The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, August 18, 1883, Image 1
Y .. * .. ITw 'i,7 dv - " gv
1 M';
1'RI-WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSI3ORU, S. ( C. AUGUST 18. 1883.,SALSHD14
THE VERDICT
-0 F
THE PEOPLE.
BUY THE BEST!
MR. J. 0. BOAa-Dear Sir: I bought the first
Davis Machine sold by you over five years ago for
my wife who has given it a long and fair trial. I
am well pleased with It. It never gives any
rouble, and is as good as when first bought.
J. W. sor.tog.
Winnsboro, S. C., Apri, 1883.
Mr. BoAG: You wish to know what I have to say
in regard to the Davis Machine bought of ou three
years ago. I feel I can't say too much in its favor.
madle about 180,00 withit live months, at times
running it No fast that the needle would get per
feeti hot from friction. I feel contldeni I could
not have donle the same work with as much ease
and so well with any other machine. No time lost
In adjusting attachments. 'Tho lightest running
machine I have ever treadled. BrotherJames and
Williams' families are as much pleased with their
DAvie Machines bought or you. 1 want no better
nachine. As I said before, I don't think too
much can be said for the Davis Machine.
ltespectfully,
E.E2N STkvRnsoN,
Fairtield County, April, 1888.
MR. BOAU : My itn'cline gives me perfect sati
faction. I find no fault with It. The attachments
a'e so imle. I wish for no better than the Davis
Vera lespectfuhly.
MRs. It. MII.Na.
Fairfield county, Apri', 1883.
Mit. BoAO: I bought a i)avis Vertical Feet
ewing Machine from you four years ago. I am
slighted with It. It never has g.ven me any
rouble, and has never been the least out of order.
It to as good as when I tirst bought it. I can
cheerfully recommend it.
ltespectful'y,
11:t- M. J. KIKIx.AND.
Monticello, April 30, 1883.
This Is to certify that I have been using a Davis
Vertic ii Feed Sewing Macltine for over tw , y4Ars,
purchased of Mr. J. u. iio-ig. I haven't found I t
pssessed of any fault-all the attachments are so
sun ple. It neverrefuses to worn, and is certainly
the lghtest running in the market. I consider it
a first class machine.
Very respectfully,
MINNIE . WnI.1.INOU AM.
Oakland, Fairfield county. 8. C.
MAI Boa : I ani welt pleasct in every parttaut
with the Davis Machine uought of you. I think
a first-class mactine in every respect. You knew
you sold several tachines of the same make to
ditierent members of our families, all of whom,
as far as I know, are well pleased with then:.
Respectfully,
Mute. M. li. Mout.Y.
Fairtleld county, April, 1883.
'I'his '.sto.ee'tty'we !have tn. tm nsn'ut nas
the Dtvt.s Machine bought of you about Inree years
ago. As we take in work, and have made the
p- ice of it several tlines over, we don't. want any
better machine. It is always ready totdo any kind
of work we have to do. No puckering or skipping
stitches. We can only say we are well p:eased
an wish no better machine,
CATIiEtINE WYLIE AND SIst.
April 25, 183.
I have no fault to find with my macl ne, and
don't want any better. I have mtile the price of
it several times by taking in sewing. It is always
ready to do its work. I tIhink it a first-cltss ma
chine. I feel I can't say too much for the D.ivis
Vertical Feed Machine.
Nus. THoM as SMITII.
Fairfield county, April, 1883.
AR. d. 0. IioA--Dear Sir: it gives Inc mach
pleasue to testily to the merits of tho )avis Ver
tical Feed Sewing Machine. The iachine I got of
you about live years ago. has been almost la con.
stant use ever since that time. I eaunot see that
it Is worn any, and has not coat me one cent for
repairs since we have had it.. Am well pleased
and don't wish for any better.
Yours truly,
hosT. Cit wFtonD,
Sranite Quarry, near Winnsboro .9. C.
We have used the Davis Vertical Feedi Sewinig
Machine for tihe last five years. WVe would not
nave any oilier make at atny price. Trhe maclIttne
has given us unboundeli satlsfatction.
Very reapect fully,
Mas. W. K. 'ITUaNERt AND DAUonTErs)
Fairfield coutnty, 8. 0., Jan. 21, 1883.
Having biought a Davis Vertical Feed Seiving
Machine from Mr. J1. 0. Bloag some three years
ago, and it having given me perfect satisfaction in
every resipect as a family machine, both for hea -y
andt 1lighlt sowing, andi never needed the least re
pair in aniy way, I can onteerfully recommend It to
ay one as a first-class machin.- in every partictu
lar, anti think it second to none. It is one or the
simplest machines madet my childtren use it with
all ease. Thie attachments are more easily ad
justed and it does a greater range of work by
means of its Vertical Fead than any other ma
'chine I have ever seen or used.
MnM. TuoMAs OwINos.
Winnsboro, Fairfild county, S. 1'.
We have had one of the DavIs Machilaes about
-tour yearustand have always found it ready to do alt
kinds of work we have had1 occasion to do. Can't
see that the machine is worn any, and works as
well as when new.
MRs. WV. J. CnAwFonD,
Jackson's Creek, Fairfild couinty, 8.'C.
My wife is highly pleased with tile Davis Ma
chine bought, of yon. Site wouild not take dout>le
wnat she gave for it. The machine has unot
be en out of order since she had it, and she can do
'any kind of work on it.
Very Rtespectfully,
JAs. F. FaEE.
Monticello, F'alrfld county, 8. C.
The Davis hewing Mach ine Is simply a fr.eas
wre Mts. J. A. GooDwYN.
Rtidgeway, N. C., Jan. 10, 1a33.
,, O BOAG, Esq., Agent-Dear Sir : My- wife
has been tuslig a Davis Sewing Machine constant
ly for tihe past, four years, and it has never needled
any repairs an aworks just as well as when firsat
bought. She says It wil do a greater ranige of
practi.al work Pnd do it easier alnd bet'r luan
any machiinu she ns ever used. We chteerfully
recomimentd it as a No. 1 family machine,
Your tru.y,
JAs. Q. DlAvis.
Wlnnsboro, 8. 0., Jan. 3, 1883.
Mil. BoAo : I have always found my D)avis Ma
ehine ready do all kinds of to work I have had oc
casion to do. I cannot see that thin machine is
worn a particle and it works as wedl as when new.
Itespectful ly,
MRs. Rt. C. GioODINo.
* Winnaboro, .5. C., AprIl, 1883,
Ma. BOAG: My wife has been constantly timing
the Davis Machine bought, of .s on about 'ive year.
*ago. I have never regretied buying it, as itt
alway* ready for any in d of fain i sewing, ether
i'ea or light. It le never out of xis or needing
Very respectint ,
Fair*eld, 8. 0., March, 1883.
SUATTER SEEDS OF KINDNESS.
There was never a golden sunbeam
That fell on a desolate place,
But left some trace of its presence
That time could never efface.
Not a song of Ineffable sweetness
That ravished the Listening ear,
hen slumbered in silence forgotten
For many and many a year
But a word or a tone might awaken
Its magical power anew,
Long after the sweet-voiced singer
Had faded from earthly view.
Not a heart that was ever so weary,
Or tainted with sin and despair,
But a word of tender compassion
Might find an abiding-place there.
Yet countless thousands are yearning
For sympathy, kindness and love,
And souls are groping in darkness
Without one gleam from above.
There was never a sunbeam wasted,
Nor a song that was sung in vain.
nd souls that scorn lost in the shadows
A Saviour's love may reclaim.
Then scatter the sunbeams of kindness,
Though your deeds may never be known.
The harvest will ripen in glory
If the seed be faithfully sown:
And life will close with a blessing,
And fade into endless (lay,
Like the golden hues of the sunbeam
That fade in the twilight gray.
His YOUNG WIFE.
"Well, Aunt Antonia. what do you
think of her?"
Mr. Wayland had just come home
from business, and met his aunt It, the
snug little drawing-room, whore thre
red plush curtains hung in such vivid
folds, and the fire glowed in the twi
light like a crimson jewel.
Somewhere in the room there was a
paphne-tree in full blossom. You could
smell its subtle sweetness, even though
you could not detect its whereabouts
by means of the eye ; and a bright
plumed bird whistled softly in the half
light, as if it were soliloquizing to it
self.
Rufus Wayland had not seen the old
aunt who had brought him up for a
year-a year which, to him, had been
full of eventful interest, for within its
bright cycle of months he had wooed
and won the wife who was to him the
sweetest creature in all the world.
And now, that Aunt Antonia had
returned from the South, he had looked
forward to her visit with a sense of
happy exultation.
"She will take a mother's place to my
motherless Zoe," he thought; "and she
cannot help admiring the (tear little
thing.'
A nd so he had hurried home from
his business upon this particular even
ing, to feast his ears on Aunt Antonia's
tribute of delight and homage to Zoo's
charms.
Aunt Autcnia was a tall, rather stiff,
elderly lady in black silk with compact
little bunches of gray curls on either
side of her face, gold spectacles, and a
mouth which seemed to screw itself to
gether, instead of closing like other
people s lips.
She allowed herself to be kissed af
fectionately by her nephew, and then
straightened out her cap-ribbons with a
sigh.
"I think, Rufus,'' said sire, sepulchl
rally, "that you have married a child!''
"Well, she is young," admitted the
husband, laughing.. "Bit she is such
a darling!''
"She can't be twenty," said Aunt
Antonia.
"Just eighteen," said 1tufus.
"And so uninformed!" added the old
lady, who had a way of heaving up deep
sighs from the lower regions of her
lungs at the end of every sentence,
which was, to say the least of it, de
pressing.
"You mean-''
"'No system!" said Aunt Antonia.
"No defInite aim in life I No logic I"
"But,'' pleaded Rufus Wayland,
"what (lees she want of system, arnd
logic, arid all that sort of thing?"
"Sitting on the rug reading fairy
tales," sid Aunt Anitonria, "like a
baby I And then confessing out arnd
out, to me, without so much as a blush
of shrame, that she has never read Mil=
tori's 'Paradise Regained,' and( is qluite
ignorant of Shakespeare! Any teni-year
01(1 child ought to be ashamed to own
such flagrant ignorance I Arid wvhen 1
asked her about the aid societies and
charitable cl ub ini the neighborh ood, she
couldn't give me a single item of in
formation, but kissedl me, and wanted
me to eat chocolate-creams out of a
l)ink-stini box!''
Mr. Wayland laughed.
"That is just like Zoo," he saidl.
And the next instant, Zoo herself
camne into the room-a beatitif ul young
creature, with golden hair, bond care
lessly wvith blue fIlets of ribbon, (in a
way which Aunt Antonia secretly pro
nounced "crazy fashion,'') a paie-blue
Bilk dress and tIre p)rettiest of high
heeled French slippers.
"Tea is ready, Rufus," she said;
"and we've made a real Miaryland syll
abub for Aunt Antenma."
Could there be anything p)rettler or
more lovable-thre young hrusband asked
himself-than this gold-trossed fairy
whno flitted about tire room, seeming to
create a sweet hrome atmosphere where
ever she went-this dimpled little play
thing who knelt on I lie rtug, p)layinig
with tihe cat, arid never attemptedl to
fellow tire thread of the' conrversation.
while Aunt Arntonia and her nep)hew
discussed the Concord schiool of P'hilo
sohy and criticised tire last volume of
essays and tire latest poem?
"Because, you know, I'm riot liter
ary," confessed Zoo, as sire drewv a rose
bud about tire carpet to attract tIre air
tics of pussy, and( laughed a peal of
sweet, girlish laughter, wvhren tire rose=
bird was cap)tured at last.
But Mr. Wayhanud was a little graver
than usual that eveninig, after Aunrt
Antornia arid her carndle had disappeared,
wvithr a majesty niot unworthy of Lady
Macbeth, into hrer own apartment,
which Zoo had fillied with flowers, old
china, Turkey rugs and all manner of
pretty trifles. Was Aoo really fr,volous?
or was it that Aunt Anitonia's higher
plane of life dwarfed her narrow circle
of existence?
"Zoo," said lie, "you must have a.
great deal of time?"
"Oh, plenty I" said the bride, innA
cently.
"Don'tyouthinkyoucouldgothrroug~h
a course of reading, which my aunt
will mark out for you? Every lady reads
nowadays." t
"But I read, too," said Zoo, with T
wide open blue eyes.
"Solid literature, I mean," corrected I
her husband. "The English classics- e
all that sort of thing."
Zoo dropped her head. t
"I--,suppose so," said she, slowly.
"Of course, I know that you are a 1
dear little housekeeper," went on Rufus; i
"but my aunt reminds me that we d
ought not to confine our sympathies a
within the narrow range of our own
daily existence."
"I don' .mnderstand," said Zoe,
faintly.
"Aunt Antonia will explain," said
Rufus. "There are always clubs to -
join, mutual imnprovement societies to
organize charitable associations to
form. And when you have once tasted n
the pleasures of these improving occu- b
pations-"
"Oh, yes, I know!" said Zoo.. "And b
I will try my best to do as you wish,
Rufus." d
But there was the shadow of new
gravity on that infantine face, a pen- v
sive intonation of the voice, which
Rufus Wayland had never heard before.
Aunt Antonia went to the book store, n
and ordered home huge editions of the
classics. She began a daily course of m
reading with her nephew's wife; she i
initiated her into the mysteries of
clubs, societies, symposiums, until the
day became all too short for her engage
muents.n
"Your wife is improving." she said,
to Rufus, I really think she is awakent 1
ing to a sense of the responsibility of a
woman in the nineteenth century at rE
last." 0
And Rufus kissed the peach-like,
dimpled cheek, and congratulated Zoe
on her mental advance.
But somehow the home was not so
sweet anid cozy. An impalpable some
thing was missing-the influence which b
had followed Zoo's light footsteps all I
through the rooms, the glass of flowers s
here, the looped curtains there, the r
sheets of music on the piano, the bird
cage hung in the sunshine, the delicate il
dish prepared by Zoe's own fingers, the ai
whipped cream, the lucent jolly, the to
carefully cut-up fruits-all the pretty t
quaint devices which had descended to o
this young housekeeper through a long e
line of Maryland ancestors. 01
They had been very pleasant. Rufus h'
Wayland had enjoyed them ats we enjoy ai
the sweet air and sunshine, without W
pausing to think whence they Cane; of
and lie missed them now. P,
"But, all of a sudden, the delicate tl
little flower drooped, as a blue-boll I)J
droops after a sharp September frost." to
"I an not sick," said.Zoe; "ob, nol .
Butrl feel as if there wasn't aiy l.ore
strength left in me. I think I won't n:
get up to-day; I'll lie in bed and rest. W
No, no; don't send for a doctor! I don't m
need medicine-I only need rest.'' J
Aunt Antonia stared. herself strong e]
as an iron machine, it had never occur- "
red to her that all natures were not cast fr
in the same enduring mould. But the B
old family doctor looked grave, and 1J
shook his gray head. it
"She has overdone herself," lie said; cc
"the results may be serious. Put away ou
her books; don't so. much as speak to h<
her about classics or societies." ra
And Aunt Antonia had never, in in
the course of her whole life, felt such a al
pang as when the doctor whispered his th
impression that little Zoo must, proba- b]
bly, drift away from them into the 1I
great unknown world, as the autumn (1<
crept on. th
"But there is nothing the matter ''
with her!" Pllealled she, with a mist
gathering over the oval of her glasses. in
"That is p)recisely the sort of case tc
that we physicians find most didficult ,e
to dleal with," saidl Doctor D)ean, at
And one day Zoo putt her soft, trans- e3
p)arent little hand out upon that of her m
husband.
"I am not asleep),"said sheo. "Don't (
keep so quiet. But sometimes my
sp)eech and mind sent to float away
from me, and so I had perhaps better
tell you now howv sorry I am that I
have beeni such a disappointment to
you." A
"A disappointment! Zoe, my treas- fa
uire!" criedl out Rufus. 1
"1I never could have been a niceolady b
like Aunt Antontia " wvhispered Zoe~ ;'
I"It wasn't in me. 'They were killing p
m te-those dreadful clubs, and the long,
long pages of blank verse, and the tire- g
seine plays of Shakespeare, which I
never understood. Tiell her it wvas very"
kind of her to try and remodel me for.
your sake, dear; bt it niever could have i,
been done. Bitt I loved you, dlarling- hb
elh, so well! If I had been Sir Isaac
Newton himself, I couldn't have loved "
you any better. Always remember a'
that, won't yeou; dear ? And now I'll (j
try to 81001) a little."
Aunt Anitonia looked blankly at her a'
nephew, as the soft lids drooped over '
the big, blue eyes. a
"We have made a mistake!" she "
whispered. I
"Yes," said Rufus Wayland, hoarse
ly, "we have made a mistake; and if it
hats lost me my little Zoo, [ shall never
forgive myself!"
And Aunt Antoia felt like a crimi
nal. h e
Bitt Zoo did( not die. With tender a
nursing and cotnstuant care, site re t
covered; and when she was wvell enough "'
to travel, iRufus Wayland took her to W
the bright Azores. sI
" Hang Milton and Shakespeare I" L
said lhe. "Confusion seize all these u
Mental Improvement Associations and i
Intellectual Saturnalias I Put 'em all tl
together, I don't value them half as it
much as one golden hair of Zoo's (lear Lb
little head .You can't make a stately o
Ibis out of a humming-bird, amid I love C
my dear little wife just as site is, for .Ih
what she Is ! "u
" You're quite sure you wouldn't at
have me any diffeient'? " said Zoe, art- r
lessly.
" My dear," said the young husband,
"If you wvere like Aunt Antonia-who,
thank fortune, lia gone with a Socializ- hi
lng Society somewhere up to the North O*
Pole-I should commit suicide."
And Zoo laughed the old, sweet ai
laugh, and was happy once again. T
Grief hiallows hearts, even while It
ages heads.
The Bourto of MRthemwtleg.
Algebra is an Arablo word, denoting
ie science of combining the separated.
'he Moslems in Cairo zealously culti
ated it, and after they came to know
uolid they became .great mathemati
tans on the basis of 'the Writings of
laudius Ptolemasus, and also great as
-onomers and geographers. In this
rovince, too, tiey o*e to the ancient
1gyptians more than has hitherto been
oknowledged. It is by no me'ans acci
ental that the greatest mathematicians
f Hellenic antiquity were styled pupils
f the E fyptians, or that it was said of
iem that they had lived on the Nile.
'hales (600 B. O.) is reported to have
easured the height of tamIds by
ieir shadow. Pythai e long
i Egypt, and studied.,+LartIoularly at
[eliopolis. He is said to have been
iaster of the Egyptian language, and
nuphis and Bonchis a're mentioned as
is princip:tl teachers. In the same city
f scholars was trained, under Noktaul
os I., Eudemos of Kuidos, (857,) who
Iscovered among other hings, that a
yramid was the third p :rt of a prism
hose base and Rides were equal. It is
eli known that Euclid wrote his "Ele
onts" in A'exaudria, under the first
toleny (Soter.) The great Eratosthe
?s, who was the first to menasure a
eridian of the earth, owed hi-s success
t doing so to the previ 'us investiga
ons made in that departuient by the
gyptians, who were already able to
ve with tolerable accuracy the distance
a straight line from Alexandria to
yana. In all this there is nothing that
new to mathematicians, but few of
tern have any acquaintance with the
cords that make known to us the sMate
mathematical science among the
gyptians in the begittiig of the
cond millenium B. C. The Ihind pa
yrus, preserved in the British museu,
ay be termed a hand-book of ancient
gyptian mathematics. It was written
y a certain Aahmeau, under one ot the
at lykso kings, and shows that the
lence of ancient times continued to
cist even under the listed conquerors.
he Heidelberg Egyptologist Fisenlohr
is published this reunarkable codex
id a translation of it, with the assis
,nee of Kantor, the well known authori
< n the history of mathematics. Some
the mistaken renderings of these
holars-easily excuable on account
the great difficulty of the matter
ve been pointed out in a most acute
id stimulating paper by L. H. Rhodet,
kich we recommend to the attention
all mathematicians. The Ruind pa
'rus establishes the remarkable fact
at certain processes of reckoning used
r the writer of that very ancient doe
nent are identical with processes
und among the 4, through
em, among the .: he weitern
athematicians of the middle ages, to
hom the writings of the Arabs wore
ado known, for the mast part, by
swish scholars. When we fiind, for
:ample, the arithmetical process of
falee stating" to have been practiced
om the time of Aahmesu (about 1700
0.) down to the six.tenth century A.
., that seems remarkable enough; but
is more astonishing still to find that
rtain examples of progression which
:tort a smile from us on accountof the
iterogeneous character of their ar
ugement, are contained in the writ
gs of Fibonacci (Leonardo von Pisa)
)out the year 1200 A. D., in exactly
e same form in which they are given
r Aahmesu. This fact, discovered by
hodet, is so remarkable, so easily un
irstood, and so striking to the eye,
at it will interest even the lay mind.
lt Egyptian example is stated thus:
ribes, 7; cats. 49; mice, 843; mecas
es of corn, 2,041; bushels, 16,837
tal, 19,607. That is, there are 7
ribes, and every e ihe has 7 c its ('19)
id. each cat catches 7 mice (313); and
'ery mouse in a given time oats 7
easures of corn (2,401); and every
easure wnen sown produces 7 bushels
6 807). Howv much Is the whole? 19,
'7.
ii. iH.
Cominencing Thu ire<lay, $1ho 5th I iinstaint,
id conItiumg ont Thiiursay onily initll
riher niotico, t his most duleliihlfi of all
0o 0one-day excursionis will hbe c(ionnocdi
9' the Ponnsylvaniai l. lt. by rail go Jlor
'y Ciify, andm thpec via lho, titvoito
(NmIor, "It1icard 01 oo,"' to Wost
slnt. and( New'lt brgh. Th~ -i: han les of Ihle
'(Nil I r,voh-r~s as , ttial 1o any1 ini the wor di,
i by s io sahll to) exceas. Itho wori l-li.
01n4 Xceneryi3 of t he Ithinei. C~ermain,ly there~
ni ii. Orkgs toiu cmp.Nr w,itit.~ m in of0110
(3pean bomf'n ortabily takeni holtween ear:y
(Nakthist ami Iaie supar.
A spe.cial t rain to connc wo.~ithI t.he boat
llea. ioad Str'e.4 Stailon at 7.00 A.
,on Thlursday only, to suop at l'aw<-l'on
Vennei, Eidge aivoneis, Germ lintoawn duneli
onl, Fr'aak lord Juneiion ,i, Torresdalo, lti
ii, and Trenton. Connetion,, will bse mnads
renitons by thei tralin which lesavess foot
Marke.t strest at 6.20 A. M., which traini
ops5 reguilarly at a I pinhcIp)al stations hou
veent Camndeni and~ l'rontoen. Thme hares for
to Entire round trip) is only $2.50; children
,tween the ages of five al twelve, half
31ce.
A Peular Vicar.
The Vicar' of Chairt-Sutton, England,
L out the churchyardl as' a shieep pat
~e, thien refused to allow a parishioner
beautify his farfily lot uniless lhe
onld first pay a fee of aboeut $8, andh
hen this hiad been paid and nine
rubs hIad been set out, he demnanded
olir removal oin the gr'ound that they
ore injurious to the sheep. Not long
ter'ward the shrubs disappel)ared but
e vicar doenied all knowledge oe the,
atter until his wvardten confessed that
cy were removed by' the direct order
the cler'gyiman. Th le Archbishop of
mnterbury was appea)Oled to, but re-.
sdtinterfero, as the churchyar'd
as the vicar's fr'eehiold and hie had
~ted within his legal rigith. The sum
alized for thme sheep pasture wasi ab)out
for the season.
'The United States Fish Commission
as this year distributed throughout
5ery State and Territory in the Union
1,000,000 whIte fish, 80,000,000 shuad,
d 10,000 000 of the salrnonidto species.
he commlasion has also distributed 12,
0 German carp.
--Montgomery Bilair has a sp)inatl af
ction.
Trade inI Rubbor.
A dealer in Rubber recently said ]
don't believe there is another trade i
the world that is so full of Interest t(
the general student as the rubber trade,
" It is a study fron beginning to end
The land bordering the Amazon pro
duces the controlling amount of rubbeir
in the world. Para is the principa
market for the rich plantations along
this queen of rivers. A thousand niloe
of territory contribute to its markets
From Manaos to Para the vegetation h
of the rakest character. It is here that
the Siphonia clastica, or rubber tree, at
tains its best growth. Vegetation is s(
rank that it is almost impossible tc
force one's way through the tangle(
mass of vines and stens without a vig
orous use of the hatchet or knife. Thi
rubber tree attains a height of forty o
fifty feet, anp is as straight as an arrow.
Its rich dark foliage and reddish brown
trunk give it a very picturesque appear
ance. The rubber producing season
lasts from May to Septemnber. 'lhe
people who gather it are of the lowest
order of huian beings. They live in
the most prilitive ua nner, and are ex
posed to the extremes of weather at all
times. They are a short-lived race.
Their way of living is removed only a
single step from that of beasts. As in
all the lower orders of htunanh beings,
the unale tyrannizes over the female and
compels her to do the hnost nienial
work. She gathers the rubber while lie
lies inl his hammock ald smokes or
sleeps ofl the effects of the white 1men's
drink. Tle privations that are endur
ed during the gathering season are of
such a nature that none but natives
could undergo theta and live. The
lo wlanlds w IIe(re the trees flourish best
are inhabited by veno)mous reltiles and
and insects, and the atuiosphere is
loaded witlh poisonouls vapors.
"'The Indian pushes his boat through
the overhanging foliage to the river's
bank, clears a sinall spot ol which to
swing his hamlmock, and is soon ready
for buisiness. lie then euts paths
ihirough t,he tulerbuish to tel or twelve
tires in the iluitediate vieility. lincis
ions are inade in the trunks of the trees
w ith a hatchet. ar" sharp knife. Beneath
these incisions small tin or earthen cups
are fasteued by mhean s of soft clay. By
the time he has completed this work
the cups upon the first tree are filled
with a white sap resembling cow's
iukil. The indian enlpties the cups
iito a large gourd which lie carries to
the spot where his hantnock is swung.
A sinall fire is burning near by. le
throws a handful of nuts fronm the
palh tree upon the glowing coals and
places over themi a bottomubess tunnel
shaped earthen vessel. Taking a pad
die-shaped inhstrunent he dips it in the
white imilk and holds its in the dense
black smoke which pours out of the
mouth of the vessel. With each drying
a thti layer of rubber is orned. The
process is continued until the paddle
has two or three inches of rubber_upon
it, weighing from ten to fifteen pounds.
This is then cut oil with the nmatcheto
--a knife ised by the natives-aud al
ter a few days' drying im the sunt is
ready for market. The inesses of rub
ber made inl this way are called ' bis
cuits.' While the process of drying is
going oil the iiilk which hats been spill
ed oi the ground coagulates into a soft
sour substance. This is gathered and
pressed into it rould ball and sent to
inarket under the name of ' negro
heads.' The comluercial value of ' bis
cuit, ' ranges from 50 to 60 cents per
pound, and 'negro heads' from 30 to
40 cents per pound. The general law
of su1ply and(1 denmnd rendrs these
prices subject to a wide variationl.
"VWhen ruibber' is first inadeo it is wet
and soggy, sc, that after it is panked in
bales aind shipped to this country or
Europe it umndeirgoes a graduial shrink
uig p)rocess: An average est,imate of
the slhinkinlg of rubber froml the timie
it heaves P.ara lum,il it, is receIved and
worked np by thme mnanlufactulres is from
23 to 25 per centt. Th'lis fact muist be
takenm into conisiderat ion whlen inakinig
piurchiases.
"On arrivinig at the factory, the bis
cutits are p)laced in a large val, of hot
water amid allowed to soften. They are
then ruin through Ipowerfl grinders
made of corrulgaLted iron amid rolled into
sheets. A fter drying thme sheets are
lmnufact,iredh into bools, shloes anId
other art,icles.
"Although thle wvhole tormid belt pro
d uces rubber, its (qua~lity aluil comuposi
ion vary im differeint, cotno ries. Next
to the Ama'.oni district, Central Ani
ca productes the best anId largest qunt,i
ty of rumobher. A frica and1( the island( of
Madagascar stand( netxt In order* ])is
tinict grades of' thme commiioni varieties
are produed in the Dast Indies anid
the coun ltry near (ilcuitta. Some p'eo
p)le have an idea that rubber anid gutta
percha are the .samie, but, they are not,
although tile fatter comles from a tree
munch reseimibing tue rubber free. Gut
taL-lerchla has imore duttrabilIity but less
elasticity thani the former substance.
When brought to the counitry it has thec
appearancue of wood or pieces of cark.
Owving to its restricted uses, gutta-per
cha (lees not, find a ready mariket,. I t
use is chiefly confhmed to c'.eiital puirpos.
OS andit the inianufactulre or telegraiph
wires."
"la rubber ever aidutlterated ? "'
"Yes. there are sev'eral substances
tised as adulterants in the inmufact mmre
of the chewaper grades of' goods. Tfe
umost important, of these is whlitin1g.
Lately a substitute for rumbber' flas been1
imade from cotton-seed oil, but It hias
nmot e"ome inito genieral use. Old rubbei
boot., and shoes are also utilized. Thmey
are ground up anmd devulcanized and
then miixed wit,h thme cheaperOI grad(es of
Africani rubber. Fomemrly all rub hbe,
detsignmed for the Unaited States ma:rket
hand to be shipped t,o Enmgland anid them.
reshipped to this country simpilly be
cause we had no line of steamers run
ning between New York anid Brazil,
This remained a serious drawback t<
the development of the trade unti)
about a year ago, when th e United
States and Brazil Steamship GCcompany
was established. Th'le cable communi
cations are now very good. Dlspatchem
are received and sent each day between
merchants here and along the Amazon.
The expense of this Itern alone often
reaches $50 for a single day. Take it.
all in all, there never has boon a time
when rubber could be handled so exped
itionsly as now, The speculators who
have been working up the present cor
ner in the market have learned ore this
that manufacturers hero are not so
easily iiposed upon as they tbought.
The bottom must fall out of the high
prices soon and the market will return
to its normal condition. At present
the rubber men are enjoying a well-earn
ed holidays. ;ome have gone to the
Bermudas, some to Florida, and others
to Texas. Early summer will find
them all back at their posts ready for
busliess."
(lottiag Winter Furs letuy.
Maiifactutrers of fur garments are
making il) sacques, lolnlanls, muffs,
tippets, and other articles for the fall
and winter trade, which begins in An
gust and lasts until February. There
are not half a dozen houses making any
quantity in New York. The head of
one of the largest houses in the trade
said that only froln 6,000 to 8,000 seal
skin sacques a year were made in New
York, and the number for the whole
country was from 12,000 to 1-",O0U.
lhere is an aimple supply of scaiskii
and all other skins as well, this year.
so sealskin sacques will not be higher
in price than usual in the fall. They
Will be worth from $125 to $2'>0, accord
ing to the style and quality. A sacque
caunot, be turned out. of a shop in less
than two days and an endless amount,
of work is piut on it in that time. Ono
who sees the hack of the skin is apt to
ttiuk the body is all made up of little
pieces. That is not the case, although
the skinls often have to be patched to
make them the required size. The slits
alt where iinperfectiotns are ut out of
the skinl, and frequently they are made
to lengthen omit the skin wile decreas
ing the widtb. All this requires great
dexterity. The skin has to be cut, in
such a way that the fur will join nicely
when sewed together, and not show the
existence of the sean. The workmen
ply their knives rapidly, antd when they
get through, the skini looks 1iore like a
lot of holes tuau auy thuig else. Skilled
wonen sew up the shts, the skin is
saturated amid nailed on a b0ard and
then cut for the gatrlnnt. It takes
four or live skiis to inake a sacllne.
Wit hl good care and usage a sacute
will last four or live seasons.
Moths are the destroyers. Furriers
say they have seen every particle of tur,
where lnoths had beeni at work, drop
oil t1'hIen a sactiae was taken from its
resting-place, leaving the skin bare. lin
the shops the furs are constantly beaten
to keep the lmotisfrontdestroying them.
A man takes a long limber stick inl each
hand and beats them with vigor. U nder
the beating the mloths roll back and
lorth, andltt the sharp blows make a clat
ter like boys p outdiug on a barrel with
stick. The natural color of a seal is
light, brown after the hair is pulled out
oh the fur. The fur is dyed to give it
the rich dark-browin color. The dyeing
is doeli li Englaud niailily, where the
greatest perfectiou is attained and the
ciIlities are adeutate. Trouble is ex
periencel in tilatclinig skins inl color
exactly. Mink will be the popular linl
iug for sacrlues ald dohlinans this sea
sou, tlh dealerssay. liiniiueaud squtir
rel skins will be used also. Fox--mair
tril1iiigs are said to be out of date.
lItuitatiouis of seal are ntade of iiusk rat,
rabbit, nitd itink skins, but they can
be easily dtutected. In Eurolpe sku1ik
skinls are luch worn as itufs atuid t.riit -
mtings, butt not here. ]laver is ita.te
up iIn thiis conutry, to a large extent,
into, liuifs, tipjeas, andi t,riings.
Focx skinis serve for traiinug. Otter
is to lie wornu by children. it Cantada
beaver sacglies are sold largely. Tuny
are contsidlered too hea2Zvy lii the IJniited
5~stae 'at-, dog, woif, atid nutria
s tls r isedl for robes.
A tRaulsin Pilgra,sago.
Mris. Stevensont writes thme followving
acconiit of a ilussiana pilgrimnage t,o tihe
shrine of St. Nicholas, at B3ari, in Italy:
'-'They were all dressed in1 a kinud of
unmifori. the meni ini gray, barefooted,
with stairs siung over their shoulders,
ott whicli were tied bunmdle~s of clot,btes
atnd a pair of boots; the women wore
blue serge skirts, gray jackets, and red
htandklerchitefs round thteir' heads, andu,
like thte meit, cattrrIed bundles, w.it,h a
wvater-bottle amid titn tmg, Ott the(ir
backs. fTney wvere all slowiy crawlinig
on the st*:hs, with bileedinig knees tad
torti, travel-stainmed gartients, imut,ter
lng prtayets antd entdless litamies, as they
toiled up ward. Ont en Leruig the chmurcit
we saw a shocking sight, so p)aintful that,
t hesntate to describe it. Four p)ilgrimts
were ott their knees, with their heads
bent, downt to thte grounid in t.he muosti
utintaturaml at,titudel, their eyes shut, amnd
the swollent veinis st,andinig out, like
cords trein thteit ctrimtsonted foreheads.
A mtan walked by the side of each
holdo1 tg onte end of a htanmdkerchtiet,
whine tile wretchici petnitent, held the
othier, and was t,tus giu ed along the
pavemtenit. For a few seconds we did
not realize whlat, was taking place, but
ats thtey crawled oniward we ntoticed( four
mtark(s like it (lark ribbon behintd t,bem,
and it, (dawnedl oni us thtey were at,ually
licking thec floor I And such a Iloor I
lThoutsands of only htalf-civilhiz'ed human
beitngs had been hin the church sine
day break, as ite tainted atm osphere
but too plainly shtowed. For over
eigh ty yards those wretched crteatureos
kept their tongues on the rough pave
tmenit, over every pollution that, catme ini
their way. We were chtainted to our
Heats by htorror atnd disgust,, and in
spite of: ourselves stayed till they at last
reached the altar stels and were per
nit,t,ed to rise. Th'ieir faces hiauntt mte
st-ill; thte-small, cuttiing eyes turnting
stealt,hily toward us, atnd as hastily
turned taway; the htaif shame-faced,
half-ferocious look; the coarse, (dirt
smeared features thue matted heads of
hair, and the lolling, lacerated tongues
bleeding ovel' their china. And t,hese
were fellow creatures, these bentighted
wretches looking like seared wild
boastal N1hat religion can that be which
permits such a frightful exhibition, such
a loathsome scone of human degradu
atloia"
The Bufthlo.
In going down the Yellowstone and
across the vast region lying between
Glendive and Mandan, one is struok
with the evident soaroity of game. This
famous region, where two or three years
ago herds of buffalo, antelope and deer
were to be seen on every side, is now, to
all appearances, strippe i of its game,
For the entire distance from Livingston
to Mandan 1 only saw two or three
small bands of antelope and not a sign
of a deer or buffalo. The fact is, the
slaughter of buffalo and deer has been
immense for the past two years, and
particularly of the former. It is esti
mated that during the past winter there
have been 1,000 hunters engaged in
the busipeas of .slaug4y teI *builqa . _ ,
along the line of the' Nobthru PaoifioQ
between Maudan and Livingston. An
eagle-eyed hunter got aboard of the
train at Glondive, and he gave me the
following interesting details as to the
modus operandi in slaughtering herds
of bufl'alo: In the first place the experi
(nced hunter uses the Sharpe rile, 40
9d calibre. With this he can kill at 1,000
yards. When he sees a herd of buffalo
lie usually slips up to within convenient
range, from 300 to 500 yards, and al"
wa3 s selects a cow for his first, victim
tie does this for the rea ion that the cow
is followed by both her yearling and
two-year-old calves, and they will usual
ly stand by her to the last. But under
no eirenustaies will the experienced
hunter kill his bulrflo outright. It ho
does, the herd will stampede at onco.
The policy is to wound fatally, but so
that the animal will dai around in a
circle bofore falling. This it always
dues where mortally wounded, and after
a fow muomnouts lies down. The remain.
der of the herd are not alarmett at this,
but continue to gaze or look on d 'z:d
spectators of the tragedy boig enacted.
Alter his tirrt shot the hunter pauses
until quiet is restored, and again tires
at anot,hor cow with similar results. lie
always aims to put his ball just behind
the fore shoulder, which will cause death
in live minutes at furthest. When the
cows have been all slain lie turns his at.
tention to the calves, and lavtly to the
bull. 'T'he experienced hunter general
ly bags his entire herd, unltss he is s0
unfortunate as to drop his game imme
diately, when all the survivors stampedo
at once. The bulfalo does not scare at
tito crack of a gun. Lie has decidedly
more courage than discretion, It is only
when the crack is followed by an immo
diato fall that he realizes its deadly na
ture and takes alarm. The policy of
killing the cows first and then the calves
has resulted in almost the utter extinc
tion of the female buif do. herds of
melancholy bulls can still occasionally
lie seen, sonictimes in bands of twenty
or thirty, and often without a single
cow. The few remaining cows now have
their pick of lovers, and always choose
from the young blood of the herd.
The buffalo bull, after he passes his
fourth year, loses his attractiveness to
the opposite sex, and the ayersion
seems to be mutual. (athering about
him ins bachelor friends of equal ago, he
sullenly retires into the wilderness and
forever avoids the female members of
the herd, who mate with younger and
anore uxorious masonliies. As I have
said, the bulls are about all that are now
lett of the buffalo. They largely owe
their safety to the fact that their hides
are less valuable than those of the cows,
while at the same timo they are far
m-re difficult to kill. The hide of the
bull is only worth to the hunter from
$1.81) to $2, while that of the cow brings
$3.25, and that of the two-year-ol call
is worth from $1 to $1.50. But of late
there has sprung up quite a demand
throughout the East for the head of the
biifido bull, The well-preserved head
of an aged bull decked out with glass
eyes and horns intact will readily sell
for $25 in the Eastern mairkets. Uonse
quonetly the buffalo hunter of the future
will wage a destructive war upon the
bull tribe, and these venerable relics of
a bygone era will also pass swiftly
away.
taicing with a Tomifi,OMt.
On the 4th of .July Prof. Grimley as.
cendedi in a balloon from Honesdale,
I'a. At five o'clock the same af ternoon,
or only twvo hours later,hio descendecd in
the forests of Neversink, ahgnting in a
large birch tree standing in the souther n
slope of tie mouiitains, facing the vatk y
oif the west bank of the Never.sink, at a
distanice of about one and a half miles
from the lumber mills of Ruevilo Mahnix.
TIhe aeronaut says that he was followed
throughout the entire distance from Ho
nesdamle to the place0 where he descended
by a violent thunider storm, the balloon
keeping about four miles In advance of
the storm, The scene afiordeda by the
ripidly pursuiig tempest, according to
his (deseription, was grand and impress
ive in the extreme. His purpose wvas to
reach the Hudson river, but just as lie
came over the valley of the Neversink a
terrific thunder storm burst over the
summit of the Groot 8lide mountain,
toward which the winud was rapidhly
carrying him, Not wishing to plu'ge
iu4o the terrible war of the elements lie
saw raging there, ho pulled the valve
string of his. balloon and descended,
alighting, as before etated, in a large
birch tree. Ha faitoned his balloon to
a limb at a heighit of sixty feet from the
ground, and sliding down the trunk of
the tree made is way out of the forest
to the residence of Andrew J. Mabon.
Here ho remained over ntighit. The fol
lowing morning he empl..'yed a unber
of woodsmen and went back to the
place of his descent to got his balloon,
which, notwithstanding its partial col
lapse from the exhaustion of gas wheti
he left it, the evening before, was found
fully eXp.ahled end soaring at the hllis
of its tether ab)ovc tihe great trno. After
great labor, being compelled to cut
down no less than sixteen trees, they
succeeded in getting the aerial mionster
to the gaound without injury. As soon
as the gas was exhausted It was packed
up and brought out of the woods, thence
by team to Big Indian htation, on the
Ulster andi Delaware Railroad, about 80
miles from this city, wvhere the Professor
arrived late at night, tiredi and hungry,
but eongratulating himself on the auu
Qessfuil termination of his trIp,