University of South Carolina Libraries
TRI-WEEKLY EDITION. -WINNSBORO, S. C.. JULY 12, 1881. ESTABLISHED 1865 THE SMOKER'S HYMN. This Indian weed nowithered quite, Though green at noon, cut down at night, Shown thy decay; All flesh Is hay, Thus think, and smoke tobacco. The pipe, so lily white and weak, Does this thy mortal state bespeak, Thou art e'en such, Gone with a touch, Thus think, and smoke tobacco. And when the smoke ascends on high, Then thou behold'st the vanity Of worldly stuff, Gone with a puff, Thus think, aud sinoke tobacco.: And when the pipe grows foul within,I Think on thy soul defiled withl sin; For then the fire It doth require, Thus think, and smoke tobacco. And see'st the ashes cast away ? Then to thyself thou mayest say, That to the dust Return thou mnust. Thus think, and smoke tobacco. And see'st the ashes cast away I Thon to thyself thou inayest say, That to the dust Return thou must, Thus think and smoke tobucco. "Uot 'Em Both." How strange it all seemed to little Wini fredI - One year ago, or, as she reckoned it, one snow-time and one. flower-time ago, she was living in Boston, and now she was in Colorado. It was a great change-this go ing from comfort and luxury to a place where comfort was hard to find, and luxury not to be thought of; where they had a log but instead of a house, and a pig in place of a poodle. But, on the whole, she en joycd it. Her father was better, and that was what they came for, because the doctor had said Colorado air would cure him. And though mother often looked tired and troubled, she certainly never used to break forth into happy bits of song when father was sick in bed, as she did now that he was able to cut down trees in the forest. Beside, who ever saw st6h beautiful blue flowers and such flaming blossoms in Bos ton I And what was the frog-pond com pared with these streams that now, in the spring-time, came rushing through the woods-silently sometimes, sometimes so noisy that if it were not for their sparkle when they passed the sunny places, and the laughing way they had of running into every chink along the banks, one would think they were angry. Yes, on the whole, Winfred liked Colorado; and so did her little brother Nat; if you had told him Boston was just around the corner, he would have started to. run there without putting on his cap. Such a little mite of a follow Nat was, and so full of sunshine I Only one thing could trouble him; and that was to be away from mother even for half an hour. There was something in mother's way of singing, mother's way of kissing hurt little heads and fingers, mother's way of putting sugar on bread, and mother's way of rock lig tired little boys, that Nat approved of most heartily. He loved his father, too, and thought him the most powerful wood cutter that ever swung an axe, though really the poor man had to stop and rest at every stroke. -44 See these two children now trudging to the little stream near by quite resolved in having a fine rocking in their father's canoe. This queer boat made of bark, and &harp at both ends, was tied to a stake. Now that the stream wap swollen and so fast, it was fine fun to sit one in each end, and get "bounced about," as Winnie said. " You get in first, because you're the lit test," holding her dress tightly away from the splashing water with one hand, and pulling the boat close to the shore with the 'other. "No, you get, in first, 'cause you're a girl. said Nat. ".I don't-need no helpin.' k I'm going to take off my toos and tockics first, ;cause mamma said I might." Nat could say shoes and stockings quite plainly when he chose, but everybody said "toos and tockles " to him; so lie looked, -.--upon-these words, and many other crooked ones, as a sort of language of Nat, which all the world .would speak if they know 'how. In at last-both of them-and a fine rocking they had. The bushes and treea threw cool shadows over the canoe, and W' the birds sang, and the blue sky pecepedi down at themi through little openings overhead, and, altogether, with the splash ing water and pleasant murmur of insects, it was almost like mother's rocking and Si ming. At first they talked aind laughed softly. T'hen they listened. Tihen they talked very little. Then listened again, lying on the rushes in the bottom of the canoe. Thlen they ceased talking and watched the branches waviug overhead, and at last they Sboth fell sound asleep. This was early in the morning. Mother was very busy in the cabin clearing away tihe breakfast dishes, sweeping the room, making beds, mixing bread, hieatin~g the oven, and doing a dozen other things. At last she took a plate of crumbs and scrapp, and went out to feed the chickens. "Winnie-Natl" sne calleti, as she steppedl out upon the rough door-stone. "Come, feed the chickens I" Then she added, in a suirprisedi way, to herself: "why, where in the worl can th'ose cil dren be ? they must have stopped. at the new clearing to see their father.". At (dinnler-time she blow the hig-tin horn that hung by the dloor, and soon her hus band caime home, hungry and tired. " Oh, you little witches I" laughed the mother, withtout looking up from her task of bread-cutting. " How could you stay' away so long from mammna-tired, Frank?'" "Yes, very. But wht do you meani Where are the youngsters?" 6 he looked up now, and instantly ex ~'claimed, in a frightened voice, as she ran (out past her -husband: "0, Frank Iil've not seen them for two or three hours I I thought to be sure they were with you. They surely' wouldn't have staidh all this time in the boat I" He followed her, and they both ran to the stream.. In an instant, the mother, hastening on ahead through the' bushes, screamett back: "0O, Frank I Frank I The boat is gone I'" All that day, the next, and the next they searched. They followed thQ streamh atid at last they found the boat--but it was empty!i In vain the father and the mother and their only neighbor wandered through the forest in every ditrection calling: " Winnie!i Winnie! Nat! INat !" in vain thn neihbors tonok the bat and nwnloreA the stream for miles; no trace could be found of the poor little creatures, who, full of life and joy, had so lately jumped into father's canoe to " have a rook." Where were they? Alas I they did not themselves Know. They only knew that they had been wakened by a great thump, and that when they had jumped out of the cqnce and started to go home, everything was different. There was no foot:path, no clearing where trees had been cut down, no sound of father's axe near by, nor of mother's song-and the stream was rushing on very angrily over its rocky bed. The canoe, which had broken loose, and, borne on by the current, floated away with them miles and miles from the stake, was wedged between two great stpnes' when they jumped out of it; but now it was gone the waters had taken. it away. After a while, in their distracted wanderings, they could not even find the strean., though it seemed to be roaring In every direction around them. Now they were in the depths of the forest, wandering about, tired, hungry, and frightened. For two nights they had cried themselves to sleep in each other's orns under the blacK trees; and as the wind moaned through the branches, Wimnie had prayed God to save them from the wolves and Indians, and little Nat had screamed, "Papa I Mammal" sobbing as If his heart would break. All they had found to cat was a few sweet red berries that grow close to the ground. Every hour the poor children grew fainter and fainter, and, at last, Nat couldn't walK at all. " I'm too tired and sick," he said, "and my feet's all tut. My toos and tockies is in the boat. 0, Winnie, Winnie!" he would cry, with a great sob, " why don't mam ma'n papa come f Oh. if mnamma'd only come and bring me some bread I" " Don't cry, dear, don't cry." Winnie would say again and again. "I'll find some more red berries sooh ; and God will show us the way home. I know he will, Only don't cry, Nat, because it takes away all my courage." "All your what I" asked Nat, looking wIldly at her as if he thought courage was something he could cat. "All my courage, Nat." And then, after searchibg l vain for more red berries, she would throw herself upon her knees and mean: "'Dear father in heaven; I can't find anything more for Nat to eat. Oh I please show us the way home I" What was that quick sound coming to ward them ? The underbrush was so thick Winnie could not see what caused It, but she held her. breath, thinking of wolves and Indians, for there were plenty of both, she knew, lurking about in those great forests. The sound ceased for a moment. Selz ing Nat in her arms. she made one more frantic -effort to find the stream; then; seeing a strange look in the poor little face when she put him down to take a better hold, shje screamed: "Nat I Nat I Don't look so! Kiss Win nie I" " Hello, there 1" shouted a voice through the underbrush, and In another instant a great @tout man came stamping and break ing his way through the bushes. "Hello, there! What on airth's up now I Ef old Joe ha'n't come .upon queer game this time. Two slek youngsters starving, too, by Josh I Here, you young uns, eat some uv this 'ere and give an ac count of yourselves." With these words, he drew from some where among the heavy folds of his hunt ing dress a couple of biscuits. The children grabbed at them frantically. "I Mold up I Not so sharp 1 he said ; ")ou must have a little at a time for an hour yet. Here, als, give me the baby, I'll feed him; and as for you, jest see that you don't more'n nibble." " Oh I give me a drink I" cried Winnie, swallowimg the cracker in two bites, and for an instant even forgetting Nat. The man pulled a canteen or fiat tin flask from his belt anid gave her a swallow of water ; then lie huastened to moisten Nat's lips and fed him crumb after crumb of .the broken biscuit. -'Another hour,'' ho muttered t'o himself, as he gently fed the boy and smoothed back the tangled yellow hair from the pale little face, "anothdr hour av'd he'd a bin past mendin'." Winnie looked up quickly. "JIs he going to (lie.?" she asked. *"Not he," said the man ; he'll come through right end up yet. H~e's got a fever' on him, but we'll soon knock that under. H~ow'd you get here, little gal?" Winnie told her story, all, the while feel ing a glad certainty at her heart that her troubles were over. The strange man car ried a gun, and lie had a pistol and an axe and a knife im his belt, H~e looked vcry fierce, too, yet she know ho would not harm her. Bhe had seen many a trapper bef're since she came to the West, and though this man looked very grand and wore a wondierful hunting 'dress all em broidered and fringea, andi a big hat and yellow leggins, she felt sure lie was the very trapper who had been at her father's cabin a few wceks before and takeb supper, and warmed himself before tiit fire, while he told wonderful stories abozat the Indians and furs, and about having n any a time hmad " fifty mile o' traps out on one stretch." She remembered, too, that her father hirA told her the next day that trappers lived by catching with traps, all sorts of wild animals, and selling their furs to the traders, and that this particular trapper had beena very successful, andi had great influ once among the Indians-one of the big men of Colorado, as he said. These thoughts running through her mind now as she told how they had been bt for three whole days and two nights, and the sight of Nat falling peacefully asleep on the trapper's shoulder, made her feel so happy that she sud~denly broke forth with, "0O, Mr. Trapper I I can run now. Lot me go right home I The stars came out one by one that night, andl winked anad blinked at a strange figure stalking through the forest. lie had a sleeping child under each arm, and carried his gun rea'dy to fire at an instant's notice. Trudging on, he muttered to himself: " Well, 01(1 Joe, you've bagged all- sorts of gtqme in this 'ere forest, tuod trapped most everythiing agoin', but you ain't never had such a rare bit o' luck as this. No wonder I stood there on the edge ot the timber-land, listentbg to .1 .didir't know what. Reckon here's a couple o' skins now'll be putty popular at one 'market 't any rate-fetch most any price you scould ,name-but I'll let 'em' go'ohdhp; all thme paylIwant for these here critters is just to enar the klanna of them oor frihtned_ hello I there's a light ! What,' ahoy I Neighbor, hello I hello I" "Got 'em both 1" he shouted as three figures, two men and a woman, came in sight through the starlight. " All right, got 'em both." The, children- are awake now. What sobs, what laughter, what broken words of love and joy fall upon the midnight air I And through all, Winnie wondering and thrilled with strange happiness, is saying to herself : "I knew God would show us the way home I" Winning a Wife at Cards. When Hazleton was first settled and laid out as the town of the middle coal field, a number of young men used to congregate in some of the shanties at Crystal Ridge and play cards for such stakes as railroads, mines,' mill horses and pretty womon. On one oocasion the boarders were playing forty-five for the servant-girl,a Wlooming maid whose name was Biddy McGee. Biddy was of course, unconscious of the fact that her fate hung ol a pack of cards, and was at the time washing dishes in the housd, when a loud guffaw caused her to [run in the shanty. "Phat's the matter' wid. yees now ?" said she,- and in a jiffy Charley McGin nis jumped to his feet and exclaimed : "Biddy, Begorra, I won you this minnit, and bate Tom Brannigan. "Did ye?" "Troth, I did, and phiat do you think iv it?" "Sure, I think you got a prize Char ley." "Are you in earnest, Biddy?" "Of corse, I am." "Vell, would you marry me I" "Troth I would, Charley." The next day there was a wedding, and Charley and his wife, who are still living' will never forget the game of forty-five played by the boarders in the shanty at Crystal Ridge twenty-six years ago. Cnning of a Fox. Some fishermen on.the west coast of Ireland were in the habit of going to a small island, a few hundred yards from the main land, in quest of bait, The island was inlhabited by a large number of rabbits, and could be reached at low tide by wading, the water there only be ing a few inches deep. One morning they went ill their boat quite early, it being high tide, and oil landing saw a dead fox lying on. the beach. The fur of the animal was all bedraggled, and he seeme'd to have been drowned. One of the men remark ing that his skin was worth something pitched him into the boat. Procuring their bait they returned to the main land, and the man who had possessed himself of the fox seized him by the tail and flung hini on the shore. As soon as the animal struck the beach he picked himself up with consi(lerable agility for I dead fox, and shot off like a flash up among the cliffs, while the men stood staring at each other in mute as tonishment. The men concluded that lie had cross over to the island during the night,when the tide was low, in search of rabbits, andl finding ill the morning thlat lie was cut off from the main land, couinterfeited death, with tile expectation of thereby procurinlg a passage to the shore in the boat, an expectation which was fully realized. B~uckinghamsihire, Eang. Perhaps 110 country in England has shared more richly ini the memories of its great and interesting personages than ?Buckinghiamshire, the p~lace of residence and burial of Lord Beaconsfield. Miltoni completed "Paradise Lost" in one of its villages; Gray, in his "Elegy," telebrat ed Stoke Pogis, and Cowper wrote in Olney. Of eminent statesmen, Bucks was onme way or other connectedl with Johnl Ham~fpden, Temple, George Gren-. ville, Lord William Russell, of the Rye house plot,. Lord John Rtussll, buried at Chenies', thle burial place of the Bedford (ducal house, and Edmund Burke, who lived at Beaconsfield. At Slough Her schel erected his telescopeO, and at Pit stone abbey Queen Elizabeth spent a good deal of her youth. In the same country are Stowe, thle splendid scat of the Duke of Buckinghanm,and the abbey of High Wycombe, belonging to Lord Garrington, and close by where the earl rests is Bradenliam house his fatheor's house, from w~hich lie (dated his election aldresses. The Oymbasiu. The doctor arrives at the hospital to make his daily visit of inspection and receives the tickets of a now patient X-musician in German band, pulmo-. nary consumption. He p~roceeds to the patient's becdside, surrounded by his admiring class. "W~ell, my good fellow,you spit blood(, "Yes, Doctor." "T~hmat'll do; we know all about it and you have cold sweats at night oh P" "Yes, sir, and "S-sh I You belong to a brass baud and you hlave over-exerted yourself, fairly blown your lungs away, puflin and blow~ing into your insetrument. Gen tlemeon, you perceive that sicknecss has no secrets for science. What instru mients do you play, "my 'gbodl man ?" "The cymbals, sir I" --The resIgnation of Uen. Melkoff has been accepted by the Emperor of Russat What I Nickel? Since the convenient five-cent coin which in common talk, is called " a nickel," has come into general circula tion, the question above is asked either mentally or orally hundreds of times every day,,and. but few get an intelligeiit answer. - i China and India, a white copper, called pack tong, has long been known, and has been extensively used both there' a4d in Europo for counter feiting silver coin. About the year 1700 a peculiar ore was discovered in the copper mines of Saxony, which had the appearance of being very rich, but in smelting it yielded no copper, and the miners called it kupfer-nickel, or falso copper. In 1754, Constadt announced the discovery of a new metal in kupfer nickel, to which he gave the name of nickel. In was in combination with arsenic, from which he could relieve it only in parts. The alloy of nickel and arsenie which ho obtained was white, brittle and very hard, and had a ielting point nearly as high as chat iron. It was not until 1823 that pure nickel was ob tained by analysis of . German silver, which lid for a number of years been produced at Sul, in Saxony. Its com position was ascertained to be copper 10 -parts, zinc 5 and nickel 4. If more nickel be used the alloy iq as white as silver and susceptible of a very high polish, blut becomes to brittle and hard to be hannered or rolled, and can be worked omly by casting. Pure nickel is a white metal which tarnishes readily in the air. Unlike silver, it is not acted on by the vapor of sulphur, .and even the strong mineral acids attraidt it but slight ly. Nickel has the hardness of iron,. and, like it, has strong magnetic prop erties, but cannot be welded and is soldered with difficulty. Pure nickel has heretofore been used chiefly for, plating, for which purpose its hardness and power to resist atmospheric influ ences admirably adapt it. Within the last year the French have succeeded in rolling the metal into plates, fron which spoons and other table furniture may be pressed. Nickel bronze which consista of equal partm of copper and nickel with a little tin, may be cast into very delicate forms, and is susceptible of a high polish. Mines of Nickel are worked at Ohatham, Conn., and Lancaster, Penn., and it is said to be found at Mine La Motto, Mo., and at several points in Colorado and New Mexico, where but little attention is paid to it.:. It is exten sively mined in Saxony and ,n Sweden, but the ate discovery of a neiy ore (a silicate f nickel) in New Caledonia -will probably suspend the use of the arsenical ores, and yet bring nickel into common use. Switzerland, in the year 1832, made a coin of German silver, which is iden tical in composition with our nickel coin. The United States made nickel cents in -1856, and eight years later coined the five-cent pieces. Belgium adopted nickel coinage in 1860 and Germany in 1873. England has lately coined pennies for Jalmaica, but at home she and France still adhere to the clumsy copper small change. The New and Old veorsionu. -A middle-aged married man of our city thought he would trim the trees in his garden one Sunday, on the sly, but while lhe was. sawing oll' a limb, his wife watching him from the window4 and tell ing him to wvait till to-morrowv, a good lady came along on her way home from church, and seeing him at work on the Sabbath (lay, was very much shocked. She called to him and wanted to know : ''Have you ever read the ten conmmand ments ?" ''Oh, yes, hundreds of times knowv 'em by heart, every one of 'em, and know I have broken thme seventh comnmandlment three or four times already to-day ad exp)ect to break it as many more times before the aun sets, for these trees and1( b~ushes have to be trimmed and I'm in b~usiess from sun up till sun down on week( days, and am too poor to lure it (lone." Th'le lady started on homec wvithmout saying another word and his wife roared out laughiing, and lie couldn't tell for thme life of him what was the~ mat ter until his wife gave himi the ten comn mandmndnta to read. He (lid so and then wanitedl to know where she got .the newly translated Bible. "'It is not thme new Bible you arc reading, but it is the 01(d oue, anmd Mrs. knows the ten commandmaents as we'll as you knowv your A B C's. Nowv what (do you sup~pose she will think of you?" Hie studied for a minute. "Well, I'm as innocent as a lamb, I am, be gosh ; but confound the seventh comimandmnent anyway,. that'i all I've- got to say, and I know veiry well the numbiers have been chainged." Tile subject was dropped, but lie knows onme of the commiandmnents now, you bet. Esqulimaux Carpentry. The builder selects sh~ow~of the proper consistency b~y' sounding a drift with a cane made for the purpose, of reindeer. horn, straightened by steaming, and worked down to aiboult half an inch ini diameter, with a ferule of walrus tusk or the tooth of a bear on the bottom. By thrusting this into the snow lie can tell whether the layers .deposited by succes sive winds are separated by bands of soft snow, which would cause the blocks to break, When the snow is.isolected he digs A pit to the depth of oighteen inches or two feet, or about thme length of the snow blouk. Hie then steps into the pit and proceeds to out out tihe blocks by first cutting down at the end of the pit andl then at thm bottom after.ardA ct ting a little channel about an inch or two deep, making the thickness of the pro posed-block. Now comes the part that requires practice to accomplish successfully. The expert will, with a few thrusta of his knife in just the right places, *split off the snow-block and lift it carefully out tQ await removal to its position on the wall. the tyro will ahnost inevitably break the block into two or three pieces utterly unfit for the use of the builder. When two men are luilding an igloo, one cuts the blocks and the other erects the wall. When sufficient blocks have been eut out to commence work with, the builder umarks with his eye or per haps draws a line with his knifo descri bing the circumference of the building, usually a circle albout ten or. twelvo feet in diameter. The first row of bl9.ks is then irrranged, the blocks placed so as to incline inward and resting against each oth-er at the ends, thus affording .mutual support. When this row is com pleted, the builder cuts aivay the first and second blocks, slanting in from the ground upward, so that the second tier, resting upon the first row, can be continued onl and around spirally, an(d by 'gradually increasing tho inward slant a perfect dome is constructed of such strength that the builder can lie flat upon the outside while chinking the interstices between the blocks. The chinking- is, however, usually done by women and children ats the building progresses, and additional protection secured' from the winds in very cold weather by banking up, with a large wooden snow-shoVel, the snow at the base often being piled to the depth of three or four feet. This makes the igloo perfectly impervious to the wind in the most tempestuous weather. When the house, is completed the builders are walleA hi. Then a small hole about two feet square is cut in the wall on the side away from whero the entrance is to Lie located and is used to pass in the lanips and .bedding. It is then walled -up and the regular door cut ajouit two feet high and niched at the top. It would bring bad luck to carry the bed ding into the igloo by the same door it would be taken out. Before the door is opened the bed is constructed of snow blocks, and made from one to three or four feet high, and occupies three-fourths' of the entire space. The higher the bed and the lower the door the warmer the igloo will be. Not a Wash. One morning an ofilcer walked an old vagrant to the Central Station, Detroit, to have his ease attended to, and lie was locked up in a cell with a inisoner ar rested at an earlier. hour. The two looked at each other pretty hard for a iinuto and then the last arrival said "My name is Stevens." "And mine is Thomas," replied the other. "Well, Thomas, what are you here for ?" "Vagrancy." "No I So'n I. I was awfully afraid you were in here for sone high-toned offence and wouldn't care for my coni panUy. H~ow's your clothes ?" "GOood I So are minle. Got anmy nmon cy ?" ''No." ''Neither have I. WVill anybody help y~ou out ?" * " 'No. " ''Splendid! We'll both go up together. Hlavo yeou had good wash this sp)rin~g ?" "'Not a ws. ''Neither have I. Hlangedl if there isn't a bond of Symplath~y between us ! What will yeou do after wo get out of the cooler ?". "'I'm goinig to tramp)." "'Are you ? That's my line exactly, and wec'll go snooks and work alternate houses ; Say, TIhomas I" "Yes I" "'We're iln luck; Ninety-times out of a hundred amid oneC of hH woulld have turn ed out to be0 a bank defaulter or an cmi bezzling clerk (whio'd have sneered at our clothing, found fault with our En glish anid wanted to wash three times a dlay. Sa~y Thomas, le't's embrace and go halves on tohaeco." T1homas being willinhg, theiy embiiraced andl muade a fair division of thle last Fish Food. The following suggestive facts are gathered from Prof. Atwater's papers before the annual meeting of the Fish cultural Association :Fish consists of waste matter anid flesh. The waste con sists of belies, skin, entrails, etc. ; the flesh of water anid two solids ; the solids are the nutritive material. .The propor tions of waste in dliferenlt ymples vary widlely :A floundei- 68 per cent., while one of halibut steak' only 18 per cent.; making the halibut the cheaper fish at a higher p~rice. The least waste is to be found in fat shad, fat mackerel, and dry anid salt fish. The p~ractical applIiention of these facts is of the utmost value. The same nutritive substance in the different samples of fish were found to vary in cost from 40 cents to 3S a pound. The high price, bear in mind, being for fish having the greatest waste. "It makes little difference," it ia added, "to the man with $5,000 a year whether he pays 40 cents . or #4 a pound for the albumenoids in food provided it suits his palate ; but to the housewife whose family must be supytorted upon $500O a year it is a mattdr of great importance,",~ ---Di& Fooma's HDAwrPu Mowcar,. Testinir MaltN for Acdity. The existence of abnormal 'acidit.y In malt iS not only injuri6s in itself, bItt this very exces, of acidity undoubtedly hastens clanlge in the resulting wort and beer, which tend to their Ultimate destructi, as drinkable fluids. 'From the conhnounenm ent of the malting sea son till the nwarmer weather of spring sets in, the development of acidity' in malta4 proceeds but slowly, but after April, and especially in malts which have been stored for some time, the anm6unt of acidity will be found to have increased. To determine with accuracy tie atlsolite quantity of ticid ill a sample of malt is an operation atteided with moiie difficulty, and requires the skill and appliances of a practical chemist ;'hut a valuable com partitive test for acidity can he made by any brewer with but few appliances4, and with Ibut little lkowledge of chemical manipulation. We say comparative teAt ill contradistinction to an absolute test, because the former will really give the brewer all the information he I equires he wants to comparo 0o malt With another, and he is generally able to fix his own standard of excellence. T1hore fore in testing malts for acidity (and the remark applies equally to othergiuatlities) all that is necessary for the bTower to do is to subnit. them all to precisely the sam1e1 treatment. Two iifsions of the nallt are prepared, one with cold water ant1d the other at the average ma.shing temperature, say 160 deg. Fall, ; till stmples to be tWsted must he0 treated in exactly the sinme manner tia regards quali ties, tille, aid temperature, and th'ey are then palssed through a filter paper, 1and tile aiidity determined in each by meIs1 of a standard alkaline solution, using delicate litmus papers as the indi cator. It is not well to operate upon too 5m11 a1 quantity, and ill practice 1,000 grammes to a liter of water will be found .colvenient. Every sample of malt uiust be cruslled to the stale state of fineness, ind fo' this urlillpose anll ordinary coffee mill answers admirably. The water used ill making the infusions should be pure distilled water, unless i water (if very contstant composition, such as is sipplied to London. is at hand. The standard alkaline solution is best lade with ammonia, and can lbe of any desired strength, but of course very di lute ; it may he titrated so thlat every cubic centimeter corresponds to 0-01 per cent. of lactic acidbut any other strength will do equally well, ag the tests wve sug gest are only for the purpose of comhiar ing samples of malt one with another. Tile acidity -of the cold infusion gives the actual aliollut of acid existing inl the nilt, but that. of the hot. infusion gives, in addition, the amount of acid developed during the mshliing. process. From the experience dorived ill the examination of 111111y hlunldred samnlples of malt, wo are able to assert that the presence of an ex eessive am1oun11t, of acidity ,il tile hot in fusion is an almost sure sign of umsound nes in the malt. The diftferenco ill the tcidities of the cold and hot infusions ought Iever to exceed one-fimlrth of tile acidity of the cold infusion ; thus, su1p posing a malt gives at cold intfusion re Cluirin~g 20 cubic centimleters of the stI1ada'd so luntionl to exactly neultralizo it, the hot infusion ou~ght not to require more thani 25 c. c. This method of conm paraltive testing may also be exteiided to thte color and gralvity of thle resulitintg wVorta4, and. muchl usefiul information as5 to the <iality oaf thle malt cant tihus be Everybody knows thlat trees take the cairblonic aicid thlrown out inl tile breath of men and animals, separate it in~to cIompjonenlt patrtsetcarbon anld oxygen give back thte latter to be used over agauil ; and w arik up the former into wood and1( fruits. It is also coming to be generally under stoodl thlat forest trees doi ihportaint ser vice in promnotin~g rainf ails, and ini help ing to retaini tile surfaice waiter for sp)rinlgs, streams and general use. It is also known thlat certain spe'cies planted ill malarial localities, 1help to render the latter hlealthty by somtehow using up the deadly miaiSmal. It would no0w aippear thatt trees grow hag near dirains carry off' the sewerage water. A genltlemnan, whlosCe css-drain was conistructed just like his neighbor's and in tile same kind of soil, had found it unnecessary to clean it out, wile tile otheors hlad to be cletaned out frequently. An dxam~linationi showed thttit thlree large trees, whlose roots hlad penetrated into the v'icinity of is seconld, or walste cess-p)ool, were clearly chlannlels thlroughl vwic theO wasIte all escaped. Whlether it was chainged into liant food, as is likely, or was exhatledi through thle leaves, inl either case it wvas disposed of with equal fgaifety. .P~ aatnd.W,. In alehuousos, in ancien~t tinrea chlalk "sacores " were marked upon the wall, pr behlind tho' door of the tap-room. It was customary to put the initiails "P" and " Q" at tfie head of every'mian's ac count to show the number of' pintts and~ quarts for whlioh lhe was ill, arrears. Wheon a person~ was indulging 'too freely in his5 potations a friend would oxolaimn, pointing to the chalk' score, -" Mfind your P's and Q's." In thtis way.- originated the old sainqii FOOD FOR THOUGHT. There is no charity in helping a man who will not help himself. Compliments are often nothing more than gilt-edged falsehoods. . We seduce ourselves into downright lying by slight provocations. . The man who feels certain that he will not succeed is seldopi mistaken. He who is ashamed of his poverty will surely 'he arrogant of l1iH wealth. Humility is the safest foundation to build any kind of superstricture oil. OatlHs are straws, men's faiths are wafer cakes, and holdfast is the only dog. He who has filled the measure of his days has only- learned how to-begin to lve. Some men seem constantly turning an intefilu griiidstone to keep thei- anger Many have blown into the trnup of fame, but few have filled' ii so that it sounded. The boy whose highest ambition it is to equal his father, seldom amounts to anything. Most of the .luIappiness in this life comes from nyt knowing the true value of things. It takes two to, make a quarrel and two to keep it going ; it only needs one to end it. :. It is' not the niany oaths~ that make the trutli, but the plain single vow that is vowed true. Let no. man-presume to give good ad vice to others .tl.tt hats not first given good conisel to himself. . No o - believes that ie ettn mystify his mind ; but every one imagines that he dan gull his ponscienco. How in it ponsible to expect that mail kind will take advice when they will not sio iich as take warning ? Youth is the spring for planting the seed of knowledge ; age' tle autun for watching them ripen into wisdom. Good qualities are the substantial ricLhes of the mind ; but it is good breed ing that sets them off to advantage. The hapl)l)iest lot for a. man, as far as birth is concerned, is tlat it should give him imut little occasion to thitik much abo(unt it. Bad habits are the thistles of the heart, and every indulgence of them is a seed from whichl will spring a new crop of weeds. 'A lie will die from neglect sooner than in any other way. The only reason wiy some lies grow so large is that everybody pots and feeds theim. Childhood often holds a truth with its feeble fingers, which the grasp of man hood cannot. retaiin, which it is the prido of utmost age to recover. A man who does manly work, in the world is 'respected, .but he who trifles away his time with toys receives tile world's contemiptuous smilet . 'lie patriot ik he who obeys his coun try's laws, and if they are oppressive and uijust strives earnestly and within the proper limits to rectify them. Old age is the ilight of life, as night is the Old age of the diy. Still, night is full of magnificence, and, for many, it is nmore brilliant than the (lay. Falsehood, like poison, will generally be rejected when ad imistered alone, but when blended with wholesome ingredi ents may be swallowed unperceived. Worldly faces never look so worldly as at a, funeral. They have the same e1Ieet oif grating inconlgruity an the sound of a coatrse voice breaking the stillnless of night. Truth, thley say, lies at thme bottom of a wiell. That is reason eniough whly so few of us are alcqualinted withm her. Few like to~ enltrulstb,hemselves to the bucket Surely thiat p)1eehming Sybib:anos from the soul most works on the4 A~l. The divinlity of charity Consists in re lieving a lman's nieeds before they aro forced upon01 us. There is among men such ilntense af.. fectation that they bften boast of defects whlich thmey hlave niot, mocre willingly thanu of qualities which they have. GEOnoE SAND. Th'le wise onmes say -that nothing is so hafrd to bear as prosperity ; but most men would like to . engage mn some hard wvork oif that dlescrip~tionl, just to have a p~ractical illustration of tihe adage. Th'ie last, best fruit, wvhich comes late to perfection, even in the kindliest soul, is tenderness toward.,tho hard, forbear anice towar'd thle unforbearing, warmith of heart toward tihe misanthlrop)ic, Be nlot diverted fronm your duty by an~y idle reflections tile silly world may maiike upon0 you, for their censunres are not inl your power, and consequently should not be0 anyl part of your concern. Lover, daughter, sister, wife, mother, grandmlother-inl those six words lie gybat thc hmumanl hegirt conltains of thle sweetest, the most ecstatic, the mlost sacred, tihe purlest an~d the most inefra You find yourself refreshed b~y thle p~resencee of cheerful personls. Whly nlot mnake earlnest effort to colnfer thmat leas uro on others ? You will find half the bafttle is galined if yell never say any thing gloomny. Unselfish and1( noble1 acts are t~lm most radiant ep)ochs ill tihe biograph)ly of souls. Whem wroulght ill earliest youth they lie inl the memnory of age like coral islanlds, greenl and1( sunny, amlidst the mnelanchloly waste of oceanll. All injury unalnwered in -thnoe grows wearly-of itself and (lies away ill an1 ill volunItary remorse. In bad disp~ositionsl, cap~able of no restrainlt b~ut fear, it 1has a dliffer'ent effect-the silenlt digestion of 0o10 wrong p~rovokes, a second. Homes are like harps, of whichl 01ne is finely carved and bright with gilding hut ill-tuned and1( jarring the air with its dis cords'; whlie aniother' is -old and1 plainl and worn, but from its chlords float strainls that are a feast of music. Give not thy tongue too great a liberty, lest it take the~e prisoner. -A word un spoken is like a sword 'in a scabbard thino ; if vented, thly sivord is in another's hand. If thlou Pesire to be held wise, be so wise as to hold thy tongue,