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VO!" ?l! LAURENS, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER l l, 1887. NO. 7. Tili; AG1U0I LT?UAL COLLMK. ANO I'll li: AltriOl.l'J ON AN INTKlt ISSTINO BU lt J K< IT. A GonipnrUuii ol tho SIh>HlKHl|?itl College AVilli tim Son tit CurollilH College- Th? Merit? of Knell Coiit>iderc?, To tho liditor o? P?o Nows and Courier: A separate agricultural collogo is de manded because the agricultura ' di pert inent of tho Routh Carolina Collego ima not attracted a largo number ot shu!- ats. Cap?. Tillman says two sludeuts have studied a little agii?ulturul ouomistry. CUiors concedo oight ot ton. Lol us consider whether the College Las failed to attraot tho utudenis i*, should have, aud, if so, whether tho fault lieswil] tho plan of Organisation of ti?o Collcgo, orin to lie Bought elsowliore. A rcoital of the Congressional Act of l.Sii'j, ?ndi r which tho laud B< rip wu given, will rdiow tho bcope o? tho Act, rnd will dotormino what classes <>* ?itu tl ile uro to bo considered in receiving it? bendite. li will bu secu that? First, titi ro i-, no authority whatever for U;e argument tliat tho land scrip fund L'houUl bo devoted entirely to th< teaohing of agrioitlluro, I oafl spooial attention to tho w< Kia ot tho Act. Section J providi . thal Ul . incom . ol tho BOrip shall ho dovotod "to tho en dowment of at least one college whore the leading object shall be, without ex cluding oilier sciontifio and cia? kal studies nnd in Iuding military taotie to teach stich hrauohi i>i learning nu uro related to agriculture and tho niechanio aits, and in suoli manner aa tho L?gisla tures of tho Btutcu rany proscrib?. in 01. to promote tho liberal and pt ^'li ri.! uduouliou of thc industrial ein.. , s in tlu ocvornl purst'.its and professions of lifo." Tho eollego ri ceivitig tho money must j ny atti ntiou to mechanical nrtsoq nilly with agriculture, and must lit yo mg tuon, not for farming alone, as U pt. Tillman and "Out>ido Observer" would have it, bul for tho aovi ral i ursuits i..l professions of lifo, Not even cltv-sieal studios atc excluded, nod tho odin lion must bo "liberal' ns well SB Mp tel . nil." Tho South Corolin r< Collego fulliin ihe roquirpuienta of il?.-. Aol of Congress moro fully to-day than ile- Mis indppi College, for tho lat tur does nol pro id a "liberal" education, ft ignorus tho mechanical training, which is of equal importnnoo with agiicuh ire, and it open not claim to train host. i.>r tho "81 vornl pursuits und professions of life,'1 but simply k-r ur ruing, in tho luuguug of Mr. Thomas, it puts all tho eggs ...t . ono buski t. The College in Colnrul ia luis > i >r< soiontilie than literary prof? -o?s, i i ?rc ! Kcieiitiiitil i> literary studio?, morel soiontiflo ii ia i i ru ?;. couru . , uud more Students turing i. u bindii i timi lire related lo agriculture anil nu cl anio art . than those that a . not; for tim Uer thora aro very low studies, I: ale? u merely claim i lo Ul, hid docs indi ?. lit, young men "fi c th sc^ rul pur.iuib und ! professions in liio." Hut some one has discovered a genuino uniie'u nest, in that tho cs table-lum rd ol un agricuitnrul ilepurtmeut of a Stat? college is au cviinion of the Aot nhovo quoted, and th J trustees of tho South ? Carolina College have becu accuse 1 of .stealing tho farmora1 mouoy." i Chis sumo Aot, by thu way, chow* that the money doe? note belong to tho farmers alone, butte tho industrial classes/') Now tho ab&olnto legality of tl.? do part mon I plan lino been fully OeU.bl ?hod long ago. Tho very Hatch bill settles any doub'i hy ; ivie;/ the i'll -ab of its $lo,000 appropriation to "the oof lego, or collegee, or agricultural d< 1 art monte of collogcs in euch [State or lorri tory.'' After this, ii' Bimo and honest mau can attack tue legality or regularity ot the ftgvloultural dipurtuiont system. Sud being tLc law, tho South e.w. lina College is entitled td eli im nt least nil those ?t?ldenla who take oithor the agri cultural or tho mechanical courses it leiiht ill thoso students who perform manual Inlior iu 11* ? * work hops -and even the most ulna advocate ot murnini lal ?rmust accord this. 'I here were in tho College hiring Ihe 1 p I yea? ten t luden te in the regular ugric" turd course and ninoteen in tho mechanical and engineering courses, be sides n number of electivo und optional students, roakiugn total of about forty student* in tho Bgrh ll I tura! and mechan ical depu inn nt. If those who work in tho laboratory bo included, tho number ia gwolh d to at loasi lilly, These students ato hero, and muy bo seen at work by any doubtiug Thomas when the ('olleg. I? ?u seil ion, These oourses, in spit o td thoassotti ma of those who de) not Understand thom, aro thorough and practical, mut torn out bettor uud lui.io accomplished graduat< : . an come from xao.it separate agrioul nd collogcs. Why mo there no moro "agricultural" ttydoptpr* Simply because tho agi ?cul iura' cot?rse ia >? technical ?me, highly sp? iitlizi d, drawn up by Presidont Alc Ury do after thc boot European raodols. Only those take it who wish to become higiiiy soiontiilo farmers. The require meats for admlssioh sro ii foll year nigh or thun the staudnvd of tho Mississippi College. Other courses, the mechanical especially, may suit ordinary farmer bettor than Uns U eli:. K loi... Kvcn till classical course contnins many seiontilli stndios pertoining to agriculture and th mechanic arlu. Avery important diff?rence betwooi 'the Iwo colleges in question lies in tin diO'orentiatiou of OOUrSCfl in the om nm a uniformity of euri icnlum In tho other To secure thu bi ni til of tim cheap ari good mental tunning offered in Ali.--is ninpi, tho youug men are compelled U take tho agricultural eonrsej but c fifty per cent, td 1 -ul- ?ii - that In st itu! i. -ii do not return to farming, ll., inforonoo ia irresistible timi, biol the) !>'....! alloWOtl tho Option, Uley Weill have ohoAon some oilier, titling thom fe some other "piMMiit and proieesion i. lifo." 1 propoao to show thin morti . ul), later on hy probing that thc 1V??8?I ip| College ?01,., '.. h. Its cheapness os m 1? M by Ito agriculture. Again, of ?tl tho yo'itliH wlio h ,ve at tended Gen. Loo's College, about on hu If linvo boon preparatory itudonts who have practically studied no agriculture ami ?lone no compulsory farm work. During thc lirai live years, out ol' an aggregate attendance of all students of I,VJ?, uot less than 057 leftcollogo prior t;> tho Lut ol May of each year. Tld i is said net in disparagement of tho Missis sippi (Jollego, ont as an nuswer to ' loise sanguine reformers win? ?daim every ono of tin . I 57 boya us a lloishcd farmer and uso him ns u bludgeon with willoh to 1 reak tho bead of the South Caroline. College. if lui tho "preps" and all other: who buvo lott lb ni : ? i.lippi College before tho cd of tho fre?hmnu year bo thrown out ot tho reckoning, tho compruison modobotwnou those two institutions will not bo so "odious." A ?till ii:: tin r reason may bo given for thc largo attendance at tho Mississippi College, President Loo's roport sb o wa Hud during tho year 188-1-5 ..IVO si idoutc veni; through tho ontiro session on au uvera;;?! of c"-?:V~;?; 100 students cn un nverngo of $53.07; ??0 student-! ou au uvorogo of 821.50; 25 Btudonta on un avorago of 315.-10. Six students paid their way and had a balauoo of sevend dollars to theh' oroedt." (Dieunial re port, "-.' l i?5.) Thia in thc moid tub that contains ibo. cati Tho Mississippi College not only has freo tuition, but pays ita students a bonus boaidoa for work, Now, hinco this labor is utterly unremuncrattvo, entail ing a cost of 832 a bale for the mere P*oking of cotton, it cnn bo soon Hud tho College baa it generous taxpaying public behind it, willing to Miller Quancial loss m order to cheapen cduoation for do serving young men. Thc Routh Carolina Legislature not only oilers no bonus to tn . student, ;.uf charges 5>im ol') tail iou. .Many of those who dwo)I so strongly on tho ela ap.u ss of education in Mississippi aided in set ting up thia burrier norona Lio gateway ol tho South Carolina boy, lu tho ?: imo of tho harmers' sons, and other mon's son:1, why? Now, if tho M issi.-,: ip) ? Legislatura would withdraw this $5,000 bonus and charge tait iou. Gen, Lice'a Oodego would ; stifler fearful losa, as ho himself would testify. I.f Ibo Boutb Carolina Legisla* tare would follow Mississippi's present example, und would also open a prepara tory school for ono or two hundred I? iys unprepared t Muter thc regular ool , c cl.ei's, poor farmers' y ms and other I poor i>nn's som; world llook in on aili siihs fr.im tho mount-a-lnn to tho t:eu bould, even if every one wa? rcquir il to Miter tho agricultural course, und lue Hund? Curo'ana College and the Uefornt ira wou'd lillico In happy. Noi :. . wh > bas wittiossud tho struggles Dad. by parents to cduento their ohil dri.ii, toe sev.re saorillous, the actual privation of iiie necessaries of lifo for j titi*, pal pose, will doubt that tim cheap-j la-Mi, quito .ts much us tho charade>* of tao i d ieu? ion, ilolevmiuos largely thc class mid numbers of students that will | : iivtiil themselves of it. I'rosidout Lee evidently regards freo | I ailie.i and tho bonu? na tin euri.el i., olio j of lita coll go. ?ot tile draft of the bill; 'that was to ho pasted last yc.ir in our; ia,; ' il ire establishing a sep?rate e(.|-1 lc1:.' was report! d to contain ll p'/ovi- ion j ; rci|iiiriiig tuition fees. Tiiis was a mere binni, or ola.! a KOI'IOU? divergence ftotn , I Iii.'pian of the Misai* flippi College 'hat! I -VJ lui vc all been brought to consider a [model, ltwu.su euso of Hamlet with j I the Prince of Domuiirk loft out. Without; [tins fi cn tuition und bonus n separate ugricnllttral college in South Carolina! fo; poor farmers' eons Would lio a mag- ? nilieent fnihtio. V. I how is a public: ' sentiment that would not tob ride free tuition only in tin. South Carolina Col lepo rjoiug to 1)0 brought lo the point of touelaie; a youth free and paying him nc sides? "I pause for A r? ply." o. Columbia, i-. C., August, 1887. Souiellllllg on Hu- Other Si.le. To tho Editorof the Nows and Courier: lt is the argumonts I am after .iud n^t tho individual, lt is, thoroforo, a matter j of im li il'renee to mc whether they e tna- ! nato from ''D." or "])lxio," Similor Voumansor '.Farmer, but no Uid< unite." I pro|K>E0, then, to continuo to n ply lo the arguments used against on i.grieul-. lund college separate and apart from thc ' Slate University, and in favor of eon luitiing mid onfnrgiug tho present um:-' j loss iiuiiox, I maj romark, however,! that "H." and "Dixio," at least, uro so I mimi featly ono and tho sume person, j [Hint 1 bindi treat the arguments of thc! 'two nu coining I rom tho i-uine source. I ? may ;dso remark that w inn 1 i onsid?r n point clearly established, I shad frankly admit it. and trent it uooordingly. Such j I I consider to be tho cuso with reitn nee to tho conditions of tho Iii toll Iud. lu n former nrtioifl i mudo refer ncc to cirtii..i sappoMil not asserted- eoiuli tions of that bill, for I did not have it before mo. As is weil known, it luis been tho custom since thc war to insert acia:; - in such appropriations, provid ing that they shall bo used impartially between tho two races, and presuming tlint the Hatch lull contained such a elute ? , und in order to meet the require ment.! of tho Sbito law ns to two stations, [suggested looa ting tito low country ex perimental station in connection with Chili ni University. Hui now, on careful examination of tim bill itself, nod UH "D," shows, it contains no condition of tiiis kind, but loaves it pretty much en tirely with tho Legislatures of thoaovoral States and Territories to dispose ot the .onouut appropriated, ns they se? tit, [or tho purposes therein designated, lt ia Luc Unit Sc t i n I provides Ibid ?here two such ooili gi a (agricultural) or .ii (/ailments of colleges cxi t, tin amount allowed bindi bo cipiuily divided between them, "unless tim Legislature of such State or Ton dory aimil otherwise direct." .So in our case it must bo admitted Unit it depends entirely upon tho action of our Legislature ns to whether or not (Undhi University shall re?oive any por tion of this fund, us it does of tho origi nal i i ion I turn) fund. Hero is not the tune or place to enter into a disent non is to tho abstract justice of such a diver sion; for I presume it will not bo deniod 'lint, ('lattin lins an agricultural nnnex, if ..ho State University lina. The doubt ox II M.II by "several persons sud nows inpers" a? to whether or not South Oar* ulina would ba entitled to the benefit i ol iho "Hutch Aot," I have undorstood to rotor to doubt as to whether an i nat it ii tion containing so few students-and professors too, as I havo shown-of agri UVMRHHMCHBI (Milture, would bo accepted UH a bona Ilde agricultural college or agricultural dopartmout in tho sonso nf tho law. Tho reference to Cornell University proven nothing in our case, and in other respects is a very unfortunate one for ,"l>." to invoke. In the first place, I Cornell University owns its foundation ' originally to tho Act of Congress of 1802 i donating public lands to establish and laiiinKin .igrieullurul aral mechanical colleges, Under this Act tho State of Now loris got/ nine hundred and ninety thousand (1)00,000) neve? in land scrip. This all went to Cornell. So wo coo, this magnificent instit ut ?on han been re garded as nu agricultural and mechani cal college from its origin. To this {plondid national donation Mr. '.'one il added live hundred thousand dollars and over two hundred acres of land, with buildings, for tho USO of tho agricultural dep?rtate it. While tile ?eu.ling idea of tho national donatiou was to encourage tho study of agriculture and tho mechanic arts, tho Uko of Mr, Cornell was to 'omni an in stitution whero ovorythiug could be taught that any ono would bo likely to desire to learn, To carry out this idea hi:; friend and active coworker, Andrew \). While, was sent abroad to stu ; foreign institutions of learning, ctipcoiol Ij, those spion did institutions, ?he doi ni.m polytechnic schools. 1 know will reof J speak, because I had occasion thou tu meet Prof. White for tho Hist timo, and to show him through and furnish him tho documents rolativo to tho organization of one of the very bes! ot thoso schools. Thc result has been, perhaps, tho most complete university in tho strict sonso of tho term that tin country contain:). Hut how has tho agricultura! depart ment, tho v4.ry "lcadiug object" roi which Coria ll was founded, nourished' Acoordiug to tho catalogue of 1880 7 out of .MJU students there were only '-'.'t students ci agriculture. Tue Bonier cl 1st of 07 had only one si.tidying agriculture the junior ol' 1 If?, only 7; tho sopho.ri oi I 7-s, only '.); the freshman of oubj lf>j and ihcn ? special student.-, maktlij Ollt tho 517, Wc see then, in au institu tioil liku Corni ll, founded original!] mainly ns au agricultural colloge, wit! un ondowment such us few other insti tutions in tho lund possess, and tho pt of thu great St.do ot Now Vork, how tin agr?cultural dopartmout fads to nccom push tho purposo for which it wa founded. 1 believe we would Ibid approximate!, tho sinne state of thing" with all th< fri ar.ltural annexes in tho country. l? i only Hie ngriottlturnl col! ?. s tied at sup?rate and apart from other lustitu lions, HUCII as in Michigan, in Kanstu aiid more recently in Mississippi, ihr wc lind properly fulfilling tho purpose for whiob thoy wore founded. Can wi then, in South Carolina, reasonably li <p to chango thts stato of (aol , and make flourishing agricultural ann x in coi nectioii with tue State University? Cu we hope to succeed where Cornell lu failed? .UV' undertakes to refuto M Thomas's estiman of tho proportion ? tho Stat, laxes paid by thu farinera. i presumo wo have no oxaot dut either in the comptroller gonoral's ollh or else win re, m show the oxaot amoui ol tho burilen of taxation horne by ll fa ri ne rs or any other one class, and it t peril .ps, wi ll Dun wo should not h av Hui I would, remark, in thu first plac that tho $7?i>,:U2 Stute taxes docs not I any means represent tho ontiri tax pu 'jy thc people of tho Stato. Tin y b.i in addition to pay county, township ai municipal taxes, und here thoy gol i assistance iron, railroads or phospho royall ios. These 1 presume were i eluded'?i Mr. Thomas's estimulo. Hie u.-.u place, j insist that Mio farmc pay indirectly a very considerable pi portion both of tho railroad tax nial I phosphide royalty. I do not know what ext. nt tho price of land pbospbati used clo.Hy hy our fanners, may affected by tho royalty on water phi pli?tes, which, i believe, are mos! shipped outside tho State. lint it v ih bo remember al that i vorj long sitare, when Capt. Tilln. proposed to ?nen ase this royalty lo p cure a fund to establish tim ngrieultu college, li great outcry waa mudd these. : arne opp ?m uh. Ol tho college the ground thal it would be un additii ni burden on tho funner. Hut now s? ems to .suit them to forgot this, n pr? t. ml that ibis royalty is not paid the fanner. As to the railroad tax "I is outircly too well informed ns^ to I burden horne by our people hy ta taxation, as ho luis recently shown by excellent articles Written elsewhere, l to know that this 'ai I road tax conics directly out ol the pockets of those v use tim railroads. The fanners wk produco is carried to market by rail, t whose supplies aro brought buck to th by rail, assist in paying this lax. I Insist thon that tho ligures cited '*].)." from tho comptroller general's port do not give oven an appi'OXirx idea of the binden of taxation that fanners huvc to bear; und that Thomas is likely, upon tho whole, net correct than no ia. Hut "D." admita thal "South Curo hus ul wu vs been, mid most pi obj always will bo, an agricultural state, that lier chu t' wealth will be derived reotly from tho soil by tho toil and nv of ii large proportion of lier poop Should WO not then provide for tho i cation and improvement of this "h proportion of our people," I will not instead of, but as well as for tho "ge: ul literary, scientific und polite Olfltl of the few who intend to be prc ach doctors and lawyers/ I do not obj us "1>." would have your renders lieve, to tho literary, scient i lie. und pl Oultliro of nil who bavo thc mean: obtaining it, bo he /armor's sou or yor's son. Hut how few p.oportioi of our farmers' sons can afford eithci limo or tho means of obtaining culture in our comparu-ivoly expel State University or denominational logos v Are snell to bo debarred of all op tunity of instruction ami improve! in their special calling? Would it be far bettor for tho State, as well a more just to that "large proportio our people," to have au institution tho Mississippi and Michigan Agi ' taral Colleges, whore those limite mean:! and lo timo could go and ol tho special imtruotiou they most at a very moderato expense, and v oven that c m be diminished hy personal industry? At the Mimic College about six young men or an I nvorago could bo educated for what it I costs to educate ono at tho South Caro lina University. J lavo not these six young mon at b ust as much right to con sideration as tho ono who goes to thc University, and arc they not likely to be just us useful to their community and .stab;.-' Why then should South Carolina so compli tely neglect thc half dozen and so ouroiull) provide for tho ono? As for tito "broad culturo" that "?. 80 insists neon in out State; University, I think it more than likely that tho culturo obtained tither In tho Mioihgan or i Missi lippi Colleges would bo quite us broad, moro practical and liboral, and I perhaps less egotistic and supercilious. Tho Michigan CollegO has twenty-live professors and tutors, tho Mississippi twenty two, while our State University bas oniy fifteen or sixtecu in all, includ ing tho litoro ry, classio und law depart monta, Which, then, is best equipped in tim way of *. achers? While agricul tura is tko predominant feature in both] those colleges, tlioy both toaoh a oortain amount of nearly everything, oxci rd law, tuught in our Stato University, quito < nougli, no d mbfc, for "broad culturo," | aiid tor el! pructh id purpose:- us well. Croat stress j? laid by "D." <.n the I r:i lied mcohanical odueatiou that may t b obtained in the Stato University, and 1 ho makes bitter oonipluiut of somo ono < who it scorns ho? domed this. Ile speaks t with triumphant pride, ns did "Dixie'' t ht t' >re him, ot the thirty to forty young t rn- u in t!: work-shop' nilli coat off, busily onguged in carpentering nial other mcohanieal work. Nov.- if training inj! this branoh is so excellent, 1 eau only! commend it, for I insist that, instruction in tho mcohanio arts should bc an im portun! p.o ? ot* ?ny agricultural college, i ? as provided in tho Act of Congress of I, 1802, uud i int the waul of this in tho i .Mississippi College is a serious defect L that ought : . be romcdied, Bul wo ure' i now discussing the que lion of ngricul- ! I titrai uud nol ol mechanical education, M so Iel ur. koop t i the subject 't is alli t very well for the prospective farmer to I study "kinematics' and "mechanical 1 technology," und that very "skilled I < operjti in" of sh trpening ploughs, Sui i 1 insist that there are very many other ' and moro import int things for him to 1 I- ?rp, pia- tically as wollns thoorettcally. ? ' Doest io State University with its singlo professor ot' agriculture, as 1 havoshown, I \ audit ton student d in tho agricultural , dopiulmoul, aa "D." himself admits in j Ins la.-i uitiolo, teach these things i sufficiently, cud to a sutlicioul number? I t Are wc, ?.ii ngricultural State, ns "l)."? | admits, will, so 'dar.te a propra!ion of < oui o. >plo" engaged in funning, content I io lie-,,, only i II yo.ire men nununlly in : II u.i .!.ig for this import mt culling? Ifll ttu n, indeed, wo will have to wait ul t lone; limo tor any porco] tibio improve- ? ( meat in our fulso and uuprotltablo IS methodt )i farming. 1 Hut ' umbi deiir answering "D.'s" ' second nrtielo for the present. oi r.snu: oitsr.m KU. , ' nu-; i KOPS IN im: MA 11:, K<-|i(iils Mini* lo III? l> piu'llllfllit ?I A?rl-I ' cult ore-- A Sll?hl Pulling Ott', ' i Tho State I Inpart men! of Agriculture , hus received 202 ropo il i fr? ai its special i eorreejiondciitH regarding the condition I < ot tho en-lis on Soptember I. These re- i poll i cover every c 'iudy in thc Stute. \ W'KATIIKll, * I \ Sixty-four correspondents ropott that. g thc weather has boon favorablo, und onoi i huudrcd aud sixt? that il hus been un- j t favorabh. i COTTON. ' Tho heavy rains that set in towards I tho cud of July have ouusod somo loss 11 by rust und shedding. Thc caterpillar i mude ils uppe .iii.ee m sovoral counties 1 bul luis doi.u very little damage t-> tho 11 mop, uud th il ccohucd tj ii lew locali- ? ? ties; v.iul; the daiuagO from nil these I I causes has bceu oonsidcrable, thc out? " look is bettor than for several years. I ?->omc apprehension exists of loss by rot, 11 whicii may ita titer decrense tho yield. Tho condition is roport?d iu upper ?j Ca\olii a at .s? per cent., in middlo Caro- [ lina at 00 jar ci nt,, mid in lower Caroli na al 1)2 percent. An avenge, for tho st Ce oi ; :> in reent. Showing a fulling oil*of lo pondi, for tho State since our last ri port. COHN. 'l ie- con; crop i.. generally repo .ed ns the best i vcr produced in the Stato. Tho injury to thc crop by tue i! .ods hus been serious ii: some localities, but it has been much loss than wc: anticipated. Tho condition of tho orop is reported in upper tain lina nt ss per cent., in middlo Carolin.i ut '.'7 per cent., mid lower Carolina at 98 per cont. An aver age for the State of tn per cent. A fall ing off from Iu d repot t of D points. The prospect for a lair crop of rice continues favorablo, The loss to tho crop from floods was confined to the Sut.tco and Savannah Uiver boetions of the Slate. The condition for the orop is reported for upper Carolina nt '.Mi per cent., mid dle Carolina at Od per ..cut., und in lower Carolina nt 05 per cent, ii falling off of 2 ponds since thc lust report. OTIIEH CROPS. Sorghum is reported for upper Caroli na ?t tu per cent , middle Carolina ut DD per cent., und lowor Carolina nt tin per cent Au uvcrngo lor tho Stute of 08 p;-r cont. Sugar oauo tor upper Carolina ut M per cent., middle Carolina ut HT per cn.t., and lower Carolina al t's per cent. An uvi rugo for tho State of 00 per cent. Pease for uppor Carolina nt 100 par cont., middlo Carolina at 101 per cent., and lo.M r Carolina at 04 per cent. An averil for tho Stmo of '.?S per cent. . Throi% I'liyOc lr? Hi? llo^V When il ls the old fashioned blue matt, '?lue pill sort, und insist on using Ur. ('?crees "Pleasant Purgativo Pellets," n modera monica! luxury, being small, sugar coated gru?idos, containing tho activo prlo doles "i certain roots ami nerita, and which w ill ll ? foiled to contain ns milch cathartic pow * t ns any nf llio old fashioned, largai lilla, without tliii latter's violent, drastic of feels. 'I lie pellets operate thoroughly hui lianna-sly, csttihltdiing a p-minnently healthy action of the stomach and bowels, and SS anti bilious remedy aro- untipiidleil Kc sure to road the advertisement on fourth page, headed "Private Boarding. WIK) DKSTHDVKI) C?)Ll:.MI?A.* BOMR NK1V i'Acis UPON A Ml<:t-: nisei ssi:i> <?l USTION. A Stnt< nu'iii from .< Citl/.uii \\ li?, w 'HH l .?<>*?-ni Wlioit tho City \vn? Stu >< i??l?>i-i?tl Moro l.vitl.m .- Agnliist (Sen. Hliorinan. (Kroiu Iho Columbia Itcoordo Tin- following nrliclu was written hy ('apt. JoliU M< Kcnzto tocona <.! : hintenn ni ' published in Tm; lincoln) n fnv umi li ago. ilmt .Mayor Ooodwj n <ii<l im: urn mit r tho city of (Joluiiihiu to tin; Federi . ho added sotno ndUltlouiii racts, bul >? not (bibbed. Afu r Ids death ii was found ; among his papers. '. - a i. and dc j Blructioti of Cohuitbiu lian been brough! vividly io si?" recollection of I lie ?iii.-, io by Hil- buriiin;;, ni ;.. early hour yctterdi \ inorulut?, ol tin' only h " lo y a H du i street north of Hie SUdo piiol hin lu i Sherman's incendiarles, thc publicad . leuuicd opportune. Ilogavelhet motion iud th?! naines of tho coi ind lee (Oil-! .'. Mates, lOsij., is tin- only MI: .:'.:< < ? und then wi ai m v. Ith hin \p . Tho following are some ; u n u .. he surrender mid subseipioni plllugi cd turning of Columbio by ii u ire ? MI r [icu. Slit t imm by one who saw and sn H oi MI hereby: About ll o clock on Hie night 01 ; ho Kith of February, 1 ! arnod Ol tho n Iclpatod surrender of thc city from <." n. [.nw, Provost Marshal. 'I lie ' Ol I rill had .ailed lo his tissisbiDcc Capt. W. li. Sttmley ind Mayor Goodwyn, and lhcs< gout I tm II iad charge of thc peace mid good order of he eily. The homo guard < msisted ol'the. numbera of the fire department over ; rty roars of ago, who were exempt from mill ary duly, these men were eurolie I, servi d I mder olliecrs and were under the ortlt rs ! lie Provost Marshal, Heiiig ou duty In his departne ni, I strolled Into Hie Coiard louse and niel lhere Chief of Police -i' hu binie'.l, who was packing up his eH'eots nxpuiuSory to leaving. We talked nboul he surrender, and ho said it was necessary I or him lo depart I learned also lind ' '< u. \ lean regard had turned over tho cointnand if tho eily to Gen. Wade 11 cm pion. T is vas idi'utt 12 o'clock on Hie nighl ol . i.i . "h. Tin Mayor appointed a committee o net with him In tho mel inclioly duly < I illlcially surrendoriug (he city, anil tho 'ollowing AldormonA i designin od '?.> .. I; lohn Stork, Oriundo X Italos, .btcob ii. .Veli und .lohn McKenzie. Karly in Hu? liori?n'.; i f tho I ?th wa- tie -1 ?nie de- ?gnni i il ; 'or ?li.na., i! v. li WhS a bu \ itu o r ll lu: comniissiuy ilort - were thrown . .. . . io ho citizens, and such carrying out ol :. hope never to seo again itwnswliot nid urry olf the mos' und tho bes?, ll Wi tl leautiful, clear mori lug, mill Hie sm ?i !, ibovo tho horizon, when a loud rep ri . lom tl, cans' i by thu oxplosii II nf a tpiiai-j Ity of powder stored In lim freight depot d tia; South Carolina I tal I road, on (? : ils treel. The depot was la ing rinded hy al nob intent on taking all 'hey could Some if these parties had candles and torches, nu-nf which, it is supposed, was accident illy dropped in the powder and n Uiriildo ixplosi ni was tho eoiiscipionco. Tho mi m ter killed and wounded was never k n i he thrilling ciroiiniBhuiees followini; npidly lifter, put a .sinp i ? lill ooiijYonu . m thal matter, lt WOS decided Hud He al lier wc got ever tho duly of giving up he city in good full h lo Hie cruupi< rei . Hie letter ii wouhl lie for Hie 1 i v t - and property >l" the citizens- believing, ns wc dill th hit a peaceful su iront I-.'ri tig of ibo eily votild insure thal Immunity; bill we ivett orlainly awfully inistakon-we wi ve thc Vorst sohl men who ever undertook nell a job; wo could liol pi >. -inly have hot n vorsted ii forcible possession had betti aken. Karly on that eventful morning I v. nt down lo woko Mayor Goodwyn, and el u med with Ililli to Hie City Hall. In ho Clerk's ellice lie read a short iioic md prepared, in thc wording ol which hore was some repetition, which seune of is thought wns ii ii necessary, idion Alder nan Wells, by advice of ibo Mayor, wrote iitoiher (but very little altered), which Hu day or signed; thc original I have in inj Missession. lt Was then about ? o'clock, md the programme til Ibm linio ?vas, lo go o thc river, lake a boa) und, under ii Hag >t imce, reach Gea. Sherman's hcadtpii :. ors. Previous to stalling, a ?viis though! idvisable to nloCO a white Hag 00 tho Steeple >f the City Hall. While preparing to do io, Gen. Hampton seni orders by a courier young Manning. 1 think,) not lo pul up s Nliite ling ns a token of surrender, as Hie ?ty was not yoi siirrondeied, mid that he lid not know that il would he. So we vu i lcd further orders anxiously. Anothet .ouiier caine abolit lill hour OttCI the ll ' villi orders to wait un'il Un Gem r . w ii a ird from. About D '< I .ck, (. n. Wti le [lampton carno down to where tho Mayor md Aldermen wen- standing, in from j he (.'?ly Hall, ami spoke to Hie Mayor, ? diing him thal a part <>f tin- Kuli,..! arm jj j .ad crossed tho river on iv ni ion . in ila I '.dully of tho upper bridge, and for Hie mr rendering party to go in Hint direction. Ho shook hands with tho Mayor und siid, 'Hood bye and God bless yon." The' mi lillico lind u carriage; in waiting and drove ip Main stied towards tho forks ol Ibo nails, (Upper llritlge and Whillsboro,) a mall whito (lngbeing tarried hy a person tot on thc committee, on Arriving at this mint we discovered thal Gen; Wheeler and t it IT. willi s. ano of his men, occupied (ho mm nt tin- junction of tho roads, Thc ikirmlshers ou bm h sidos wore still tiring at .ach other, nial the halls, c unt- rathol i"" hick for Comfort; wc wen din en d lo pul mr carriage In rear ol .Mrs. /.ninnis house. n a short finie, however, Gen, W heeler I i reefed tho Mayor to proceed down tho .iver road. As that rend hail been barri laded With rails and trees, wc lind to go a lltlo to thu tight, until we passed tho ob ni 'lotions. Having brough! with us from he ok-. ?nly a small sized Hag of truco, it Mis suggested Hint wt: ought to pr? ?euro ll arger ono, win n Mrs. ,'anonl look II sheet min a bed and, rigging it on a pole, A |<|< I nan Hales held it alofi and marched alu d . I Hie hue of Bl il liiishi rs BlrotcllCtl over the ?Ju lo I ice o. Hit! country, ll was not long ie fore we wert halted, und Capt, Pratt, Hu itu. er in command, came np in me can ?a vino Mayor Goodwyn told him that our nu 'pose w us to surrender tin elly to Gell. Sherman, Capt, Pratt Bald thal we would nive to see Col. Stone, who was further low n the road he salt! he would go willi is, and got into the carriage, which was hen driven to where thc regiment wns Irawn up in linc, with colors ming ami bums heating--a grand array. Wo all gol nit, und Mayor Goudw; n bad a bilk With he Colonel, Who told him that (?ni Sher nan would not bo over until 9 or 8 o'clock, [nit he wouhl forward the n ito ago lo him, md thal while the I ity was in lils charge, [terfect order would he maint allied and thal lulvale ponton! and their property should dc held saeroil, and any portion wishing n niarri for Hu ir protection could and wouhl bo furnished with one. We then returned towards tho city, tho Committee in the c u rlago, with thc addition of ( ol. Stone on Lhc box with the, driver, Capt. Pratt inside, two i ?Idii. standing in tho roar covering n. willi the Unite] Suites Hui?, it Ihto -?f ? klnnislu rs in front ami un cither side, Hie baluucc of the regiment in iii*' roar. Wu certainly were w? ll tuleen ciro -ir, bill lltul not proceeded \..' turon on:- journey he roic iii" co.mni iii .li: ' was given, natl "i i-ul lin; un a in ila lino alic.?il reported to (Vi fcttOllU Ilia', Inn,: wllllt lie SHIV, ll nv p of cuvnli'j will udvttuolng, evidently tl Vile; to ..!'l!.i:i!; HQ, ?nd that iuvenil shots lind lasen lind ul end of thc column. Cel. Slow ipt.ii/ I cur tingo dont' mid, ad di ; ., ; i! .\al. .-.t I: ".Mr. Mayor mid .-. . n i , i vs\ '?? h- : lltlS Itlk?ti place w - . .. jiu 1 failli! 11 not, r.ad anything hut ,. . fully, I shall holli you per sona!!*, It'ipoa Ihlo!" }",,- Ol' replie I. th : . j wis d' ai honoi'uhly and in good fi!"iit: '?..ti ?' ile re still wert; a few h hero) . i. mud 1 sohtoof Wlieelor'scavf (ilry', .vhbl; id.? < thc el btcnsn moulded ot trouble. '1 lie Col . i : resumed Iii i ?ila e and Iii . ' ort? .. v. a.-- ilhec'i'd lo move for iv n ni. I dnchiif lo feel sllghth .icldidi alic .". ihi iv doi> ?a' Hu throat. c Wi : ? i?l ; Tli ? pUmt'Liun ?.. .i . .!'.: anti thc Colonels- Clllc'l lol sud .'.?i; ?? again gilvo the coinntniid ' i'o? at !" v !.'. h we did at once, (ni ronchhi ; .11 ititi Urtjol; ?ii'hf. Prufi (who wat ?-?a' :! i "\ lb mc) ntntiiiv I, on seohig the warehouses piled full of cotton, ivhy w e tiki not desire) it, 'F a w. will have l. lt," I..kl; " iv pitiers ure to destiny all the cotton, if ive Ciititti : -' lp i: ritll nf tia country." Thc negroes wore i'i 'uh fore? tu tho streets, praying, gesticulating dion li i .t ml ti. :. suyWri hud como. We proceeded down Main street to Mic C ?y ll ilk wht re 'in: cbminiind waa iiu'tod ?i o bl :< ? t| urthrf. 'I'la: Sherill (Mr. Jes c h. I /. .11 litUuled tho keys bf tho jail to Col. Stone, Tai- was about ll o'clock. Col. ?.. wi ii".I lo piuco a Ila/ on thc St.de House ... ; \.i : . lhere i< f thal nuriMWo; hui ?vt c ???. r - ii i cros.ied 'he river I'nrthta lim i. i.ali ... .v placed one. tin 'hui. build lng, I. ivie i i Hint,willie coining up lindy street in : bUi'gy. t'1"' Vu?kco ollk't.r holdl.igupi 1.1 I Sinn s il?g, he waa fired upon i v '?1' . i ". in i - . mei The trudi ? ' . tiltil ii i. i curt lui ty. The nieces o? husint < '. 1 .; ? ikes ipa! i.o'ie- ivhiiii-1 hey walked ! . ...>!. I. Ai ... M.il . ? bein ; I ?h'csiilei ! nf 1 I:, lepi ndcr : Fit? hu- 1 ? ' ? , . shut ililli store and proceed d to I lui lift!, lin Willi rills I tho ' e.l v. .s on liio-il one | h ?\'..iv bibketi nui m i>iie ..| Mu ceil- nj j ronni-* (I !.i seo- ?a . ii- y 10 me 1 I told ? Capt. Stanley lb sunni s lite colton anti 1 ! A* on ld Work ih<- lire in inc.lal1.: smoko illili Humes were conn .iij ni ol tho cast window. ' h. ivas siii ' tl .' in lire wm se1, hy :i ili?n 1 well known ?e. ( old m hin, nuder arrest for a murder connuiiicd hy hi. i\ il ream o' Wiii.-r M on :> lt ;i si ip Ililli Hiv also. A; luidhroki i. (nt i uiy dort' Ila-: ?uihgtiicii. j ... ; ci allen's several negroes out, telling Iheih I .voUldh'l < lie lol hid hy them. Hy this dine ;uy 1 ( O'clock) M .. rCCt w.-e- p. ekel willi se! t tlicrs ahil neg rut's ; stores vioio being broken J open and ?general tiding waa iii order of J the day. T.iui uririy was then marching . down Main street, on 1!.' way to their sevt nil stations ? : tho afternoon (Hero ' was comparut I'.a quiet, hill ulioul tltisk the n.a.h iv?rk of robbery (Ind Incendiiulsin 1 began : > '. ? thoroughly t?inied out. Al ii o'clock in i he evening, seviniii houses ol I ill fi nie .-. ;.i:vi - ai .. wt i'" llred lind . ' . 10:11 5 iyere ?a*uii!< an?! ac i.>.' luiih: 'Ike deinonH j i t'iaii ineu. Ttl a the Chariiitu? and Sb?fli : . ro?'i?iletf whit ^ and vii||t:ili!c article;}, , ivi given I 1 i'.' Hainen hy iinnllier crow?l , - . soldiers. The buildings on llb Weal -iii?- ?!' .M,!n street, between Washington anti l.adi, Pppesi?e I oe sit? of th. II. a i ?HL*' cct.oii tho, n st w ?re burned; niki then the genera! destruction ao l pillage went on v iiti, ut ii .'..-lia! Interrupts .a for eight tu mut- hour -ti::, balla unit inflammable rn torin I , l various kinds being Creely used A lid Ihi? hi lite face of n vohiiitary pk'tlgi give? hy (leu. NN m. 'I Sherman tn M lyot r. .' (; icdwyh, thal ilie city woiihl he in faithfully guatdutl niid protectoil tis if lr (tiic M ij it) ivo.ro in '-li i-vi' Tlic O?u?i 1! remarked ilutl Iho public properly v.o.rd haye to 11, destroyed, hilt Univ would he donc m a Inter day. TnosH who fajUed to got rid of thoir trad.! dollars Qt par, if lhere are any per sons ?ia? did so fail, have only them selves to blanio. Tho period during wliioh they could bo redcomed WUK quiu long enough and the man nor of redemp tion received wide publicity. Tin: tat-; that only $8,000,000 ivorc presented for redemption, however, loads to tho nol unreasonable oouolneion that n lol toon of those coins .viii ye! bo unearthed from the old stookings au I othor rocoptaelea in which they have been hidden, anti th? ir owners will be denouncing tho gov? eminent for nol taking thom at tueii face value. People who don't read tho papers, howovor, do not deserve ne Sympathy if they lo^c by their negb gonct, and are not likely to gU any ii they present their trade dollars uow. "A little lire is quickly trodden ont Which, being suffered, livers cahoot (pionoh," Procrastination may rob you of timo, bul by Increased dilllgonce you may malo ?lp thu lossj bill if it roi? you of Hfc ih< !.. is im nicdlablo. If your health In dolli ute, your appetite .ickle, your sleep brollen, your mind depressed, your whole being ?it of BOrtS, d?peint on ft you are seriously llacawd, In all such casts Ur. Pierce "Golden Medical Discovery" will speed.ly offect a genuine, tadical cure-make a new uiiin of you and save you from tho torture* of lingering tllseoM). AKHI? Ii NA VIGATION. i \ porlinou t s and Ba pei lances Iii Attaining Very O rent M?I?IIIH. The Oharlotto Chronicle hus just been reading o? tho recent attempt by sumo French aeronauts to reach great heights in their balloons. Tho attempt did not realizo any particular seicntic result. Tho balloon in which the ascent was made roached au altitude of over '20,000 without producing any bad effects up.m tho occupants, except a passing faintness felt by one of them, who, how? over, very quickly recovorod* This ex periment was the mean? ot bringing to light thc almost forgotten fact that when a similar attempt was made twelve years ago, resulting in the attaining of an alti tude of Jo,"<)(> feet, three out of tho lour aeronauts succumbed to the strange at mospheric conditions and eliod before thoy could descend. Perhaps many - thor bold voyagers base gone to a simi . b< ighi and returned safely. Ono .Mr. ? r busher, according to bis own state ment, iv . I an altitude of .'51,000 foot (the highest ever attained by any one), but, becoming partly inconsoious when . a hoighi of about 27,000 feet, aud 0 . g I Ito power to move bis limbs, sank down in tito bottom of his car. His companion was similarly affected, though to a less extent -being able to pull tho cord that o] nod tho escape-valve. 1 noir ascent was ot.laddered a great achievement in aerial navigation. From thc meagre roports niado upon luis subject, it would appear that but few arc dangerously nffeoted boiore pass ing tho lino indicating au altitude of 20,000 teed. Something sooms to depend >u the season in which tho ascension is and upon tho atmospheric condi tions nt tho .start. Above the Himalayas and vue Andes, heights ol about 20,000 [cot hove BOVOral times been attained without any incovouioncc. In those in ttauccs, however, the ascent has always been very gradual. Could n slower rato of ascent bo mado practical, it might bo that tho gr< at heightof niue or ten miles would bo attained in safety -at least without danger to lit?-. Cluvolmul on ?lllxed School ? . Tho editor of the Montgomery, Va., Democrat rec? idly wrote to the President ii quiring ns to tho truth of a report that Vir. Cleveland, while Governor of New . ora, approved a bill authorizing mixed c.hools in that State, Replying to this nquiry, President ('levi land wrote: "Tito only lui! tuat 1 know of being and approved on that subjoot, ivhilo 1 was Govornor, wats one afi'cotiug tho city of New Voi l;, aud had precisely lie contrary cllect that is, tho purpose iud object was to retain the colored C LOI si pal ate and distinct from those .r tito \\hiie:.. Mr, Nelson J, Water m ry, of Sow York city, 1 think, drow lie Poi, and Prof. it..sm, superintendent ; ci '..neil .schools, ami Kev. lJr. Der rick, bod of New York city, advocated i strongly. The sohool board of New i ork eily hud determined to consolidate tin ir schools with tho hit? bohools, and Ibo bill to 1. ; out ot" tie.; cont roi o? thc board, so that it should not bo done, it ivas strongly i'god before mo that .sepa rat schools wore of much moro benefit . i 1 he Colored people thlVU 1. i ;ed schools. ! approved tho bill, and 1 suppose in thc >ity of New York colored schools are . j inratoly maintained to-day by virtue d' its provisions. 1 have thus given you til 1 remember on the .subject of your nquiry. 1 have been much surprised at loaring, before tho receipt of your let er, that ibis matter luis been bo grossly misrepresented." DIvorocs in i tulluna, Indiana is putting on airs over its un proved tm rahtyin divorce matters. Al though about 1,500 divorces aro granted pearly ia tho State, oi an average of ibo ut sixteen to ouch of iLs ninety-two jountios, tho Indianapolis Journal de lares tllttt thc divorce laws of the State? tro not so lax as those of other States lilli Territories, aud in proof of this as icrtion recites tho causes of divorce and ho timi required to gain tl residence in i ru ? of tho States. Indiana bas seven itatntory causes for divorce, and requires .? > years' residence. Ohio bas niuo one ry causes and requires but one four's robid'inoo. Illinois has eight iain os and one year's rosidenco; Michi gan eight OMISOS and ono ye. .; Iowa nix ?ruses and ono year; Wise osin ten . lUSCH una one year; Kama- niue OS USOS nul ono year; Nebraska and Nevada ach seven causes and six months; Mitt lesota six oaiistjs uml one year; and Jolorado eight can. s ami ono yeal1, Of be eleven States included m this sum nary, indiana in thu only one requiring 'rom an applicant for divorce a two .'ears' residence, but as the law enlarg ug the tune from one year to two has lot boon in existence very long, it seems lardly worth while to brag about it. A state of the si/.e of Indiana, that inr ushes legal separation to 1,500 couples mnunlly, must have rathol easy divorce a .vs or be populated by an exceedingly tuhappy h t. ot married couples, Uli-.I in MIT I i.ll.ii. Another eas. of premature burial worthy a being analyzed in thc realistic manner it' Zola has net une I in France. An older y woman who lived In St. Ouon, in lieu* rio, roeonlly fell ill, and, as her trionds thought, died. Tuc funeral took place. kUd tis tho graVC-diggcr was preparing to lOWOl tho collin into the earth no heard i nouns isauiug from inside tho lugubrious ?our Pennis inclosing the presumed corpse, the iiravo-dlggcr, half frightened at tho probable ghost which his imagination con pited up, and partly awed by tho require monts enacted by the law In circumstances Michas thoso In which he found himself placed, h il tho collin In t are ot thc mourn irs and Wi il od w ith his .mitre story to M. lo Maire. That rurul dignitary, having donned his scar I of office and summoned i he village doctor, proceeded to the local 'God's aero." Thc Coffin was then opened, and It was discovered that thc Woman hail just died from fright, having awakened rom a trance to Qnu herself hemned In lie tween thc terrible deal planks. Plano* and Organ?. All of tho best makes. 325 cash and balance November 1, nt ppot cash prices on a Fianoi $10 cash and balance No vember I, at spot caab prioos on au Organ. Delivered, froight froo, nt your neatest depot rateen days test trial md freight both ways if not satisfactory. Write for oiroulare. N. W. THUMP, ? Columbia, t?. O.