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Y .. * .. ITw 'i,7 dv - " gv 1 M'; 1'RI-WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSI3ORU, S. ( C. AUGUST 18. 1883.,SALSHD14 THE VERDICT -0 F THE PEOPLE. BUY THE BEST! MR. J. 0. BOAa-Dear Sir: I bought the first Davis Machine sold by you over five years ago for my wife who has given it a long and fair trial. I am well pleased with It. It never gives any rouble, and is as good as when first bought. J. W. sor.tog. Winnsboro, S. C., Apri, 1883. Mr. BoAG: You wish to know what I have to say in regard to the Davis Machine bought of ou three years ago. I feel I can't say too much in its favor. madle about 180,00 withit live months, at times running it No fast that the needle would get per feeti hot from friction. I feel contldeni I could not have donle the same work with as much ease and so well with any other machine. No time lost In adjusting attachments. 'Tho lightest running machine I have ever treadled. BrotherJames and Williams' families are as much pleased with their DAvie Machines bought or you. 1 want no better nachine. As I said before, I don't think too much can be said for the Davis Machine. ltespectfully, E.E2N STkvRnsoN, Fairtield County, April, 1888. MR. BOAU : My itn'cline gives me perfect sati faction. I find no fault with It. The attachments a'e so imle. I wish for no better than the Davis Vera lespectfuhly. MRs. It. MII.Na. Fairfield county, Apri', 1883. Mit. BoAO: I bought a i)avis Vertical Feet ewing Machine from you four years ago. I am slighted with It. It never has g.ven me any rouble, and has never been the least out of order. It to as good as when I tirst bought it. I can cheerfully recommend it. ltespectful'y, 11:t- M. J. KIKIx.AND. Monticello, April 30, 1883. This Is to certify that I have been using a Davis Vertic ii Feed Sewing Macltine for over tw , y4Ars, purchased of Mr. J. u. iio-ig. I haven't found I t pssessed of any fault-all the attachments are so sun ple. It neverrefuses to worn, and is certainly the lghtest running in the market. I consider it a first class machine. Very respectfully, MINNIE . WnI.1.INOU AM. Oakland, Fairfield county. 8. C. MAI Boa : I ani welt pleasct in every parttaut with the Davis Machine uought of you. I think a first-class mactine in every respect. You knew you sold several tachines of the same make to ditierent members of our families, all of whom, as far as I know, are well pleased with then:. Respectfully, Mute. M. li. Mout.Y. Fairtleld county, April, 1883. 'I'his '.sto.ee'tty'we !have tn. tm nsn'ut nas the Dtvt.s Machine bought of you about Inree years ago. As we take in work, and have made the p- ice of it several tlines over, we don't. want any better machine. It is always ready totdo any kind of work we have to do. No puckering or skipping stitches. We can only say we are well p:eased an wish no better machine, CATIiEtINE WYLIE AND SIst. April 25, 183. I have no fault to find with my macl ne, and don't want any better. I have mtile the price of it several times by taking in sewing. It is always ready to do its work. I tIhink it a first-cltss ma chine. I feel I can't say too much for the D.ivis Vertical Feed Machine. Nus. THoM as SMITII. Fairfield county, April, 1883. AR. d. 0. IioA--Dear Sir: it gives Inc mach pleasue to testily to the merits of tho )avis Ver tical Feed Sewing Machine. The iachine I got of you about live years ago. has been almost la con. stant use ever since that time. I eaunot see that it Is worn any, and has not coat me one cent for repairs since we have had it.. Am well pleased and don't wish for any better. Yours truly, hosT. Cit wFtonD, Sranite Quarry, near Winnsboro .9. C. We have used the Davis Vertical Feedi Sewinig Machine for tihe last five years. WVe would not nave any oilier make at atny price. Trhe maclIttne has given us unboundeli satlsfatction. Very reapect fully, Mas. W. K. 'ITUaNERt AND DAUonTErs) Fairfield coutnty, 8. 0., Jan. 21, 1883. Having biought a Davis Vertical Feed Seiving Machine from Mr. J1. 0. Bloag some three years ago, and it having given me perfect satisfaction in every resipect as a family machine, both for hea -y andt 1lighlt sowing, andi never needed the least re pair in aniy way, I can onteerfully recommend It to ay one as a first-class machin.- in every partictu lar, anti think it second to none. It is one or the simplest machines madet my childtren use it with all ease. Thie attachments are more easily ad justed and it does a greater range of work by means of its Vertical Fead than any other ma 'chine I have ever seen or used. MnM. TuoMAs OwINos. Winnsboro, Fairfild county, S. 1'. We have had one of the DavIs Machilaes about -tour yearustand have always found it ready to do alt kinds of work we have had1 occasion to do. Can't see that the machine is worn any, and works as well as when new. MRs. WV. J. CnAwFonD, Jackson's Creek, Fairfild couinty, 8.'C. My wife is highly pleased with tile Davis Ma chine bought, of yon. Site wouild not take dout>le wnat she gave for it. The machine has unot be en out of order since she had it, and she can do 'any kind of work on it. Very Rtespectfully, JAs. F. FaEE. Monticello, F'alrfld county, 8. C. The Davis hewing Mach ine Is simply a fr.eas wre Mts. J. A. GooDwYN. Rtidgeway, N. C., Jan. 10, 1a33. ,, O BOAG, Esq., Agent-Dear Sir : My- wife has been tuslig a Davis Sewing Machine constant ly for tihe past, four years, and it has never needled any repairs an aworks just as well as when firsat bought. She says It wil do a greater ranige of practi.al work Pnd do it easier alnd bet'r luan any machiinu she ns ever used. We chteerfully recomimentd it as a No. 1 family machine, Your tru.y, JAs. Q. DlAvis. Wlnnsboro, 8. 0., Jan. 3, 1883. Mil. BoAo : I have always found my D)avis Ma ehine ready do all kinds of to work I have had oc casion to do. I cannot see that thin machine is worn a particle and it works as wedl as when new. Itespectful ly, MRs. Rt. C. GioODINo. * Winnaboro, .5. C., AprIl, 1883, Ma. BOAG: My wife has been constantly timing the Davis Machine bought, of .s on about 'ive year. *ago. I have never regretied buying it, as itt alway* ready for any in d of fain i sewing, ether i'ea or light. It le never out of xis or needing Very respectint , Fair*eld, 8. 0., March, 1883. SUATTER SEEDS OF KINDNESS. There was never a golden sunbeam That fell on a desolate place, But left some trace of its presence That time could never efface. Not a song of Ineffable sweetness That ravished the Listening ear, hen slumbered in silence forgotten For many and many a year But a word or a tone might awaken Its magical power anew, Long after the sweet-voiced singer Had faded from earthly view. Not a heart that was ever so weary, Or tainted with sin and despair, But a word of tender compassion Might find an abiding-place there. Yet countless thousands are yearning For sympathy, kindness and love, And souls are groping in darkness Without one gleam from above. There was never a sunbeam wasted, Nor a song that was sung in vain. nd souls that scorn lost in the shadows A Saviour's love may reclaim. Then scatter the sunbeams of kindness, Though your deeds may never be known. The harvest will ripen in glory If the seed be faithfully sown: And life will close with a blessing, And fade into endless (lay, Like the golden hues of the sunbeam That fade in the twilight gray. His YOUNG WIFE. "Well, Aunt Antonia. what do you think of her?" Mr. Wayland had just come home from business, and met his aunt It, the snug little drawing-room, whore thre red plush curtains hung in such vivid folds, and the fire glowed in the twi light like a crimson jewel. Somewhere in the room there was a paphne-tree in full blossom. You could smell its subtle sweetness, even though you could not detect its whereabouts by means of the eye ; and a bright plumed bird whistled softly in the half light, as if it were soliloquizing to it self. Rufus Wayland had not seen the old aunt who had brought him up for a year-a year which, to him, had been full of eventful interest, for within its bright cycle of months he had wooed and won the wife who was to him the sweetest creature in all the world. And now, that Aunt Antonia had returned from the South, he had looked forward to her visit with a sense of happy exultation. "She will take a mother's place to my motherless Zoe," he thought; "and she cannot help admiring the (tear little thing.' A nd so he had hurried home from his business upon this particular even ing, to feast his ears on Aunt Antonia's tribute of delight and homage to Zoo's charms. Aunt Autcnia was a tall, rather stiff, elderly lady in black silk with compact little bunches of gray curls on either side of her face, gold spectacles, and a mouth which seemed to screw itself to gether, instead of closing like other people s lips. She allowed herself to be kissed af fectionately by her nephew, and then straightened out her cap-ribbons with a sigh. "I think, Rufus,'' said sire, sepulchl rally, "that you have married a child!'' "Well, she is young," admitted the husband, laughing.. "Bit she is such a darling!'' "She can't be twenty," said Aunt Antonia. "Just eighteen," said 1tufus. "And so uninformed!" added the old lady, who had a way of heaving up deep sighs from the lower regions of her lungs at the end of every sentence, which was, to say the least of it, de pressing. "You mean-'' "'No system!" said Aunt Antonia. "No defInite aim in life I No logic I" "But,'' pleaded Rufus Wayland, "what (lees she want of system, arnd logic, arid all that sort of thing?" "Sitting on the rug reading fairy tales," sid Aunt Anitonria, "like a baby I And then confessing out arnd out, to me, without so much as a blush of shrame, that she has never read Mil= tori's 'Paradise Regained,' and( is qluite ignorant of Shakespeare! Any teni-year 01(1 child ought to be ashamed to own such flagrant ignorance I Arid wvhen 1 asked her about the aid societies and charitable cl ub ini the neighborh ood, she couldn't give me a single item of in formation, but kissedl me, and wanted me to eat chocolate-creams out of a l)ink-stini box!'' Mr. Wayland laughed. "That is just like Zoo," he saidl. And the next instant, Zoo herself camne into the room-a beatitif ul young creature, with golden hair, bond care lessly wvith blue fIlets of ribbon, (in a way which Aunt Antonia secretly pro nounced "crazy fashion,'') a paie-blue Bilk dress and tIre p)rettiest of high heeled French slippers. "Tea is ready, Rufus," she said; "and we've made a real Miaryland syll abub for Aunt Antenma." Could there be anything p)rettler or more lovable-thre young hrusband asked himself-than this gold-trossed fairy whno flitted about tire room, seeming to create a sweet hrome atmosphere where ever she went-this dimpled little play thing who knelt on I lie rtug, p)layinig with tihe cat, arid never attemptedl to fellow tire thread of the' conrversation. while Aunt Arntonia and her nep)hew discussed the Concord schiool of P'hilo sohy and criticised tire last volume of essays and tire latest poem? "Because, you know, I'm riot liter ary," confessed Zoo, as sire drewv a rose bud about tire carpet to attract tIre air tics of pussy, and( laughed a peal of sweet, girlish laughter, wvhren tire rose= bird was cap)tured at last. But Mr. Wayhanud was a little graver than usual that eveninig, after Aunrt Antornia arid her carndle had disappeared, wvithr a majesty niot unworthy of Lady Macbeth, into hrer own apartment, which Zoo had fillied with flowers, old china, Turkey rugs and all manner of pretty trifles. Was Aoo really fr,volous? or was it that Aunt Anitonia's higher plane of life dwarfed her narrow circle of existence? "Zoo," said lie, "you must have a. great deal of time?" "Oh, plenty I" said the bride, innA cently. "Don'tyouthinkyoucouldgothrroug~h a course of reading, which my aunt will mark out for you? Every lady reads nowadays." t "But I read, too," said Zoo, with T wide open blue eyes. "Solid literature, I mean," corrected I her husband. "The English classics- e all that sort of thing." Zoo dropped her head. t "I--,suppose so," said she, slowly. "Of course, I know that you are a 1 dear little housekeeper," went on Rufus; i "but my aunt reminds me that we d ought not to confine our sympathies a within the narrow range of our own daily existence." "I don' .mnderstand," said Zoe, faintly. "Aunt Antonia will explain," said Rufus. "There are always clubs to - join, mutual imnprovement societies to organize charitable associations to form. And when you have once tasted n the pleasures of these improving occu- b pations-" "Oh, yes, I know!" said Zoo.. "And b I will try my best to do as you wish, Rufus." d But there was the shadow of new gravity on that infantine face, a pen- v sive intonation of the voice, which Rufus Wayland had never heard before. Aunt Antonia went to the book store, n and ordered home huge editions of the classics. She began a daily course of m reading with her nephew's wife; she i initiated her into the mysteries of clubs, societies, symposiums, until the day became all too short for her engage muents.n "Your wife is improving." she said, to Rufus, I really think she is awakent 1 ing to a sense of the responsibility of a woman in the nineteenth century at rE last." 0 And Rufus kissed the peach-like, dimpled cheek, and congratulated Zoe on her mental advance. But somehow the home was not so sweet anid cozy. An impalpable some thing was missing-the influence which b had followed Zoo's light footsteps all I through the rooms, the glass of flowers s here, the looped curtains there, the r sheets of music on the piano, the bird cage hung in the sunshine, the delicate il dish prepared by Zoe's own fingers, the ai whipped cream, the lucent jolly, the to carefully cut-up fruits-all the pretty t quaint devices which had descended to o this young housekeeper through a long e line of Maryland ancestors. 01 They had been very pleasant. Rufus h' Wayland had enjoyed them ats we enjoy ai the sweet air and sunshine, without W pausing to think whence they Cane; of and lie missed them now. P, "But, all of a sudden, the delicate tl little flower drooped, as a blue-boll I)J droops after a sharp September frost." to "I an not sick," said.Zoe; "ob, nol . Butrl feel as if there wasn't aiy l.ore strength left in me. I think I won't n: get up to-day; I'll lie in bed and rest. W No, no; don't send for a doctor! I don't m need medicine-I only need rest.'' J Aunt Antonia stared. herself strong e] as an iron machine, it had never occur- " red to her that all natures were not cast fr in the same enduring mould. But the B old family doctor looked grave, and 1J shook his gray head. it "She has overdone herself," lie said; cc "the results may be serious. Put away ou her books; don't so. much as speak to h< her about classics or societies." ra And Aunt Antonia had never, in in the course of her whole life, felt such a al pang as when the doctor whispered his th impression that little Zoo must, proba- b] bly, drift away from them into the 1I great unknown world, as the autumn (1< crept on. th "But there is nothing the matter '' with her!" Pllealled she, with a mist gathering over the oval of her glasses. in "That is p)recisely the sort of case tc that we physicians find most didficult ,e to dleal with," saidl Doctor D)ean, at And one day Zoo putt her soft, trans- e3 p)arent little hand out upon that of her m husband. "I am not asleep),"said sheo. "Don't ( keep so quiet. But sometimes my sp)eech and mind sent to float away from me, and so I had perhaps better tell you now howv sorry I am that I have beeni such a disappointment to you." A "A disappointment! Zoe, my treas- fa uire!" criedl out Rufus. 1 "1I never could have been a niceolady b like Aunt Antontia " wvhispered Zoe~ ;' I"It wasn't in me. 'They were killing p m te-those dreadful clubs, and the long, long pages of blank verse, and the tire- g seine plays of Shakespeare, which I never understood. Tiell her it wvas very" kind of her to try and remodel me for. your sake, dear; bt it niever could have i, been done. Bitt I loved you, dlarling- hb elh, so well! If I had been Sir Isaac Newton himself, I couldn't have loved " you any better. Always remember a' that, won't yeou; dear ? And now I'll (j try to 81001) a little." Aunt Anitonia looked blankly at her a' nephew, as the soft lids drooped over ' the big, blue eyes. a "We have made a mistake!" she " whispered. I "Yes," said Rufus Wayland, hoarse ly, "we have made a mistake; and if it hats lost me my little Zoo, [ shall never forgive myself!" And Aunt Antoia felt like a crimi nal. h e Bitt Zoo did( not die. With tender a nursing and cotnstuant care, site re t covered; and when she was wvell enough "' to travel, iRufus Wayland took her to W the bright Azores. sI " Hang Milton and Shakespeare I" L said lhe. "Confusion seize all these u Mental Improvement Associations and i Intellectual Saturnalias I Put 'em all tl together, I don't value them half as it much as one golden hair of Zoo's (lear Lb little head .You can't make a stately o Ibis out of a humming-bird, amid I love C my dear little wife just as site is, for .Ih what she Is ! "u " You're quite sure you wouldn't at have me any diffeient'? " said Zoe, art- r lessly. " My dear," said the young husband, "If you wvere like Aunt Antonia-who, thank fortune, lia gone with a Socializ- hi lng Society somewhere up to the North O* Pole-I should commit suicide." And Zoo laughed the old, sweet ai laugh, and was happy once again. T Grief hiallows hearts, even while It ages heads. The Bourto of MRthemwtleg. Algebra is an Arablo word, denoting ie science of combining the separated. 'he Moslems in Cairo zealously culti ated it, and after they came to know uolid they became .great mathemati tans on the basis of 'the Writings of laudius Ptolemasus, and also great as -onomers and geographers. In this rovince, too, tiey o*e to the ancient 1gyptians more than has hitherto been oknowledged. It is by no me'ans acci ental that the greatest mathematicians f Hellenic antiquity were styled pupils f the E fyptians, or that it was said of iem that they had lived on the Nile. 'hales (600 B. O.) is reported to have easured the height of tamIds by ieir shadow. Pythai e long i Egypt, and studied.,+LartIoularly at [eliopolis. He is said to have been iaster of the Egyptian language, and nuphis and Bonchis a're mentioned as is princip:tl teachers. In the same city f scholars was trained, under Noktaul os I., Eudemos of Kuidos, (857,) who Iscovered among other hings, that a yramid was the third p :rt of a prism hose base and Rides were equal. It is eli known that Euclid wrote his "Ele onts" in A'exaudria, under the first toleny (Soter.) The great Eratosthe ?s, who was the first to menasure a eridian of the earth, owed hi-s success t doing so to the previ 'us investiga ons made in that departuient by the gyptians, who were already able to ve with tolerable accuracy the distance a straight line from Alexandria to yana. In all this there is nothing that new to mathematicians, but few of tern have any acquaintance with the cords that make known to us the sMate mathematical science among the gyptians in the begittiig of the cond millenium B. C. The Ihind pa yrus, preserved in the British museu, ay be termed a hand-book of ancient gyptian mathematics. It was written y a certain Aahmeau, under one ot the at lykso kings, and shows that the lence of ancient times continued to cist even under the listed conquerors. he Heidelberg Egyptologist Fisenlohr is published this reunarkable codex id a translation of it, with the assis ,nee of Kantor, the well known authori < n the history of mathematics. Some the mistaken renderings of these holars-easily excuable on account the great difficulty of the matter ve been pointed out in a most acute id stimulating paper by L. H. Rhodet, kich we recommend to the attention all mathematicians. The Ruind pa 'rus establishes the remarkable fact at certain processes of reckoning used r the writer of that very ancient doe nent are identical with processes und among the 4, through em, among the .: he weitern athematicians of the middle ages, to hom the writings of the Arabs wore ado known, for the mast part, by swish scholars. When we fiind, for :ample, the arithmetical process of falee stating" to have been practiced om the time of Aahmesu (about 1700 0.) down to the six.tenth century A. ., that seems remarkable enough; but is more astonishing still to find that rtain examples of progression which :tort a smile from us on accountof the iterogeneous character of their ar ugement, are contained in the writ gs of Fibonacci (Leonardo von Pisa) )out the year 1200 A. D., in exactly e same form in which they are given r Aahmesu. This fact, discovered by hodet, is so remarkable, so easily un irstood, and so striking to the eye, at it will interest even the lay mind. lt Egyptian example is stated thus: ribes, 7; cats. 49; mice, 843; mecas es of corn, 2,041; bushels, 16,837 tal, 19,607. That is, there are 7 ribes, and every e ihe has 7 c its ('19) id. each cat catches 7 mice (313); and 'ery mouse in a given time oats 7 easures of corn (2,401); and every easure wnen sown produces 7 bushels 6 807). Howv much Is the whole? 19, '7. ii. iH. Cominencing Thu ire<lay, $1ho 5th I iinstaint, id conItiumg ont Thiiursay onily initll riher niotico, t his most duleliihlfi of all 0o 0one-day excursionis will hbe c(ionnocdi 9' the Ponnsylvaniai l. lt. by rail go Jlor 'y Ciify, andm thpec via lho, titvoito (NmIor, "It1icard 01 oo,"' to Wost slnt. and( New'lt brgh. Th~ -i: han les of Ihle '(Nil I r,voh-r~s as , ttial 1o any1 ini the wor di, i by s io sahll to) exceas. Itho wori l-li. 01n4 Xceneryi3 of t he Ithinei. C~ermain,ly there~ ni ii. Orkgs toiu cmp.Nr w,itit.~ m in of0110 (3pean bomf'n ortabily takeni holtween ear:y (Nakthist ami Iaie supar. A spe.cial t rain to connc wo.~ithI t.he boat llea. ioad Str'e.4 Stailon at 7.00 A. ,on Thlursday only, to suop at l'aw<-l'on Vennei, Eidge aivoneis, Germ lintoawn duneli onl, Fr'aak lord Juneiion ,i, Torresdalo, lti ii, and Trenton. Connetion,, will bse mnads renitons by thei tralin which lesavess foot Marke.t strest at 6.20 A. M., which traini ops5 reguilarly at a I pinhcIp)al stations hou veent Camndeni and~ l'rontoen. Thme hares for to Entire round trip) is only $2.50; children ,tween the ages of five al twelve, half 31ce. A Peular Vicar. The Vicar' of Chairt-Sutton, England, L out the churchyardl as' a shieep pat ~e, thien refused to allow a parishioner beautify his farfily lot uniless lhe onld first pay a fee of aboeut $8, andh hen this hiad been paid and nine rubs hIad been set out, he demnanded olir removal oin the gr'ound that they ore injurious to the sheep. Not long ter'ward the shrubs disappel)ared but e vicar doenied all knowledge oe the, atter until his wvardten confessed that cy were removed by' the direct order the cler'gyiman. Th le Archbishop of mnterbury was appea)Oled to, but re-. sdtinterfero, as the churchyar'd as the vicar's fr'eehiold and hie had ~ted within his legal rigith. The sum alized for thme sheep pasture wasi ab)out for the season. 'The United States Fish Commission as this year distributed throughout 5ery State and Territory in the Union 1,000,000 whIte fish, 80,000,000 shuad, d 10,000 000 of the salrnonidto species. he commlasion has also distributed 12, 0 German carp. --Montgomery Bilair has a sp)inatl af ction. Trade inI Rubbor. A dealer in Rubber recently said ] don't believe there is another trade i the world that is so full of Interest t( the general student as the rubber trade, " It is a study fron beginning to end The land bordering the Amazon pro duces the controlling amount of rubbeir in the world. Para is the principa market for the rich plantations along this queen of rivers. A thousand niloe of territory contribute to its markets From Manaos to Para the vegetation h of the rakest character. It is here that the Siphonia clastica, or rubber tree, at tains its best growth. Vegetation is s( rank that it is almost impossible tc force one's way through the tangle( mass of vines and stens without a vig orous use of the hatchet or knife. Thi rubber tree attains a height of forty o fifty feet, anp is as straight as an arrow. Its rich dark foliage and reddish brown trunk give it a very picturesque appear ance. The rubber producing season lasts from May to Septemnber. 'lhe people who gather it are of the lowest order of huian beings. They live in the most prilitive ua nner, and are ex posed to the extremes of weather at all times. They are a short-lived race. Their way of living is removed only a single step from that of beasts. As in all the lower orders of htunanh beings, the unale tyrannizes over the female and compels her to do the hnost nienial work. She gathers the rubber while lie lies inl his hammock ald smokes or sleeps ofl the effects of the white 1men's drink. Tle privations that are endur ed during the gathering season are of such a nature that none but natives could undergo theta and live. The lo wlanlds w IIe(re the trees flourish best are inhabited by veno)mous reltiles and and insects, and the atuiosphere is loaded witlh poisonouls vapors. "'The Indian pushes his boat through the overhanging foliage to the river's bank, clears a sinall spot ol which to swing his hamlmock, and is soon ready for buisiness. lie then euts paths ihirough t,he tulerbuish to tel or twelve tires in the iluitediate vieility. lincis ions are inade in the trunks of the trees w ith a hatchet. ar" sharp knife. Beneath these incisions small tin or earthen cups are fasteued by mhean s of soft clay. By the time he has completed this work the cups upon the first tree are filled with a white sap resembling cow's iukil. The indian enlpties the cups iito a large gourd which lie carries to the spot where his hantnock is swung. A sinall fire is burning near by. le throws a handful of nuts fronm the palh tree upon the glowing coals and places over themi a bottomubess tunnel shaped earthen vessel. Taking a pad die-shaped inhstrunent he dips it in the white imilk and holds its in the dense black smoke which pours out of the mouth of the vessel. With each drying a thti layer of rubber is orned. The process is continued until the paddle has two or three inches of rubber_upon it, weighing from ten to fifteen pounds. This is then cut oil with the nmatcheto --a knife ised by the natives-aud al ter a few days' drying im the sunt is ready for market. The inesses of rub ber made inl this way are called ' bis cuits.' While the process of drying is going oil the iiilk which hats been spill ed oi the ground coagulates into a soft sour substance. This is gathered and pressed into it rould ball and sent to inarket under the name of ' negro heads.' The comluercial value of ' bis cuit, ' ranges from 50 to 60 cents per pound, and 'negro heads' from 30 to 40 cents per pound. The general law of su1ply and(1 denmnd rendrs these prices subject to a wide variationl. "VWhen ruibber' is first inadeo it is wet and soggy, sc, that after it is panked in bales aind shipped to this country or Europe it umndeirgoes a graduial shrink uig p)rocess: An average est,imate of the slhinkinlg of rubber froml the timie it heaves P.ara lum,il it, is receIved and worked np by thme mnanlufactulres is from 23 to 25 per centt. Th'lis fact muist be takenm into conisiderat ion whlen inakinig piurchiases. "On arrivinig at the factory, the bis cutits are p)laced in a large val, of hot water amid allowed to soften. They are then ruin through Ipowerfl grinders made of corrulgaLted iron amid rolled into sheets. A fter drying thme sheets are lmnufact,iredh into bools, shloes anId other art,icles. "Although thle wvhole tormid belt pro d uces rubber, its (qua~lity aluil comuposi ion vary im differeint, cotno ries. Next to the Ama'.oni district, Central Ani ca productes the best anId largest qunt,i ty of rumobher. A frica and1( the island( of Madagascar stand( netxt In order* ])is tinict grades of' thme commiioni varieties are produed in the Dast Indies anid the coun ltry near (ilcuitta. Some p'eo p)le have an idea that rubber anid gutta percha are the .samie, but, they are not, although tile fatter comles from a tree munch reseimibing tue rubber free. Gut taL-lerchla has imore duttrabilIity but less elasticity thani the former substance. When brought to the counitry it has thec appearancue of wood or pieces of cark. Owving to its restricted uses, gutta-per cha (lees not, find a ready mariket,. I t use is chiefly confhmed to c'.eiital puirpos. OS andit the inianufactulre or telegraiph wires." "la rubber ever aidutlterated ? "' "Yes. there are sev'eral substances tised as adulterants in the inmufact mmre of the chewaper grades of' goods. Tfe umost important, of these is whlitin1g. Lately a substitute for rumbber' flas been1 imade from cotton-seed oil, but It hias nmot e"ome inito genieral use. Old rubbei boot., and shoes are also utilized. Thmey are ground up anmd devulcanized and then miixed wit,h thme cheaperOI grad(es of Africani rubber. Fomemrly all rub hbe, detsignmed for the Unaited States ma:rket hand to be shipped t,o Enmgland anid them. reshipped to this country simpilly be cause we had no line of steamers run ning between New York anid Brazil, This remained a serious drawback t< the development of the trade unti) about a year ago, when th e United States and Brazil Steamship GCcompany was established. Th'le cable communi cations are now very good. Dlspatchem are received and sent each day between merchants here and along the Amazon. The expense of this Itern alone often reaches $50 for a single day. Take it. all in all, there never has boon a time when rubber could be handled so exped itionsly as now, The speculators who have been working up the present cor ner in the market have learned ore this that manufacturers hero are not so easily iiposed upon as they tbought. The bottom must fall out of the high prices soon and the market will return to its normal condition. At present the rubber men are enjoying a well-earn ed holidays. ;ome have gone to the Bermudas, some to Florida, and others to Texas. Early summer will find them all back at their posts ready for busliess." (lottiag Winter Furs letuy. Maiifactutrers of fur garments are making il) sacques, lolnlanls, muffs, tippets, and other articles for the fall and winter trade, which begins in An gust and lasts until February. There are not half a dozen houses making any quantity in New York. The head of one of the largest houses in the trade said that only froln 6,000 to 8,000 seal skin sacques a year were made in New York, and the number for the whole country was from 12,000 to 1-",O0U. lhere is an aimple supply of scaiskii and all other skins as well, this year. so sealskin sacques will not be higher in price than usual in the fall. They Will be worth from $125 to $2'>0, accord ing to the style and quality. A sacque caunot, be turned out. of a shop in less than two days and an endless amount, of work is piut on it in that time. Ono who sees the hack of the skin is apt to ttiuk the body is all made up of little pieces. That is not the case, although the skinls often have to be patched to make them the required size. The slits alt where iinperfectiotns are ut out of the skinl, and frequently they are made to lengthen omit the skin wile decreas ing the widtb. All this requires great dexterity. The skin has to be cut, in such a way that the fur will join nicely when sewed together, and not show the existence of the sean. The workmen ply their knives rapidly, antd when they get through, the skini looks 1iore like a lot of holes tuau auy thuig else. Skilled wonen sew up the shts, the skin is saturated amid nailed on a b0ard and then cut for the gatrlnnt. It takes four or live skiis to inake a sacllne. Wit hl good care and usage a sacute will last four or live seasons. Moths are the destroyers. Furriers say they have seen every particle of tur, where lnoths had beeni at work, drop oil t1'hIen a sactiae was taken from its resting-place, leaving the skin bare. lin the shops the furs are constantly beaten to keep the lmotisfrontdestroying them. A man takes a long limber stick inl each hand and beats them with vigor. U nder the beating the mloths roll back and lorth, andltt the sharp blows make a clat ter like boys p outdiug on a barrel with stick. The natural color of a seal is light, brown after the hair is pulled out oh the fur. The fur is dyed to give it the rich dark-browin color. The dyeing is doeli li Englaud niailily, where the greatest perfectiou is attained and the ciIlities are adeutate. Trouble is ex periencel in tilatclinig skins inl color exactly. Mink will be the popular linl iug for sacrlues ald dohlinans this sea sou, tlh dealerssay. liiniiueaud squtir rel skins will be used also. Fox--mair tril1iiigs are said to be out of date. lItuitatiouis of seal are ntade of iiusk rat, rabbit, nitd itink skins, but they can be easily dtutected. In Eurolpe sku1ik skinls are luch worn as itufs atuid t.riit - mtings, butt not here. ]laver is ita.te up iIn thiis conutry, to a large extent, into, liuifs, tipjeas, andi t,riings. Focx skinis serve for traiinug. Otter is to lie wornu by children. it Cantada beaver sacglies are sold largely. Tuny are contsidlered too hea2Zvy lii the IJniited 5~stae 'at-, dog, woif, atid nutria s tls r isedl for robes. A tRaulsin Pilgra,sago. Mris. Stevensont writes thme followving acconiit of a ilussiana pilgrimnage t,o tihe shrine of St. Nicholas, at B3ari, in Italy: '-'They were all dressed in1 a kinud of unmifori. the meni ini gray, barefooted, with stairs siung over their shoulders, ott whicli were tied bunmdle~s of clot,btes atnd a pair of boots; the women wore blue serge skirts, gray jackets, and red htandklerchitefs round thteir' heads, andu, like thte meit, cattrrIed bundles, w.it,h a wvater-bottle amid titn tmg, Ott the(ir backs. fTney wvere all slowiy crawlinig on the st*:hs, with bileedinig knees tad torti, travel-stainmed gartients, imut,ter lng prtayets antd entdless litamies, as they toiled up ward. Ont en Leruig the chmurcit we saw a shocking sight, so p)aintful that, t hesntate to describe it. Four p)ilgrimts were ott their knees, with their heads bent, downt to thte grounid in t.he muosti utintaturaml at,titudel, their eyes shut, amnd the swollent veinis st,andinig out, like cords trein thteit ctrimtsonted foreheads. A mtan walked by the side of each holdo1 tg onte end of a htanmdkerchtiet, whine tile wretchici petnitent, held the othier, and was t,tus giu ed along the pavemtenit. For a few seconds we did not realize whlat, was taking place, but ats thtey crawled oniward we ntoticed( four mtark(s like it (lark ribbon behintd t,bem, and it, (dawnedl oni us thtey were at,ually licking thec floor I And such a Iloor I lThoutsands of only htalf-civilhiz'ed human beitngs had been hin the church sine day break, as ite tainted atm osphere but too plainly shtowed. For over eigh ty yards those wretched crteatureos kept their tongues on the rough pave tmenit, over every pollution that, catme ini their way. We were chtainted to our Heats by htorror atnd disgust,, and in spite of: ourselves stayed till they at last reached the altar stels and were per nit,t,ed to rise. Th'ieir faces hiauntt mte st-ill; thte-small, cuttiing eyes turnting stealt,hily toward us, atnd as hastily turned taway; the htaif shame-faced, half-ferocious look; the coarse, (dirt smeared features thue matted heads of hair, and the lolling, lacerated tongues bleeding ovel' their china. And t,hese were fellow creatures, these bentighted wretches looking like seared wild boastal N1hat religion can that be which permits such a frightful exhibition, such a loathsome scone of human degradu atloia" The Bufthlo. In going down the Yellowstone and across the vast region lying between Glendive and Mandan, one is struok with the evident soaroity of game. This famous region, where two or three years ago herds of buffalo, antelope and deer were to be seen on every side, is now, to all appearances, strippe i of its game, For the entire distance from Livingston to Mandan 1 only saw two or three small bands of antelope and not a sign of a deer or buffalo. The fact is, the slaughter of buffalo and deer has been immense for the past two years, and particularly of the former. It is esti mated that during the past winter there have been 1,000 hunters engaged in the busipeas of .slaug4y teI *builqa . _ , along the line of the' Nobthru PaoifioQ between Maudan and Livingston. An eagle-eyed hunter got aboard of the train at Glondive, and he gave me the following interesting details as to the modus operandi in slaughtering herds of bufl'alo: In the first place the experi (nced hunter uses the Sharpe rile, 40 9d calibre. With this he can kill at 1,000 yards. When he sees a herd of buffalo lie usually slips up to within convenient range, from 300 to 500 yards, and al" wa3 s selects a cow for his first, victim tie does this for the rea ion that the cow is followed by both her yearling and two-year-old calves, and they will usual ly stand by her to the last. But under no eirenustaies will the experienced hunter kill his bulrflo outright. It ho does, the herd will stampede at onco. The policy is to wound fatally, but so that the animal will dai around in a circle bofore falling. This it always dues where mortally wounded, and after a fow muomnouts lies down. The remain. der of the herd are not alarmett at this, but continue to gaze or look on d 'z:d spectators of the tragedy boig enacted. Alter his tirrt shot the hunter pauses until quiet is restored, and again tires at anot,hor cow with similar results. lie always aims to put his ball just behind the fore shoulder, which will cause death in live minutes at furthest. When the cows have been all slain lie turns his at. tention to the calves, and lavtly to the bull. 'T'he experienced hunter general ly bags his entire herd, unltss he is s0 unfortunate as to drop his game imme diately, when all the survivors stampedo at once. The bulfalo does not scare at tito crack of a gun. Lie has decidedly more courage than discretion, It is only when the crack is followed by an immo diato fall that he realizes its deadly na ture and takes alarm. The policy of killing the cows first and then the calves has resulted in almost the utter extinc tion of the female buif do. herds of melancholy bulls can still occasionally lie seen, sonictimes in bands of twenty or thirty, and often without a single cow. The few remaining cows now have their pick of lovers, and always choose from the young blood of the herd. The buffalo bull, after he passes his fourth year, loses his attractiveness to the opposite sex, and the ayersion seems to be mutual. (athering about him ins bachelor friends of equal ago, he sullenly retires into the wilderness and forever avoids the female members of the herd, who mate with younger and anore uxorious masonliies. As I have said, the bulls are about all that are now lett of the buffalo. They largely owe their safety to the fact that their hides are less valuable than those of the cows, while at the same timo they are far m-re difficult to kill. The hide of the bull is only worth to the hunter from $1.81) to $2, while that of the cow brings $3.25, and that of the two-year-ol call is worth from $1 to $1.50. But of late there has sprung up quite a demand throughout the East for the head of the biifido bull, The well-preserved head of an aged bull decked out with glass eyes and horns intact will readily sell for $25 in the Eastern mairkets. Uonse quonetly the buffalo hunter of the future will wage a destructive war upon the bull tribe, and these venerable relics of a bygone era will also pass swiftly away. taicing with a Tomifi,OMt. On the 4th of .July Prof. Grimley as. cendedi in a balloon from Honesdale, I'a. At five o'clock the same af ternoon, or only twvo hours later,hio descendecd in the forests of Neversink, ahgnting in a large birch tree standing in the souther n slope of tie mouiitains, facing the vatk y oif the west bank of the Never.sink, at a distanice of about one and a half miles from the lumber mills of Ruevilo Mahnix. TIhe aeronaut says that he was followed throughout the entire distance from Ho nesdamle to the place0 where he descended by a violent thunider storm, the balloon keeping about four miles In advance of the storm, The scene afiordeda by the ripidly pursuiig tempest, according to his (deseription, was grand and impress ive in the extreme. His purpose wvas to reach the Hudson river, but just as lie came over the valley of the Neversink a terrific thunder storm burst over the summit of the Groot 8lide mountain, toward which the winud was rapidhly carrying him, Not wishing to plu'ge iu4o the terrible war of the elements lie saw raging there, ho pulled the valve string of his. balloon and descended, alighting, as before etated, in a large birch tree. Ha faitoned his balloon to a limb at a heighit of sixty feet from the ground, and sliding down the trunk of the tree made is way out of the forest to the residence of Andrew J. Mabon. Here ho remained over ntighit. The fol lowing morning he empl..'yed a unber of woodsmen and went back to the place of his descent to got his balloon, which, notwithstanding its partial col lapse from the exhaustion of gas wheti he left it, the evening before, was found fully eXp.ahled end soaring at the hllis of its tether ab)ovc tihe great trno. After great labor, being compelled to cut down no less than sixteen trees, they succeeded in getting the aerial mionster to the gaound without injury. As soon as the gas was exhausted It was packed up and brought out of the woods, thence by team to Big Indian htation, on the Ulster andi Delaware Railroad, about 80 miles from this city, wvhere the Professor arrived late at night, tiredi and hungry, but eongratulating himself on the auu Qessfuil termination of his trIp,