The Barnwell people-sentinel. (Barnwell, S.C.) 1925-current, August 26, 1937, Image 7
Bare#«ll Ptopto-SwUMl EftfwIL R. C, T\nrwimj. Ai
21 in?
WHAT’S BEHIND THE WAR IN CHINA
Way Back When
Japanese Seek New Wealth They Failed to Find in Manchukuo;
Chinese Are Not Yet Ready for Unified Resistance.
By JEANNE
IN THE KEYSTONE STATE
SCIENTIST WAS BORN IN
SLAVERY
WM
;a«SS!;
LJ IS master traded a broken-down
Ai race horse, worth about $300,
for George Washington Carver
when he was a little pickaninny
just before the Civil war. Today,
h~ is the pride of the negro race.
A worn-out speller was the only
education available to him until he
was ten years old, when he attended
a small school in Neosho, Mo. He
-slept in a barn there and did odd
outer
Mongolia"
A
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SUIVUAN
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Vlac/i
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^^MANcfn
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UKW
t JEHOL
\
JAPAN i
iHlketthi
.s'
.•r CHIHLI
So*
tfooj
Ipngioo
TyrtioW itKi
jobs to earn a living while learn
ing. The young negro boy’s v thirst
for knowledge grew, and he went
on to finish his elementary school
education in Fort Scott, Kan., where
he worked as a hotel cook, a dish
washer, and a housekeeper. Later
he bent over wash tubs night after
night doing laundry for people, to
pay his way through high school. He
worked as a hotel clerk for awhile
and then entered Simpson college
at Indianola, Iowa, where he earned
his tuition by doing odd jobs.
Three years later, George Wash
ington Carver went ot to Iowa State
university, graduating with a de
gree in agriculture. In two more
Site of America's First 00 WelL
The Things That Last Are All
in Pennsylvania
Kipling
flan kin j °
Me
Circled on the map above are the five North China provinces which may be the next step in Japanese expansion.
By WILLIAM C. UTLEY
APAN is an ambitious nation and a needy one. Her ambition
J is the governmental and economic leadership of Asia, or at
least eastern Asia. Her needs are territory for an ever-ex
panding population, raw materials that her own islands can
not produce in sufficient quantity, markets for her manufactured
goods and adequate defense against her enemies.
This is why you rood ovory few»- 1 ■ ■
years—or even every few months—
of a new war scare m North Chins.
Sometimes it is not merely a scare,
but an actual war. even as today,
whether war has been ofActally
••declared” or not.
Always upon the Chinese who op
pose her gradual expansion. Japan
wreaks a vengeance which to us
across the Pacdk often seems all
out of proportion to the *'aggres
sion” committed by opposing her.
But after each of these retributions
at m found, when the smoke and
flames clear away, la have as
sumed domination or even actual
e’Nntrol over one more piece of ter-
•Mary.
Just how muck more her Influ
ence will be extended after the
present conflict has died out It to
impose .hie ta say Indeed, that may
depend upon the degree of oppo
sition she meets. If the Chinese
national government at Nanking,
under the dictatorship of Gen. Chh
ang Kai-shek, decides to let the
twenty-ninth army carry the mam
burden of defense. Japan anil prob
ably emerge with nothing more
than an extension of control to cov-
or the Peipmg-Tiontaia area and
part of the province of Chahar. If.
however, a China now more united
than at any lima since the down
fall of the Manchu dynasty decides
to coma en masse to the aid of the
twenty-ninth army. Japan may at
tempt to punish China to terrible
degree. Successful in this. Japan
would probably extend her domi
nance throughout all the five north
ern provinces and virtually all of
China south of the Yellow river
valley.
Japaa's Westward March.
If Chtang Kai-ahek does throw the
full strength of China at Japan, it
will be a fight to the death. For
tha Japanese are full of that
strange oriental pride which per
mits no lost of prestige. They will
fight China to the bitter end be
fore they will submit to a compro-
mue en their demands. “Death be
fore dishonor!" is more than a slo
gan with them. It is a law of na
ture as inexorable as the law of
gravity.
The fighting in North China to
day is but another step in Japan’s
westward march. Earlier steps
were those which resulted in con
trol, tantamount to annexation,
over the Chinese provinces of Man
churia and Jehol. For a short time
after those steps were taken Japan
marked time, strengthening her
hold upon these provinces, and
fortifying her front against Russia,
the eternal enemy.
Manchukuo was supposed to open
up vast, new and desirable hori
zons. Japan’s population of 70,000,-
000 was growing at the rate of
1,000,000 a year; her people needed
more room and more raw mate
rials. Since 1931 she has poured in
vestment*. totaling 1,400,000,000 yen
into the puppet state. Some re
sults were forthcoming—soy beans
end kaolaiang, chemicals, slight in
creases in iron ore and coal, and
a good increase in oil shale—but
these fell far short of Nippon’s
hopes.
Manchukuo was supposed to open
up a great new market for Japa
nese manufactured goods; but the
increase in exports to the United
States for 1933 over 1934 waa equal
to one-third of the total exporta to
Japanese colonists Manchukuo was
pretty much of a flop; less than
23C.0U0 Japanese Uva there today.
It was apparent that Japan could
not. In pursuing her hegemonic pol
icy, continue marking time for very
long. In North China wore larger
fields for her exports; la addition,
the area was that much closer to
the greet market of China proper.
So the Japeneee began to cast cov
etous eyas upon Hopei, which m-
chades the cttiee of Petping and
Tientsin. Chahar. which bee be
tween Mongolia and Manchukuo;
Sul yuan, Shanal and Shantung
They penetrated (peacefully, to bo
eure) through Hopei end Chahar,
until these teas became practically
•elf governing states.
Ajm^Japanese Spir* Grows.
In Hopei’s eastern countries. Jap
anese influence bloeeomsd Into a
virtual protectorate But when It
reached a certain pomt Japan’s
peaceful invasion was halted. With
the rise of Chtang Kai-shek, the
Chinese were developing a
unity, although they wars not near
ly so unified as our states are. for
instance Yet the anti-Japanese
spirit waa becoming more wide
spread and more open. It prob
ably culminated in the skirmish be
tween Chinese and Japanese at
Marco Polo bridge, the incident
which gave rise to the present
grave crisis.
It Is assumed by many observers
In the Far East that the Incident
was seised upon by Nippon as an
excuse for further Japanese Inva
sion on the prytext of retaliation,
which would extend Japanese con
trol over the five North China
states and even to the south, even
tually. Others contend that Japan's
immediate objective is the strength
ening of her grip on Hopei and
Chahar.
Yet it cannot be overlooked that
the other three provinces hold rich
prizes for Toyyo. Shansi contains
more than half of all the coal in
China; the other northern provinces
are capable of great cotton produc
tion for Japanese industries and
for the manufacture of gunpowder,
so essential to a militant nation.
Japan once imported the bulk of the
cotton crop of China, which is third
in the world’s production; but Chi
na began to restrict her cotton
exports to Japan and left the latter
in a bad way.
Suiyan and Chahar are extremely
important to Japan’s military
strategy, for they would act as an
efficient buffer along the left flank
of her Asiatic front, greatly
strengthening her position on the
mainland.
On the other side of these prov-
4nces lies Sovietized Mongolia. The
terrain of Suiyuan and Chahar,
partly included in the Gobi desert,
is wild and difficult, and without
satisfactory transportation facili
ties. It would take only a small,
well-trained Japanese army to pre
vent penetration by the Russians
and to prevent the spread of com
munism. Further, the Japanese, in
possession of these two provinces,
could then put an end to their use
as a base for communist guerilla
warfare against Manchukuo and Je-
hoL
Railroads Key to CootroL
On the peninsqla of Shantung are
the rich Yellow river valley and
Tsingtao. With Hopei and Shansi,
Shantung forms the transportation
center of North China. In posses
sion of tho peninsula Japan would
be in a position to control tho Gulf
of Chihli and tho Yellow sea.
Key to domination of China Is Ha
railroad system. Who controls tho
railroads con control tho territory
they servo. It may bo seen upon
tho accompanying mop how tho
railroads of North China rod is to
from tho area about Peiping and
Tientsin. Once Japan is in ro
pleto control of this area her influ
ence could follow tho rolls to tho
Important city of Kalgon In Chahar,
and from there to Paotow In SuL
yuan; Into tho south west over tho
Pstptng-Hankow railway to Shib-
tuochiong and soutf.avw Hopei, and
to Taiyuan In Shanal; southward
from Tientsin to Tsaagchow and
•cross tho Yallow rtver to Taman,
thence southward sgata to Nan
king itself and eastward to tho port
of Tamguo These railroodo. to ad
dition to one across Hopot from
Tsang chow to Shthkiochtoag which
tho Japoneoo wish to build If they
con get the perm laaioo of China,
•ro ct tremendous military impor
tance.
From tho Latest dispatches It ap
pears Japan lo to control of tho all*
important ttoo between Tientsin
and Peiping, although M It a pro-
carious sort of control, with tho
Chineso twenty-ninth army con
stantly threatening to attack. An-
tually. during tho early days of tho
present crisis, tho Chineso did press
o drive along this railroad, cap
turing thrso key stations, only td
i thorn again oftor a brief ten
ure.
Lhihouchlao. tho railroad Junc
tion south of Potping which controls
tho Poiping-Hankow railroad routo.
Is also vital to Japanese hegem
ony; It was tho scene of ooo of the
early battles.
As this Is being written Gen.
Chtang Kai-shek is faced with a de
cision that China haa had to mako
again and again sines tho Japa
nese awakened to tho necessity for
expansion. Shall ho declare open
warfare against Japan, or shall his
national government continue to
make feeble protests while the lo
cal troops of the North defend their
country—ineffectively, as they are
wont to doT
Japanese Better Equipped.
China is more united today than
it has been for many years in the
past; indeed the very bond of unity
i been the common feeling of
%
years be woo Ms Master of Jr tones
degree, and waa mado a member of
(he faculty, so impressive were hto
la agricultural
la MB?, be took chart •
of tho agricultural department at
Ttwkegeo Institute, k
loading negro university
Tho coatrtbuttoo
tngtoo Carver has
hire of the South ors
Ho ww
PrnwrHbrNxtfeMilGcorraptiic Society, i leghenies, of Horace Greeley's Uto-
Waihioftoo, d. c.—wnu Sereica. pia. or of the French settlement af
A FTER having visited the six- Asylum?
l ty-seven counties of Penn- Likewise, everyone knows somo-
sylvania, trod the streets of all thing of the oil romances of Tituo-
its teeming cities, gazed on its I ville and Oil City, but how few know
ui 8 . • ’ b conntprprl °* rejuvenation methods in tho
noble mountains, sauntered Bradford fl c id now in full soring!
through all its glorious nigh- tjj, gtory of Oto BuM’s hopless od-
land valleys, motored along all venture in the heart of the Big
its fine rivers, traveled through Woods, where the Viking virtuooo
its dense, young forests, in- dreamed his dream of "a new Nor-
sp r' d rj'r t ss ts
and studied its amazing Indus- tvctcd ^ ^ union’s mighty flag,"
tries, it becomes easy to under- | i* one that stirs the heart of every
stand how Kipling, after a
transcontinental trip, could
orrite:
‘They are there, there with earth
immortal
(Citizens. I give yon
admirer of the artist.
During his concert tours through
the South. Ole Bull hod
many of hto countryme
to acclimate
areas than tho lends ef
he things that truly last
•nd time have
They are all hi
**
heart of Market
lo
Later,
mere tally
•gnrulturoi
Met
into Carver esefle M
, from the sweet potato IIS.
A F-'ttt— once invited Mm to work
with hen. hut ae preferred to con
centrate en problems ef oouthere
! agriculture.
ta eddtuon to hto prominence hi
science. George Washington Carver
' Is ee accomplished musician
• • •
•tar rrrctiRR was a
tha hto- y
o»d tho
Mcvhukuo. As a new home for I the ports of Chefoo, Wcihalwci sad
HERMAN (DIZZY)
DEAN waa bora to Lucaa. Ark..
I la 1911. ton af a poor cotton pick
er. ha waa forced to quit school
erheo he roe chad the four Ji gredo.
because tho family waa ao poor that
the 10 cents a day ha could earn to
the cotton Aelda waa a
nder-nourished, poorly
and uneducated, ae he eras. Dizzy
Dean always bad confidence in him-
Perhape that explains why he
was able to develop what small ad
vantages circumstances to life aL
him. and develop them to
championship quality. Confidence
and a strong right arm hardened in
iia:
indignation over the encroachment
of the Land of the Rising Sun.
There are many demands for war
pouring into Nanking from the prov
inces. But the feeling is generally
that the time has not yet come
for general and unified - effort to
throw out the invaders.
Local Chinese forces in Hopei and
Chahar are not equal to the task
of repulsing the Japanese, even
though every last man is ready to
lay down his life. The twenty-
ninth army is fairly well equipped,
but hordes of the provincial troops
have only long swords with which
to battle airplane bombers, artil
lery, tanks and machine guns. Tho
Japanese are ready to make war
with the finest modern parapher
nalia, and there are plenty of troops
ready for replacements. Chiang’s
only hope, if he should declare war,
would be to dispatch the national
government’s best troops to the
North China front and defeat the
Japanese with sheer power of num
bers—for he could outnumber them
two to one, and better.
Probably he will decide to let tho
Japanese have what they want, just
as they took what they wanted ia
Manchuria and Jehol.
a Wsstara N
m
the cotton fields were Dizzy's equip
ment for facing life.
He learned to throw a baseball
with amazing speed and control.
In 1929, he was signed up by Don
Curtiss, scout for the Cardinals'
Texas league. The salary was com
paratively small, but it looked like
a fortune to the former cotton pick-
Whoro the commerce af Philadel
phia throbs. William
Bsc jam m Fraaklto
philosophized; the Derlarotlee of la-
deeeedeiice had tta birth; and I
lederol Constitution was crested.
Where Broddech fought and «
fatally pound id now lives • toe
tog population, and hard by i
some of tho principal
plants ef the world. The
Thompson Stool mills, the
house Electric, and scores of
stand on ground that was
earshot of tho fatafui bottle; and R
to stated that a h
mevee wtthia twelve miles ef Br
deck's field than hi any ether m
at He size.
Vast ladeetriee Are There.
The coal that comae down the
Monongahela; the ore that
from tho Great Lakes; the Iron and
stool fabricated in the Pittsburgh
district’s scores of mighty planta;
all the commodities bound oast and
west and north and south by rail
end river—all these, the most con
centrated tonnage in the world, paaa
by or within a dozen miles of the
spot where the hostile savage
turned back the English forces.
On the Ohio between Economy
and Baden, where Dam No. 4
stretches across tha river, Is ths
vast plant of the Byers company,
manufacturers of wrought iron. In
front of the plant offices la s marker
which proclaims the site of Logs-
town, whers Georgs Washington,
carrying the greatest "message to
Garcia" of all our history, negotiat
ed andtbargained with the Half King
and his confreres for an escort to
Fort Le Bouef.
Across the bridge, a stone’s throw
down the highway, is a smaller
marker proclaiming the site where
Gen. Anthony Wayne had his win
ter camp.
In signt across the river is the
factory-studded area where Queen
Aliquippa had her cornfields.
Here where Indian conferences
created tribal agreements and
wampus belts sealed bargains be
tween redskins and paleface, giant
furnaces and mills now mix slag
and purified iron and produce more
Kettle
la the
of Ole
of hto cua-
tho frolic Of
tho
day ao eito
er. After training in Houston, he
was shipped to St. Joseph, Mo., I than’half of the nation’s wrought-
where his confidence and fast pitch- | iron pipe.
ing won 17 games. Transferred to
Houston, he developed rapidly and
soon became star pitcher for the
St. Louis Cardinals. Meantime, his
brother Paul, or "Daffy,” also won
a pitching berth on the Cardinals’.
Dizzy was always the more spec
tacular, the higher paid, and the
more widely publicized. He haa
endorsed ipany advertised products,
made a motion picture, appeared in
vaudeville, and spoken over the ra
dio. His recent earnings have been
140,000 or more per year.
B—WKV Sanhcs.
Almost Forgotten Romance.
Everybody knows the stories of
Gettysburg and Valley Forge, but
how many know the story of Ole
Bull and his castle in the wilds of
the big woods of the Kettle creek
country? Every travel folder and
historical map tell of the chief
points of interest in Philadelphia,
Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Erie,
but who hears of the birth and boy
hood days of Robert E. Peary spent
at Cresson, of Prince Gallitzin’s su
perb work in the heart of the Al-
hamtot of
remaiae ef the «
he hears Kettle
All went weU with thto
way of America until <
when Ole Bull waa
aome friends la hto castle. A mes
senger rode up and carried a notice
from the actual owner of the prop
erty. The men who had sold R to
him had no title. The real owner
waa a Philadelphia merchant.
For five years Ole Bull fought a
losing battle In the courts against
those who had sold him land they
did not own, earning the coots of
his suit by his concerto. In the end
he got small damagaa. But mean
while the colony had perished.
Prince GaDHsia’s Mission.
In tho heart of the Alleghenies,
high above Johnstown and Altoona,
there are markers, memorials, and
institutions which preserve tha
memory of a prince who elected to
become a pauper in order to terra
the cause of Christ and to carry
His message of benevolence and
brotherly kindness to the humble
mountain folk of the region. Princa
Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin was
born in Holland in 1770. Hia father
was Russian ambassador to tha
Netherlands and his mother tha
daughter of a field marshal of Fred
erick the Great.
At the age of seventeen he picked
up a Bible in a bookstore and be
gan to study it, with the result that
he became a convert of tha Church.
Later his father sent him to Amer
ica for a season of travel. Once
here he decided to spend a season's
theological studies in Baltimore.
Then, after ordination in 1799, ha
started out as a traveling mission
ary. Erecting a log church on tha
west slope of the Alleghenies, ha
traveled far and wide, visiting
homes where bare floors wars his
bad, his saddle a pillow, and his
food the coarsest mountain fare.
Prince Gallitzin lost his aO. His
isther left what was to have bean
his patrimony to his sister. But ha
used the money his mother gave
him for his mountain miasta
and at Loretto that work
carried oo in the
schools, and churches ha