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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. THE STATU AND TM. I VHMK1.& WHAT nu: in i'A i::TM UN i ol IGltl < i i.T I KI: IS HOI Nt.. An Interview willi G'oiiu>tlst?lo|iei" nullor Wluil lloKuyH ; IMHO the Iteeenl Altl??Tn Upun iii-? In-pari melita (From I'M' Nowa and Couru v.) COIJUMIUA, January 18. -Colonel A. 1'. lintier has boon tho commissioner ol Agriculture of South Curolinn < vcr si net lii.s department began ?ts work, BOVCU youlB ago? Ile in thoroughly dovotod to it uiul, of couran, know? ?ll its detail* ?ml ninnes all itu aspirations, lit view of the confusion which exists in Iii? pub lio mind as to tho linties, acts ?ml re sources of tho department, ?nil tin criticisms which huvo boen made upen its management, tho Nowa ni ul Cou rici linn un hos Recured un interview with Commissioner Butler, enabling him lo summarize tho situai ion from ins shu I point. The fever o? tho "Tillman move ment" has abated, ?ml thc pcoplo of tin Btato should bo altlo to consider cairn!) atad justly tho valuablo work ol tho do partim nt, and o ive it thc ored i t ? . which it is entitled. Nearly ? \ i ar w :ll > lupsi boforo tho Legislature eau meet Again, ?ml in the meantime tlioro i.-- plenty of time for discussion and no exousu for "snap judgments" on any department of thc .State Government. To tho question, "How Ima tho De partment of Agriculture I?. <...".tlt\ cte 1 l>? the attacks upon it?" Colonel IJutler re plied: "In my opinion thc dopartmcul i> stronger to-day than at any timo since ita establishment in IS71). lt wnsovidcut to tho board and niysclt some tinto be fore tho llrst articles tiguir st Iii dept I inont appeared in thc newspapers thal .ts work was not tully understood by thc pcoplo, but wo wore nt ? loss lo know what more than hud been done could ; , donn properly to show the important duties ot'the department and how (he\ luid been discharged. Wo lind subi titted annual reports ol our work to tho Legis lutine ut every si ssion, and published monthly reports during they., beside* conducting nu oxtonsivi correspondence; hnt wo realized that somotiiing more was necessary to enlist tho enthusiastic sup port* of ?ll tlic farmers iu lins v -i l;. Well, while WO wi ie COllsitlt tin;; thc mattel' un article appeared win h bitter ly assailed tho management of tho do partmont, and in BUCU n mann, i thal ii ?t once attracted tho altcuti >i <>f om pcoplo and turned their oyes upon us. lou will sec that this was*. mt it ly wimi WO wanted, lt was the opp. rt unity that wc desired, ?ml you will rena tuber that I handed you ? reply to the critic:: ... within four hon after th Nows and ('on ?cr containii. tho critic! m reached Columbia. Vom- reader? M fumiliai With the controversy thal followed. On tay part 1 can say t?.;.t it was nd ?ch J without the least personal hit lot ness, because in tho llrst pine, it wu . evict Iv what i wa ted, ?nd, in IbosceOlid piuco, 1 felt that tho result would be a vindica tion of tho department niul mali-- ii stronger with Ibo pt opie, nt il ' nsdoi e." "Why do you think tlint this has been the rosult?" "Wwii you ?di i'uUH'iiihci thal tho first criticism nppearcd durbin, tho sos sion in November and December, 188.3, ?nd while the controversy >?.is at its hoiglit and bitterness tlio members o? the hoard were unanimously reelected ttud I was ro-electcd commission! r. t hc cou trovorsy, therefore, did not lessen Hit oonfidonco of Hie Legislature in Hie management of tho department. Al the sume Rossiou tho economic caucus, as it WAS called, appointed ? conni iltoo to in vestigato tin- department. I h? connu i I tee .submitted ? report which completely refuted all the charges of ext rnvngnuco, mismanagement, AC., Hint hud hoon made. Tho light vin continued alone, in the spring, ?mi among other charges made was that in i- gard to the inaugura tion and condui t ol the phosphate liliga lion, 't he l/armer. Convention met mid appointed a committee to nive tigato thc matter, and tho result Ma. a thorough vindication ol the department by this body of farmers. ?Some people, how ever, wi re not satisfied, and they con tinued the agitation, greatly lethe beuo fit of tho department. J he moro tho) said, the more the pcoplo bccnmo hitor estcd in the work, ami 08 tiley I-cann familial with it, the mon- AUXloils tlu-\ were that it should he sustained, Von will remember also that when the agita* lion bogan in 1885 ? (Senator introduced a hill to abolish the department, lu ton tho tossion was over tho bill WAS killed on the motion of the Si ii.dor who intro duced it, and he has recently declared in thc publie print? I hat li- Would strenu ously oppose any reorganization of the department, 'l here is nov., BO far ii? I um aware, no mun in tin/ .Slate who would ad voca to tho abolition of th? de partment. Tho publie aro familiar with tho efforts made at tho recent session te reorganize the dopnrtmi ni and thc fail ure of the hill. I may ho m.. taken AS to tho cause, hut I think it - failure wa -be to tho foot that tho Honalo was satisfied with the managomi at of tin- department and bcU?Vcd that thc pa-ta;".- Ol thc lull would bo Considered an oudorsomenl ol the charges of lui fficioucy that had bi ? ii made ilffiillr-l the ffTOSOUt board ?nd Ho refused to 008? it." "How do yon explain tho largo voty that this bili received in tho House?" "Kindly enough. With n few ex ceptions, ?ll of the old mombofs of the House who liad bien returned were law yers. Thoy naturally objeotedto lc.ui ing th? light against the lull nial none ot tho new morabors among tho fannor* were familiar with otra work, and, of course, could not oxplain lt-, l or this reason no objections woro mado te the measure in tin- House ?nd tin- hill wi ni through, I might say, by delimit." "is there nuy reid objection to in creasing the momborahip of tin- board ol agriculture?" "Under ordinary circumstances i Would say that there wai not, but 1 con fuss that lluro Appears to bo very lit tl* to be gained by tho change, lt migut inn. .i - tho popularity of tho depart meut, and thut ia, of com M-, di -?ruble, hut on to real work I ?nt tillable to see why five men, with the interests of tim Htnto at heart, could not m.inago this department just as well as ten. How >vor, Hits ia a matter for tho Legislature to consider, and 1 do not eave to say anything that would appear to bo said for tho purpose of inlluenoing tho moin lu rs of that body." "In some sections tho Legislaturo hus hoon oritioiscd for not having 'turned this department over to tho farmers.' What have you to say about thatV" "Utilosa I tim very much mistaken it is now managed by the farmers. Gov ernor Richardson, Colonel Duncan and Colonel Lipscomb have boon farmers all tic i? lives, I holiovo. Ohancollor .John son is one ol' the most extensive and suc cessful farmers in the rich 1*00 Doo seo liuU of tho State, although ho is abo an nble lawyer, and Mr. Perry i.. a mer chant, but I think is also a large land owner. So that you see tho farmers are m it largo majority on the board. I am tin executive officer of tho department, though not a momber of tho board, ami fanning is tho only occupation 1 have ever followed. Taken altogether, then, the department is pretty well under tho control of farmers. There is another mattor that should not be overlooked in this connect iou. Colonel Duncan repre sents the State Agricultural Society and Colonel Lipscomb tho State (?rang?! tho two largest agricultural organizations in tho State and if the fannel are not satisllcd with their management at any tima thoy Cttn easily remove them from the board." "What is tho present condition ofNtho dopurtmontV" "I think it is ono of tho best equipped depurtmonts in tho United stub s, and capable of doing a great w ork for our people. Our fertilizer iuspci tors will -tart out in a few days to coll, cl samples of all tho fertilizers olVored for sale in tho State, and tho laboratory will soon be iii full bl..st.tin ning out thc analyses. The laboratory is under the chargo of a thoroughly competent chemist, and he i ! prepared to do the official work of the department, and lu make analyses of fcrtilizi rs, minerals, ores, marls, waters, .vc., for our people, freo of chargo. Wo havi invited the farmers to sen I us sam ples of tho fertilizers thoy buy, and we will l?e glad "to h ive every farm r iii the Stale remember tba', we want thc invita tion accepted. ..hr. ll. NV. Uavonol, the botanist of tho department, is ono of tho most emi nent scientists Ul tho South. Ile will make his department of great benefit to the farmers during the year. "Dr. Benjamin .Mcinnes, dr., the veterinary surgeon of the department, is il. ling a great deal of good by tlc- exami nation of diseased stock in various parts of the State, and prescribing remedies for the prevention and abatement of i- a1. anion.'; stock. The increased interest in stock raising and thc large ninount invested in blooded stock in South ('andina make it of the highest imp irtunco that every precaution should be taken against the spread of contagi ous diseases, and Dr. Mcinnes will usc avery olt'ort to Um accomplishment of this end. "Mr. Graham, who has boon detailed by toe United States signal M ryico to organize and take charge of tho Stat? weather service, under thc d opart mont, has i nb n d upon his work with enthusi asm, ami. aa you hu ve already published, lui i tablishod about forty stations that now receive the daily weatlu i' indica tions, and in a short while be will have ntutions of observation at ? very county ital in South Carolina, lt is not neces sary for in'-to spi ak of thc many ad vantages winch thc wotlthor service will (ive to all classes ol our people. Its bouollts aro recognized and appreciated Livery whore. "Air. I'.. 11. Rocho, thc special assist ing continues in charge of tho phosphate lopurtmcnt, am', the splendid services he lias air. ady rendered the State in getting tccuruto return .? of rook mined and sc .uring prompt payment of royalty due the Stato is ample guarantee that this important interest Will Hot be neglected. "We are now making arrangements t?> lUlargQ the monthly report, and during da' year it will contain, besides thc usual natter relating to tho work ol tho de partment, regular contributions from lu-chemist, the botanist, tho veterina rian, the signal service observer, blalisli tal statements and other matters of in terest to tIn- farmers. Wo aro daily dis tributing hand-books and othor publica lions to uti parts of the country and ling everything that wo think will hot ter advortiso our resources and advant i,'i M. We now have on lile in thc office ugh ty-six applications for carp, ami it .viii require 1,700 tish t?> supply tho ap plicants. These will be furnished from ?ur ponds ii the number there is Ulllicicnt, and if not we will obtain them from tho Government ponds at Wash ington. "Tho department will make an exhibit ii tho Grange encampment at Spartan Ding next summer, and in every way possible encourage tho formation of igricultiual clubs and organizations. As M mn as practicable after the time pre scribed by law has expired tho board (Viii establish thc two cxpeiinii ntal sta tions provided for by thc Legislature, iud WO expect to have them in active . pi-ration tis far as poSSiblo din ing th? he year, under tho churge of u compe tent director and employees. The board .viii also faithfully carry out the pro? . isions of tho law in regard to tho oolloo ion of information regarding agricul tural Colleges, so as t<> bc prepared to tubmil thc report regarding them at the next sesi?n of tho Legislatur?'. Our I? siro is to make the department of the greatest benefit to tho fanners, ami we ire endeavoring to keep them informed uni interested m its work, in order to ecuro their cordial co-operation." \ Iforribll) 'I rn^i-.ly. Prom a gentleman who lives In thc H. , him:he?)?! ? r Cootorborough, wo loam >f a most torr!bio tragedy which occurred n that section of otu county on .Mond i\ ist. li seems that Mr. .ii.?iah Q?nndcr, A bib- returning from thc r?sidence ufa iclghbor, was waylaid by Mr. (leo. ii Pocks, and literally butchorcd alive. Thc loartrendcrlng cries of Mr. G. wore heard .?.nie e.ilond men who were on their .vav home fruin church and hastened to lils iUutanCC, when tho murderer Ih-d, leaving Iiis bleeding victim writhing lu thc- agonies if ?halli. There has b06Q a long-?tanding fend between thc parties, bul it w u? never thought Hint it would culminate In such ti ! f>...!.. manner. As the parties lie-long to ut old family, wc forliear to nmUo com ment, leaving timi to thc proper author! lies. Al l-isl u' counts, the murderer hail not been caught,- liUho^itHU JCr.torj>ri$e. I'UOSI'KCTJ) ?HKJIITUXINCI on?- Wi-Koi- \". !i<? Tit tu Us timi Tin-re's ?I < .omi Tl mu Comillie for tho Sunlit. (Ptain tho Bout lt rn Cultivator.) ll is woll known to thc Cultivator rendons tlmt tho farmers howl and com plain ol' cotton being only worth iront Heven and n hall to eight mid seven eighth cents; they consider themselves broke ami lui ned al those prices, whoa it is n blessing to them and to the coun try that it is no higher priced. Fifty odd years gives OHO sonic experience about farming und tho vicissitudes that attend it. in my long experience I never saw tho time when cotton sold j higher tor a serie:, of years, but it ended badly for tin; farmers, as it. eneoitruged i them to iuereose thu ana of cotton planting and curtail the area of their provision crops and lead them into speculations und all manner of extrava gances and waste, ami when OYor-pro unction glutted tho market and cotton fell in pri?e, it found tho fanners in debt, which had to bo paid by low priced cotton, On tho contrary, when cotton sold low lora Ber ios ot yours, Die farm ers regulated their allai rs to taut circum stances; it forced them to In come more self-sustaining, hence tiny increased their provision crops, lived more al hollie, raised their own meat and bread, Kept out of spi oubliions, eoouomi/.cd in every depart nient, hence they saved more money at low-priced cotton than they did with high-priced colton. ! have always noticed that debts and account:, were more promptly paid with low priced cotton why ? because when cot ton was high, speculation and extrava gance increased their indebtedness, and win n lo\ -priced were economical ami saving, and every dollar they got till y applied to their debts. This may seem n strange theory, that low-priced cotton bein lits tho fumiers more than high priccd cotton, hut experience lias shown it to be tho case, ami tho reasons are ap parent; when Speculation sets in value becomes llctitious, and iuilatiou goes on until tho hubbit explodes and reaction throws all in chaos and dima\ and a panie is thc result, which brings about general loss and ruin, and riches based on such llctitious and fraudulent values molt into poverty, Lot us go back ll fly years, when everything was milch dean r than it is now "cotice 2 pounds to the | dollar, sugar five and six pounds t<> tho dollar, iron ton cents a pound, axes two dollars and a half each, four-quarter sheeting thirty-seven and a half cents, ami calicoes, American, thirty seven and i a half cents, English Hf ty cents pi r yard, and cotton s liing at eight and lon cent -. Qoing back only to 1870 our factories sold plaids ut nineteen ci nts pi r yard. Last sear, 1880, tlioy sold the same plaid for six and one-fourth couts, it nd Hie present boom, six and tlivcc-foiil'th cents," and with cotton at present prices the advantages an: all m laver of tho consumers. Hut lot the price of cotton ? advance to twelve and lilli - -i Colds, everything else would run up higher in price to lin1 proportion to tho price of cotton, and provision crops curtailed in planting ami cotton planting increased at the expectation of ll ft con cents u pound, would placo tho farmers iii a worn- c-minion than they are to-duy. Low values uro iii favor of the fanners, provided they farmed as they should, by raising their own food supplie-, in abundance fm- man ami beast, and cot ton nt six Cents would pay tb lil well. O'.*." whole sy? I? >-? farming is wrong, hence there is such dopri Bsiou ami bani tilms with tho fanners, ami the error is in planting two much cotton ami two little provisions with most of tho farmers to-day; their cotton crops aro merely ex changed for tin ir food supplie, and lin tier such a system where can any prolit come in for the farmer.' Why nolie, for all ho makes is consumed in provisions to support life; all made above farm consumption should bo a elia" profit, and if we farmed in that way, the low price of cotton would not alice! us, and if high-priced, tho greater thc prolll . keep an eye to your crib-, and b n us and smoke-houses, that they are lilied from your own fields; also keep an t yo to your little truck patches, ami to your gurdon and poultrv house, ami also to your dairy, and when that is done, you will never hear of bani times Oil tl farm thus managed; tho hurd ti tues and gin houses go together; all cotton ami 110 bread and meat is Hit; trouble; clothing of all kinds is cheap, but wllOQ .voil strikt: the grocers and provision dealers, there tho ruinous expens s come in which make farming unprofitable. .Ko. II. |)i;sr. Cave Spring, ( ?a. tunics ol' KXKCI I'l Nil ('III M I NA LS. I lorim-, mut l.liwyt-rs DlnCIIH* 111?' Meiil-. ?ll ll,,- Kopo nuil thc ?. o 11 lol io.. The Society of Medical .Jurisprudence mid State Medicine held its monthly meeting last week, with Amos (i. Hull ns presiding olllcor. There was an uiii mated discussion on tho question? "How Shull the Death Penalty be Indicted/" Tho presiding olllcor said that ho was not so much opposed to the present sys tem of capital punishment as he was to fillowing roprcsoutativos of the press to be present and publish the details of tho executions In tho columns of tho ?laiIv press? lb-was followed by Dr. Brill, who rend a reply to tho cotntnlttco ap pointed by tho 1 legislature to report upon n new system of capital punishment? lb: Considered hanging tho most barbarous and inhuman method of punishment now in existence, Tho guillotine, ho thought, tho best instrument for inflict ing the dentil ponai ty. His opinion wits cononrrcd in by Dis. Quitnbyand J. 0? Peters, who wi ro both opposed h> hang inK The t>thor sido of the question was then discussed by E. H. Doun and NV? ll, Kusscll, representing the legal pro fession, and Dr. Woutis, formerly a sur geon in tho army, representing tho medical profession. They boliovcd that when a person deliberately takes the lifo of another no form of punishment is too severe, and that tho present system should not ho changed. Thc proceedings were closed by Dr. Peters suggesting Hint the opinion of each member of tho society be obtained ?nd sent to tho Leg islaturo. Tiiis was favorably considered. Thoy have a toboggan ?lido at Bis mark, Dakota, whero it is said tint steel sho t toboggans acquire a velocity of throe miles a minuto, lint thoy are used to blizzards out that way and r.-n shuni a stiff current of air. WIIKKK IT IS CO??KST. Tim sour or n KATH nit rm v II A vic IN SII1KKIA. I.li ul. ililli Selieut'/.o Tolls lli>\\ I'votilo lix lui Where thu Tliurinoiimlui* IK I: I vt*? * > OvKrCUM liol??? /.n o--Sibel hui IC \ 11 ?H. Lieutenant W. JI. Sohoutzo of tho navy, who was sent to tin- Lona Doha in Northwestern Siberia b> dolivor to tho nut ives gifts from tho government of tho United States tu repay them for tho nul they rendered him wi his search for tito utilising meuibors of tim J can nullo ?'arty, says in Iiis report that thu towu <>f Voroynusk, Siberia, is the coldest hi? habited .?iud in tho world. Tl io ther mometer stood st Stl below /a ro when ho was there, and ht; says it seldom gOCS above 5u below. 1 asked liim tho other day what thc people d'd who lived nt j this blissful ?pot, what tlioy had to eat and how they liked it. "Wliy," ho replied, ..tiley think it is a plett.v good sort of climate. 'Hollie, ; Sweet li onie,'is the song all the world over, and if tho Voroyanskors si iou ld come here they would wonder what peo ple did where ?t is so infernally hot. they ivoilld smother in this cliiniuo and, niue fora still'nor th wi sicily Arctic gale. ! ll is wonderful the amount Of cold: hunum (tosh can endure. Tho natives of | Tierra del Fuego go stark naked tho year round, and in their country it I free/.ei every night, lt is much colder in tho Lena Pi ita, yet tl io people man-1 ' ago to keep comfortable, und inore dio of smallpox and scurvy than from tho effects of tho intenso cold, l'on seldom j hear of iiny one freezing to death, and then it is those only win? expose them selves imprudently who die in that way. ! More people aro frozen to death in the United Stale.-, than in Siberia.'' ..lint how do tltey manage to keep warm V" "Well, in tlie luvt place tho Yakuts are an enduring race, and uro burn in that climate, i'lieu they dress ?u furs, and have learned from their ancestors or ' from their own experience how lo keep < warm, L'lteir houses are built of logs,!] smeared over on tho outside and inside I with manure and mud. In each cabin < is a largo lircptaco, which is used for ? both heating and conking. 'liiere is I seldom more than one ronni in thoso cabins, and usually the owner's cattle, if . he has auV, occupy one end of tho room i in which he lives, being tied, or pro- ? < vented from trampling on the babies by i ? a har. The houses uro commonly very I comfortable, but are awfully dirty, and M smell there is un word tu describe, it. > c Often, until I got used t.? it, I would ' l ather lie dow n ill the - HOW outs', le, with ? j tho thermometer f>U below /.cm, than j i sleep iu ono of these huts. Hut you've M no idea win.i il mun can stand when lie ? 1 has to." ..Have lliey windows in their houses'.'" , .'Yes; icc windows. They use ice ash WO use glass. A dear pitee is si lectod, ? 1 about live or six inches thick, mortised , ' ?lithe window opening in blocks Uro M feet, and somctinit H as large as four feet I ,s< nuire, and with water is in lido solid. I I The water is as good us putty. When j > tho window becomes dirty they scrape it I od'will ii knife, and when .t has boen 11 scrapi d Hun, they Btlbsl tute a new | 1 pane." 1 .'Doesn't tho window ever melt?" . "Jileas you, no; it is freezing cold that j far fruin the Uro. If tho room ever got, warm enough to molt tho ice tho Yakut ? < couldn't live in it, and would have to gu j j uni linois to Cool ulf. At nigh, tho lirc;t is allowed tu gu out, us they havo to I economizo in fuel. AU thc.\ have is, ? driftwood, gathered on tho banks of tho 1 Li na lover in the summer time.'' | i .How do they sleep'.'' Do tilO^ IIUdrCBS I 1 when they go to l td?" f ..Always. They .-tri)? tu their shirts, I ' whicli uro mildo ol'a thick sort of Uns-I' shill chilli as heavy as OUT canvas. l in men ami women wear thu sume kind of 1 garments, and never have inure than ono j ' at a time. I look up a lot of thick lian- < nel for thom, enough to lust tho rest of I their lives, and it will be ii great deal j j mon: comfortable than the native stillT, although they don't Uko it at tint. When 11 they undress thoy get into I. tinks built M m Hu; side of thc house sometimes a mau, bis wife and all hts children ill the .-ame bunk. They hast: reindeer skins under and ovor them, ami curtains nf thu .?ame hanging before tho bunks. Tho lust mun or woman tn lindross hangs all tlio clothing of the rest outdoors over a polo that is kt pt for tho purpost." ..What is that for?" ..To freeze tho lice. Thoy couldn't live if they didn't do it, and it luis be eline u national custom. Tho hco got into tho fur, and that is the only way to get them out. Hy hanging their clothes over tho (Kilo every night they cnn keep reasonably free from them, but tho fur tills up again the noxt day." "Do they ever bathe?" .'Never in their lives; they haven't any word for bathing in their Lil)guage, anti the impossibility nf keeping clean is uno of tho greatest hardships of Arctic lifo." "What do tiny oat?" "Reindeer meat, beef - they have cows, ipiecrdunking animals, about half us largo as ours, with a hummock un their backs Uko ii camel dish, bread made nf block rye Houri ten, and an im ported food made nf ohopped bool tolled into balla about the size of a marble, and covered with a iluugli. These they pound up and make into Soup. Then them is a wood that is very nutritious when it is ground up ami boiled, Mixed with reindeer meat it makes a gund soup. Thoy often tat their tish raw. i )| cutirse they freeze snlitl 08 soon nfl they arc taken out of tho water, and tho native, particularly if ho is un the road, cuts thom oil' in Shavings, us Hun as our (diipped beef, and cats thom raw. They are palatable, ami I have lived for days at a limo un them, with a cup of tea made over an alcohol lump by way ?if variety. Tho greatest luxury they have is buttor, and they will cat it by the found as our people eat confectionery. \ poor snrt of butter is mndo from the milk of tho nativo cow, thut looks and tastes moro liko cheese, anti they prize it OIKIVO nil other classes of food. "The amount of butter a nativo will eat when he can get it," continued Lieutenant Soheut/.o, is astonishing. A friond of mine in Siberia told mo of a ni' -amii- ?- in 11 "wASUb^Uii ruail wlio ato thirty-six pounds in one day, uud tuon didn't got ul! lu- wanted. They havo a way of pounding np H ml berry and mixing it witli butter, which giv-v> it ?i beautiful pink tint ?md im proves tho davor. Their drink is tho Liussian Vodka, almost pure alcohol, ?uni they will trude their shirts for it. Tho liquor io source and expensive, so tiny arc necessarily n temperate people" "How do tho political exiles live, ?md how many ure in tho country?" " ' great ninny sevi ral in every set tlement. Win n ?ni exiie is sont into tho country tlio Governor ?kt? rmines where lie shall resido, ?uni rc(]uires him to re port his whereabouts ?it frequent inter vals. They I i vu us the natives do, re ceive so much a year from the govern mont for their support, ?md work nt their trades if the\ nave them, ?md if thoy haven't get such joba ns they can. In other provinces tho i xiles work in tho mines. At Voroyunsk I saw ?rn exile, who hud bun u lawyer and judge in lluvia, (loin ear pen ter work, and all the tool he hud was ?in ax. ! look up SOUK: presents lor BOVOrul exiles, who had boon of service to tho Jeaunotto parly, hut had lo obtuin the pormissiqri of tho Cloveruor before I could deliver them. In every scttlenn nt uro local officials, who look ?liter those un fort u-1 mite people." "How eau a man endure the intense Cold when the wind blows?" "lt is, of course, necessary to keep the body protected and as much of tin faee as possible with furs, and even theil it is common to freezo the extremities; hut if a man knows how to take cart) of himself he will not sutler. My lace ?md hands woro froz< II a number ol times, tf ] had ?(one to the lilt- to warm tho skin would have cracked open and given ino much trouble; hui by rubbing tho frozen placo with snow, and getting it thawed out hy friction ?iud gradual boat, I never hud any trouble." i'lim v Dut'llMONO. A I ".ot I r VTHNTS. How Hu- onii .. u ,Miuiii?<-il mu? WIMIIM-K III VI Ml Ililli ( Ililli'. (K,,.M ;?". S.v Voik ilnrnM.j In tho matter of iugeuuity th" Arn i : jun people h ail the world. M< re appli cations for patents aro received and moro patents granted ut tho Patent Ollloo in this city than in any other two <.? c.ntri? s if Kurope. Grout Britain comos next m the hs!, Franco third ?md Germany fourth, lt was not until IStffl thal the L'utont ( Ifllco Wa? organized a a separate JU renn with a commissioner and sui tal ?le assistants for tin prop rdisebm fool loties, lt is rathol ?1 ? ingulur fact that luring that year utily bud application for a putout was Hied. Tho next year bo number increased to Kui. i ! in irenso hos steadily grown until i:i I Still il,707 application v i n Hied. Tim .whole nimber of patents granted since ?-.*.!'. , in round numbers, iliii>,U00. l in- appli cations for patent? aro regarded as a good index of the geueiid bu un -s pros perity of the country. Win ll timi s an lui! invontors realizo that capital is slow lo risk the success of tia ir ex pi rimcnts. 1 >n the oilier hand when molloy is plenti ful it i.- n poor inv< utor \\ 1.0 c linn it lind .onie one who is willing, at least, to pay tllO legal expenses ni Cessa I'.V to l!:, taking out of his patent, lt may bc -aid, i * i passant, il" tlii- theory ol thc patent omeo ofllciaLs bolds good, that tho country was never in ?1 moro pros 1 nerolis condition, inasmuch ?is tho mun ?or of applications for 18815 1 xce< dod by lovoral thousand those of any preceding fear. Moro patents baVO been granted lo Ibo citizens of Now York than to those of my other State. This ?sowing probal?ly 0 her larger population, Upon this lypothesis Pennsylvania takes tho seo uni placa, oud according to tho sane 'cnsoniug Illinois or Ohio should como u-xt. but tho truth is that Massehusi tis mids the third place, with Illinois fourth Uld Ohio llflll. Tuc ch.nai ler of the inplication usually denotes the locality .om which it proceeds. l or example, .pplicutions showing tho inventor to be 1 man of high scientific education m lin y come from Now York, Massachusetts >r Connecticut, tmprovonii nts in cot- ; on and Migar machinery are the work dmott entirely of Southern inventors. The dovolopmont of inventive genius in lie South bas been remarkable dilling hi' past decade. This is ? specially so ; II Georgia ami Texas, the two most progressive Stati s .south of Mason and Dixon's linc. Tho applications from tho South, os recently as 1872, wer. only a; '1 act a iii * >f tho-e Hied from the North. \bout 1875 a change was noted, and the j nerease since then has been relatively 1 is great as that of thc Northern Siati .-. i lie l int i.r .1 Dcnptunilo. Craig TolUvar, tho Worst desperado in Kentucky, was found dead in ? held in Rowan county Wednesday. Ile WAS tho eiuler of tho Tollbar faction, which has tept up a continual warfare with the Martin tact ion 111 the vicinity ol Moro lead for the last two years. The trouble ?egan when John Marlin murdered [''loyd Tollivor at Morehead. C raig I ol ivar heard of t he murder nt bia b mo, md rode twcnty-SOVCll miles in two lours, hoping to avenge the crime. Martin was taken to Winchester foi ale (coping, A h w weeks later two men illuming tO bo gtiardfl presented to the jailor a forged order purporting to come rom a Kowan county magi; trate. Mar ail was turned over to them. On the vny buck to Morehead the train was loarded by four masked nu n, ?md Mar in wostakou from tho guards and riddled tvitli bullets. Tollivar was arrested, but die crime could not bc fastened on him. This started the Tollivar Martin war, and t has continued ever since. A doZOll nen baVO been shot down in cold biol (1 >n either side. Tho State troops bau .ecu camped about Morehead for WOi 1. The Governor and Adjutant Gonoral lavo attempted in vain to resti re peace I'lie killing of Tollivar will probably end die trouble. He was killed by some ol lils enemies. The bolled buzzard that lins been uxiken of in the South for years was mot the other day by .). C. ( lol rington, Tunis county, Texas. Tho bell was well toned, of biyuMk and about two und a half ?nobes across the base. It was hung to tho hird by a copper wire, twisted around Ibo neek. Thew v ic no chaffing, the ukin being protected boin an abundance r>f down. Tho figures 1870 wore scratched un tho narrow Hat top of thu boll. ?fwy* .mw- - i -n--n NO I i.s ni' soi i ii i.us i'KIM;ur.ss. Lowis S. Jones contemplates starting chain works at Wheeling, Wi st Virginia. Thora i talk o? a wiro factory being started at Chattanooga, Tenn. lt is stabil timi u smoking tobacco factory will bo started ut Chase City, Virginia. A company is la ing formed at Calera, Alabama, it is said, to manufacturo w mjilen wa re. A stove foundry IS re [io rt ed tu be built at Decatur, Alabama, soon. At Cul poper, Va., a carriage factory is to bo erected. A rieli gold mine hus been discovered near the Notices Canyon, Uvoldo county, Texas. A St. Louis brm arc making arrange ments for II pipe foundry nt Chattanoo ga, Tenn. A canning factory is about lo bo estab lish? d at Amito, La. A wagon factory is being erected ut I lona laud, Fla., hy J. P. Cr HUI. A stock company will soon bo organ ized at Jacksonville, Fla., t<> manufac ture moss. Near Calera, Ala., slate has been dis COVi ri 'I and will soon be developed. A slock com pan j is to bo organized at Birmingham, Ala., to start a tannery, At Lutcha Springs, Ark., a /.ii. milU has boon developed. A saw and planing mill, also a box factory, have been erected at Van Ihircn, Arkansas. Negotiations aro about being entered into for oreetiug water works at Pine Muff, Ark. lt is probable that a stock company will bo organized at lloauoko, Va., soon to est; blish ll ba ie steel plant. Tho Thompson Brick Company, capi tal stock $20,000, has been organized at birmingham, Ala. Tho Luray Cavo and Hotel Company, I.may, V.\. contemplate spending about $50,000 in . nlargiug their hotol. A $100,000 Block company is being organized nt Birmingham, Ala., to eatab le li a largo carriage and wagon factory. Tho Biloxi Artesian foo Manufacturing Company, capital stock $1-1,000, 1ms been organized at Biloxi, Miss. , The Alabama Marble Company, oapi- i lal stock $100,000, has been organized j at rion m--', Ma., with NV. J. Kcrcaehiiu I as president. i A $100,01)0 stock ci inpauy 1ms been ' organized ut Shelbyvillo, Tenn., to im- ! provo lund nt St. Andrew's J:ay, l ia. A company iii Ix lng formed ni Fort Worth, Texas, to manufacture ir. n und t wooden bridges, with $100,000 capital ' Stock. Tin re is soon to be constructed in the ' Soft COal legions of southwestern Vir- ' gini.i several new coke ovens and now furnaces are to 1)0 built. , At Pilot Point, 'lexus, n stock com pany is about lo bo formed to erect u ( seveiity-llvo barrel roller llour mill. At < !.iins\ill., Fla., n sito for a furni ture and wagon factory has been pur- ] clmsi d ami building's arc soon to bo I ?..reeled. I '! ho largest manufactory of yellow ' pim- i umber is in Lincoln, Miss., und the lumber business in that locality is oil the boom, 1 Last month there wen? 8,000,000 feot ! ol lumber shipped from Jacksonville, j Florida, .More than half of it went abroad, i The foundry at Celera, Ala., i t sup- ] plying the castings for the alcohol char coal plants being erected at Decatur, , Ala., and ( looi'icll, Tenn. < Al Camden, Ala., s. 1). Block pro- 1 poses to oreel a factory for tim manu- I lacs tl re of cotton ropo ami woolen yarn. I At Birmingham, Ala., tho Ldison Licet ric Illuminating Company has been ' incorporated with a capital stock of $70,000. Capital stock to tho amount of $100,- j 000 hus been subscribed to establish un ? axe and tool company nt Birmingham, Alabama. I Tho Fly ton Land Company of Birm ingham., Alu., has declared di vidends of i 185 por cent, of its capital during Dc- ? ce m ber, and I m per cent, during 1880, i am. Hinting to $080,000. I An extensive porcelain factory is now 1 in operation in Now Orleans, La., under ' the supervision of skilled workmen from 1 Hie largo fad.?rie .il France. The work ' is ns linc us any done ab roath A company has tain formed by a number of capitalists of New Orleans, with a capital of $50,000, to establish a laetory for canning beef. Tho factory will bo located in tho parish of St. Bernard, La. At Birmingham, Ala., a company was incorporated, with a capital stock of $'250,000, to manufacturo bridges, bolts, ruts, etc., Works aro soon to be built hieb will givo omplbymout to ono hun* died and fifty hands. The American Fibre Company will Boon be organ i zed in New Orleans, will) a capital stook of $250,000. lt is con templated by this company to establish ll rooe factor , and paper mill in connec tion with tho decorticating machinery. During thc past month arrangements were concluded by capitalists from tho North, with local manufacturers, to creel nt Chattanooga n large drop forging plant, the largest ever erected in tho South, tho cost of whioh will bo $150 000. At Sheffield, Ala., the Sheffield Pipe and Nail Company has been organized, to . roOt large works for the purposo of milking cast ami wrought iron piping, holts und other articles of iron and steel. I in- capital is $100,000. The North Alabama Beni Lstntc, Manufacturing and [mpro\ ing Company will bc incorporated in a short time ut Athens, Ala., with a capital of $1,000,000, V stock company will also be organized to establish a cotton mill, with a Capitol Of $100,000, 08 well as n bank with a capital of from $00,000 to $100,000. The Ol iris tm 08 edition of tho Hcppimr ( ( )rcgon ) ( iuzetto was lust year printed in two colors black nnd wliito-and tho occasional lampblack t pots wore skillfully Been rod by Mic devil getting on too much ink and hiding to sufliciciitly agitate his roller. A TALK ABOUT INDIANS. AN INTKHVIEW WITH COL. AHTIIl'H G lt A not'SKI. Tho linlintiB :iiui their l-'uture-Interesting i acts Coiiecruiiig their Education mut their Progress. Colono] Arthur Qrabouski was in Au gusta yesterday und, tho Ohroniole re porter failing to catch him on tho wing, drove out to tho stately mansion of Mrs. James Card mer. The reporter was ushered into th<- parlors at thc hospitable mansion, but was not allowed to remain there but u few seconds before ho was ushered into the sitting room, whero Colonol Grabouski was .scated before a comfortable Ure. The Colonel has a distinguished as well OS a classical appearance, aud tho cordial greeting extended the Chrouielo representative, when he informed tho Colonel of his mission, immediately stamped him ns a mun ot* excellent judg ment, ile was willing to give the peoplo any information that he might possess that would bo of interest to them. Tho reporter thereupon said: "Colonel, knowing thai you had some troulile in Kansas ami that charges were made against you, will you kindly toll ino about it and also something about the I ndians?" ..Tho diflloulty J had was simply tho objection of the people of Kansas to au outsider taking charge of what they con sider n home institution. Ju addition thereto there is considerable feeling still existing there in regard to tho war. These charges against mo were so con tinual that three- or four times the de rtment sent investigation committees .di of whom were perfectly (satisfied that there was no cruelty, and that everything was managed satisfactorily." "Has the feeling' died out?" "lt was only amongst a tow and has on Uroly died out. As an evidence of wi)ich there was tendered on my leaving a joint banquet with ox-Governor Charles Robinson, given hy at least one hundred und fifty of thc lending citizens, at which banquet 1 received a handsome souvenir. Whilst greatly interested in tho work of educating tho Indians tho duties wero exceedingly onerous, aud having an ap pointment offered in thc Department of tho bureau of Labor* tho distributing if products which would make my held if labor in Georgia, Alabama, Missis sippi and Louisiana I accepted it." l ill. WORK AMOSCI THE INDIAN'S, ' The people would like tokuowsoine lliing of your work anion:;' Hie Indians; ?ill you kindly enlighten them?" ..Haskell Institute isouoof the United States Indian industrial schools, having liming my administration three hundred pupils, one-third of whom were females, ranging in age from 12 to '"0 years, re biding at the institution provided with everything by tho government. Thc object of tho institution is to lot indus trial training go hand in hand with tho Knglish language and the fundamental principles of au education. Among tho trades taught are blacksmithing, carpen tering, shoemaking, farming, tailoring, -.te." "How do they lake to educationV" "They aro intelligent wheu aroused, md they make remarkable progress in the English language They make them selves understood and their shop work is of value in a short timo." "After hoing in tho institution any length of timo do they retain their Iren?-herons nature?" " Their nature is suspicious, not treach erous. After they give confidence and obedience for once it is for good. I do liol recollect a single instance iu which man or woman went back OU u promise given Hie superintendent." "Wind do you consider the main lever in tiie education of thc Indians?" " Undoubtedly tho ollbot of Christiani ty upon thc morals aud lives of there people. This opinion is shared in both try thc President and tho Secvtary of he Interior." "What becomes of these Indians after hushing their education?" "Soin'- of them return to their peoplo md become instructors in what are called igonoy schools, others bocomo govern nont employes at agencies. Tho majori y, however, form what is known as tho a \> Indian 'lenient, t luv are the freight is and small farmers of the agencies, uni are tho om s who are now asking a listributiou of Indian lands in severalty." "Have you ever visited tho Indian igencies?" "I have visited a number of them, mot he chief nu n iu council and went in a nimber of their camps from tent to ?ont." "Having boon among them, what is pour opinion upon tho solution of this roublcsomo problem? ' "Tho middle aged Indian, mau or vornan, will have to pass to their gravo ?nt little imprOVOd, as thoy seem unsus .optiblo of improving. The hope of tho I tnliaii race Hos in thoso under twenty ive years ol age. Instances ure not un iomnion whero older Indians take steps oward civilization in breaking grounds or farms, but these arc exceptions. Ilocognizing this tho Government aire?te ts attention to tho young men and vernon of tin- different tribes, and will indoubtodly solve tho question by tho gradual extinction of the old Indian and Im budding citizenship of the young Indians'" A St. Paul young mau was surprised md shocked tho other day. Ho waa walking behind ii well known lady of hat city \\h< II a ragged little boy asked 'or five cents to buy a loaf of bred with, -?lie gave it to him, Then ho ran away, nit around the block, and soon mot hor igain and told the sume tah?. Then tho voling mao heard her say, "I gave you tho other nickel to bay ft loaf of broad, I now give you live cents in admiration if your gigantic gall." Tho lady moves in "the highest circles of Ht. J'aul sooio ty," and that's tho reason hor remarks surprised tho liwtenor. Sonic unknown incendiary attempted to lire Hie house of Mr. Curry, of Laurens ville, on Sunday night. Happily tho effort i ali il, or a birge part of thc town would lin ve hcen destroyed, ns Mr. Curry's hou?e in of woo I. ami pining it and in the Irame lilt.- nclgid>orho<Kl are many of the same material.