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TRI-WEEKLY EDITION. WINNSBORO, S. C.. SEPTEMBER 24, 1881. ESTABLISHED 1865. TIlE SONG OF TII. 11O114E. Pulli PulIl' PullI Over crumbling snow and the slippery lee, Over ridges sharpened by man's <device; At risk of limb and our lives' poor price, We must pull I pull I pull I Pull P'Ill Pull I No mercy shown in the piled-tp loadI No mercy spares us the whip and goad I Till we drop, worn out, on the frozen road, It Is pull I pull I pull Pull I Pull I Pull I No passenger steps from the crowded car When another rings,-though it is not far To his own doorstep;-btit we horses are To pull I pull I pu1ll I Pull I Pull?I Pull I 'l'here was a time when we all were Ill, And our masters found it was all uphill, When they had themiselves our pIaces to lili, And to pill I pill I pull I Pull I Pull I Pull I If ever tlie world turns rounud to show That man nor beast should he naite to go BI-yond his strength, then our friends will know How we pull I pull I pull! THEIR SECOND YOUTH. The Lady Annabel sat in a suall room in her father's castle, looking out of a window which overlooked a wide land scape. Her maidens were in a little group at the other end of the apartment, busi ly engaged at their embroidery, laugh ing and chatting and whispering. just as they might were they live now-for this was many years ago, and they are all dead and buried. The Lady Anna bel took no notice of them; she was thinking. At least she looked up and yawned-"Oh, I am so sleepy and thirs ty Mabel, bring me some water." Mabel obeyed-and as she received the cup again she said, "Your ladyship will not be sleepy to-morrow I" -'To morrowl What is to-morrow ?" "Does not your ladyship recollect that to-ior row is your ladyship's birthday ? and -My birthday? Oh, yes ! so it is. I had forgoten all about it. We are to have a merry time of it, I believe; but am sure I feel in no humor for merriment now. Indeed, I should like to be alone. Lay down your work, girls, for a little while, and take a stroll in the garden. When she found herself alone, the Lady Annabel walked up and down the small apartment, then stopping before the looking glass, she said--"My birth day I Am I indeed twenty-nine to-mor row ? Twenty-nine I that sounds old. It is ten years since my father came into the possession of this estate, and every one of those years have passed one just like another; I feel no older than I was then. I look no older." And she looked again into the mirror. "I am no older in any one respect. How I wish wish they would let my birthday pass by in silence, ahd not distress me by publishing to all the assembled crowd that the Lady Annabel is now twenty nin a I" Her reverie was here disturbed by the hasty entrance of her father. 'Why, what makes you look so down east, daughter? For shame ! go down and assist in the preparations for to moiTow's feast, instead of moping here. But I must not forget to tell you, I saw my neighbor L-this morning. We passed, through his grounds, and he joined our hunting party." At this the Lady Annabol's color heightened visibly. "He says he expects his son back in a few months; and he and I were sot 'tling, that as our estates touch, and as he has but one son, and I have but the daughter-; but I hear my men; they have brought home the stags--one of them has such hornas! You must come down after awhile and see them." So saying, he left her. "And Jasper is coining home," con tinued the Lady Annabel to herself ''How well do I remember the first time I saw him-it was on my birthday I was twelve year old, and although ho was just my age, I was a tall girl and he a little boy, I refuse to dance with him because he was a whole head short or than I-but is my father and his have such plans for us-" At this moment her companions re turned, and quieting their laughing countenances, sat down again to their embroidery. The next day wvas one of unusual fes tivity. By mid-day the hall was crowd ed with ladies and gentlemen of high de gree, from far and near. The music was loud, and danoing and feasting were the order of the day. The Lady Annabel, contrary to her expectation, wvas be guiled by the joy she saw on every face around her, and entered with great vi vaoity into every sport that was pro posed. No laugh so loud as hers-nio movements so full of glee. Late at night, when the guests had departed, she threw herself, flushed and excited into a large chair in her own reeom, and began to loosen the rose from her hair. So it is all over, and I have been happy, very happy, indleed I have-only the recollection that it was my birthday would intrude itself upon me, to damip my enjoyment, every nowv and then. I heard several p)eop)le ask if it were true that it was my twenty-ninth birthday they did not know it was the twenty minth. And that odious Miss What's her-name actually said I looked very wpil for that, very wvell, indeed. I should be glad, I knew, to see her look half so well, though she was, as she says, a baby when I was almost grown up. Twenty-nine I twenty-nine I Oh I I wish I was not so old I" and covering her face with her hands, she burst into tears. Lot us pass over a few months. The neighbor's long expected son has come home, and Lady Annabel is in a state of anxiety, for her heart is true to her first love, despite her twenty-nine years. Her father and his neighbor are a great deal together, looking over pal*Ors and in specting boundary lines ; but, contrary to all expectation, the neighbor's son turns out perverse, as neighbors' sons are apt to do, and begins a flirtation with a little girl of sixtoon, as poor as a rat. His father frowned-Annabel's father frowned, and Annabel-she re membercd her twenty-nino years. This state of things continued for some months, in spite of various remon strances on the part of our father, and polite speech on part of thoother. In vain title deeds were shown him-in vain the contiguous estates were talked over and walked over. Jasper re mained immovable. At last, upon be ing formally and rigorously appealed to b.v his father as to his intentions con tontions concerning Lady Annabel, he obsinately refused to enter into any on gagement with her whatsoever, alleging as a reason that she was too old to be his wife, and adding, she might be in formed of his having said so, for aught he cared. Two days after he put the finishing stroke to his disobedience by eloping with the before mentioned little girl of sixteen All this was conveyed to the Lady Annabel by her offended and indignant father. And now, indeed, -was she un happy-for she really loved this man, and knew herself to have been loved by him some years before. "Too old for him, indeed !-too old for him I God knows my love for him may be older than it was, but ii is only the stronger, the more anduring. Cruel, cruel Jasper, to cast me off thus ; and for what ?-becauso I am twenty-nine! Surely I am the same that I have always been. And he reproached me with the years that have taken away none of my beauty-; he might as well lay to my charge the age that passed before I was born. But so it was, in spite of all her grief. It was then as it is now, as it always has been and always will be-man speaks, and woman abides by it. The Lady An nabel pined, and grieved and wept in secret; and talked, and laughed and jested about the elopement in public; and for a while no one 4new that hers was a heavy-laden heart. Tears do a great deal of mischief in tho world. In the Lady Annabel's case they did a great deal. They took all the lustre from her bright eyes; they wash ed away the color from her cheeks, and rolling down they wore for themselves channels in her smooth skin, so that by her thirtieth birthday people began to say. "the Lady Annabel is very much foded"-tho Lady Annabel ta not quite so young as she was"-and one little lady, the odious little lady, as lady An nabol had called her a year ago, was heard to say-'"I did think she wore very well, but I don't think so now.- To be sure, poor thing, she is getting on pretty well." This time the Lady Annabel entreated here father to omit the usual merry-mak ing. She spent the day alone in her own room. "Thirty years old I How it distressed me a year ago to think I was twenty nine. I have no such feelings now. Jas p)or was right when he said I was too old for him. Howv would my careworn, sor rowful -face look in company with his blooming ap)pearancoe? They talked of a hall for to-night-how my heart shrank from such a thing ! I at .a ball ! No this dimly lighted room suits ino better. Jasper was right, But then, if he had still loved me, would my youth and beauty have gone so soon ?" P3erhap)s not-but they are gone, And what is left to me ? A dull, joyless life of re gret." But she wvas wrong--she was not quite as old as she thought. A few years passed away. Her violent sorrow became changed by degrees into a melancholy. and then into a gravity. They rarely saw her laugh, b)ut she was very oftenx cheer ful. She had put away her ornaments -her jewels-it is true, but her attire was alwvayti becoming and elegant. Her father's dwelling continued to be the resort of his numerous friends. She mingled with them buit seldom, and smiled when the odious little lady, now Mrs. Somebody,talked about old maids. Meanwhile Jasper was never heard of his angry father having refused to cor respond with him, lie seem to be every where forgotten, and he was-e-very where but in one p)lace. But grief will wear itself out. After a while Annabel at first listened, and then joined in the conversation of her father's guests, and found herself by degress ro turning the interest evinced for her by a country gentleman of some property in the neighborhood, ab)out ton years older than herself. She was now thirty-five. The next thing was a wedding at the hall, and no one seemed in higher spirits than the bride herself, decked in the Drnaments which had laid in their eases for five years. Annabel was young again. Let us pass over five year of nqu domestic happiness--for although her feelings toward her husbnd were very different from those called forth by her first love, still she was attached to the worthy man. Her black dress and ugly cap, no less than her slow gait aid saddened air, showed her to be a widow. Lonely and desolate since her bereavement, she has again taken up her residence with her father, and iin habits the Hane little room she formerly did. A few montis more, and her father's death increased her seclusion. She has no relation left or earth, and earnestly and bitterly does she pray that she may die, and leave this world of sorrows. Sho receives no visitors, and never ap pears abroad--only now and then, late in the afternoon, when the weather is fine, her tall, closely-veiled figure may be soon walking slowly through the shady walks about tihe castle, and the village children coming home from school pe)p at her through the hedge and whisper : "It is only the old lady taking her walk." We said visitors were never admitted there, and they were not. So much the greater then was the am priso of all tihe servants when, one day, a fino-looking, middle aged man was seen in tire large parlor in converse with their mistress ; this was repeated so often that at last it became quite a customary thing. She took no more solitary walks ; her black vail was laid aside ; her close cap again gave way to her glossy iair-glossy still, though streaked with gray. Her youth was coming back-for was not this .Jasper-the Jasper of old-her first love ? Poor Tasper ! Ire had been un happy in his marriage, and upon ris wife's death had coio hoie with his son after long years spent iik 1overty abroad. ie did not think tile Lady Annabel too old for him ji w, a > the castle was the second time il.umi iated for a mar ringe, and a second time were the jewels taken from their cases. "Jasper," said Annabel, "tire world will call us an old couple. It is true years have passed over us. We have been old, both of us, but it was sorrow that made us so, not time. Sorrow has left us now, and time has brougit us to this, our second youth. Is it not so? For, although they speak the truth when they say both of us have gray hairs, yet, if they did but see our hearts they would say thoro im youth yet in thomi as in tire day whon I would not dance with you because you were a head shorter than I, or the day when you deserted me because I was too old for you." An Affair of Honor. Duelling is a standing evil in Gerirany, where "affhirs of honor" take place more frequently, and, as a rule, lead to far graver results than in Franee. Seldou, however, has so strange and savage an en counter between two redoubtable adversa ries, each grimly bent on the other's de struction, been fought out in the Fiatlierland as that which recently came olf within the precincts of the Berlin Z sological Gardens, to the amazement and terror of its nunner ous spectators. The two huge rhinoceroses quartered in the elephant house hadt) beemn amrusing themselves for some minutes with some unusually rough play err the turf of tire enclosure surrounding three sides of that magnificent building, when suddenly they quarrelled, exchanged snorting defi ance, and, lowering their formidable horned snrouts, rushed upon one another with such fury that the larger of the two rent his op ponent's tough hide open as through it hasd been a silken jer'kin, Irimrself roiF.ng over on hris back from tire mere forc,e of the conusion. Both combatants struggled to their feet and renewed thre frght with undimrishred vigor. For seine tinme all the efforts of th.e keepers to separamn themr were In vain; but' at length tire moert, pow erful rhinocer>s, seemingly conscious tihat lhe had the best of the hirtting, turned scornfully away from ihis bleeding foe, and dlashed at tire rirn (door of the elephanm house,, wich ire succeded in udislodging fromr its eliding grooves with one imighrty thrust of iris frontal horn. Having achieved' this srnaEing feat, he trotted, gro;,ting sulkily, into his stable. Tihe oilier paciry dherm was so soverely Injured that hre could not rise fromu tire ground without assist ance. A Thriiiing AtCvont,uro. In tire early part of Miss Anna Dick inson' acareer sire met a lady in travel inig who p)roved very congenial arnd in vited her to visit her at air ologanrt residencee ini tihe suburbs of a large city. Tire invitation was accepted arid Miss D)ickinsonr, being nruch fatigued err tire evening of hrer arrival, retired early. Soon shre heard tire elashirng of chains, seemingly in tire reoom with he..r. At first she thought sire mrust be nervous anid tried to sieep, but "tired nature's sweet restorer " was wooed in vain. Soonr tire noise was heard agami and suddenily sire felt tire presence of a hrumarn being very near hier-evenr on the bed where she lay-aid also felt air icy cold chrain pressed against her. Spriinging from tihe bed sire ranr scream iirg through thre hail, whrore she was met by t-he lady whrose guest she was and fell fainting at her feet. Tire in trundor was tire inisane hrusbanid of Miss Dickinson's hrostess, who had escaped from his roorr anid keeper, anid tire chains were light chains about iris hands which wore used to keep him from injuring himself. Miss Diokinrson had not been informed thrat sucih a person existed, yet had been assigned a room in tihe same portion of tire house hre Occupied. .-G*enoral Moltke sleeps only three hours out of the twenty.four. Hernia, the Uion-Tamer. It was in the beginning of the year 1859 wlioii the famous Harsburg mena gerie came to Bucharest for the first. time. All the town was in a state of great excitement about the number and rarity of the animals, the beauty of the lions, and above all about the taner, who performed some remarkable feats of strength. Herma Dalstrem was her name ; she was a young Swede, beauti ful, distinguished, bold and inapproach. able. It is true that she was supposed to he the mistress of the owner of Mhn menagerie ; but the rich Boyards who lavished homage upon her in order to win her good graces were met only by a old politoness and a sarcastic haughti ness which drove them away. She lived with the Harsberg family at the first hotel in the town, went to the me nagerie and roturned from it in a car riage, like a lady of lugl degree, received no visits and was never seen alone either in the street or anywhere else. This vestal severity puzzled the gallants as well as the ordinary mortals, so that the Swedish lion-lamer soon became as pop ular at Bucharest. as La Catalina and Lola Montez. One iight Prince Maniasko, the spoil ed child of the ladies of Biuehiarest, who hand jut returned froin anl excursion to Paris, came to the ienagorie. He re viewed the different anlinals in conipany with sone friends, was highly amused by t:he explanations anig by the feeding, and at last stopped before the lions' enge awaiting the arrival'df the celobratod Swede with a skepticlP4inile on his lips. Suddenly a little door ppened in the back wall of the cage and ldrina appeared in the mist of frantic' applaues. She threw o' with an inhescriblable Iove nent of pride the larVe silk cloak that covered her, and adva(leed into the eago dressed in a costume of white satin bor dered with ermine, a whip in her hand tall, slender, with the noblest face in the world, to which her golden ourls and her fresh color inparted an irresistible graceo. The Prince was at once fascina ted, he followed each of her movements with feverish agitation. His heart beat when she placed her pretty head in the terrible lions' mouth, and, he trembled, half for pleasure, half for fe'ar;vhen she began to harangue the disobedient ani mias and kick and flog them. Hardly had Hernia loft the cage when the Prince ManiaskotVas bowing down before her whilo shq-Wt , her cloak with the aid of t4dgar, ifarorg"n con, a young man of remarkable beauty. She fixed her blue eyes, astonished and almost frightened, upon that ideal of a beautiful, almost feminine figure ; she did not reply to his questions proudly and coldly, but with embarrassment and with a smile of indescribable sweet ness. The Prince caie every night, and Hernia received him not only with affa bility, but she even looked for him with a rapid glance as soon as she entered the cage, and when she left it she stamped her feot if the Prince was not there to helr her on with her cloak. Bat that was all the Princo could obtain, and the more untractable she showed herself to his prayers, thme more be urged on by a diabolic desire to pos sess her. An expected rival came to his aid. Edger said to Herma one night with a trembling voice before she entered the cage, "Up till now I thought you were my father's imtress, and I have not spoken ; nowv I tell you I love you, and I iiill never consent to your lowering yourself with that Boyard who is already afianced to a princess, and who is already making sport of you." When the Prince came to see her after ti.0 p)orformlance, she said to himi in a wh1igper: "Is it true that you have a fiance ?" "It is true," lie replied.. ''but as soon as you p)lease I will p)ut an end to that tiresome romance and pirostrate myself at your feet as your slave." ''But you (do not love imc." "How must I prove that 1 love you ?" She drew herself up before hims ''Conmo an hour bofore midnight to the little menagerie," she said in a low voice and with courageous resolution.* And lhe camne ; and when ho left the mnagerie ini the ids(1t of the shades of night, two straining arms were roundic his neck, and the burning lips were pressed against his own. Soon the talk in the clubs was of no thing but the strange liaison of Mani asko with the beautiful lion-tamer, and the young Prince's father, anxious for the future of his son, hastened as much as possible his marriage wvith the Priun cens Agrafine Slobuda, to whom lie had been affianced w~hen lhe was a child. A violent scene took place0 betwcen the father anmd the son ; at last the latter yielded, andl one night lhe dlid not applear at the monagor~io. Hernma passed a night of anguish. Two evenings she again waited in vain for her lover ; then she wrote to him and received no auswver. The fourth night, as she was comning out of the cago and wrapp1inlg horself in her cloak, Edgar saidl to her :"Hlerma, shall I tell you wvhy the wretch comes no longoer ?" "Tell me," she said, in a snmothecred voice ; "I am ready for every thing." "Ho will. he married in tareo days." "You lie." "Why should I lie ?" "What is the name of his bride ?" "Prirness Agrafnn RSnonuda" "Is she pretty ?" "Beautiful, young and rich." A strident and hideous laugh escapod from Hernia's lipt4. "Will you shed a tear for me, only ele, if I die for you," said Edgar, "and if I avenge you and kill him" "No, Edgar, you must not sacrificeo yourself, not you" "Must that villain be left unpunish ed ?" "Certainly not," sh1e replied tranquil ly and firmly. "Then let me kill him," said Edgar, with trembling lips. 'No," said Herma, " leave him to mne. " Tle next day Prince Maniasko was sitting in the charming little boudoir of his bride and rolling a cigarette for her, when the princess, with a mocking smile expressed her wish to see once the cole brated lion-taimer who was so nuch ad mired by everybody. "How can such anl idea ce(.it into your head," said the Prince, and the cigarette trembled in his hands, and the yellow tobacco slipped fron between his white lingers. "I have heard so many marvels about this erson that I have taken it into imy head to be present at one of her per fornaneft ; and that, too, this evening, and in your company, Princo." When Herna entered the (age that eveniig she HIa' MaiIiasko, and at his side a ravislhing creature, who fixed lier opera glass upon her in I provoking man ner. . She felt it and started, but only for a stigle moment, and then began her feats with the honls with her acells tomed haughty cooliess. When, after a successful feat, she reclined on the back of the big lions, while the others walked ironid lier in procession, tho prineess cried loudly, ''bravo," and throwi a purse of gold into the cage. A nurniur of disapproval rose among the spectators. Herna began to tremble, aid tears flowed from her beautiful eyes; she lost entife control over herself and over the animials that surrounded her; the big lien raised his head, looked at her with astonishment, and suddenly gripped lier left arm. A cry of horror sprang from a hundred mouths, but Herma had already recovered herself ; a look and a command, and the lion loosened her arim ; she sprang up, seized the beast by the mane, placed her foot on him, and lashed him until he was cQnplotely subjected and lay docile at her feet. E3LLbAe41UU RLyPJAMUu LVua n1,MutM Of approbation reWiarded her courage. "When will the wedding take place ?" she asked of - Edgar, when she left the stage. "'Tle day after to-morrow." "Will you undertake to give him a letter yourself, and to hin in person ?" "If you command ie." 'I hog you to do so I" Hernia premsed Edgar's hand, but lie seized hers and covered it with kisses. The next morning tile lion-tamer wrote to the Prince. She wished to soo him only once niore, and begged him to conic to the menagerie at the usual hour pro misilig in return to leave Bucharest oil the (day of his wedding. Edgar gave tihe letter to the Prninco hlimself, who read it, smiled, and said : "I will come." Aln hour before midnight the Prince appeared at the little back (leor of the menagerie ; it opocned noiselessly as usual. Herman appleared, dressed in a short fur jacket, in the p)ale light of the stars and Allow. She took him by the hiand and leod him eautiously along the dark passage. As usual a second door grated on its hinlges, anId Hormna, lead inig thle Prince into thlat completely dark space, p)ut her arms aroundo his neck anod kissed him with savage tender ness. 111 1fV f 1; Then shle suddenly disap)peared1 ; the door was shlut violently, anid the Prinlce's foot touched something living whlich mloved. What was it ? Had she nlot as usual led him into her little salon ? A moment afterwards a brighlt red light appe)aredl, Heormla fixed( a torch ill a rinlg iln front of tile lion's cago, and iln the midst of tile prison, in the midst of tihe lions, was tile Prinlce. Hermna stood with her arms folded before the bars, anld fixeod the Prince coldly with her large b)lue eyes ; a diabolic smile p)layed 0on her lips. Theli Prince, with a rapid nmovemlent, tried to open the door, butt ini vainl. "Inl Heaven's name, Hernma, whlat is your inItentionl ?" "'I am celebrating myl mnarriage with you, andio my lionms anre to be thei wedi.ing guests." "'Are yell mad ?" "I am in full possess5ion of my sen1ses. You have betrayed mo. Now to work, my friends I enU (aiUm//' And she wvoke up thle sleepingl lions and excited themI with her whip, while the Prince cried for help. But hlis cries were dlrowned bmy tile winltry storm. Tihe lions, irritated anld encouraged by Hrnmna's cries, spranig upon01 him. His blood was already flowing. Ho sup)pli cated and defended himself desperately, while she, her face leaning againe4 tIlhe cold bars, feasted her eyes on hid mortal anguish. Somne time passed before tihe 11ions had finished their hlorrible work. WhIeni thle Prince lay dead on the floor of the den, thle lions slunk away frightened, and be gan to hiok their bloody paws. That very night the beautiful lion tamer disappeared from Bucharest, and has never boon ard1 of since Molther-of-pearl and Pearl Inlaykng. bMother of -pearl is chiefly obtained from the pearl oyster, which Is found in the Gulf of California, at Panama, Cubagua, Ceylon, Madagascar, Swan River, Manila, and the Socinty slinds. The black-lipped shells from Manila are most highly prized. Society Islands furnish the slippery-lipped sort, and Panamna the "bullock'' shells. The genera ifaliotus, turbo, ete.. also furnish soi mother -of-pearl. To .hnically the mother-of-pearl obtained from the pearl oyster is known as white pearl; that of l1atiotus or sea-car as aurora or car shell; It is easily distinguished from the former by its prismatic colors and wrinkled appearance. The peculiar and varied tints exhibited by mothor-of-pearl is due to the structure of its surface, which, owing to tho great multitude of iinuto grooves upon It often many thpusands to the inch-decon pose the light which falls upon it, and tellect different hues. The pearl shelalIs lamellar in structure, and admits of being split into laminie, but this inethod of dividing it Is seldom resort ed to owiag to the liability of spoiling the shell. In working up mother -af-pearl the saw file, and grindstie: are the principal tools employed. A shell is selected with a coating of the FsIbstance of a thickness as nearly as pos.nble to suit the required pur pose. Squarc or angular pic:a are cut out with a small circular or buck or fret saw to stilt. conveience, the plIece being held and ianipulated with the hand or clamped in a vise. Butto is and such uie cular pieces are cut with an annular or crown saw fixed upon a mandrel. All such tools used in cutting pearl iust be kept well moistened with water to prevent over-heating. 'Ilie pieces are usually dressed upon a grindstone, the edge and face of which are grooved or ridged to prevent clogging. 'Ilhe Stone is kept wLt when in use; for this purpose weak soap. stids is better than water adone. When the pIeces have bIen properly --haped on the stone they are dressed with putnce stone aid water. In soine cases the better plan is to have the piece of pkulice stonie shaped so as to adapt it to the form required and held in a vise while the work, held in a clamp, is revolved in contact with it on the latlic. After the tipplication of the stone ilne powdered puimice stone, free Iron coarse grit, is appled withi a cord or cloth no.stene(. with water. In tihe finial polishing rotten stone is employed. ThIlR is moistened wiih dilute sulphurle acid (1 acid, 15 Nati r) and applied with a cork. Tie acid Is said to devel,p linely the straited struc ture of the shell. In sume works it is thought necessary to use emery before the rotten -stone and to use a limpid oil in place 01 the it id. Knife aud razor handles of pearl, after having been roughed out, are drilled where the rivets are to be inserted, Ilghltly riveted together, shaped on the stone, and finished as above described, the last flnish ing toauoh oilton boing dono by Iricti,on ut the hand of ihe workman. III soic shops much of time poli'hing is done on cloLh-covered wheels, Lhe moist cloth cairying the polishing inaterials. Separate wheels are used for the different imaterials. For sonie coimmion work p, v dered chalk or Spaiish whiting is used in piace of rotten st.one. Pearl is etched by a process very similar to that used in etching copper. The de signs or patteras ard drawn upon it with abpial un varnish. and all parls not Intended to b etcned having been eimiiar ly protected, the piece Is submitled to the action of ntric aci. When the ports unprotected have peen sulliciently eaten away by the acid the piece is rinsed in cold water and the varnish washed off with a little turpentiine or benzine. Thin pieces of iother of pearl of a like pattern are usually gang cut ; that is, the thin pla5tes are glued togeuhier, then held in a claup and cat, dtrilled, and dremused as one piece, aftter which they are sepadratedl by beig throwvn into hot water, wIch separates t,he glue, in commi<i n pearl inlaid wvork, hilm or very thinm Pieces of miothmer-of-pearl are connlected to a backgro ind, usually of papier machoC or iron, by japan viarnmish. Tihme p)iate having been cleaned and dried receives a coat, of the varnish, and when tis is nearly dry the pieces of pearl, cut, out with a scissors by the artist to repre sent leaves or (designis, are pressed against, andt adhere to the varnish. The p)late ms Ihen ptit in the Japanmner's oven until the coating becomes hard. A scecond coating of varnish lat t,hen p)ut on-inmdscrimninately over tihe p)eurh and1( all-*-andt wheni this his beeni dried or hardened in the ov'en p)or tionls adhering to thme pearl pie aes are re moved with a knile lade, and the whole suirlace Is rubbed smioothi with pumlnice stone andi water. With tho aid of a little goldi size, goldi leaf, nd color, amid camn eh's-hair brush the artist then decvelop)s the design, the beauty of which depenids of conise upon his skill. Finmally the article receives a coat of clear spirit varnish. Besidles thme white anId aurora shell re lerredl to above, the glisteming green snail shell ia very frequent,ly used. It tint.s are light tand dark green, yellow, and pinik, blended. The varnished surface is .'ome tainies ornamented wvithi transterredi diaw ings or engravings. When the varaish is nearly dIry thme engraving Is spread out 1at e downtward up)on it andi carefully pressedi so as to exclude 'aIr btubbtles. After tl-.e varmish is ihoroughly dry thme paper Is well miotstenued with warm water by means of a spouge. 1t may then be rubbed off, the lines of the print reniaimng adhering to the varnish. Ea:irthquakenm(m. As a rule-not withiout, excep)tionls per hapr-4heir greatest power ant most de struictive effects are exercised upon thme miore recent, superficial and incoherent formation-cays, tertiary mnarls, andi the like, so that buildIngs upon alluvial plains, river deltas, and so forth, are more thor oughmly shattered than those on rock or solid strata. Tihe Calabriain convulsion had its full awing upon deep masris, clays, and sand beds of slhght, conshateney ; that of Isecuia was upon deep clays. Indepen dent of the site, the power of resistanee in buildings depends, of course, on the strength, goodness and massiveness of the maseonry to resist overthrow. The Quay at Lisbon, which was swallowed up, to.. gether with th-usands who had sotughit re fuge upon it, in a chasm that opened in the bed of thme Tragus, leaving no trace be Ihind, was built up~on alluvil soil, while the tipper parts of the town, standIng upon h asalt and limestone, remaiand .mi.,nr... 'E11e Holy Rock. Since the Holy Rook at Jerusalem, which occupies the centre of the area of what is popularly kn6wn as the Mosque of Omar, is after the Kaaba at Mecca, the most venerated spot connected with the Mohammedan religion, the diffloulty of obtaining a drawing of it is propor tionately great. The interior of the mosque has, I believe, never been paint ed before. Mr. Carl Haag could obtain entrance to it only by a special firman of the Sultan, granted him at the request of her Majesty the Queen, and, though constantly attended by guards, ran im minent risk of losing his life. Never be fore had any artist dared to plant his easel on the sacred spot. The painting was ibegun and completed in the mosque. Tho measurements given helow were kindly furnished by Mr. Haag, and were taken by hinself with great care. According to immemorial tradition, the Holy Rock is the threshing floor, on Mount Moriah, of Araunah, or Omar the Jeolsite chief, whiclh David bought of him for a place of sacrifice, and where Solomon afterward erected the temple. Thore is much in support of tile tri dition. The rock is the highest part of the temple platform. Throughout Syria rock plateaus of high elevation are at the present (lay selected for threshing floors; and the higher and more exposed the site the more valuable it is for the purposo, as the wind neeuful for driving oir the chaff can play upon it from a greater number of quarters. Tle lofty situation of the Sadhrahl, or Holy Rock, would lavo made it a most - valuable threshing floor. llinmediattey bllenatl it is a nat ural cave, a fact which also louds sup Port to the correctness of tie tradition, since underneath the majority of the threshing floors of Palestine are similar caves, which abound in the limestone hills of the country, and afford to tile laborers an invaluable retreat during the burning mid-day hours. In configura tion, the rock, as it juts up above the marble pavement of the mosque, is very irrogular. From north to south it meaH ures 56 feet, and from east to west 35 feet. The highest point is 6j feet above the floor. On the top of the rock,which CI only be seen by climbing upon tie railing surrounding it, it is a rough, basin-shaped hollowing, and also a hole about three foot in diameter. This com municates perpendicularly with tile cave beneath. Descending into the cave from the sothteast. corner of the mosquo, by a flight of fifteen steps, we find a cham bor 231 from north to south and 23a feet from east to west. At the end and on the two sides of the cave low stone wall have boen built of height varying irregu larly with the slope of the rock which forms tile roof. Two lamps isuspended beneath the hole already mentioned,light the cave. On the tessellated pavement of tle floor, and directly beneath the hole in tile roof, is a radiating star in various colored marbles. On tapping this the contral part, consisting of a slab of white marble, not quite perpendicular boneath the centre of the orifice above, is found to be hollow. The slab conceals the Bir-ol-Arruah, or "Well of the Spirits,"a passage said to lead out event uially inIto the valley of the Kedron. A hlypothesiH not unIreasoniable is that the hole onh the top) of the Holy Beck was mado to conduhct the blood1 of the sacrificed victims slain uplonl it ini Jewisht times down into the cavern, thence into the Bir-ol-Arruah, and eventually into the Koedron necar Siloam. If the Sak brah is really the sp)ot where the Jewish sacrifloos were offered, the Holy Place of the templol must have stood immediate ly to thle west of it, facing that side of tihe stone -whichi is to tile right and ini shadow in Mr. Haag's painting. The prom)1ise that was madoi b)y Jehovah to Solomon, "'Mine ear' shall be attent unto the prayer that is made in this place," gives the rock its present sanctity for tile Mahammedans. They guard it from the apiproach of any but Moslem, least sup lication for evil on themselves or their religion should be0 madle in stich a plae. The profound interest of the rock, if the tradition concerning it is correot. hardly needs to be dwelt eon. Mr. Haag's view is talconi fromi the northwvest p)ier of thte fottr supporting the nob1)1 dome. which rises to a height (If 100 feet, roughly estimated, and has a diametor of 66 feot. On the left in the picture can lie seen the double corridor (the innorOi corrider 23j feet wide, thle outer 13j feet) which surrounds the bulilding, anid is lighted by stained glass windows. To thto right and somewhat in the b)ack(groumnd, is seoon the small, tall b)aldachlin which stands over thte south wvest corner of the rock. For Moham medans this is the point of great interest. At this p)oint alone are they allowed th touch the holy stone. Thrtistinig their hands through a small circular opening on the wvest side of this structure, they can feel, if not sec, an indentation in the rockc. That mrark the faithful believe to halve b)en made by the foot of the Pro p)het, when, with the other foot already in the sti.rup of tihe white celestial Bleed sent to bear him hence, he for the last time p)ressedl upon the soil "of this dim spot' Which men call earth." This jealously-guarded, mysteiloit Holy Bjock, with its proud tradition, extending so far back in the pasat, is alke for the Mohammedan, Jewlah and Cbristian world, one of the zinet pro fauudly intere#ting spots he Jerusaeth