
all mado from bones of somo kind. It
is probable that this place may havo
been used as a burying ground, and if
so some valuable Indian relics may be
unearthed.
?Receiver D. H. Chamberlain of the
South Carolina Railway has made
arrangement to give a large number of
the road's employes a free trip to tho
World's Fair, starting from Charleston
on the 1st of September.
MATTERS IN WASHINGTON.
Sayings and Doings at the National
Capital?All Sorts of Items.
Special to The State.
Washington, August 22.?Repre
sentative Shell, who was injured by a
oable car last night, has groatly im
proved to-day. His iniurios, though
painful, are not now beliovod to oo
serious, and to-morrow ho will bo
moved to tho home of Representative
McLaurin on Capitol Hill.
As tho time approaches for tho up
pointniont of tho colleotor politics en
livens in tho delegation camp. Mr.
Carlislo says that tho papers may bo
sent on to Buzzard's Bay now at any
dato. The race is between Bon Perry,
Dan Thompkins, Governor Tlllman'a
private secretary, Lucus of Darling
ton and Gen. Bratton, of Fairfleld.
Tho whole South Carolina delega
tion havo now endorsed J. P. J. Cald
well for tho Italian mission. Mc
Laurin, Strait and Latimor put their
names to the application today.
Washington, D. C, August 23.?
Aa viewod from tho treasury stand
point tho goneral financial situation
of tho country shows an improvement,
slight, perhaps, but bolioved to bo
pormanent. Tho bank failures havo
almost entirely ceased ; tho banks that
suspended aro resuming business; tho
gold, which poured out of tho country
is returning, und a goneral feeling of
confidence is being restored.
PriVato Secretary Thurbor, when
asked this morning regarding tho
roport that tho Presidont was suffering
from Bright's disease, unhesitatingly
stated that there was no truth in tho
report, and whon asked as to his
genoral health stated that there was
nothing tho matter with the President.
When ho left Washington it was under
tho advico of thoso who tako a great
porsoual interest in his welfare, and
simply bocauso ho wanted tho recupera
tion which his arduous duties of tho
past six months had made necessary,
and to fit him to again assumo the
exacting duties of his official position.
Mr. Thurbor added that the rest the
Presidont needs is simply what any
man, however vigorous, muat require
whon overworked. Mr. Thurbor
recoivod a lottor yestorday from tho
Prosidont, In which ho statod that ho
was rapidly gaining strength and
vigor.
Assistant Secretary Hamlin, who
has just returned from Gray Gables,
bringing with him a number of official
appointnionts for internal revenue
collectiors in Kentucky and West
Virginia, states that tho President
seemed to be in tho best of health, and
pronounces as absured tho storios to
the contrary.
Secretary Lament, who also has
boon quite recently In tho President's
society, said : "These stories aro
absolutely basoloss. Tho President 1b
as sound as any ono, but llko every
body else ho needs rest occasionally.
His physicians have said that ho has
no organle trouble of any kind."
Washington. August 24.?The fea
ture of the silver debate at tho night
session of the House was tho speech of
George Washington Murry. Represen
tative from the "Black" (Seventh)
District of South Cusolina, and the on
ly representative of the colored rnco in
Congress. Judging by his faco, thore
is not a drop of white blood running in
his voins ; but his voico did not show
his African organ.
On tho settlement of this ponding
question he said there wero throe dis
tinct and somewhat antagonistic ele
ments. Tho first class was composed
of bankers and commercial mon who
controlled the currency. Tho second
class was composed of tho owners of
8llvor mines and all tho coined buillion
not in the possession of tho govern
ment. Tho third class was composed
of toiling and producing millions, who
wero neither gold bugs nor silver bugs.
To tho last class noarly all of his con
stituents and his wholo race belonged.
In many respects bo represented a con
stituency of 278,000, and he represent
ed a race of 8,000,000. He did not be
liovo that tho great troubles now exist
ing wero attributable to tho Sherman
law. His race had felt tho mailed
hand long before 1890. Ho attributed
the distress to the contraction of tho
circulating medium, and, in his opin
ion, it could bo relioved only by tho
enlargmont of tho volume of money.
His constituency combined patriotism
with self interest. His race believed
that thoro was enough monoy in tho
world to act as currency. It was in
favor of making up the doficloncy with
silver, and to that oxtont he was in
favor of froo coinage and bimetallism.
Nover in history had a black hand
been raised to strike down tho fing of
his country. Notwithstanding ill
treatment, tho black mon of this coun
try had boon always found voting and
shooting for America,
Members of tho Georgia dologation
in Congress this morning recoivod a
telegraphic appeal from a citizens com
mittoo of Brunswick asking for im
mediate aid in tho way of "provisions
and monoy. Congressman Turner, in
whoso district Brunswick lies, had a
long couforenee with Surgeon General
I Wyman after receiving this tologram.
Tho object of tho conference was to
ascertain if any help for tho unfortu
nate cltlzons could bo oxtondod by tho
Marino Hospital Sorvico. Surgoon
Gonor.vl Wyman was vory sympathetic
and promised to do all In his power to
alloviato urn miserable condition of
I the poor people who aro loft in Bruns*
I wick. An effort will bo niado to
, furnish food and modicino out of tho
epidemic fund at tho disposal of the
bureau if it can bo thus utilized. This
courso of procedure is being taken un
dor consideration to-day, and it is
hopod that a favorablo decision will
bo roachod.
?Tho monthly roport of tho exposi
tion auditor of the board of directors
has been presented. It covers tho
finances of the fair to tho end of July.
Following aro tho important rocoipts :
Gate receipts afior May 1, $8.164,688 ;
sale of souvonlr coins, including pre
mium, $2,420,580; concessions receipts,
$1,178,540, miscellaneous rocoipts,
$490,042; total, $28,078,548, including
liabilities of $401,258. Accounts pay
ablo, $357,446; goneral and oporatlng
expenditures. $0,048,554 ; construction
oxponsos, $17,134,869; total expendi
tures, $22,183,423; balanco, $895,124.
?Adam and Kvo woro colored per
sons according to tho theory of Bishop
Turner, presidont of tho Mothodlst
Episcopal Missionary Society. In a
rocent address boforo tho Congress
on Africa he mado an attempt
to prove sho assortion and created a
sensation. " Revolting as tho theory
may bo to some present," ho said, "I
ixmovo that all humanity started
blaok?that black was tho original
color of mankind."
?The Granitevillo factory has just
sold 1,100 bales of cotton goods for ex
port. This Is tho biggest salo of tho
season and tho first for export. Per
haps tho tide is about to turn and good
times are almost here?the kind you
b?ve vead about > 'it waver felt or saw.
THE SOVTH A Mi RIGHT.
Opinions on' the Matter by one who
knows.
The sentiments, which have been
uttered by a number of papers and
people concerning ttie excellent way
in which the South has borne up
under the financial stringency, are
fully approved by Mr- R- H. Edmonds,
who was for twblvo years the editor of
the Haltimore Manufacturer's Record,
and Is ono of the best posted men in
the world on southern resources and
development. He has written a letter
in which ho calls, attention to a state
ment of his made several years ago
in reviewing the^irqp trade, that "it
is of more than-'passing interest to
note that tho Smith's big iron produc
tion attracts tho 'greatest attention
during periods of sovere depression and
low prices."
I To followed this with some statistics
showing how well the iron trade of
that section has passed through every
depression and )iow the' effect had
always been to ?'g*y&?- Increased con
fidence to northern capitalists in
southern Iron-majkln'fc possibilities.
" And," said he, " I'-have always
claimed that not in iron alone but In
ovory branch of business tho South's
solidity, demonstrated in every period
of doprosslon, brings inoreased pros
perity whenever business conditions
throughout tho country are good."
Asked what he thinks of the Souths
prospects in the light of the present
situation be replies as f?llowa :
"My answor is that "my faith is
stronger now than evor.? Every test
that tho sovorest financial stringency
brings only proves the inherent advant
ages of this favored land. The wonder
ful way in which tho South has met
tho present troublo as compared with
all other sections has attracted univer
sal attention, and tho result 'will be,
whon tho panic is over, such a flow of
capital to this section as we have
never scon before. Tho accumulated
wealth of tho north, which must find
a. fiold for investment, discouraged by
the many failures throughout tho i
west and tho northwest, will be turned
into tho South by millions. It will go ,
into cotton mills, into iron works, into (
diversified industries, into mineral
and timber lands, and into gold mining, ,
for thoro is an abundance of gold in
tho South whon tho mining is rightly ,
managed. Moroovor, thero will be a
largo immigration from tho wost of
Lho class of people which tho South
aeeds?small farmers who have saved
up a little money, skilled mechanics,
und others.
"Tho South is tho coming section of
this great country, or as tho lato Judge
Kelly, of Pennsylvania, onco said,
" tho coming El Dorado of American
adventure."
These are tho confident words of an
optimist, but they are just words never
theless. Tho record which tho South
has mado during tho past ninety days,
and is now making, is bound to attract
favorable attention from capitalists
looking for investment, and sottlors
looking for a placo in which to cost
their lot. Thoy are obliged to bo im
pressed by tho splendid showing which
tho South bus made in the hard times
which have demoralized business in
ovory othor section ; and when the
new era of prosperity begins men and
money will come this way.?Augusta
Chronicle.
CLEMSON COLLEGE,
In Which of tho Counties is the New
Instltuto Located?
Tho abovo question was asked of a
crowd numbering fifteen or twenty
porsons that had eongrogated in front of
C. K. Henderson's store the other day,
and tho answers revealed the fact that
not ono knew. Some said one county
and some said another, until nearly
every county in tho up-country was
enumerated. Tho ignorance of the
crowd on this point is remarkable
when It is remembered that hardly a
day passes that something is not said
in the daily papers about Clemson Col
lege, and that it has been a bone of
contention in politicul circles for
sovoral years past.
As no ono seemed to know, ex-Sheriff
Holly suggosted that a Tillmanito bo
called in. He naturally thought that as
Clemson College had been established
under the Tillmnn Administration every
mother's son of them could tell all
about tho institution. In a short time
Mr. Everott Taylor came walking by.
Ho Is not only a Tillmanito, but he
had just returned from Clemson- a
dologate to tho Alliance Convention?
and on him all oyes centered,- for they
thought surely ho must know, and tho
quostion was put to him. " Now
borry," was his quick responso, but the
crowd know hotter than that, so bo
changed to Anderson county, and thero
ho steadfastly held out that tho Col
lege was located. Tho noxt to come
along was Auditor Dave II. Wise.
The quostlon was propounded to him,
and he located the college in Pickens,
and as ho Is usually correct and well
informed in such matters, his answor
was accepted as final. But it turns out
that bo was wrong and that Clomson is
located about two hundreds yurd from
tho Pickons county lino, over in Oco
neo county. Col. John C. Gastou, who
was at Clomson last week, mado special
inquiry on that point, and ho says it is
in Oconco. And all this leads us to re
mark that Clomson Collogo was not
established a day too soon, and that
history should bo made ono of its
special features.?Aikon Journal and
Review?
Pickons District was divided by
ordinance of tho Constitutional Conven
tion of 180K into two counties, Oconoo
and Pickens. The dividing iino com
mences at tho Anderson line, follow
ing tho public road to Ravonol's ferry,
thonco up Seneca and Kooweo rivers
to tho North Carolina lino. This lino
throws Fort Hill in C >nee county.?
Keoweo Coarior.
?In speaking of tho convention of
Southorn and Western States, which ho
has been petitioned to call, Governor
Stone, of Missouri, said that ho would
be glad to do anything that was
essontlnl and proper for tho well being
of tho South and West. Ho said :
"Such a convention for tho considera
tion of quostions nffoctlng particularly
thoso two soctlons, without roforenco
to tho East, might result beneficially."
?Thoro is a lady living near
Marietta, Ga. who has, by hor own exer
tions, mado and saved enough money
to pay her and hor husband's oxpenses
to tho World's Fair. Whon sho first
hoard of It sho commonced soiling
fruit, eggs, butter, milk and old cloth
ing, and besides having enough to pay
all oxponses of tho fair, bought a
suitablo outfit for horsolf.
- ? i r?
?It has boon officially announced
that a reduction would be made in tho
salaries of all tho employes of the Port
Royal and Western Carolina railroad,
from tho suporlntendont down, which
reduction will go into offcot on tho 1st.
of Soptombor. This is done on account
of the lack of business just at this time
and when things get hrigut the old
salaries will be given the men.
OIjD TOWN, 17B8-1893.
The Oldest MoravIhn Settlement in
North Carollua.
" And ever upon old decay
Tho groenest mosses cling."
I thought as I knolt and brushed
away the leaves and earth, from tho
little squaro of sand stone, that mark
ed the oldo6t gravo in tho graveyard
at Bethabara, or Old Town. It was
that of a littlo girl, and when thostono
was as clean as I could got It, tho
name and date woro discernible, but
indistinct, and I read :
Anna Marian
Opizin,
1757.
i ,\ihaA U8od a Btick to holP me up tho
hill, which is really almost a small
mountain, upon tho top of which is tho
oldest Moravian graveyard south of tho
Maaon'and Dixon lino. Tho ascont is so
stoop that whon there is a funeral tho
coffin is carried up in a sheet, unloss it
be vory small, and then four mon carry
It by hand. I had como to Old Town
with a party of friends to a Suuduy
sebool picnic, and found so much that
was interesting and old that I thought
porhaps tho readers of tho Citizen
would like to hoar something of this
finished (?) Old Town.
Tho Moravians, of Pennsylvania, re
ceived a grant from tho earl of Gran
villo, an English nobleman, for twontv
thousand acres of land in tho state of
North Carolina, for tho purpose of
building a settlement thoro. This was
in the early part of 1753.
Aftor much deliberation tho north
ern colony sent out twelve singlo
brothron to fix upon a suitable locality.
Tho choico of twenty thousand acres
was loft to them. Aftor many weary
wooks of. fruitless journeying, thoy
camo to Old Town, then a forest, just
at nightfall on September 10th, 1753,
fatigued and disheartened; thoy bore
took refugo from a threatening storm
in a hut built of rough logs.
The next day thoy looked about
thorn and decided that this was the
desired havon. Hero thoy scttlod, and
under many difficulties tho colony gra
dually increased, though it was nevor
quite as oxtonsivo as the several neigh
boring settlements which afterwards
sprung into oxistonco.
Tho villago now consists of one
sfcroot, tho church and live or six
dwellings, built like the houses in the
"Mooderland," on tho ono sido, and a
beautiful field of oats on the othor.
Tho church is of brick covorcd with
a thick cement, and is under the same
roof with tho parsonage, as aro many
old churches in these old German set
tlements. The windows aro deep with
vory hoavy sash, and in lieu of blinds
or shutters havo plain white muslin
curtains fastened in placo with twine.
Tho pulpit is high and old-fashioned,
and up in the narrow gallory which
ox* uu ? across ono end of tho church,
art " peep boles," one at oach side,
placed there for tho organist and choir
to look through during the service.
I am sorry to say that the organ is
no more. It was built entirely of wood,
and tho organist sat sidewiso to the
proacher, and the organ was pumped
from tho other side of the gallery, by
tho different boys in the church, who
had regular turns for this duty. Down
undor the church is a deep cellar,
which is, some of tho girls said, " as
dark as Egypt," and so eool ! This was
built so that the pastor could store
away his salary until ready to dispose
of it. Would that our pastors bud a
like use for collars.
Though It is porhaps better as it is,
for tho earlj pastors at Old Town were
paid first in provisions and old clothes,
later on in tobacco, and still later in
whiskey. Every man then had his
"still house" as well as his barn.
Baok from tho parsonage is a church
kitchen with a furnace and a largo
kettle. ThiB is whore?tho "Love Feast"
coffee is made, all the other necessary
vessels are kopt here also. Only those
who have attended ono of the sweotly
solemn festivals can appreciate the old
custom. Since I have been here I have
attonded four.
Just outside the church under tho
shade of a largo tree but quite near the
church wall is a large marble slab with
the dates Sept. 10th, 1753, and Nov.
21st, 1817. Tho first date has already
been mentioned, and tho second is that
of tho building of tho present church.
The bell in tho old hol fry was made in
Germany 1708, and has a very sweet,
clear tone. Whata talo of faithfulness
it tells with every stroke.
How hard these early Christians had
to toll, what hardships endure, what
sacrifices make, in order to make their
house of worship all that it should bo.
There aro still other interesting
I things that might bo written of, but
for fear I weary you I lay aside my pen
and trust that you wero for a few
moments at least interested in "Old
Town," quaint villago of tho " Old
North Stato."?Waynesboro True Citi
?Whon tho second case of yellow
fovor was reported in Brunswick, Ga.,
, two days ago Manager Meeks, who
I had ehargo of tho Brunswick Tele
phono exchange, loft the city, and tho
telephones wero practically out of use.
Mr. John R. Thompson, of Atlanta,
volunteered his services and was sent
to Brunswick to tako charge of tho ex
change
?North Carolina is to dovoto the en
tire second floor of tho Agricultural
Building in Raleigh to tho uses of tho
Stato Museum, and tho curator claims
that tho collections now there, whon
supplemented by tho North Carolina
exhibits at tho Columbian Fair, will
form a pormanont museum that will
not bo oxcellod by any othor Stato.
?There has boon a strike among tho
employes of tho Gingham mills at Fort
Mills, S. C. Tho proprietors claimed
that tho mills havo boon running for
some tlmo at a loss and wanted to force
tho operatives to tako half their pay in
cloth. Thoy refused to do this and
quit.
?A carpet that had boon In uso for
sovon years in San Francisco brought
$5,500 recently aftor It had beondmrn
sd. It had accumulated that much
yold While on the floor in the coiner's
room in the mint.
?"Do you meet all your bills
promptly during these hard times?"
asked ono Quitmanito of another
"Yes," was tho reply. " I guess I do.
I moot ono ovory tlmo I turn a corner."
?It is said that apples are being
sold In Chatham county, N. C, at 15
cents por bushels, and that doalora aro
buying all thoy want of them at that
price.
?Clark's throad mills, which havo
boon shut down for the past throe
wooka, resumed operations thia morn
ing on three quarter tlmo.
?Tho democratic Stato convontion
of Iowa has ronominatod Gov. Boioa by
acclamation and Lieutenant Governor
Bestow on tho first ballot.
?A orop ceases to be a money crop
whon it costs more to produce it than
it soils for, sagely arguos the Home and
Farm.
?Stockholm has tho highest death
rate from drink of any oity in the
world. 90 In 10,000.
? .'??y.v.k..- .