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H ASUTlHOPE SLITTLE HP OF AVOIDING WAR BERLIN HAS NO EXPECTATION THAT HOSTILITIES WITH U. S. CAN BE PREVENTED. RATHER DEFER THAN AVOID Ultimate Hostilities inevitable if President Adheres to Position That Loss of American Life Is Hostile Act. ('openhagen, via Loindoni. - ittl hiopen or expectation prevails in ihierlin that war wih the United State's is avoidable, or that a modus vive'ndi re (onefliing Ilie policies of the two (,o. ernm111ients (al be found. litere now is a lesire on thie pal of ite authtloritles and a vast hulk of the Io)le to avoid aculial hostilities in any way consistent with the general lines of the present submarine policy. but only in such a way. Acordingly. instrucions were givetn, so the Asso litIeintPrs has lwetn reliably infor ed, to sunmarine conimanders before they sfartdi on their foblruary mi. sion, to fake the safe sile wlln no(ni tral vessels, particularly Ani-itani. wer eini quett'stion, whenlever possible. Eneniviey ilerha nmetift wlen recogli ed as such. were ordered to heun411k at sight, blut. neutral Iierclia nt ilena were to be warned viwhen such awlini.. In thei' jtidgilelli. was contisleit wi'li tle object of tile captiitaigi '*h. safely of their1t owit sllips. It is realizedi. lowve r. that itfie thwpomptl~ anll res~ohile sA111 In (otilld only It piallit ive aill ot n!ly dl fer, not avoid, an titiate hata .\i so, that if P'reucsillnt Wilson slotl hv fthis anilonll e ntii that fie hs'r l tin l' .\t ricvall lives or ships wouil he re1-gardiedl as all act of ho tiit y. a ensuls helli must.- comeo soonefr wr In t er probably 1 one '01. Ieo to .f t ho nubI ) o -IIf AmIlerican -.1 it nil em-.-(II thIps. AlItreovr, I hire was Il iI t'roflottary IaI it' of Ifth ins'r 1.110, 1 to sbliiar cl onuiands. l who wI lu1formel ihat while Ile c.1ful tour towaril ionoicals was re'omiiniide'd an i desire , fliy wo lt llo loiger It-, Z - jected to puishment1 1 fi'lr d(i t in from t ir formlfui ter r Itif tire of wari. Ing, if they foudith (is :iivis:ihle. It i., vons,*idered 1that 11he oly pal. sihility of th' aoi l;l (. of hostilitie t wold Insult fr-omi a1 inodificationl of its stadoint by oni a r tht e othe: sIde, and1l before (lie Associattl Pr- ': corres nll nl t.'s i t'ldepai fro i kt' ji 54"B lin), there s'evimed nio prlobablility thia; (ermanlly wouildh give way tii t int or albaiduoin the ruthless caiplaigli un0'w starIted. FOUR MILLION DOLLAR FIRE LOSS IN PITTSBURG SUBURB. Machine Shop of Union Switch and Signal Company Destroyed. Pit.stsu. The niachltine "hiop building of te Unaion Swi(clh mail S g nal ('tmpan y. f le lartgest planit foir the. manutfattcte oft sw it ch signals iniii he t(inied St ates. andit until r'ecently en gagedl in filling nunifion ordlers for' the hEuopean (overnmetfs. Iotatfed at Swissdale. ai suburh'l. was dest royedl by firea with a loss eaf tintal ed at $4.000i.000. The anumse of the fire lias tnot been de' termui Ined, ailt-ough officials tif th o comipany beitevMe it resutltedl from spon tani~et iiobuist ion. The blaze st art ed in thle piacking~ depart ment of the building and, fail ned by a high wind, gained such head way thant ft was necessar-y to call out the fire departmuents from (lie adjoin ing horoughs of Brtaddock. Wilkins burg. North Bradldock and Rlankin. and a piart- of thei Pittsbiurgh ticpar * umnut. DEMOCRATIC SENATORS HOLD CAUCUS AND APPROVE MEASURES Washiuigtn - Tlhie dilomahftie brean wVithi Germany haviing beeni indorsedl by thte Senate. Pongress is devoting itself toi impor-tant general hiuisines q. together with emergency measuires neessitatedi by ft' traiined intern.u tionial siltiation. tion ini the Senate inicludtlr espioniage' j ~~and conspir-acy lulls r'ecommul'tende biy the Attorney General. and amend ments to the shipping laws. Tht' Senu I' ate expects to piass the Poto Rican citizenship bill during flit tma- pat of the present week,. aftert whitch a fighit agin- will be instituted for legis * lation In the penintg postoffice a ppro priation increin(ttutg the rate oni news. papers a nd pieriodlicals and provid(1ing~ for one-cent dropi letter postage. neov. enue legislation also will he pressedi in the Senate within a few days. Revenue Bill Approved. Democratic Seniators, at their third revenue caucus, finally approved, with ?,mei~nments andI pledlgedi thleir support to the 11 hipasedi by the llouse to provide approximately $50,000.000 adl. ditional reenue to meet the ant ic'ipated( treasury defIcit. The IHouse pr-ovis fons to raise $248.000,000 through add!. tional taxes on inheritance~s and "cx V ~ cess profits," and for a bond Issue of 00,000,000 te. pay for the Danish31 . st Indies, Alaska Railroad and (2 tier expenses were modified only h gb*Iy. WILSON DECIDES COURSE TO PURSUI DETERMINES MOVE IN EVEN GERMANY MAKES USE OF FORCE NECESSARY. PROTECT AMERICAN RIGHT! If President Goes Before Congress I Will Not Be to Declare War, But tc Protect American Rights. Washington.-The course to be tatk en by the United States If crmany compels the use of force to safeguart .American rights. hats beent determined It wts eard atthoritatively aftl the Cabinet nt eeting i that in the eveia President Wilsonl goes before Co!] press agatini. it will not he to ask Ii a declaration of war, but to follow literally tleP words of the address in which he announced the break of dIII) lomIatic relations, and request author ity to use meais deemed necessary to rotect Atuerican seamen and people, Ille I'resident, it was said, is as antixiotus as ever to avoid war with Germany. htit also is as detetrmine'l ats 4-v'er that Americant citizens anad ships shall be free to travel the higih as unmttlested. His next step, if taketn. will he to enfor'ct that right, 11nd even then tit, issue of war or wae vil! he with (emniany. Aiy losti Itttt will have to coie ill heform #if -)I interlference- with anl Am rc n right. tails of Ith I vernm etl's plats tre n1ot diseis'ed. It is kttown. how 'veT. ltha at onvi Oing and attmning of 1'0r< hailip are being conlsideredl. No ew dtvIlopment came to ittdi that the overt act by Germaly 0gard1ed4 -. ietvitable was nearer at attnd0. F''vr reilits of ships sink -ane, il. anltd noot- tohl officially of the 4 ' If .\til vrian life. Further~l inifor atin r't'iveil about George Wash ' th'- g i tiretnitl lost oil the it'o .indiented tItat he probably vat a lIrit i~It sub~jit. In Illy tvtery mettmber took t4) b tb 3 titrat ittn atbout the al if h i: le'partititttettt itt coline' ioll with thi gtnt-al precauttions he. ttg taken. (utsttiots discussed itt. 'lde poinimol i eergenlcy legisla itn. 11, fI' r t pro41tecting propert.. ail problerns picipitated by the aliltre oif -hip'- ltl Satil from American witIs for turopi, economic istues and h, Armly and N atv y preparation. Afltr te eIeting, it. was authori at ivly Stated thlat nothing had yt; tt pqtned4t to Chalgtt the coutrse putr. .ued bv th" tovt'rimttealt sitce the treaK itt 't-lations with Gertmany. Th'eti effect of Ih tying ttp of ships t Amrica harbors ht-atse of fear hat they will be stunk if tihey pass brougtt the wart zole. is ole of the ttostiotts being given t airefut cotsid. tratiOl. hle enforted idleness of the netrchanit fleet is a sublject of gtrow tig exa'lperation. 1ED CROSS PREPARED TO CARE FOR ARMY OF MILtON. A.ccording to Reports to Washington Headquarters - Chapters Are Reacd) For Field Service. Watshingtont. -- - An expert hospitatl or(e altutitiint to tare for an atrtmy by te lied 'ross withint a few daty; atfteor an ottbreak of hlost ilities, itt tile hielief 0f officials at hteaidquarterts Ltf tile society here. Since this c-all was Issued lFebruatlrv 3 itnst rtcting Red Cross hlatpters throughout the couttrty to tilsce themtl selves ttt a footinug fotr lieldI work tinty 'incottratginlg repots have heet rturnted to iheadquterstt 1, t oge t ll'i wvith it gre.~at t lotod tf plersonta ofte., of s''tvit'e. I'li0' Watdswor-th, actit chalrrman, tstimtatted that thte fott' which coul be mobtitlized immtlediactel. in case of war woutld Intclude: Twettty-six cotmpletecly equtippe army' atnd natvy' base htospital uttits w'ith a tot at per-sotnnel of 1.250 lurse: A hospital hat'+ reserve of 415 nutrse A totrps of expert Instrt't~ors int stur gical driessinlgs. totallg about 120. Thitty-two patilly comlplete niav' dletachmlenlts of 20 nuirses eatch. Otne hundred t't antd fiftteen~ tot-a emergency detaIchmlentts. 10 patienlts to ech nurttse," he addlet "we could thuts take enre of 50,00 sick andt w'otttded at on1ce. In th ear'lier stages of wttr. tile prOoorto of sick and wountded Is abotut flye pt cent. Inl othler words, we are' prepare today to give e'xpertt nurtising service anl army of 1.000,000 meni. "No Nationatl emerdtgenlcy has evc fountd tile Ried Cross bettetr prtepart tani It is totday." INCREASED RATE ON SECOND CLASS MAll WVashington. - An immledialte crease from one to 0110 antd a hla OCtnts ai pound~ in tile postage r'ate c newsl'papers andh perIodicals for' thi Year. Is pr'ovidedl in the plostoffice a propriatiout hilt ordered repoted: the Senlate bly the postoffice eotmmi tee. The Senate commtlittee alt ret'comlmentled aln amlendmletnt treseln lng after July 1, 1917, the rate on ctr letters to one cent an ounce In ecit and on rural routes. W00l (Copyright.) SPEED UP WORK ON |IG SHIPE ALL WORKING FORCES DOUBLE[ AND CONSTRUCTION WILL BE RUSHED TO LIMIT. All Possible Steps to Prepare For Any Orders In Event That Country Enters Into War.-Just Waiting For Word to Go. Washngtn.-onsrucionwork oil warships buIilding at the plants of the Newport News Shipbuilding &- Dry* dock Co., thle F~oreive Shipbuilding Company and the Ellectrie Hoat Com11 pany, will b~e speeded up( '1)o the limit of these plants. Work 1). (lte two -.ut perdreadnauights building at the New port. News yadis proceedinlg midet doubled cre ws at thev suggostionl of Secretary Dailv. :11nd the Secrotarv nveepted the proposal o)f the wothr t wc plants to ,jilmlilvrl haN.I stell work oil theu warl vessels h1 Y are building. At the Niwirt N(-ws plant it is 4-sltimated that the. battleshlip Alissis sip.recently launlched.* can be comll plotedl by midl:unot11er instvead of Janl u1arY 1. 191S. a.; calledt for- inl the con. tr1act. The keel of one of the four new hbatlesh"lips recently contracted fo) will be. laid onl the 0lp Vacated by the Alississippi instead of a mnerchant yes sel, as had been lintended. Repr-esenitatives of the Fore Rlivel and Electric Bloat Company called )I Mlr. Daniels, offering to rulsh Work 0: destroyers and submarines, for whic] they would set aside private workc They were told to go ahecad at full speed. The plan is to get the vesseli launched as soon as possible, fr-eeinj stocks. for. then new set of destroyer! and submarines to be au1thorized 11 the pending nlavy bill. Lopdon.Cutvn)rntrfo All sseil Step gtve Prae ou Entfar aist Warthint pwiin oth orsh Go.nett etw h announcemei~n wat made pbys t heFo eign or Ofie sIt ollowe au onfe&rn 'oreign Atais and Ambtti tassadc The wob sereecloete for thearil on t hoer dliberati.ons, but t e wosi perueaonauof ts hemconference, the Nw eign1 Ofews yaruthortie announcemert of Great rwis attlecisitone I ito acc days ago.4'( t the mssamel tie. the' I plgntst Ofiiicabled htn decintli 1 tme w1t'partmen t at Wahingtonti. 1(s taitdthat Great Nrti iVs eady i i granitCoutttl lontiBherns (trf lafe co dt. but itttticoul nott~ ofuaran the formeri I, Amall dor'ins se againct *te actl of o is own th ounor men. Thel ritsh G~cnl oen ment ha fo presedtielas aou th onmeet ie tate( eprtm'ent'sa womashes. ec Wrlashnto.-mbassadto ru werkard -Theyu er toldte to goahyadort fue spfee is Thred byti t the aeseal luned as soeonlys possible. foreelti socim for turse n vset of hisstatic o atio titnlrom t eman Gtovrne thegarding aveay orani ohels FIRT AERCUNT VERTOF Fo-ignOfficeMAINom WAmSsEG Lonon-Te Bitshsteme T Lomresultng i tdth on antAmericfo me- nerfrman Amedsaeorg te Was o faron acitingti th arpoert to t AiGonments fom ueenswThw atCinBaytwa madterb heria fo: cig- Fiflme. Uth foloe amn survfivoi p he TurhnA.o, ofo0 tonetasy fc Threpo wr lsteda aln rm forfonkaJa an hr 19ltolierpool. hta h o TINE'S DAY It Rhona ;'MGR ATION BILL IS PASSE[ iWAS FIRST VETO OF PRESIDEN'l WILSON TO BE OVERRIDEN. BY CONGRESS. Japan's Protest Against Asiatic Ex clusion Section Disregarded-In ternational Situation Up. Washtington.-Congress hias over riden a veto by President Wilson foi the first time, and enacted Into law th( immigration bill with Its long-foughi literacy test provision. The Senat( voted 62 to 19 to pass the mieasur( notwithistanding the veto and inl spitt of eleventh hour information that Ji pan again had protested against thi language of the Asiatic exclusion sec tionl. The Illouse overturnedl the veto by . vote of 28'7 to 106, so thle Senate's ae tion endis the contest ( f 20 years' standI ing inl which threeC pres-idenlts hlave re pudiated similar bills passed by ('oi gr~ess. Thle international situation wa. brought into the closing debate h thie S enate. Senator Reed calling atteil 11ion to the Japanese objection ani' pleading that nothing be done at thif time to disturb or impair the counjtry' relations with a frienidly niationl. Seml tor SmAnith, of 'South Carolina, chai: mani of the Immigration Committec answered with the declaration that th, present state of international affahr emphasized the necessity of a Inur( - homogenous American people such a theo bill was Intended to proteet. Th'le vote on re-passage of the bil 5was as follows: 3 To over-ride the veto: 1W D~emocrats --Ashurst, Bankhea, HekaByn Cabran h Io,CueroFecelade Hughes.JamesJohnso,Mi ' er, iby Ln, ee arin/ -rs'Oeran Ph/n Pitan7 o / rn.Rbno, hfoh hpa a Cmmvins.CuIO, DILLIngam PAaE Jaalnger Prona, Agarint Josiai KE '-yn, LaSletion LDsrgrMcdumb r teraSmoo. Siterin SUthe. a rTowsend PWadeoth Wsof Y Ttal, 6e2a. eatditolwLi lAteaintst oviiog the ena Demwcrhsats-g heis Huetoadin Jpih lan.ug of Sothe Dsat; 'xLewionseM The ompsoeluri-11. et vdt PonSto 1pp, So heman, Smith, ich('idan the en-8.tf2 vasstfi o Senatorc heon, whoe vte to ve c - ideli te vetoa hd Ivotmed gans (ort Theienainal pasgso h it Snator w ytvoted tor the orignae bjectbut anu -ntime to astur ot ovear the vetiwel tor Sllih,hno of South aoa (ar STmpon. teImmocrationd CoShem Ianswd mith t Mic aigantRepublin . ehsied ctrho nermanit offialsu 1. the United taitencding prott Th ones von ensoagte of thbah wsie and folosu rmalat sTh ount-ryil tahe frtom e 1 forGermany. Reservationkhr m ite tha20 peryan, hameberlan Cngag t. n te bigon ScandinavianI liner Fro tItuerikV. JaingNe Jorkon Fera e-13frs Chisian. 1glan, Plan Frani ~ rtie.Washinoi. Shafnroth, Separ Shinels Simmons, the ith f ergit S.omnt in Sothe Cntrlna;na Thosa Tletllhoefl ha theiwod brakdamah Wc ,l.mns- l otivlv heU. m Staes hins-arae radbot partp .s recoligne, trnhat-dingratons shou tn t be dlayedt, Ldgere sunubu r. activit inot terava, ilteranr e1 Anutovermidingo the vonte UliB LINER SUNK WITHOUT WARNING WOMEN AND CHILDREN ABOARD BRITISH LINER CALI FORNIA. SURVIVORS ARE ALL LANDED One Death and Thirty Hospital Cases One Woman From Wyoming Whose Husband Had Taken Out NaturalIz ation Papers. Washington. - Consul Frost, at Queenstown, cabled the State Depart ment that the British passenger liner California had beet torpedoed without. warning off the Irish Coast, and that the one American known to have been on board was saved. Some of the pas sengers and crew still were missing, including two women and several chil dren. Frost's dispatch was as follows: "Anchor Liner California has been sunk; bound Glasgow, presumably from New York. Two hundred per sons on board; ne death; 30 hospital cases; survivor- reach here late to night." The captain of the ship is quoted as saying the submarine did not hail or give any warning before firing two torpedoes from a distance of :00 yards and sending the California down. The American survivor was John A. Lee, of Montgomery. Ala.. who is sup posed to have been a member of the crew. Wyoming Woman on Board. Casper, Wyoming.-Mrs. Alexander Cuthill, a passenger on board the liner California, sailed two weeks ago to visit her parents in Scotland. Mr. Cuthill has taken out his first papers of naturalization and has filed on a iiiniesteadi here. No Americans Aboard. New York.---No American citizes were among thr :1 passengers on the' California. according to officials of the a:chor line in the city. Records filed wheni applications were made for pas sage showed that while miany of the persons who sailed on the liner lived in the United States, they were sub jects of Great Britain. The crew num hered 184. The cable message receiv ed at the Anchor Line offices in this city announcing sinking of the Cali I fornia said that 160 survivors out of the total of 215 persons aboard the vessel had been landed. Nothing was said of the fate of the remaining 55. SEVERANCE OF RELATIONS WITH BERLIN APPROVED. Senate Adopts Stone Resolution. Five Senators Vote No. Washington. - President Wilson's severance of diplomatic relations with Germany was approvedl formally by By a vote of 78 to 5. the Senate ex pressed confidee in the President's course, adopting a resolution submit ted by Chairman Stone. of the For eign Relations Comitteendorsing sadori Gerardl from Berlin andl the giv lng to German Ambassador Blernstorff I- his passports. SSenators who voted against the res rolution were: Deomocrats: Kirby, of Arkansas and .Vardaman, of Mississippi. ~'Republicans: Glronna, of North Da kota; Works, California, and LaFol eteWisconsin. . LEFT TO PRESIDENT TO I MAKE THE DECISION. Washington.-The steady stream of reports telling of the destruction of tmerchant ships by German submarines wats brought to a climax by a cable gram to the State Department fr'om -Consul Frost, at Queenstown, an nouncig that the British passenger 0 liner California had been torpedoed d without warning, and that an Ameri e can citizen was among the survivors, d Whether this will prove to be the ni overt act *to drive 'the United States into war no one wvould attempt to say. IPresident WVilson, who must malt the dlecision, had retiredl when tha 'news came, and officials (lid not wake him. lie had been informed of a met; n-sage from Consul Frost telling of the dl sinking of the California, but giving y Ino details as to warning or the pres-. f ence of Americans. k The President undoubtedly will e wait. for complete reports on the sub-. d jelt before determining whether to go 1. before Congress and ask authority t-, y"uise any means that may be neces esaryv for the protection of our seamtn an our( (li'people." FLETCHER PLANNING TO ,LEAVE FOR MEXICO. WVashington.-Ambassador Fletcher expects to leave at once for his post nin Mexico. Official reports to the I- State D~epartment have shown traffic 1. conditions between Vera Cruz and r- Mexico City s0 uncertain that the Am dI bassador has decided to go by rail by is the way of Laredo. Rebels between ld the coast and Capital have cut the il railway and attacked trains repeatedly v- in the last two weeks, practically WEEVIL EXPERT FOR THIS STATE CLEMSON COLLEGE BRINGS A. SPECIALIST FROM STATE OF LOUISIANA. TO DIRECT A BIG CAMPAIGN Field Laboratories Will Be Opened at Once in Eastern Part of State Along Savannah River. Colunibia.--G. E. Anderson, an ex. pert on the bool weevil, now employed by the United States department of agriculture in laboratories in Louisia na. has been elected by the trusteei. of Clemson College to take charge of the work in South Carolina. The trustees have authorized the opening of field laboratories in the border counties of this state. This announcement was made 'by W. M. Riggs, president of Clemsonl College. Mr. Anderson is a raduat e of Clemson college and has ieen en. gaged in (he federal service for sev. eral years. A campaign against the boll wee. vil will be launched early in the spring in Beaufort, Hampton, Jasper Barnwell. Aiken and Edgefleld coun ties by the United States farm demon stration agents. Houston is Appointed Treasurer. Columbia.-David A. Houston, a banker of Monroe, N. C., and first cou sin to the United States secretary o' agricult ure, David Francis Houston has been appointed t director an. treasurer of the Columbia farm loa?. bank and will come to Columbia abou Thursday with the president of th. bank. P. J. von Engelken. formerl: director of the mint. They will prr ceed immediately to make prelitninar dispositions for the early opetilng r the bank. Three of the live director-s who wi govern the bank during its poriod ( temporary organization remain to I appointed by the farm loan boar. Two of the three salaried poaitioi which only directors van occupy haN been filled. The vacant. post is thi of secretayN'. The presideit receivi $id0., the Ireasurer $4.000. Mir. 1louston has been for sever' years cashier of the First Nation. bank of Monroe and he has also bee active in local politics. lie was cier of the courts of Union county. Norl Carolina, for six years. He is - years of age, is Married and has fli children. lIe will reside in (Columr bia. 'Mr. Houston went to Washin! ton and there accepted the apIXin ment. lie is a graduate of Trinity er loge and for a number of yearsi aft. leaving college as an instruct.or Trinity Park preparatory schoo!+ British Vessels at Charlestor. Charleston.---The r.ccumulation British steamships in this harboi growing impr)Iessive, with seven of big vessels lying at anchor, here. parently for coal only, but belie~ in reality to be hugging this frier port for refuge, as it is noted w'n a number of arriving, a minimnuni . departing, although the big tu r. tramp Matumet was at anchor in stream with steam up. and bune' freshly filled, awaiting orders to 'anu to a destination not madec public. The:. large ships are lying In a line thi~' suggests the anchorage of men of . ' rather than peaceful commercial ct~ ; . It is believed they are all detaini here by their owvners, pending a duction in the number of German z ' nmersible victims being sung up in l palling frequency just now. The 'k Branch is undratood to 1)e planninx I nter the navy yard dirydlock to unli go repali's to her plates, which 2. broken "somewhere at sea. somehow Deputy Warehouse Commissioneci. Columb)ia.- --W. E. Atkinson of I angeburg was ap~pointedl deputy w> house c'ommnissioner by Wattle Smith, state warehouse commissioa Mr. Atkinson is a farmer and also hr considerable dairy interests. This em ing a slack season in cotton stor;'-.' Mr. Smith will not appoint an ins, to tthis time. William K. Tate Is' Dead. Columbia. -- WillIam Knox Taim, formerly state supervisor of elemo - ary rural schools in South Caroliun.< died in Nashville, where he had b.'M a chair since May 1, 1915, in Georg' Peabody College for Teachers. Brnic R. Payne. preosidlent of theo colly, sent a telegram hero as followa: p is with great sorrowv that I inform you of the death of Prof. W. K. Tat." Pneumonia, which sot in about a We'ek ago, was the cause of death. Mr. Ta e is survived by his wvife andl flve ch. 'i ren. Cattle Sale at Lake City. Lake City.-The second sale of ;.' tie and hogs of Lake City was a n. satisfactory one from every viewpou .!. The buyers were pleased with '' types offered and the prices paid w.ere. highly satisfactory to the produc':, Hogs sold as high as 9.95 with a is per cent of the sale bringing:' orice and the beef cattle that We : ready for butchering brought 6 1-K' cents. Through the efforts of the Chamber of Commerce a boys' rdhp club has been orgranized.