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V*.i -'’v' The Barnwell People-Sentinel, Barnwell, S. C n March 15,1934 r’ ■. ^x.... . . News Review of Events the World Over President Asks for Shorter Hours and Higher Wages; Plans for Continuing Relief Program; Desperate, Dillinger Escapes From JaiL By EDWARD W. PICKARD S EVERAL thousand members of the code authorities gathered In Con stitution hall, Washington, at the call of the President to revise and strengthen NRA Industrial agree ments. The opening session was for mal and rather stately, with the m^qi- bers of the cabinet, other high govern ment officials and many senators and congressmen present. Before this aa sembly came Mr. Roosevelt to tell not so much what had been accomplished In the last twelvemonth as what he hoped for In the near future. He warned the Industrial leaders that “the government cannot forever con tinue to absorb the whole burden of unemployment" He called for great er protection of small business, term log the code authority “the keeper of your small Industrial brother.” Briefly summarized, this Is what Mr. Roosevelt proposed: Wage Increases and shortening of hours to bolster consuming power and spread employment Greater adherence by the people\to the Blue Eagle symbol to make all “play the game." Continued enforcement of the anti trust laws to retain competition and prevent monopoly. <' Strict adherence by employers to the law allowing free choice by employees of representatives to do their collective bargaining. o l*A4k>'<rcis» i V u t itfkn {%f t * “f tiMtiitriiL economic and social structure along the lines already started. hHmPN pien ■bef President Roosevelt or to the Department of Justice for appropriate action. In the same order the President enlarged the board from nine to thirteen members. The new men appointed are: Clay Wil liams, president Reynolds Tobacco company, and Leon Marshall, of Johns Hopkins university law school, vice chairmen; and Ernest Draper, of New Yoril Gerard Swope, president of the General Electric company, and Henry Dennison, of Prauttnyhaa^: Mum , In. dustrial members. VIEW DEALERS were pleased 1m- mensely by a decision of the United States Supreme court sustain ing tit£_ New York mtlfc control in^. held lu the senate in December, are necessary in a sovereign. And It upheld the rights of a state to ftx a minimum price for milk, and has an Important bearing on the validity of recovery legislation. The opinion was delivered by Justice Owen j. Rob erts, *nd, os in the Minnesota mort gage moratorium case, was held by five of the Justices, four dissenting. LJ OW the President proposes to car- * 1 ry on the relief program was re vealed at a press conference. In ad dition to continuation of the CWA in cities, relief of distressed families In rural regions Is to be placed on a new basis, and the government Is to undertake the transportation of entire communities from non-operating coal mine localities and similar center* of unemployment to C OMPLETION of President Roose- ■vcl^’a first year in-the White House called forth a chorus of, lauda tion and of hostile criticism from his admirers and his op ponents. The least that can be said Is that It has been a year and action, of bold experimentation In methods of govern- ient, and of the Riding of vast suma of money In the fur therance of the Pres (dent's determination to establish^ a New Deal that amounts to a social revolution. • \ Mr. Roosevelt himself. In a brief address on the occasion of the Install Ing of Dr. J. M. Gray as chaffcellor of the American university In Washing ton, said “one of the most salient fea tures of the salient year In our Amer ican life has been the amazing and universal Increase in the interest” of the- people-lo 4bo-8obJeet- of—govern-- ~ menL “We can be thankful,” he said, “that we have studied and are en gaged in the process of eradicating the deeper causes of that illness (of the nation) and of many other 111- pewes of the body politic." The Joint congressional Republican campaign committee took occasion to Issue a statement declaring that the administration ends its first year "with many platform pledges untried and practically abandoned, with policies unshaped and conflicting, with Its monetary program bewilderlngty un certain—a situation baffling enough to prdve a hindrance to a return to prosperity.” Replying for the supporters of the administration, Senator Hiram John son of California, nominally a Repub lican, said: ‘it is not necessary to agree with all that has been done in every con ceivable particular, but unfair and un just would be the Individual who would notf emphatically concede that with an enlightened audacity the President has acted, and has accom plished amazing results. "It is a sorry policy that now says to 120,000,000 people that nothing has been done that is right and that the President has brought them no relief, and the future bolds for them no hope. "We are better, and our country is better, and our people are better, and our times are better for what the President has done during the past year.” Throughout his first year the Pres ident has had the virtually united ■upport of the Democrats, together with that of many Republicans, and the nation as a whole has stood back of him because It recognized his cour age and sincerity, even though many citizens doubted the wisdom of some of his policies. In the year to come he probably will find his task harder In a way, for revolt against some parts of his program Is developing in his own party. Congress shows a, grow ing tendency to resist his demands. All this, as one correspondent says, “Is partly due to the oncoming No- venjber elections and partly to the nat ural fact that. renewal of confidence reduces the willingness of political and economic individualists to sacrifice their own desires for the sake of a unified movement.” * homestead colonies which are being created with $25,000,000 of public works funds. In rural regions famlftesjn distress are to be helped to raise enough food for subsistence and to get part time employment In industries and on road building and other public work Communities of miners, out of ferork because of the closing down j>f coal of—ercttetnent i mines, the President calls “strand populations.” They were left stranded when work gave out and there Is no prospect of a resumption of mine op erations. In most cases the mines The mirasht have been exhausted.' said the undertaking would be to move an appreciable number of such fam ilies to localities where they can main tain themselves on small tracts of land with incidental Industrial employ ment which is the subsistence home stead Idea now being tried out x at Reedsvllle, r W. Va. Concerning that Reedsvllle plant, a pet of Mrs. Roosevelt’s, it is interest ing to read that the house refused, by a‘margin of 1G5 votes to approve the construction and operation there of a factory to make post office furniture. The—project—was— denmiiR'M 'as T, a plunge into state socialism." „ T HERE an ffigna Indicating that the administration is gelng to mod ify Its stsnd snd that of its predeces sors concerning the war debts. Some Republics ns In the senate tried to put through a resolution offered by Rob inson of Indians asking the President, If not Incompatible with public Inter est, to Inform the senate by what agreements he had accepted token payments from Great Britain, Italy and Czechoslovaks and had recognized them as not In default It also asked 'what steps, if any, have been taken to Induce defaulting nations to pay; whether any understandings have been reached concerning revision; snd whether, any assurances have been given Unking debt payments wltb tariff concessions. \ The Democratic leadership in the senate succeeded in having the reso lution sidetracked Into the foreign rs- latlons committee. Senator Robinson of Arkansas made a speech openly re ferring to the necessity for some f thfer concessions on the part of the United States If any further payments are to be obtained-, bot he denied that negotiations looking t« revision had taken place yet The vote on the motion to commit the resolution showed there has been a considerable change from the ouln- BRISBANE THIS WEEK Many Sleep, Forgotten Kang Teh's Era McGraw Has Gone Britain Claims All s What we actually see Impresses us. A young woman |n Chicago, twesty-slx years old, has Just finished her «econd year in a deep sleep, puzzling doctors, baffling their science. Everybody la Interested In that; wonders what the girl’s spirit does through the loftg sleeping hours—whether it Is permit ted to wander away. In graveyards are millions that have slept for generations, aqd everywhere beneath the sod endless other millions never to wake on this earth. Nobody wonders about that— everybody takes it for granted. Pu-Yl,Chinese prince, once heir to the Imperial throne of China, emerged from his “period of purification” as “Em peror Kang Teh of Manchukuo.” Con fucius says “tranquillity and virtue,” vi-i * National Topics Interpreted ’ by William Bntckart 1 " r 1931, when the Hoover moratorium resolution was passed snccefsfully only after It had been amended to In clude a reservation reiterating* con gress’ unalterable opposition to re vision or cancellation of the debts. Pu-Yl’g new name, “Kang Teh,” means tranquillity and virtue. The years to come in Manchukuo, where Pu-Yl’s Manchurian ancestors ruled before they became emperors of China, will be called Kang Teh. How long will it last? How long will the able Japanese believe it nfec- T HERE’S a new emperor In the world and a new dynasty has been essary or worth while to keep up the founded. By direction of Japan, Henry j pretense of Independent rule in Man- Pu-yl, who in his infancy was the “boy chukuo? emperor” of China, and who has been the chief executive of Manchukuo, has been enthroned as emperor of that puppet state. The young man—he twenty-eight — Burned—the name—of Kang Teh, which be- 1 n g interpreted I s “tranquillity and vir tue.” He probably is virtuous, but the tranquillity is prob lematical In view of the way Japan and Russia are snarling at each other, for if those nations go to war the the conflict wiiM?^the newly - Emperor Kang Teh established empire ..which used to be Manchuria. ~ ^ Great preparations were made . for the coronation ceremony, but Henry’s ■Tnpwrt^aft aponsers were so apprchen- t gam that the “Little America" which would give the Chief Executive author ity to shift the tariff up or down by as much as 50 per cent so that recip rocal tariff treaties with other nations may be negotiated. Furthermore, these treaties would not have to be confirmed by the senate, and the tar iff commission would not he consulted. The new authority would be limited to three years and no article could be placed on the free list or removed I from,it. It was predicted that many Republicans and some Democrats would oppose the scheme, but that It would get through congress after-long debate. . sive ofxattempts on his life that the public was not admitted to the rites in Hsinking, the capital. The emperor rode the five miles from the palace to the "altar of heaven'* In an Ameri can bullef-proof automobile and the route was protected by barbed wire stockades and lined with thousands of troops. For every three Manchukuan soldiers In the lines there was one Japanese soldier, and also there were swarms of secret police. In gorgeous rones Henry alighted at the Siltar, In the open air, and ascended his throng. correspohdents looked on. Offlciallyyth^ empire will be known henceforth as “ta Manchu tf kuo,^ which means the< great Manchu em pire. O NCE more the tariff comes up_as a leading issue, for the President has sent to congress a request for new powers permitting him to fix the tariff wlttit n wide thrrtts. The asks is designed to expand trade amt may not have been so treacherous and of Sandino by al Guardsmen needless as It seemed at first Is re vealed by dispatches from Managua. A Natfbnal Guard detachment raided a supposed agricultural colony at Wiwili and found stores of arms and aibmunltion and correspondence Indi cating that Sandino had been in close contact with Communists who were preparing to overthrow , the govern ment by force of arms. Twenty-two Sandistas were killed In the tald. It Is interesting to see the power of Japan demonstrated in her abil ity to set up an emperor on what was Chinese territory, on the edge of angry Russia. That has not been done since Napoleon made kings of his relatives, dukes and princeS'br "noDodles," or at Washington.—The Department of Agriculture has laid down another bar rage of accneetlons Picking on against a group of the Packers ‘W c o a c a r n a, but tha light thus started promises to tran scend the charge of crookedness On the part of ten corporations cited. From, the ondercurrent of Information around Washington, one can readily believe that questions of policy may become the focal point of the current controversy. While the packers may fold up their tents, admit some of the charges and nor -fight btek Shy fqF ther, the situation is fraught with pos- •QNUtles of politics that lead directly to an attack on Roosevelt administra tion New Deal policies Fundamental ly, these questions Involve determina tion of how far the people want their national government to manage busi ness affairs. It is unfair, of course, to hold that the ten big packers are guilty of com bined effort at manipulation of prices or machinations to drive oat competi tion In certain sections of the country, solely because some officials of the De partment of Agriculture made the charges. It la likewise unfair to bold the packers have clean records be cause the charges were made by some of the officials of the department that was described by members of congress as being “full of Qommunlsts." It is a fact that the packers have been dragged Into court before on similar charges, and it. la also admitted that leaflfr not since Woodrow Wilson set np various little countries In Europe, carving up old ones. there are some officials In the Depart- ment of Agriculture who are so radi cal as to be desirous of seeing private business destroyed. John J. McGraw, baseball player of renown, is dead, only sixty. A fiery baseball fighting man, McQraw woo victories In the line of throwing a ball, hitting it with a club and. running around bases. Every newspaper praises him, and he is entitled to the glory. He knew what interests the people. With .these facts In mind, it Is well to recall also that in the last several months there has been smoldering sen timent that the federal government is going too far In directing the afrairp of private Individuals. A good many obserrerrirere believe'that thecharges now renewed against the meat pack ers, after fifteen years of comparative quietude In this direction, will^recipl- Rear Admiral Byrd is exploring and mapping out really belongs, to Eng land. "Little America,” says England, Is part of “three large sectors around the South pole" that belong to Britain because she saw them first. There will be no war about It, prob ably, because the poles, as they shift, move slowly. Our North and South poles require 17,000 years to make a complete sweep of the heavens, and the day is far off when^ today’s South. roups of officials and ' and North poles will he part of a warm climate, with other spots on the earth, as North and South poles, tak ing their places. Before the thou sands of years shall have passed the British empire, certainly, and the United States, probably,- will have ceased to exist under their present ACHINERY for enforcement of the collective bargaining pro visions of ths NRa was tightened by ] who was given that the President when by Executive order he made the findings of the national labor board final and authorized that body to report violations directly to tho compliance dlvlelon of the NRA John DILLINGER, -eminent bank ** robber, gang leader, and alleged murderer, who was captured with great eclat in Arizona and conveyed to In diana for trial, , be came Irked by con finement In the “es cape-proof” Jail at Crown Point. So he made a pistol out of a piece of wood and the handle of a safety razor, cowed-the guards * and deputies and locked them In cells, obtained two machine guns from John Dillinger (he j n jj armor y an( j a pistol from a guard, took Sheriff Lil lian Holley’s car from the garage &nd drove away with » negro murderer. They took one deputy sheriff and a garage attendant as hostages but re leased them near Peotone, III., and then vanished. It was believed Dlllin- ger was hidden ttomewber* In the vicinity of Chicago. The law anthorl- tlea of the Middle West were all searching for him, and all officers bad orders to kill him at sight Sheriff Holley’s car was found aban doned on a street In Chicago. This escape of the desperado was one of the boldest performances of his career, and it is amazing to consider how It could have been* successfully carried out In view of Dll Unger’s record. Perbaps some sympathy la due the woman sheriff, Mrs. Holley, ffice after the death of her husban^J. Terribly de pressed by the fias<4L she made the futile gesture of ■trapping an auto matic about her waist apd setting out to find Dillinger. . J APAN and soviet Russia are now quarreling over military airplane flights over each other’s territory, and have exchanged sharp notes of pro test. Though the situation seems to be tense, an official spokesman for Japan denied that hostilities are Im minent. “The world need not be afraid that Russia and Japan are on the verge of war,” he said. “All of these pro tests and the noisy fuss are a good sign that the danger of war is far away. When both sides are silent look out” , , , , .... S ECRETARY OF WAR DERN, prob ably tbllowing the Ideas of General MacArthur, chief of staff, told the mili tary affairs committee of the house that he was decidedly opposed to con gressional plans for an Independent and greatly enlarged air corps. He was arguing against two bills Intro duced by the committee providing for the purchase. of 4,384 military air planes and for the separation of the army air corps from the Jurisdiction of the general staff, and the granting to officers and enlisted men of the air corps special compensation and rank. T HREATS of a revolution In Austria If Nazis were not taken Into the Dollfuss government within a certain time proved idle for the present Troops were mobilised and moved about, but nothing happened. There was considerable nervousness in Vi enna over renewed talk of restoration of the Hspsburg monarchy, though Prince Ernst von r Stahremberg, com mander 'of the helmwehr, said the management amTldeas. However, there might be gold, there surely, is oil, beneath those c lands, deposited there in ancient d Y* of heat. Mr. Rockefeller's organizatl m has already located, hif wells wit iin the Arctic circle, although It is no think ing of laying pipe lines British diplomacy, like >at of the Vatican, looks far ahet Gifford Pinchot, announcing his can didacy for senator frdm Pennsylvania insy against dffvld A. Reed, now senator, says “as a Republican’’ he “will work with President Roosevelt to restore prosperity, Instead of snapping and snarling at the President’s heels." - Senator Reed, who knows politics, will study this statement thought fully. This country Is really begin- natural line of cleavage nlng to take an interest In politics and This Us own governmehtXThe good old party label, with Its “pointing with pride and viewing with alarm,” has lost its importance. ought to go. -That is to-say. s6me' think the packer controversy will bring the larger question to a head. There was a-plain disposition on the part of most persons to withhold criti cism of the Departnjent of Agriculture all ■ through the /early months of President Roosevelt’s administration. Whether one agreed with the New Deal program pr was definitely opposed to it, the disposition was to avoid at tacks on the Department of Agricul ture because of the sad plight of the Industry U was supposed to HpIq Rui_ differences have arisen among the farm leaders and among the members of congress from agricultural districts as x/> the way things have been run at the Department of Agriculture, and th4se differences are not concealed any longer. Consequently, it appears Just possible that Secretary Wallace and the professors on whom he has leaned so heavily may soon find a swirling storm around their heads, which, once started, surely will go beyond Just that phase of the President’s New Deal program. • • * For Instance, there Is a bill pending that proposes to make the federal gov ernment supervisor Far-Rcaching of the security' ex- Propotal t ! , ' 8t0 , ck markets. It Is far reaching; of that, there can be no doubt But differences of opinion are sharp, and, generally speaking, they may be traced back to one’s basic be lief as to the extent the federal gov ernment should go In managing your business and mine.. It is held by all observers to be a perfectly normal and legislation would attempt to_ control the sales of all shares of stock And bonds whether on the floors of the trading exchanges or across the coun ters of brokers. The operations would be directed from^ Washington through Washington agrees to let Spain send yj e pederal Trade commission. Its us 1,500,000 gallons of wine and Spain ,'gcope and the fact that administra** agrees to buy about 17,000,000 pounds jj on 0 f. this phase of business, like so many others, would be centered in Washington causes concern among that school of thought which clings to the Idea of a policy permitting Individ- oals to conduct their own business without having to bow and scrape be fore a bureancrat In Washington. of American tobacco. Port wine Is recommended for the old, In small quantities, when they are no longer able to assimilate claret and other, lighter acid wines. But California produces excellent port wine, sherry also; and It Is well to give American producers as much of the American market as possible. President Roosevelt makes a sugges tion that may be the beginning of Im portant developments. He would have the United States consolidate control of communications by wire, meaning telegraph, telephone and radio. The President says: “I have long felt that for the sake of clarity and effective ness the relationship of the federal ^government to certain services known as utilities should be divided Into three field*—transportstion.'power and communication.” A new agency, to be known u “The Federal Oommunications commission,” would be established, and sbonld have “full power to investigate and study question “must be approached with i the business of existing com the utmost caution.” Czechoslovakia j"*nd make recomendatlons to congress." is determined that Archduke Otto shall —Utilities men will study those words not be put on the Austrian throne or carefully. even permitted to re-enter Austria. _ * Kin* bm. days to Iron out even small details with the namerous administrators, commissions, Mg dictators and small dictators, and other governmental agen das, I hear the expression that the bat tle with the meat packers may result la aa alignment of those forces who toi the New Deni to have dealt them n hand with a ten-spot ns the high card.. In reporting that circumstance however, it seems to me one should call attention to the possibility that the Department of Agriculture may hava “the goods” on the meat packers. If that be the case, It Is obvious that op ponents of the New Deal will have te look elsewhere for a peg on which to bah| their hats. Further, It is apparent here that If the President succeeds in bis plan to get congress out of town before tt reaches the stage where It has idle hands, the chances of a frontal attach on his program seem materially less. When the legislation for control of the security exchanges passes, as, of course. It will pass Supervise since tt Is an admln- ?*«***;#«/latratlon proposal. Security Sales ^ Federal Trada commission will -be placed in the po sition of virtual supervisor of all trans actions In the Issue and sale of se curities, whether they be stocks or bonds, notes or any other form of cor- porate Indebtedness. The circum stance has directed considerable at tention lately to the relationship be tween that federal agency and business interests, as well as the treatment business may expect from the commis sion as now made up. Accordingly, I have done some digging around to find oat what the feeling is. Through the period In which I have watched Washington, the commlssloa distinctly has had Its ups and downs.- I behave that, in most Instances, butf- ness has looked upon the commlsstou with more or less favor respectively as It has pursued an economic policy -of. reasonableness or radicalism. ' In other words, as the commission has tried to work out satisfactory policies by negotiation with business. It has retained the confidence of business. Conversely, when radicals have been predominant in the commission and it has sought to “crack down," as Gen eral Johnson says In NRA affairs, busi ness has not failed_to_. J thn)®..bomb^ shells at the commission wherever the opportunity presented. Passage of the law that required registration of all security issues with commission before they were ot- ferd<| for sale—the so-called truth In securities act—was expected by many to place in the commission's hands a weapon which it would use In carrying out many radical Ideas. There was doubt, and Still is doubt, as to the efficacy of such legislation. There were claims, and still are claims, that pass age of the law^ts down the avail ability of funds for corporate financing ami, conseqdenTlyr restricts bustness development The ,information available to ate seems to Indicate there is some truth in those claims, but there is also some truth in the assertion that restrictions were necessary In order to protect In vestors from unscrupulous individuals who issue and sell fake stocks and TToBda. Thu* far, Jiowever. the cb mission seems to have given a rath satisfactory administration of the se curities law. . ■ . fb*—• •• • « • Each group probably will be found to be partially ^vrong after the com- V,. mission starts on Its Na Job for new Job. I hear com- Theorists “ent, howevef. te the effect that the commission must watch its step in se lection of personnel in connection with stock exchange supervision. That Job will be highly technical, and the dan ger that has been pointed out Is that untrained theorists may be appointed- to do much of the work. It Is hardly necessary to say that most theorists enjoy trying out their ideas at other people’s expense, and surely adminis tration of the country’s trading marts is no place to “try it on the dog." The stake is too high. Through .some eight or ten years pa«t, the commission has followed a course of citing a business for alleged violation of fair practice rules and of fering no statement except the charges. The result was a stigma on the particular business. Oftentimes, complaints were made by competitors just to gain the advantage of that stigma. Last month, however, that policy was changed and hereafter, ths commission will Issue their citations and will tell why the action was taken, thus affording fuM publicity for anyoss to examine the case. It Is an action tbfLt probably will reduce the number of mischievous complaints, because competitors won’t attempt so freely to gain aa advantage by smearing tho reputation of another business when their own part In It is disclosed. My conviction Is that adoption of a mis of that kind may have the effect of fending off some of the fire that the commission naturally must expert from the school of thought opposed to the principles upon which the agency was founded. And. It Is jrell from the commission’s standpoint for It to Ths activities of some of the NRA leaders In dictating business policies and practices is well known, but those opposed to them are none the less op posed because they made less noise in tbe last fgw months. They will Join In any movement that promises to over turn the program of business dictator ship that has been set op. The same ta true respecting the attitude of busi ness men and women on numerous other phases of the New Deal. It is an opposition that thus far has not been allowed to blow off steam. That, In many quarter* of Washing ton and from many AnrineM leaders . watch outl Its t ^ 6 who havs to come to Washington torn' c^d^cence, after a period when tto period when Its appropriations were cut to the bone and its life threatened, may not go on.as now if tt leans too far to the radical side. Business Interests art not radical and they are not going to co-operate with any agency, govern mental or private, that la radical • to w««t*re i