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* ' TWO. THE BARNWELL PEOPLE-SENTINEL. BARNWELL, SOUTH CAROLINA THURSDAY, OCTOBER 29, 19S1: '■V- rr\ "Mr- O' ; ri- m ?• \ m/' Salt M archant of Morocco, Whoa a Sait is Also Ussd for Monay. iPrepcrad by th# Nattonkl f!k"frkplil« aocl«t> WMblngton. I*. Cl E thiopia (Abyi«.inia). wi.icii iim» hltbrrto got along without a money of its own, l« taking atep* toward eataliliatilng a currency Mt*l coinage ayatem on a gold ttnal*. Moat of the cltlzena are now uaing for I heir purchaaea bars of salt, rifle cart ridge*, and even empty buttle* and «ia can*. The money necessary In In u»rnarional dealings ba« been fur •dshed in Mtulted supply by Marin Theresa Thnlera, Introduced a number •«»f years ago from Austria, and by a •mail amount of pai>er money Isaiicd »»y a hranrh of the National Kan\ of Kgypt ealablished In Addis Ababa, eap- tiat of Kthlopia. Thi* bank I* to be pun-bused by tbe Ktbiopiaii govern- went us a tlrst step In Its program to act up a currency and coinage system. When Kthlopia Issue* her first hunk •loie* and certificate*. llie«e bits .of laked |>aper will repreaest tbe latest flak In tbe very long chain of the evo lution of money In earliest time- man traded or bartered one product «r artlile for another. Rut the need for n common denominator of value Serame apparent even with the flr«i glimmering* of civilisation. The skin* *f animal* served In thi* way when man was still a hunter, while aliells Buau— the flmi muney of trthe* hvinx ' •ewr rite ten. Wbeu man Willed down and became an agriculturist or a Herdsman, grain and rattle came luto use aa Ida tneaaures of values. Tbe •x was "big money.” the sheep "small change.” There were certain diaadvuntagea lu ■slag live stock a* money. Kor one thing. It might walk a way In thu might; for auother, It consumed mwch provender. There were diflculties about very ainull diunge for tl«e pur chase of such edibles as kettle* of fish and messes of pottnge. The human geogrnplfy of the Near Far. which bad been pastoral, about this Hm« got an Industrial urge. A -way had been found of extracting m metal from tbe earth of tbe i-lHiid of t yprus. humbly set in the eastern Medi'erratieau. The Homan* Inter twitted tlie name of this Island In Kadi a way Ihal ihe modern word ■“copper” was derived from It. How Copper Bacams Money. Copiter pot* tM-guii to Hp|*eul. and. 'like cattle, were universally prized. Merchants would exchange whatever they had lu their aralls for copper l»o«*. and the demand for" Oiem was more nearly uni versa) (ban for any •other object. The copper pot whs. therefore, money. Then Into this region came one lut Wned with uu idea of importance. In- mead of presenting |>ota for use In fa- «-iiiiating barter, be would tender the <mpper*of which they were made. He wuuld offer it in n convenient form, made up Into n atrip which lie called •oho)us. No deliuile idea of its aize nnrvives. hut it was said tliat six made a handful. The ole dux marked h great ._ Jidvauce toward the use of coin. The scene shifted to the west. Italy, ns ii awoke from barbariaui, udofited a unit of copper as « meaaure of value. It called the unit ux. a Roman pound of J2 unoiae. or ounces, and It came into general use. Ojpper sn'rved the purpose of ruouet because of its intrinsic value. Thf ox had the value of a pound of cop per. Human nature being the same !het» as nnw, it soon came to pass that ’ people made the as in a weight a litlie less than a pound and profited to the ■extent of the metal thus saved. They learned to mix certain quttntUles of baser nud cheaper metals with the <;op .per and their currency deteriorated. Thus a step toward the develop- •ment of actual money was forced on ilie nations. Governing powers found - it necessary to step Into the breach, to ^cst metals used as money, to put their stamps guaranteeing quality and weight upon them, and by this avenue copper coins arrived. ■ As the centuries passed In the Medi terranean area, copper became plenti ful and its purchasing power de- •creaaed. Home was getting much of the earth “ Cyprus. Hun it developed tbst an average householder of ancient Rome, going to market to buy for a feast day would need to pack a donkey to hear the weight of the copper for ids shop <3>1ax. 'Che metal came to i»c too Pulky In .proportion to its value. Yet tt held 3tf place untif another metai appearci that better served money purposes. That metal was silver. The map .of the civilized world waa expanding. Spain had begun to produce. Civilization moved westward and ChariouMgne established an empire of the French in tbe Eighth century on a silver standard He formally de creed that the pound of silver should he the hasir measure of value, and a continent accepted Ids edict. So It happen* that in France today the word argent means ”tnoney,” although its literal significance Is ”sllver. H Money of England. Money • history began to be written in n not her geographical area. The English began to talk of tbe “pound” in designating a money unit. This Is ihe sliver pound of Charlemagne. Originally -40 pennies were made from the (>ouiid of silver, and although the pound (sterling) lilx become * measure of value and not of weight, the relation to the old value standard continues —-40 jience to the pound (sterling). The Euglixh word ‘'shilling” has a geographical origin that is quite differ ent. It was tlrst u*ed by the blonde harbnriuus of the North. These war riors and their opponents were given to wearing rings and arm bauds made pf silver or gold. After battles the rings of the alaln were highly prized by the victors, and were gathered and properly distributed by an ofllclat who bad charge' of this division of spoils. He was known as (he ring-breaker and was aciually the first treasury official of these northern tribe*. The rings were an made that they broke up Into bits of a somewhat uni form sire. One fragment pus called a “achilliugaa." In tbe North It was an early form of money and from It ('Mine the shilling, so dear to the Eng lish heart today. The world >as short of actual iimu- •e> from I'nesar to t'ollimlMiM. There was little progress during that long siretcb and there appears to be some soundlievs in the theory that I be xb- sence of a elreiilallng medium of xulti- dent quantity to make development possible wax, in part, tlig reasmi for the stagnation Yet, Respite Its «<‘ar- rtty, money-event* were tstring place about the map of Eunqie and ^eem. I u retrospect, to have been In prefix ra tion for the coming of better days. Origin of tha Dollar. Toward Ihe end of the lime of short age there appeared In Ihe Interior of medieval Europe an Individual who was to write a chapter of money his tory that hns come down strangely In to modem timex’. and to give a new na tion of the Went a currency unit that was to have a profound effect. This man made the first dollar in all tbe world, and gave it a name—which, though tbe etymology is not apparent at a glance, becomes upon examination the lineal ancestor of the word "dol- lar." The count of Sell lick, for such was Ids title, dwelt In St. Jonehimstliat (Joachim's Pale), a mining region of Bohemia. Tbe patron saint oi the community was St. Joachim. Here the count of Scldick. In 1519, appropriated u silver mine. Ax Ids re tainers took out the precious metal, the master laid hi* Unger to bis tem ple and considered tlie purpose to .which be should put it. He must have been a man of perception, fbr be seemed to realize that he dw;elt In a money-hungry world,,and that bis sil ver would serve best if made Into coin. At any rate, he devised a new one nil bis own. <)n its face appeared a. reproduction of St. Joachim, and It was named after that personage and tbe community which gave it birth— Joachlmsthaler. It was the first dol lar. Now note the evolution of the word •‘dollar" from this. Its polysyllabic an cestor. When the Joachimsthaler found Its way into medieval Germany It was warmly welcomed. A pra^tt,- cal people, however, goon tired of the length of its name, and by a judicious dropping of syllables It bertinte the “thaler.” The won! la that form still survives in Germany. When the thaler passed Into the Netherlands Hm 'prononciatr«r~wii Local and Personal —r\ Social and Personal News from Ellenton News from Williston Ellenton, October 24.—Mrs. N. S. Brinkley and Miss Elizabeth Brinkley were visitors in Auprusta Tuesday. Dr. Lombard Kelly, of Augusta, vis ited Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Youngblood Sunday afternoon. Mrs. G. C. Helmly, Miss Lena Helm- ly, Hii&H Willa Odom-and J. C. Bell motored to Augusta Monday. TRe Rev. B. H. Price has been the guest this week of Mr. and Mis. C. G. Ycungblocd.> Willistcn.^Oct. 24.—Mrr and Mrs. Williaih Melvin and daughters, Betty and Honey, of Smithfield, N. C., are visiting friends here and in Augusta. This family formerly lived at Willjs- ton. It is understood that they are contemplatirig moving hack here. Mr. and Mis. J. B. Reel and children of-Augusta, were visitors cf Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Merritt tlfisweek. - Dr. and Mrs. A. B. Fairey had as their guests this week the fermer’s ' - Misses Mildred and Martha Eubanks • mot ^ er » Fairey, of Rowes- .li ..:n« have returned from a visit with rela tives in Port Royal. Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Toler, Miss Marian Toler and Billy Toler motored to Sumter Sunday. Miss Martha Godbold has returned to her home in Pec Dee after visiting relatives here——„ ville, • . * * Mis- 5 Ruth Scott, of Augusta, left Tuesday after visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Scott. Miss SclJlt was graduated this month as a nurse at the University Hospital, Augusta. Miss Miriam Hodges has returned to het home at Otonee, Ga„ after vi<- Charles Daniels, of Aiken, arrived Ring her sister, Mrs. J. C. Folk. Monday for a visit with his aunt, Mrs. F. M. Youngblood. Mrs. C. G. Youngblood returned Tuesday from Augusta, where ‘he was th e guest for two day s of Dr. and Mrs. Lombard Kelly. Twin sons were bom recentlyy to Mr. and Mrs. Emmett Johnson. Their many friends regret the death of one of the little boys. W. B. Cassels and the Rev. Bruce H. Price were visitors in Aiken Thurs day. / Friends of B. A. Alexander regret to learn of hi# continued sickness in the Aiken hospital. Misses Clybum and Nancy Balietr, of services for BtfT. Amartda B6yd 'here last Friday. . N Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Bagncll, Jr'., and little daughter, Adell, of Jacksonville, Fla., arrived Monday for a visit with Mrs. W. S. Thames. Mr. and Mrs. M.-B. Robinson, of Yongues Island, were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Folk last week end. Mrs. J. W. Odioine, of. Manning, formerly of this place, visited Mrs. W. B. Powell last week-end. Mr. and Mrs-Dewey Munn and chil dren, of Pamplico, have been spending several days with Mrs. Munn’s par ents, Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Merritt. Th e Rev. and Mrs. W. R. Davis and Gordon Davig visited Charlotte this week and were accompanied home by the former’s mother, Mr*. J. F. Davis. ^Hart’s Battery Chapter, U. D. C., met at the home of Mrs. J.. W. Cook Charlotte, N. C., attended the funeial Wednesday afternoon. The purulent, Mrs. J. E. Kehttedy, opened the meet ;ng with a reading of the ritual. At the busines s session Mrs. John Miley was elected president; Miss Mattie Lee Bennett, secretary; Mrs. J. W. Cook, tieasurer; Mrs. A. S. Blanch- H. G. Stelling, of the Augusta boy ard vice present; Mrs. J. W. John- gcout council, was the principal speak er at a fathe r and son banquet given here Thursday night. Others on the program, which was presided over by Prcf. J. B. White, were Thomas Dun bar, Jr., W. B. Casbels, Prof. W. A. Foster, the Rev. Bruce II. Price ami the Rev. Cecil F. Outlaw. W\ A. Foste^xpent the week-end in Spartanburg with relatives. Hallow e>p Party at Court House. somewhat changed. Ther it was called the “daler." Then it crossed to Eng land, where, by use of the broad "i,” daler became “Uollnr.” Under this inodltied name and geographically truaxplanted, flie> Joachims!haler of the count of Sctiliek has grown and prospered. The ladiex of the Methodist Church will put on a Hallowe’en party at the Court House on Friday evening with ghosts, witche->, black cat s and dll things that go to make a teal Hallow e’en, beginning at 7::iO o’clock. Re freshments of witch’s brew, jello, sandwiches and other good eats will he served. Everyone ig a«ked to wear costumes as a prize will be given to the winner. « son, auditor; Mrs. G. W. WhitaU^pe historian; Mrs. J. L. Smith, corres ponding secretary; Mrs. A. M. Kenne dy, regi.-trar. Papers of Mrs. W. C. Cunningham and Mrs. G. W. Whita ker were interesting and instructive. Mrs. Q. A. Kennedy, Jr„ led the social activities which were novel and en joyed by those attending. The re- frexhmentg and decorations harmon ized in carrying out the Halloween metif. TRY A BUSINESS BUILDER FOR SATISFACTORY RESULTS STRAYED! Spotted Poland China Boar, weight about 500 pounds. Ear tag No. 668. Finder please notify W. L. Molair or L. M. Boyle-, Barnwell, S. C. We Are Buying No. 1 Pine Logs Sixteen Inches in Diameter and Up—Paying Cash as delivered by truck at mill situated on the paved high* ' *"— * i way six miles north of Blackville. Badham Lumber Company t BROWN A BUSH Attorneys-at-Law BROWN-BUSH BUILDING BARNWELL, SOUTH CAROLINA - PRACTICE IN STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS ’ 4 '* *. P ♦ QUARTERLY REPORT OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY DIRECTORS FOR THE QUARTER ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1931. - * * - * * PERRY B. BUSH, Clerk, Board of County Directors. % w J.-Wade Grubbs, deputy sheriff $50.00 B. M. Hair, chain gang 5.00 J. J. Bell, interest-on bonds l__ 3,263.15 W. D. Blacky county director 10.42 Idis Brabham, county director 10.42 L. S. Still, county director 10.42 R. R. Moore, county director 10.42 A. B. Patterson,'county physician 25.00 Frank Sanders, board of registration 12.50 _fcL JL .Crouch, salary and postage..— — B. S. Jloore, 3r., salai7**L- 115.00 Carlisle Courtney Home, special 60.00 Jennie P. Greene, salary __ r _ __ 8.33 W. H. Manning, salary and box rent — 56.30 J. R. Harrison, expense, demo, agent 10.00 G. M. Greene,, court house 4.80 F. S, Brown, com houae, jail, etc. 24.00 709 S. <?;' Power Co., jail and court house 710 Joe Baxley, salary, chain gang - 711 Bemic$ Still, ctyrin gang 712 i-Henry Hartzog, chain gang 713 " A. M. Anderson, chain gang W. C. Kennedy, constable and chain gajrg f 57.1 W. C. Kitchings, magistrate — x f 11.77 75.00 So.i/) 76.00 65.00 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 ’ 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 . 736 737 738' 739 740 741 742 74.] 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 762 (53 754 755 756 767 758 759 760 761 762 763 764* 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 H. B. Sanders, constable r W._K. Black, magistrate J. W. Sanders, magistral ---- F. E.- Sanders, chain gang and constable Milledge Black, _,chain gang — — - — L. F. Miles, chain gang ■}. Merritt Grocery Co,, chyn gang T. D. Creighton, Jr., County home, etc - - J. D. Adams Co., chain gang 0. D. Hammond, lunacy Margaret McAllister, salary ' John K. Snelling, salaty, lunacy and clerk - 50.0^J ' 12.50 - 12.50 t - 12.50 t 15.20 1 - 22.50 - 5.00 ■ / 43.15 5.00 *3.75 50.88 R. L. Bronson, court expense, postage, etc. 12.00 L. Cohen, chain gang -— 5-30 E. D. Peacock, chain gang -’ 15.75 Cassels Grocery Co., chain gang —- 105.19 L. T. Claytor, salary —- 16.66 B. H. Dyches, dieting prisoners -ILOO B_ H. Dyches, salary, jail, etc. ----- 208.46 George James, janitor 20.76 D. ■ W. Glover, constable — 29.16 G. O. Johnson, constable —— 27.91 C. L. Hiers, constable 15.83 G. R. Peeples, magistrate 29.16 W. S. Grubbs, magistrate — 25.00 C. S. Anderson, magistrate 14.68 Weiner Bros., chain gang 14.43 D. W. Glover, chain gang 4.50 f Perry B. Bush, chain gang — — - 3-85 H. A. Green, chain gang -»--- r — 15.32 J. L. Fields, chain gang and constable 16.58 J. M. Hill, magistrate - H-58 i. 66.39 75.00 3.00 5.00 "2M 60.58 _ 29.16 29.16 % 1.25 .J 1.9;: _ 95.9*.* 34.JO . 36.09 .. 28.50 . 5.00 3.60 95.98 .. 10.41 ._ 50.11 . 5.00 207.72 . 211.20 5.98 . 207.87 7j00 . 1.00 ._ 43.88 10.00 15.00 3.00 12.00 12.00 14.00 __ 9.00 2.25 __ 14.74 50.00 J. J. Bell, salary and postage — Sarah C. Armstrong, salary L. F. Randall, jail - J. J. Bell, court expense - — The People-Sentinel, stationery and adv. A. T. Russell, lunacy - •» P. W. Price, court Kouae J Vickery Bros., chain gang and court house W. P. Sanders, magistrate J. S. Still, constabf t , L * J. R. Harrison, chain gang Easterling and Co., fhain gang Lemon Bios., chain gang, jail, etc. ■_ R. A. Deason, chain gang and county home — ,J. L. Buist and Sons, county home C. F. Molair, county home W. H. Dyches, county home -' * P. W. Stevens, county hom c - Lemon Bros., county home — Irene H. Lemon, board of regent* - —V—>— A. J. Owens, county h-mc 1 — Cornelia Butler, 'county home -• Standard Oil Co., chain gang — Standard Oil Co., chain gang M. Holland, chain gang*. - E. f. Woodward, chain gang Charlie Brown, chain gang - W. T. Hankinson, chain gang . Barnwell Filling Station, chain gang Sarah Ray, county home — Preston Allen, county home H. J. Phillips, county home — E. O. Moore, county home C. O. Meyer, county home I. W. Rountree and Son, county home ..1 _ W. T. Hankinson, county home ...I.... ...... H. Antopolsky, jail — Souv Saddlery Co., chain gang ..' Mutilated. Gilmore Harlqy, deputy J . A _ B- Wi^ cfram gang 5.32 T. E. Kiningsworth, chain gang .1.10.91 D. P. Lancaster, contingent ; •_ 100.00 P. S. Greene, hfghway 11.50 Perry B. Bush, salary,’ clerk , 100.00 J. W. Patterson, salary, supervisor 118.75 W. D. Black, county director __ \q X. S. Still, county director ... io R. R. Moore, county director ... 10.42 Idis Brabham, county director 10.42 J. F. Kneece, M. D., lunacy .......I... ...... 5.00 Edna S. Valentine, lunacy *___ 5.00 A. Bi Patterson, county physician •_ 25.00 Jennie P. Gieene, rest room j. 8.3.3 S. C. Power Co,, jail and court hous e 12.73 B. H. Dyches, contingent 84.00 K. Diamond, chain gdng •_ : 5.40 Joe Baxley, chain gang 75.00 Bernice Still, chain gang 65.00 H. W. Sanders, public buildings 12.00 L. C. Fowke, board of equalization T 6.00 T. D. Creighton, Jr., county home ... T. 4.00 George James, janitor 24.60 D. P. Lancaster, salaiy, coroner =.I 50.00 H. B. Sanders, salary ; J 12.50 W. K. Black, magistrate rC 12.50 B. S. Moore, Jr., salary 115.00 C. L. Hiers, constable ___ 15.83 D. W. Glover, constable 29.16 G. R. Peeples, magistrate 29.16 W. H. Manning, county auditor 55.65 W. H. Hartzog, chain gang 75.00 A. M. Anderson, chain gang 65.00 L. Cohen, chain gang 10.76- W’einer Bros., chain gang 16.29 P. A. Bowden, chain gang T 12.68 Carlisle Courtney Home, special 30.00 W. P. Sanders, magistrate 29.16 J. S. Still, constable 29.16 C. S. Anderson, magistrate _I__ 14.58 Margaret McAllister, salary 18.75 B. H. Dyches,. salary, jail, etc. 1__ _____ 209.66 B. H. Dyches, dieting prisoners 63.60 * Merritt Grocery Co., chain gang —.---i 42.07_ C. F Molair, chain gang 34.7#^ i.6^ 835 683 837 838 X_ T. Clayior^cqunty home ----- ——- I6.1 Harrison,. demo* • *3t0•OO*-"n?- ■ G. M.' Aivderson. 'county home 5.00 Cornelia Butler, county home - 4.00 Preston Allen, county home 15.00 A. J. Owens, county home 50.31 . "—■ l -' 1 • ••— (CONTINUED ON PAGE SEV^N.)