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ARMY AN NAVY 'NEED TRAINED MEN THOUSANDS OF EXPERT WORK ER8 WANTED IN CIVILIAN BRANCHES OF SERVICE. MEAT CAREFULLY INSPECTED Every Part of the Supply for Army Use is Scrutinized, From Stock Yards to Mess- Desertions From Camps Duo to Discouraging Lettere. (From Commltt'c on Pubihc 1nforma.t1ion.) Vnaslinmgtoln.---'1'he clvil:in hrnncho8 of the armay nand navy are in nteed of thousands of highly trailned workwre, and before the end of 191u~ theso branches nust be incraet'd by at least 20,000. tccording to the civil service oinrtuission. The. . rdnanco depairtaent of the army necds large numbers of mechnn Ical englneer:;, draftSnltaf, chgjitsts, and mctadllurgists. Tri'u Usands of in spectors are wanted to pass og the quality o'f ordnance, ammun!!". and other supplies. For omibce w rk statis tticitls, aeeot ntfntS, I=-:.:'.: in business ndmninistraton. an. s;'4l:y trained clerk are r ':cdc '. The guart.-r:m::tKr -r w:.% sv eral thuc'; ni exa:.:::rs :x: t . ispa tors, ?+l , ssenogr and fr:'.& 'etras are needed. Th.' stgnal corp's 's sho of draftsmen. ' The navy has n:. - 7 '.:or of tlnc'es for drl: c ... :: rrfcttc(',;y f.:: .::.., f de -s -' * : rf n ", "rr a c tltre '-e7 r*e V'e Wb Siatt '. i - . ' .: :- r stat*~ir 'hey* e i- te :: py- *ni eitihe by r ' ' . L he r ofrr*. the. - rr ' m .l: o thequr rp ev fbthem '.An : w under..g. :1 t!e'fia tes whn t h ode.r'.. - n :d: e r .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ga *ato cornrnander ; looksinthema Ive befre heermtthe to. . Il'ided i 'n' dtme e.g u . ':t. .( a "'.. ;ltiC* '. :i; i~ tions iv" rgarding. . r mpl n o rio'nr f n't -an nt'rned ".''em 111I:ar '.-. i i ~'. &Y':'.l I :Ill/t :1 '* allon'a are f te fllowing" "s1lt tents: 1l ' ,If/ il lt ll " e . fft lftt l" tI "t 1 era as eth ya, t ll 1 ot i t to ltabo wbtin tbe ttqirdto perftr wof}ir nec tea.r for theyr comfrt r:2"r forthe~ teep ofar, the'jr~irprs b~arrdaks . I tornedAa ernem 'talmite wil ntS heme frau opuior liabo xcpnn.r idd in tis par ara. egia Prisoers of waran ieedi onier Warrlitean, i ofetty, and nomsu iont< fficean be required to rwork foc pkoftheir rie-hey baycs bena tored eteo work n wi nown e fcot. Undey r xcepttnal 4ero thesertr of war, theey ay, oiht warats Petty end noncomis eonierd mfaeyr mny reqauored t<ft thrr owork on their own acout ad uo their written request, mabe author' meot work rpinv'te pesone ornnr noy other prisoners of war, excep~t thn they wvill be0 employed1 in a suipervis ory capacity only. An order for laubor will be regardle( as a military commiandi, and1 prisoner: fniling to ohey sucha order will be pun Ished accordlingly. When employed on work that is nee. essary for their comfort, or for the tupkeep of the prison harr'acks ir which they aro interned, prisoners will receive no compenasa tion. WVher the wvork is (done for the government prisoners will be0 paid at a rate ac cording to the work executted ; when tework is done foiloter branches of the public service 'r for privatec persons the conditiors of and thec compensation for such' work will be settled in agreement between repre sentatives of said branches or per sons an'd the adjutant general of the army.' In a recent statement the war dt pnrtment strongly advises against dis couraging letters to soldiers: "Recent reports from commandilng generals of certain army divisions in dicate that one of the fruitful causes of soldiers absenting themselves with out leave is the (lscouraglng letter from home. Such letters frequently give alarming and exaggerated reports of conditions surrounding the sol(ier's family, that some member is desper ately ill, that all are starving, or that they are being in some way harassed. In instances such letters have so preyed upon the minds of soldiers that they have absented themselves with out leave to go home, only to find that conditions had been grossly ex aggerated. "Meanwhile the soldier had been ab sent without leave--a serious military offense. His problem then became one of facing the penalty or getting deeper into trouble by deserting. Some times a man's pride or fear has led him to desert. "Every soldier wants to receive let ters from home. They should be fre quent, cheerful, hopeful, and appre ciative of the sacrifice that he is making for his country. They should be full of family incidents and cheer ful home gossip. They should pro tect him from the trilling alarms and the small annoyances of everyday life. They should encourage him by giving full confidence that his faintly and his friends stand behind him in the great enterprise he has undertaken. "The value of such letters to soldiers is beyond estimate. The harm that discouraging letters fivu home do to is clearly indicated by reports at :.e adustart general's office. Here some extracts from recent reports .: 0:: commandera: I :. also. that many of the fainm es the men write to them of un s i.::ry ar1ittons at home, sick. ess of re.atices, and how much va r.:-:-s mcbnt.ers cf the faitly wish to s:- ehe s der. These letters. so far is 'ckness ,tc.. Lre concerned. are of':e: bverdrawr.. t.t- combine d with the homesic-k fe'ng. often resuit in the nit: g:r }bse:. without leave L.1t f iri& 1 . r~ :'t 3::'.pd as a de lfee.":'e. "I l 1 tiln -: tse!*it : "l L:. tri - - 1 1 r s "e'. ..telli* t. ' ': i h lijjr'. lii :' I .ea ! ~ ' 11 - *i.'l 9 ? '.it E:W' b:l' :fra from hom . t o the na'.q t a wife, ester, or 'moter "1 ct't 1.:': . ylg, very ll), or in de . (i'.ie ci'un tnw'es, a 'nd begged the it . tjj ':Qit brne tt once. Many 01 he men miNitted that when they ar i ved h'J they found thut the writeT of the letter had exaggerated condi tionmis.' "Many young soldiers, fresh frorr haome, suffer from homesickness, n< mnatter how nrmy officers may try t< make their su'roundings pleasant ani comfortable and provide prope1 noliusementst. Extraordinary einas ures have been taken by the war de paartment during the past year to keel the young soldier actively engage< while in camp with sports, amuuse ments, and comforts that a wholesom psychology might be sustained. Still a type of soldier will yearn for homi and fall into a brooding mood. It I obvious how har'mf .il to him and t the service a discontented letter froi hiome mIght be." The enrolliment of more than 102,00 b~oys between sixteen andim twenty-on yer ; ofge for fain work this s'so in the boys' worki lg reserve of th Unite'd States emtiploymnent service ha heen made(1 by six state(s, a(Wiccrtlng an an mnouncemnent by thle dlepartnment 0 Inhor. The states first reporting were Californla, 22,000; Indiana, 18,845; II lnols, 2:,000; Ohio, 18,000; Tennessee In Rthode Island high school boy. ma beling enroll in the reserve trainied in handling farm maicinerya imid sent in groups by automobile ta fnrtners to dlemonstrate their ability. Men's colleges and unIversitIes na making prompt response to tihe re. quest of Secretary of Labor Wilson that their stuti~~ts be enrolled in the tpublic service reserve and placed 01i farms thIs mimmer to assIst in foomi Product ion. They will lie placed willi Ifarmers through the Unltedl States employment service, whh the nid1 o) the conmty agents of the department of agriculture. Swimming is to be taught Roldler.< in sonie training camps this~ summner as a muliary requiriemenit, necordlinJ to thle commi ssioni on Itlaining 01nmi1 aetIvities. A staitemuent by3 the (comt miisslon shows that 118,000) soldiers ii ('amps partlipatedl in organized hits ket hallI last season. The alltmtienlt of meat purchase: for the army, navy, and mar'ine corps and1( the allies has becen consoiitlatea in a single bureau, with headquarters in Chicago. IH1 IY.. 1-Recent view in ruined Ypres reviewing a body of American infant of the bombing squadrons. NEWS REVIEW OF THE PAST WEEK Germans Defeated With Awful Slaughter in an Attack on Ypres Salient. PREPARING FOR NEW SMASH Americans Gallantly Repulse Hun As. sault Near Amiens - Teutonic "Peace Offensive" Developing Third Liberty Loan Heavily Oversubscribed-Plans to Expand Our Army. By EDWARD W. PICKARD. Mcnday of last week was a bitter day f.:r the Hun-the day of his worst d'-e.* see the great spring drive be ?.:-. tn.er orders fr'm General von A.'- tl:r Scherpenberg. Mont R~C-re._ ..M : . Nor'ndi all the highh ^ b -i- " f Krnel. the Ger m:s ': .r !. the:lveS time after t: t . . -t . ': l 'f Brit St..tt Trt'm'". ' 4"jr, r. !'Jy '. fall : t..' M. Q 1s'.r ? of'E ta y r: }:!. r.'"; 1 ... !t f 1 ' .r'i ti. e !s 'hes ye eot. rj'umb-rs of gray-uijformnerd idrs front of the defendinsg poytj tit showed the awful price the Hun had paid. ioreover, he had nothing to show for this rexpenditure of life, for the allied lines were virtually in tact at all points, and the British late in the afternoon counter attacked north of Kemnmel and regained consid erable ground previously lost. .Tust to the west of this position, about Locre and at the cross roads between Scherpenberg and Miont Rouge, the French met the fiercest assaults of th~e day. Changing hands several times, Locre was held by the Germans at nightfall, and they had pushed ahead until the situation was most critical -for the defenders, but the French - came hack with such irresistible (lash I that the advance was stopped, and af I ter dark they pushed the Germans out -of Locre and hack from the positions they had won between the tw~o hills. In this, the most pretentious attack 5 on the Ypres salient, the British andl r French, largely ontnumberedl, fought with equal gallantry and determinna tion. At t~he some time thme brave Belgians, farther north, repulsed an other attack, not yielding a foot of ground. The kaiser hadl just visited the Glermuan lines and exhorted his Stroops to push the British hack to the channel, "where they belongcd," hbut the stubborn Tommies didnm't wish to be pushed, and they were not. The big attack probably had the double purpose of capturing Ypres and di verting large numbers of allied troops from the Amiens salient so the Gier mans could make another drive there, hut neither object was attainedl. The artillery fire from both sides was con tinuous andl very heavy, and the Ger mans, despite the excellent wvork of the airmen, improvedl their transport and brought tup many of their large guns. The British batteries west of Kemmel devotedl much of their efforts duiring the week to deluging the top of that hill with shells, so that the Thuns were unble to obtain any bene fit from its capture. The int~nse activity observed be hind the German lines indicated that Von Arnim wvas preparing to resume the attack on the Ypres salient imme dintely. Except for Kemmel lill, his troops are ,occupyinmg lower ground than that held by the allies, and they (ntnnot continue there long under the smat her-lng fire of the British and F-rsnch artillery. If they cannot gain the line of heights they seemingly miuue qoon retire. Yu'howing their udisnstrous repulse a [I-' anhers, the enemy made two at. inels in the Amiens region, The fir.At wit dhirected especially at the Amern cnn troops, now~ revealed as holding DOs-itionq in the vicinity of Vimlas objective of the Germans in Flanders. ry at the front. S-One of the huge Bretonneux, east of Amiens. After an intense preliminnry bombardment lasting two hours, the Glerimans ad vanced, three battalions strong, and hand-to-hand fighting ensued nil along the line. The Americans put up a de fense that won the warm praise of the French commanders on their flanks, and the Runs. after considern ie time, were driven back with heavy less. The losses of the Americans were said to he rather severe. The second attack was made Wed nesday night in the Thennes sector, southeast of Amiens, and was as coin plete a failure as the other. Already, the expected ' Teutonic "peace offensive" is beginning to de velop, as it always does after the kaiser has won some successes and then has been brought to a halt. Charles of Austria is said to have made peace offers to Italy, the real purpose of which is evidently to cre ate discord in Italy and at the same time to quiet the discord among his own subjects. The pope, it is under stood, will put forth pence proposals on Whitsuntide, May 19, making con crete offers of mediation by the holy see. Germany's own offers are ex pected after another great effort his been made to smash the allied armies in France. This pece offensive will he no less effnsive to the allies than its prede '(srs. They will not he deceived by off rs to restore Belgium and to cede Lorraine. Nothing less than the ut ter defeat of the central powers will satisfy them, urless there is an un believable change in the state of mind of the governments and the peoples. This is no less true in America than in England and France. The Ameri can casualty lists, though still com paratively short, are scattering all over the country's map little black dots of mourning, each of which he comes the center of a strengthened de - termination to see the war through to complete victory. The Austrian emperor is truly hav ing a hard time keeping his subjects to their allegiance. From Serbian sources conmes the news that the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in the dual mon archy are holding a plehb'scite on the plan to join with Serbia andl Monte negro in one national independent stato, with Peter' of Serhia as the king. This movement is led by the prime archbishop of Carniola. Mean while the Austro-Hlungarian military commanders have been greatly exer cised by the tact, just nnnouncedl, that large numbers of Bohemian troops are joi'hing the Italian army nnd are now on the Italian front in Italian uniforms. They belong to the Czecho0-Slova k army wh ichi is bel r.g formed at nmany points within Austria lutagnry. Though they have slowed up a bit In Russia proper, the Germans are go ing ahead steadily with their penetra tion of Ukraine, and now have es tablished military rule in Kiev, its capital, on the ground~ that the gov' Prnmenit has proved too weak to main tain law and order. A number of the members of the Ukraine government have been arrested. Of course, the prevailing disorder there is mainly due to the presence of the German troops andl their oppression of the peo ple, but a little discrepancy like that does not bother the kaiser. Recently General von Eichthorn. the German commander there, ordered the peas antry to return all property and ef fects tnken from the landholdlers and to hegin at once the cultivation of the estates. Thist orde.r. designed to pro tect the interests of the landholders, most of whom are Poles and Rtussians, was vigorously otpposed by the rada, which declared it would not permit in terference by German or Austro-Hun gornn commandlers in the internal af fairs of the country. VTe minister of agriculture was instructed to tell the peasants not to obey Von Elehhhorn's order. Berlin annnouncedl on Thursday that Sevasttopol had been occuzpiedl by the Germtan forces. For a day or two last week the wvorld was star'tledl by a report that there had benen a enounter-revolut in in Russia, nnd that the former czar's little son had been proclaimed empesor, with his unzche. (Orand Duke Michael, as re gent. Th'le story camne from Scan dinavia, a m.,n -.. ecgizda EIGHT SOLDIERS KILLED IN WRECK " THE DEAD AND INJURED MEN WERE MOSTLY FROM THE TWO CAROLINAS AND TENNESSEE. CAUSED BY SPFADING RAIL S Troops From Jackson Had Just Start ed to Camp Sevier, Greenville, Military inquiry is Started. Columbia, S. C.-Eight soldiers were killed and 26 injured when a wooden passenger coach carrying members of the 321st infantry jumped a trestle at Camp Jackson. The soldiers had just. entrained for Camp Sevier at Green ville and the train was pulling out of camp at a very low rate of speed. As it approached a trestle a big steel coach struck a spreading rail. This hurled the wooden coaches im mediately in front down the em bankment. A military inquiry into the cause of the wreck was begun by a board headed by Lieut. Col. Halsteadt of. tle 321st infantry, 81st division, to which all of the dead soldiers were attached. All of the dead were pri vates. . List of Casualties. The official list of the dead and in jured follows: The dead are: Private Edgar Simpkins, Co. K, 321st infantry; father, Wm. E. Sim mons, Patmost, Arkansas. Private Philetus C. Swann, Co. K, 321st infantry; mother, Mrs. Ninna Swann, 10 1.2 North Park square,. Asheville, N. C. Private Marion O. Hawkins, Co. K, 321st infantry; father, S. A. Hawkins, R. F. D. No. 2, Marion, N. C. Private William E. Lowery, Co. K, 321st infantry; father, Samuel Low ery, Alta Pass, N. C. Private Jess Reno, Co. I, 321st in fantry. Father, Tom Reno, Soddy, Tenn. Private Andrew Scoggins, supply company, 321st infantry; father, Arch Scoggins, R. F. D. 1, Ooltewah, Tenn. Private James L. Leatherwood, Co. L, 321st infantry; brother, Thurman L. Leatherwood, Waynesville, N. C. Private Benton Goolsby, Co. A, 321st infantry; father, John Goolsby, Pauls Valley, Tenn. The injured arQ: Thomas I. Fitzgerald, Trenton, Tenn.; L. P. Ramsey, Asheville, N. C.; Andrew Shoulders, Dierks, Ark.; F. M. Henry, Willets, N. C.; John W. Frost, Gilliken, N. C.; George W. Stoke, Louisville, Miss.; George S. Thompson (Indian), Ella, N. C.; Franklin P. Poindexter, Mooresville, N. C.; Charles M. Deal, Hickory, N. C.; Jacob Kluttz, East Spencer, N. C.; John W. Rook, Robersonville, N. C. William A. Brown, Ramnseur, N. C. Robert C. Harris, Rocky Mount, N. C.; W. J. McKinnon, Henderson, Tenn.; Dewey Kilpatrick, Asheville, N. C.; Richard Grey, Shallotte, N. C.; Ches ter Sircy, Todd, N. C.; WV. C. Bryson, Candler, N. C.; Hugh Aldridge, Bald win, Miss.; Robert A. Moore, Clio, S. C.; Roscoe Braswell, Montezuma, N. ( C.; William South, Ashland City, Tenn.; Lonnie High, Whitesville, N. C.; John E. Hyatt, Weaversville, N. C.; William Ledford, Almond, N. C. SAYS ATTEMPT TO BLOCK OSTEND WAS A FAILURE London.-The German submarine base of Ostend on the Belgian coast has been blockedl as a result of a neWv raid by the British naval forces, the admiralty announces. The obsolete cruiser Vindictive, filled with~ con crette, has been sunk across the en trance to the harbor.2 Berlin (via London).-The British attempt to liockade the harbor of Os tend was a failure, according to an of ficial statement. An 01(d cruiser, en tirely batteredl to pieces, lies aground before the harbor outside the naviga tion channel, and the entrance to the. harbor is quite free, the statement continues. TWO NORTH CAROLINA4 SOLDIERS ARE DEAD Greenville, S. C.-Two deaths of sol diers in the 50th dlivision, both of which occurred Wednesdlay evening, were announced at divisional head quarters, Camp Sevier. They were9 Private James R. Cullum, 120th infan try, whose next of kin is a sister, Mrs. E. A. Frazier, Durham, N. C., and Geruver Woodring, 105th ammunition train, next of kin, father, H. B. Wood ring, of Sands, N. C. SUBMARINE OPERATIONS ARE GREATLY HAMPERED German submarine operations from the harbor of Ostend, Belgium, haveo been seriously hamp~eredl for a time if not rendered impossible by a daring raid made on the harbor by the Brit ish. An officials statement issuedl by the British admiralty says the chah nel leading out of the inner harbor' has been completely blocked by the hulk of the 01(1 cruiser Vindictive, which was maneuvered into position, under heav fire and then sunk. 2-General Pershing and his aides bombs used by the British aviators German propaganda, though there was doubt as to its motive. It was not conflrmed from any Russian source. Possibly the Germans meant to use the alleged revolt as an excuse for seizing Petrograd, a move they al ready have threatened to make unless the Russians agree to their outrageous ly unfair plnn for the exchange of prisoners. According to this plan, which Russia rejects, all German pris oners in good health are to be re turned, th, unfit being kept in Rus sin ; and all unfit Russian prisoners will be returned, the fit being retained in Germany. Another bit of characteristic Ger man insolence cropped up last week, when Berlin formally protested against the action of the allies in giv ing aid to the Red guard of Finland, because it interfered with the internal life of Finland, though the Germans themselves are helping the White guard of the country with land and sea forces. This combination has now occupied Viborg after severe fighting. The tussian bolshevik government is really preparing to re-enter the var against the central powers, whose ag gressions have become intolerable. The pan-executive council at Moscow has adopted Trotzky's plan for uni versal military training for all men between the ages of eighteen and forty and the conscription of all work ers and peasants. The best military experts have been recalled to the serv ice and the government expects to have a large and effective army with in ten months. War work in America is progressing with unprecedented speed these days. The third Liberty Loan campaigt closed on Saturday with the $3,000. 000.000 of bonds heavily over-sub scribed. The most satisfactory fea tures of this loan are the large num bers of individual subscribers and the fact that the country districts took a portion of the loan relatively much larger than they did of the previous issues. As the campaign neared its end the enthusiasm became really tre mendlous. All classes of the popula tion joined in the work of selling the bonds, andh most substantial aid was rendered by 50 wounded American sol diers and1 a group of French "Blue Devils" who came over from France for the purpose. The war dlepartment permitted it to lie known that it now plans to have 1.000,000 men in France by July 1, andi that considlerably more than 500, 000 nre already there. Secretary Ba ker says the army will be expandedi to 3.000,000 merr and then will he made nts much lairger- as is considered necessary. The movement of troops neross the Atlantic is so swift that the trin iing camps are being emptiedl, and therefor-e t he dfraft registrIants are be ing colled in increasing numbers. Sec. retary Daniels is enthusiastic for arl army of unimited size, and says if there are not enough young men to whip Germany the uge limit will be changed and the older ones will go. The brigading of the Americans with the British and French has greatly expedited the placing of the men on the firing line, for now only 80 days of irnining in France is considered necessary. The senate grew impatient all of a sudd~en last Tuesday and three bills were introduced for expandling the army. In the house Chairman Dent of the militar-y affairs committee also in trodutcedl such -n abill, but he would limit the size of the army to 4,000,000 men. As usual, he is not in accord with the spirit of the nation. On TIhursday Secretary Baker pre Isented the administration's program to the house committee. It includes ex penditur-es on the army aggregating $13,000,000,000 in the next fiscal year ; manufacture of artillery on a stun pendous scale; dIrafting of at least 1,000,000 additional registrants and as many more na can b~e equIpped and transported to France. The Ov'erman CO-Ordination bill1 was [passed b~y the senatte Mondlay by3 a vote 04 03 to 13, and( when it gets through the house there will he little in any way connected wvith the war which the president will not b)e em powered to do. The measure gives him dlictatoritl powers to reorganize bulreaus andi departments of the. gov ernment am1 to transfer government functins at will.