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•mmmmmmm" n ■ ■■ i i — : ’ News Review of Current Events the World TN THE highly dramatized trial at 1 Bruno Hauptmann for the kidnap* ir]. h & l I mm m m,' '5 Supreme Court Takes Up Gold Clause Abrogation Senate Committee Favors World Court Adherence— Congress Gets the Budget. By EDWARD W. PICKARD C by WMUrn N*w«p«per Union. Attornay Gen eral Cumir.inga U AVINO given the New Deal a slight gwat by holding the petroleum control feature of the NIKA uncon stitutional, the Supreme Court moved rapidly toward a judgment as to the legality of the abro gation of gold pay ments. Several cases challenging this act were lumped and oral arguments were heard. This being a matter of vast Im portance, Involving $100,000,000,000, At torney General Homer S. Cummings himself appeared to present the case for the government. Mr. «/uuiiiiiii|;b ts nil CXCtflIPDI InWyer, Dill not much can be said In praise of the legal abilities of most of the men whom the exigencies of politics have shoved into his office In Washington. So prob ably he was wise to handle this matter, himself. Cummings defended the constitu tional authority of the President and congress to adopt the present mone tary policy as Inherently the right of the government to preserve Itself. Id an argument distinguished for oratorical display as well as for Its legal aspects, Cummings said an ad verse decision by the court would: 1. Increase the public and private debt of the nation by $00,000,000,000. 2. Create a special class that would be beyond the pale of the general financial structure, a class composed of those holding .bo.nds demanding pay ment In gold. 3. Reduce the balance In the United States treasury $2„*»00.000,000. 4. Add $17,000,000,000 to the pub lic debt and Increase the Interest charge on this debt alone by $2,. r »00,- 000,000 a year. The latter sum alone, Cummings said, Is equal to twice the value of the 1934 wheat and cotton crop. The attorney general referred to the troubled state of the country In the spring of 1933 and added, “I contend and shall show that the congress and the President of the United States act ed reasonably in a period of very great difficulties and that their acts were not the product of caprice." — From the questions asked by the justices, observers gained the impres sion that there was a sharp division of opinion among them; of Industry and regimentation of Amer ican life. In the first plank of Its platform the league pledged Itself “to preserve American institutions which safeguard to citizens in all walks of life the right to liberty and pursuit of happi ness" and at the same time "to combat the growth of bureaucracy, the spread of monopoly, the socialization of In dustry, and the regimentation of Amer ican life.” Invasion of the l&w ihaklhg and law luterpictlng functions by New Deal ad ministrators was also rapped by the league la promising "to uphold the American principle that laws be made only the direct representatives of the peoiile In the congress, and that the laws be interpreted only by the - wt* lira. Other points in the 10-point declara tion of policy pledged the league to fight for government economy, a sound federal fiscal policy, a stable currency, protection for investors, and individual liberties. York was on his way borne from Eu rope bringing relatives of the late Isa- dore FIsch to testify for the state. Hauptmann claimed in his defense that the ransom money found in his pos session was given to him by Fisch, • business associate in New York. Fisch later returned to his home in Ger- nmnv whprp> B ECAUSE work relief must be car- CENATOR JOSEPH T. ROBINSON, ^ majority leader of the senate, be ing Informed that the foreign rela tions committee had voted 14 to 7 in fayor of the project for American ad herence to the World court, said he would bring the resolution up on the floor of the senate as soon as pos sible. However he recognized the sentiment against It was strong and would not predict the outcome of the fight. The new resolution as approved by the committee Is slightly altered to meet the objections of other nations to what is kpown as reservation five. Mr. Robinson said: "The legal Import and effect of res ervation five has been preserved in full. It is provided that discussions may take place under the Root pro tocol, but In the end the court may not entertain over the objection of the United States any request for an advisory opinion on any dispute or question In which the United States has or claims an interest.” Of the Democrats on the committee Senators Lewis and Murray voted against the resolution; Republicans who favored it were Yundenberg and Capper. ried on the federal budget will not be balanced for the coming fiscal year, and probably not for several years thereafter. In present ing the budget to con gress, President Roose velt admitted this, but without qualms. He estimated $8,52U,UU0,- 000 as the amount of money necessary to carry on the govern ment’s activities for the 1936 fiscal year be ginning July 1 next The expenses for the current year, partly estimated, are $8,581,- ing and murder of the Lindbergh baby the state continued to weave a strong net of circumstantial evidence around | the defendant Lindbergh first identi fied his voice as that of the man who received the ransom; next was Aman das Hochmuth, eighty-seven-year-old man who told of seeing Hauptmann driving a “dirty-green” car with a lad der in It into-the Lindbergh lane March L 1932, the day of the kldnaping. Then John Perrone, Bronx taxi driver. Identi fied him as the man who paid him $1 to deliver a ransom note to "Jafsle.” “Jafsie,” otherwise, Dr. John Con don, the aged Bronx educator who un dertook the negotiations with the kid naper, next went on the stand, and In his garrulous way Identified Bruno as the man with whom he dealt and to whom be handed the $50,000 ransom money.-' His long and somewhat ram bling story was bitterly assailed In cross examination by E J. Reilly, chief of defense counsel, but seemingly the great value of his evidence was not much shaken. Detective Arthur Johnson of New President Rooeevelt 990,000. N APOLOGY to the Canadian gov ernment and payments of $50,- 660.50 damages is the penalty imposed on the United States for sinking the rum running schooner I’m Alone in the Gulf of Mexico in March of 1929. This decision was announced by Willis Van Devanter, associate justice of the United States Supreme court, and Sir Lyman Poore Duff, chief Justice of Canada, who were the commissioners ol arbitration under the ship liquor treaty of 1924 between the United States and Great Britain for control ling liquor smuggling. Of the damages awarded, $25,000 is to be paid as compensation to the Canadian government and $25,666,50 to the master and members of the crew of the. Pm Alone or their families. In cluded In the latter is $10,185 to the widow and children of Leon Malnguy, a French citizen of St Pierre. Mique lon. who drowned when the schooner was sunk by the coastguard. BRISBANE] THIS WEEK Nice Lump Sum The President at Work Free Tombstone Button-Pushing Days Congress will give President Roose- reit a lump sum, a considerable lump of four thousand million dollars, to let him change from the system of doles and imitation jobs, "picking up leaves and pieces of paper,” to real Jobs and useful work. In bis new White House offices, President Roosevelt is at work on a “social security program,” which will Include unemployment insurance and old age pensions. The idea is to let pay rolls contribute to the cost of in surance ^ and pensions. This might work well with normal pay rolls. You hope that the President, in his wisdom, win include In any ‘‘security’ program security for the nation, in ad dition to security for individuals, old or out of a Job. Unemployment insurance and old age pensions would do little good If a few National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart Washington.—Now- that the Presi dent has laid before congress his re- , . quest for the new National appropriations, flnan- Debt cial students- are wondering more and more when the end of this government spending is to come. It will be re membered that Mr. \ Roosevelt said a year ago that the total public debt should not exceed $31,834,000,000 and that that figure should he reached around June 30, 1935. When it is con sidered that the present public debt exceeds $28,500,000,000. It becomes difficult to understand , how the Presi dent win succeed Jn sticking to his original assertion to" hold the national thousand planes came flying from Eu rope or Asia to bomb our cities and If thejj spray them with poison gas. came now, they could do exactly as’ they pleased. We have no way of in terfering with them. Bruno Hauptmann's musings on, fate’s vagaries were interrupted the other day by a strange offer from Mr. Standlsh Hartman, who owns the old Flemington stone works, manufactur ing tombstones. Just opposite the Hauptmann jail. Hauptmann was told, "If you are sent to the electric chair I will let you pick out your own tombstone, ( free, and help you write the epitaph, i will make it a work of art that people will go a long way to see, oner that any man would be proud to have." It should take genius to devise a tombstone that “any man would be proud to have” if he got It after being executed for murder. A day is coming when no man will do any work harder than pressing a If one wishes to know who spends ; master and members of the crew were all these huge sums, an Idea may be j not parties to a liquor smuggling con- obtained from these figures showing splracy. The commissioners found that the bU “ 0D ’ T d f Ie , nce ’ will make crime obsolete. the estimated expenditures for the fis cal year 1936: S6.595,000 704,885.500 1. Legislative, Judicial and executive ...... 5. Civil departments and agencies 788,057,169 8. National defense ... 792,484.265 4. Veterans' pensions and benefits t. DetJt charges! Interest ... Retirements 6. Refunds :..... 7. Recovery and relief I. Supplemental Items (for above groups 1 to 4 Inclusive) T H in HERE were huge sighs of relief the chancelleries of Europe » e • e e • e i 875,000,000 636,434,000 64,946.200 4,582,011,475 40,000,000 * Total expenditures. .18.520.413.601 when the success of the conversations in Rome between Foreign Minister Pierre Laval of France and Premier Musso lini was announced In- fbnnaltyr t^or'TWTr days the two states men dlscuxsed the points at Issue between their nations and con ditions In general. In central Europe Emerg ing from the last of For instance, the Joliet (Ilf.) Jailer sent a fat “trusty” outdoors for a cigar, and the automatic “electric eye” at the gate saw him, flashed a light and the innocent fat “trusty" was searched- A small metal shoehorn was found In his big loose shoe. The electric eye flashes when any body passing the gate has any sort of metal In bis possession. No prisoner’s fpiend hereafter can take 4»^a-pistol. debt at the figure named. The Treasury department has Just released ita annual report and this re veals an Increase in the public debt of approximately six billion dollars since June 30, 1933, an eighteen months’ rec ord. It has made the total cost of the recovery'spending program aggregate file or steel saw. Total receipts for the same perlud m n T^r"i are put at $3,991,904,639. so the estl-. Pi « rr « Laval 8 „ f ^ ^ ? mated deficit will be S4 528 508 970 ! 8 fcroup of French * , 6 cu WUI ^ , ,y , U ; and Ita,,an "ar veterans. Of the recovery and relief fund tie ..i arn „i q j » r. . President asked that KUUO.UUO.WX) l.e ‘ t ?** Pre ”'? r ’ ’ Mussolini and I are now in complete placed at his disposal to be allocated by him "principally for giving work accord.” Without waiting for an official com- to tho* unemployed on to. relief raunlque , , hoK VsT InfoS sato P ETROLEUM control provisions of ! rolls" Here are some other vital things disclosed by the message: The national debt will increase from $31,000,009,000 at the close of this fis cal year to $34,239,000,000. No new taxes are requested. Con gress is asked to continue the so-called nuisance taxes which expire soon and the 3-cent stamp rate. A national defense appropriation of $899,948,065—the greatest in the his tory of the country—is requested.-. A total of 137,134 federal worker* are to be dismissed. Veterans pensions in 1936 will reai h the staggering total of $704,000,000. The accumulated New Deal deth.lt for three years on June 30, 1936, wdl total $11,700,000,000. While the trend of recovery and re lief expenditures is downward, regular federal expenses will increase. the National Industrial Recovery act, specifically section 9 <c), are held by the Supreme Court of the United States to be Invalid as unconstitu- M UtY PICKFORp went _ befofe Judge Ben Lindsey In Los An geles and obtained a decree of divorce from Douglas Fairbanks; and thus etsvnrtl ■ ||» iiviu r uu Utllma t UI1U inilS to the i»hp«n .nT PI ht g S f n fh Ve 4 p ™' er i came to an end the union of the “royai nnttaA - 0 ^„V. 1 !.. J ” St l Ce - 3 I couple” of moviedom, who for ten years were regarded as the model wedded united in rendering this decision, Jus tice Cardozo alone dissenting, and the opinion was read by Chief Justice Hughes. The section declared void authorized the President to ban Interstate ship- pair so far as happiness and worldly success went. Mary’s suit, filed more than a year ago, charged Doug with mental cruelty, indifference and neglect. She told Laval and II duce had reached a full agreement, the principal features of which are a Joint declaration to pre serve the Independence of Austria, a five or six powerjiact.of noninterfer ence, and provisions for colonial con cessions in Africa. The pact agreeing not to Interfere with one another's In ternal affairs presumably will Include Italy. Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Aus tria, and Hungary; and later Eng land, France and Rumania may be asked to adhere to 1L If you buy alcoholic drinks, buy from dealers In whom you have confidence. The federal government has seized one million one hundred thousand empty whisky, wine and liquor bottles to pre vent bootleggers refilling thenf with bootleg supplies. empty, whisky bottle, bought for two cents, fllied with eight cents’ worth of bootleg whisky, may mean profit for the bootlegger and mean poison for the consumer. Buy from a retailer whom you trust, who buys from those who manufacture legally, and buy brands that you know. something over twelve billion dollars since January 1, 1931. when the spend ing spree really began. To make, the vast amount—-mere readily compre hensible, If you take the time to figure It out you will find that the govern ment has been spending borrowed money at the rate of almost twenty- three thousand dollars a minute in the last four years. To illustrate further the magnitude of this sum a figure ex pert here has calculated that there has been about one billion minutes since the birth of Christ and, therefore, the federal government In the last four years has added about twelve dollars to the public debt for each of the mln- •utes since Christ came on earth. But to get back to the present plan, presentation of the budget with Its maximum outlay of around seven bil lion dollars recalled to some leaders the assertion by the President respect ing the topmost limit for the public debt. In the budget message which he presented Just a year ago Mr. Roose velt boldly stated bis belief that “the government should seek to hold the public debt” to the figure of $31,834,* 000,000. “Furthermore." he added, “the gov ernment during the balance of this calendar year should plan to bring its 1936 expenditures including recovery and relief within the revenues expect ed In the fiscal year 1036.” The fiscal year 1936 begins next July 1. And frequent pronouncements from the White Honac have made It elear--tbftt g ENA TOR HUEY P.J^ONO, after attacking the administration on the floor of the senate, betook himself to the radio and continued the assault. He declared the Roosevelt policies were hopeless, arid summoned all the people to flock to his banner and help wipe out all fortunes above three or making every man a four millions, king.” Meantime the revolt against the told him to alt atlll. and Mrtneri” the wwxnt rxf •‘K^a*** |i .i. . i J6L ti IUUI • I vl v IlL “ <11111 It C« Oll6 lO-lQ ment of not oil—that Is; oil nro- * i ., . , p ' Judge Lindsey the charges were true duced In excess of state quotas. 1 , « , r , . « » . . ,> arid that a fair and -just property set - k * e 0,> # n °u d ^ DOt deH W tlement had been made; and after Ella- other phases of the recover, act. It ..i*,,. | Mlss rick ford's secretary, aroused widespread apecola.lon a. to „ ad testllM Ulc llecree am ^ n T . T " T “" d M “ r ' t >"* courtroom almost the first major “New Deal” case to in tearg come before the court. Fairbanks, in St. Moritz. Switzerland. Emergency legislat on by congress wag informed of the divorce but de- to remedy the situation and to meet | cllned t0 comment. the objection of the court was re- | ported to be an Immediate likelihood. ER bus been elected a director of klngfish in Louisiana was growing. Citizens by the hundreds were joining the Square Deal association which is pledged' to march on the capltol in Baton Rouge iviless the legislature re peals certain of Huey’s dictatorial laws. v P UBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATOR IC1 T HOSE Democrats and Republicans, eminent and otherwise, who are banded together as the American Lib erty league are now really getting into ifeem the jad- ■ "im action against what the? A . leal featurei" of the administration’! program, and their executive council has put out a ten-point platfdrm. It declares the league’s opposition to such practices as sweeping delegations of tegtslative authority to the President, lump sum appropriations to be doled out by the White House, socialisation • ' the New York Life Insurance com pany, at the instance of Alfred E. Smith. He was first offered the place two years ago when the death of Cal- .?ln Coolldge created a vacancy. Mr. Hoover said: “1 have accepted in the hope of contributing something to the protection and advancement of the in terests of millions of^ policy holders, one of the most vital of personal curltiea to the women and children of the country.” KES has resumed his contest with Arizona over the building of the Par ker dam in the Colorado river and wants the Supreme court to keep that state and Its “navy,” consisting of one scow, from Interfering with the Job. Solicitor General Biggs' asked permis sion of the court to file suit for an In junction. The governor of Arizona recently called out his militia and his navy to keep the public administration .from completing the dam. He held that It would Interfere with the distribution of irrigation water in his state. JUEMIER R. B. BENNETT of Can ada, appealing for support for his administration, promises to give the Dominion a “New Deal” that bears a close resemblance to President Roose velt’s economic and social program. He outlined his proposals In a speech -- In which he demanded “an end to the ^ ” u,u .«pl°ltattoo of bumoo r» sources and the trafficking In thi health and hap^pess 'of Canadian ten r ' To comfort # those appropriating' and spending large sums of public money fighting the depression it can be said, quite reasonably, that there Would be no danger In spending $100,000,000,000 more, considering that the normal In come of the United States, In really good times, is close to $100,000,000,000. If a man spent one or even two years’ income to settle all his troubles you’d think the price reasonable. It would be a silly mistake, of course, to Issue the $100 000,000,000 In bonds and pay out another $100,- 000,000,000 for Interest, unnecessarily. That needs to be said and will be said quite often. To read that Harry MacCracken, seventy-flve-year-old retired cattla puncher, Jumped up when a bandit bandit through the shoulder, is mildly interesting. It is more interesting to read that it happened In a “subur* ban liquor store” of Colorado, where MacCracken spends his time sitting* by the stove, “whittling.” To sit whit tling by a liquor store stove seems a strange ^occupation fore’Hne seventy- five years old, who knows that time la whittling away his’ few remaining days. a balanced budget In that time Is quite unlikely. In addition, the treasury said In Its annual report that taxes always lagged behind In"reflecting re covery of the country. For example, income taxes to be paid on March 15. 1936, and In the subsequent install ments of that year will be the result of levies on earnings , of the current calendar year. No one exacts earn ings In 1935 to ne normal. It Is ob vious, therefore, that the balancing of the budget In the fiscal year begin ning July 1, 1935. becomes almost a physical Impossibility unless the Pres ident should do the unexpected . by cqttlng off every one of the sixty-five or more recovery and relief agencies and should cut off all federal funds for relief of the destitute. If that were done. It Is estimated by fiscal ex perts that ordinary receipts by the treasury would come close, to meeting the ordinary cost of the regularly es tablished governmental agenrl«*. off a bitter row In.’ his own party, offering much money for congress to ■pend. Among the Presideut’ii friends, 1. have heard private expressions that* Mr. Roosevelt had been misled by some of the group who held his. ear at the start of the administration. These men referred to a number of the so- called Progressive Republicans like the LaFollettes, Norris, Hiram-Johnson of California, a!nd Bronson Cutting of New Mexico. Several of these were so well diked by the President that they were Invited to enter his cabinet. Consequently, there are those whp be lieve that Mr. Roosevelt followed JhjL advice of the Progressive Republican group much more closely than leaders among the old-time Democrats. Most of the Progressive Republicans are spenders at heart, according to the general view here. And they are also men who regard a balanced budget as not very Important So, while no one can say definitely what influences al- tered the President’s stand, it certain ly Is regarded among observers here ns being a situation In which the wind makes the straws point toward the so- called progressives as having joined hands with the President in Initiating what has come to be the greatest out pouring of taxpayers’ money, except in war time, since our government waa established. ..... Organization of the new congress has resulted In a new cry, in reality a very old cry, but it is South in mew, since we have the Saddle** not heard It in fifteen years. The cry w* are hearing now from Republicans and from northern Democrats Is the wall that "the South is In the saddle.” While there certainly can be nothing criminal about the South being In the saddle, it provides a grand political Is sue both within the Democratic ranks and between the Democratic party and what Is left of the Republicans In congress. It also touches a question that has been discussed many times, namely, the wisdom of the seniority rule In congress. The seniority rule pro vides that the oldest members In the point of service shall inherit commit tee chairmanships and shall have oth er positions of honor In the house and senate. 'Out of the 69 Democratic senators only 24 come from what is known as the solid South. Of the 317 Democrat- tr Tnembere of the-trmree. xmly about There bad been frequent contentions by avid‘‘New Dealers that Mr. Roose velt’s second budget Pre$ident*$ recommendation s ViewtChange «’ould provide a clear picture of his gener al fiscal policies. If their statements remain true, they resulted In setting up one of the most paradoxical condi tions in the history of. this nation. ^7obkrng bact'*oVer The ’ whole Roose^ velt period, the thing which observ ers have never been able adequately to explain Is who or what effected the change in the President s views on fundamental financial questions. It Is The AAA asks congress for com plete authority over all crops, all farm activities, and for $40,000,000 to $60,- 000,000 to move farmers from poor farms to better farms. It Is all benevolently planned, but many a farmer would prefer to stamp his foot and clap his hands In the old Independent wtiy. The end of prohibition has not yield ed all that was promised, and hoped for, lu reform and In cash. Two- thirds of all the whisky sold la still bootleg whisky. That cheats Uncle Bern, and poisons many with bad whisky. In big New York city, many went to hospitals after a “gay” New fear’s ere, 4t It little consolation to know that the number of alcoholism cases was somewhat smaller ' than during prphlbftlon years. 4k Kina Pawturw SyndlMt* la*. WNU Strvloa too obvious to precipitate an argu ment that the President’s views have changed. When one goes back to bis first message to congress or beyond that to his campaign speeches and the platform upon which he made the race for the Presidency. It Is futile to at tempt to reconcile ..tbps* 1 uiterances with the subsequent spendinj; and bor rowing program in which his adminis tration has Indulged. It will be re called that Mr. Roosevelt declared in his Inaugural speech an intention to balance the budget and wipe o\£j the deficit left on his lap by the Hoover administration. He went. on to say that If congress In Us generosity voted sums that placed the budget out of balance It was under the necessity at the same time to. provide taxes to raise the excess expenditures. Since there can be no dispute that Mr. Roosevelt’s views have changed and'he has. acted In accordance with his. new. found principles, the Interest ing thing is who brought about the re vision of views on the part of the President Some of the President’s virulent critics have asserted In the opening dayj^of'congress that Mr. Roosevelt wim wboiiy uninformed as to the needs with which he was con fronted' when he'was making his cam paign speeches. They say he found his original promise to be all pet and be took the only alteitiatlve ‘ to stave IjOO are thoroughly acquainted with the yell of the Confederacy.'Yet In the face of this tremendous growth of Demo cratic membership coming out of the North and the West, the South Is In the saddle more solidly than ever. The speakership of the house went to Representative Byrns of Tennes see, who succeeded to the place made vacant by the late Henry T. Rainey of Illinois. Mr. Byrns had been Demo cratic leader and his promotion left a vacancy to which Representative Will Bankhead Of Alabama was elected, thus moving leadership further to the South. The only plum. If It be m plum, that went north of the Mason and Dixon line was the selection of Representative.O’Connor of New York, as chairman 4of the rules committee. In the senate we see Vice President Garner, the presiding officer, a Texan. The majority leader Is Senator Rob inson of Arkansas. The powerful com mittee on finance is presided over by Harrison of Mississippi; the senate committee on banking and currency Is controlled by Fletcher of Florida ; and the committee on agriculture is head ed by Smith of South Carolina. One could go on and name many others al though I believe the consensus Is that the seniority rule has not worked to produce as many duds for senate com mittee chairmanships as has occurred In the house. . —— • • * - Democratic leaders In the house have made certain that they will not be em% barrassed this year ■Cheeking ns they were In the Radicals first New Deal con- -- gress. In that ses sion they were constantly harassed by the radicals who sought Jo force votes on legislation which the President and his advisers did not want and which for the same reason the Democratic leaders did not want. The radicals ac complished their purposes by • use of what Is called the rule of discharge of committees. But that rule has been amended so that to iiWoke It now, ac tually a majority of the house will have fo sign a petition. ' Under the previous rule, the signa ture of 145 membere of the house was sufficient to compel the discharge of a committee from consideration of any piece of legislation referred to it for action. The necessary number of sig natures was obtained In three embar rassing cases last year. The soldiers’ - bonus bin was brought out by that „ method; the Frazier-I^emke farm mort gage Inflation bill was released for • bouse vote In the same manner. The new house organization, how ever. la determined not to be embar rassed in that manner. It succeeded tn Democratic caucus—binding on all Democrats—In having the origins) rule amended so that now there must he a majority, of all ’bouse members affixing their signatures to the dls charge .petition before ft becomes op erative. * WMUra K*wapft»*r VaiM. - si- jV-i