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THE GREAT BATTLE asa Amlot Arni R 141 The first general engagenent in til of Mons-Charlerol, started Augut 20 x and Britisha. They retrented southa of 1 gagement started September 5. The I armies' positions jnst before the battle The Gernann right wing was broN a retirement of time whole line. The c msidst of their retreat, are Nimown on 1 while a row of darkened rectanglen it line of the Aisne where they stopped s ber 13. Both siden now extended their lit show the approximate position nsuir siege line wn complete frot the Alm The line of September 30 also shn French line neros the Meuse at St. MI Crossed swords nark time spots of grentent struggles have taken place ml FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR IN THE WEST The first month and a half of the western campaign was made up of startling, swift moves. On September 12, after the defeat on the Marne, the Germans took up defensive positions along the Aisne river. The ten and a half months since then have seen a long deadlock. The battle line of the Aisne and the Olse quickly extended northeast to the sea. Fighting has been continuous, with tremendous losses. The general situation has remained unchanged, gains of a few miles for one side at one point offset by minor gains for the enemy in other sectors. 'At the beginning of August the kaiser took possession of the little state of Luxemburg and demanded passage through Belgium to the Fran co-Belgian frontier. Permission to pass denied, Von Elnem attacked Liege (August 4), while other German armies passed around the city and swept over the level Belgian roads at a terrific rate. The little Belgian army yielded Brus sels and fell back to Antwerp and Ghent. First Big Engagement. Not until the Germans had almost reached the French border did the first important engagement take place ,This is generally known as the battle of Mons-Charleroi (about August 20 28), but at the same time there was severe fighting along the whole line through Thionville in Lorraine and along the Vosges in upper Alsace, which the French had invaded with temporary success. This battle r'esulted in defeat for the French and 10nglish. While obtaining some successes in counter-attacks on the advancing Ger mans at Peronne and at Guise, the F"rench were obliged to fall back rap idly to the line of the River Marne. On the left the French had with drawn to bel~ Paris and the wecstern most German ~?y, under Von Kluck, followed. - The garrisoa of Paris was put, in thousands of motor ears and hurled on Von Kluck's fl~nk. The latter- was not - taken entirely unawares and met the attack strop ly, but at the same time the armn~ Aeneral Foch attacked the Germa~ -oh Von Kiuck's left and drove4 ,4 Jn Back From Paris. T~j fmans had begun the battle armies in line. T1he wIth 4~j'f the two farthest wes('t no0w e ~*he retreat of the third, fourth anid ifth in that order, each in turn ,'fnding its flank exposedl by the with drawal of the troops oii its rig;hI. At the same time the movemnent. on the *ogst end of the German lne was aIc celerated by a strong attack fromi the - *French~ fortified zone of Verndun. The German retreat was as orderly as that of the French and English had been. The invaders took up an ad mirable defensive position. It ran just north of the Aisne river, on a series of bluffs, then just nor-th of Chalons and through the wooded, rough regions of tihe Argonne and tihe Weevre, joining hands here with tile troops deileging Verdun. Th'le allies * have tried tils line in vin ever since. Both combatants now triedl to turn the west flank. Enormous iodies of cavalry. On tile part of tihe F'rench Flanders. On tihe part of theO French there was largely tihe dlesire to lin1k up with tihe Belgians, now being attacked in Antwverp. Thue mighty siege guns of the Germans made short work of the Belgian seapiort, however, andi it fell on October 9. The remlnants of .the Belgian army retreatedi alon~g tihe sea coast and thie Germanilis iln a fin~al rush reached Ostend (October 15). Line Extended to the Sea. The battle line of the Aisne was no0w extended tom tile sea, thei Getrmlanls hold( * ing the important French city of Lill, - while the ailles kept Ypres ill Blgim and, partly by loodin'g thle lowlands, held the position of tile Y'ser river and canal. From October 16 to November 10 was fought tihe desperate first battle LINES IN THE WEST kntwr y HM C2V ter, vows AW Theonville Ver u . Mots r- o( "I. SWest, Ponletinnen known tan thle battle nd resulted In tile defeat of the Frenhih he Marne, where time aet'ond general en ne of thin date on tile napn silowvn time en tap and forced back, bringing about ernian positioans on septemiber 9, in tinew lhe nanp by a series of light -ectnagles, dienten the carefully prepared trenct Lad were attacked by tile aIllles Septent en towardti le count. Light aqtanren ed Septenmber 30. By October 15 the to the eal. wn the Germnans' great drive into tile hie]. the entrenched niege line where the nee October 15. of Ypres, when the Germans suffered enormous losses In attempts to break through the line in Flanders and reach Calais. They succeeded in pushing back the allies only a little and the invasion of Silesia by the Cossacks finally Induced them to desist and send re-enforcements to Russia. The Germans in September had per formed the feat of pushing a salient into the French line south of Verdun, which terminated on the west bank of the Meuse river at St. Mihiel; while the French had taken the offensive with some success in Champagne at about the same time. For the most part throughout the winter the fighting consisted of regu lar siege warfare, with heavy artillery combats and mine and counter-mine. The flooding of the River Aisne from winter snows gave the Germans a chance to entrap the French troops on the north side of that river in the vicinity of Soissons for a considerable distance and kill or capture most of them (January 14). Take Offensive In Spring. With the spring, the French and English attempted to take the offensive at several points. Always preparing the way with tens or hundreds of thou shands of shells, they tried joint after joint of the German armor. In the Vosges the dominating height of lartmannsweilerkopf was taken and retaken several times in sanguin ary charges and finally remained in the hands of the French. The salient of St. Mihiel was also subjected to tremendous French pres sure on both "legs." The French suc ceeded in gaining a little ground, but the Germans, despite the apparent weakness of the sharp wedge they had driven into the French line, could not be dislodged and later succeeded In re gaining some of the territory they had lost. Trho British also reported "victories" at Neuve Chapelle andl Hill No. 60, in Flanders. WVhether these should he accounted snecesses for the allies is doubtful. The British suffered enor mous losses and at Neuve Chapelle bungled affairs to the extent of shell ing their own men who had taken Ger man trenches. In other cases they left gallant little parties lodged in enemy's trenches without supports to be annihilated. The next development was the un expected use of poisonous gas fumes by the Germans in attacks just north of Ypres. Wi'th this novel weapon they succeedled in taking several small villages andl more than compensating for the British gains south of Ypres. The losses of the French, Canadians and British wvere severe, but they suc ceeded in stemming the German on slrught effectively a few miles back irom their former position. Begin Series of Attacks. The German line makes a salient at Soissons, though not such a pro nounced one as at St. Mihiel. The French ,now began a series of at tacks en the upper side of this salient, to the north of Arras. Expending hun dreds of thousands of shells, they time and again blasted away the barbed wire entanglements and concrete trenches, held by Crown Prince Rup precht of Bavaria's men, and then charged across the desolate-ground for slight gains. The fighting centered about the su gar refinery of Souezo and the great German work called the Labyrinth. Fighting went on in cellars and tun nels below the earth and the casual ties were heavy. The French bent the G4erman line end captured the Laby rinth, but whether the gains just Itled their sacrifice in human life is ques tionable. In .July, Crown PrInce Frederiek William's army attacked in the Ar gonne forest, west of Verdun, and succeeded in gaining several hundred yards of shattered woodland and cal. turing several thousand Frenchmen. There were rummor-s that thec (er mans were re-enforcing for another gr-eat drive toward Calais or Paris, but the Teutonic campaign in the WVest continued to wait upon the crushing of the much weaker enemy~ in Poland. (3000000000000000000 FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR ON THE SEA At the end of the first year of war not a German fighting craft, except submarines, is known to be at large outside the Baltic sea. The Austrian warships are confined to the up per Adriatic and the Turkish fleet to the Sea of Marmora and adjacent straits. The iner chant marine of the central European powers has disap leared utterly from the ocean highways. Sixty million dol lars' worth of German shipping lies idle In the docks of New York, while several times, as much is bottled up elsewhere. At the sane time the German submarines have Inflicted enor inous losses of allied shipping. While both sides have prob ably concealed many losses, the following is a fairly accu date summary i the number of craft which Tave been de stroyed: Entente Allies. Brit- Rus- i ish French sian Battleships ..10 2 Cruisers ......12 1 2 Submarines .. 4 3 Auxil. cruisers 5 1 Gunboats, de stroyers, and torpedo boats 4 6 2 Total Japanese and Italian losses, seven vessels of all classes. Teutonic Allies. Ger- Aus many tria Battleships ........... 1 Cruisers .............18 2 Submarines .......... 9 1 Auxiliary cruisers ....19 Gunboats, destroyers, and torpedo boats .. .20 1 Total Turkish losses of ves sels of all classes, four. Total tonnage en tente allies ...........376,770 Total tonnage, Teutonic allies .......224,746 OOOOOOOOOOoooooooooooooo BIG EVENTS IN FIRST YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR .hone 29-A rcldulce and Areliduchem Franet of Au i*n. ilni by Serbign nunnunlun. August l--Germnyuv deelaren war on Itunnain. August 2-Gernnn foreenm enter Luxen burg. Germany dleuninInds pnnumnge tirough leiguHtim. Angst r--10ngtnd announeen state of war witha (erntany. Augnumt 7-i-renah invadtle motaithern Al August 5-lrlrtisi troiop land In iFrance and Ielgiumn s. A ugist ii-Germanm aN Liege fort. Auigust 12-nginnd sanod irance de elaire wvar on A ulstrin. Auigist 1i-AtstritnnN invade Serbin in force. ' August 17-leginning of five daysn' bat tie between Serbinna and Auntriansi on the .indor, ending in A ustrinn rout. A Jugut 20-(termann enter lIrumels. Ausgust 23--terjnuaan enter Namur and atinek Mon. Austrin annotuneen viI tory over Runninns tet Krannik. Japan deeliren war. Aungusit 24-iritish begin retreat from A ugunst 25-rench eveunmte M uelhnnu August 27-Lounin burned by tier August 2R-Uattle off Hlelgoland, nev , erni Germann warship. *unk. Aungusnt 29--Itunninns erunkedl in three dany,' butt le near Tnnnenberg. September 3-lunninn ocnapy i.eu bnerg. September 5--Duttle of thne Marne be giant. Germann right wing defeated andi retrent begins, Septemnber 7-Mubeunge fall,. Septeninber 12.-Geman retrent halts on the Ain.ne. September 20 -- Oermnn bomnbardi fteims andu injure tihe famous enthe dral. October 9--Ant werpn Occupied by the Geranann. October 32-Hoer revolt .tart,. Octobner l-A-.Ilies occupy Ypres. Tint ie ibegint. on V inuln. October 15--Ontend occunpied by tine Gernan nn,. October in-First battle of Ypren, he gin,. October 24-en dnyn' battle before Wanrsawnu endis in Germian retiremnent. Octtobner 27-Il unsinuns reoccupy l,nndz and iliadomt. October 2ii-Tu',rkey begin, war on lRun, sin. Novemnber 3-terann squnadron bonn hards lIritishl conut November 5-ardanellen fort,. bom~. ba rded. November t-Tingana Murrendern. Novembnier I2-Itusienns defeuted at Ipno and K utnmo. Nover-anber 15--iunninu,. defented at Viotslnvek. Noveimbner i7--Austrian imtory 01ver Nerbians nt Vljevo announnced. iDeemnnber 't--A no.1rins ocuapy 1el.. g rade. lDecembnler i -Serbinns. defent Aus.tnrins in. three dan' battle. lDe-emb ier l---irmnll, lccunpy Logis. D~eemnber 15-A untrians evneunte 11e1 grade. De-emb en 16d-Germann cruaisen born hanrd Se-nnrorouagh and Hiartlepool, 150 e'ivilins killed. Dccenmbe~r 20-240-Severe fighting on the line onf the fizurma river. .lanunary i. iliS5-Frenchn udvannce acess A snce northn of Soitinon,. .Jaanuary I.i-Frenchn driven back across, Aisne river. ,Jnunuanry 2-i-Navnl bauttle 3n Northn ,en. Germanm armonred crunler lliumecher .inun~s r3~0-lituNinns occu*py Tialnnlg, F'ebrnry il-nilure of Gernman uattn-ks nue,,t of Wllrsinw. Feburnunry M-llegimnning of battle in lEntsi I'runsain, ending in llunnian de lFebrunury iN-Geman formnl submnn rine, "blockaade" on Great flritain be, ginn. Febnrn 2-f-Rnninn,. driven from linkoin i n. linrehI it0-ritish mnake advnnee nt Neuve (I'hapelle. tin-ih 2 i-Zeppielin, bomnbarnd P'ari,. an-Ib .22-Surrender of Prnzemnni to Ii nansians., Uareb. :mi-liunninn,. penetrate D)ukin pnlSt' nndi~ enter finngary. Apil 5-French begins violent attnekis on MtliI talient. April i1-l-Hunninns at Swtropko, 20 mni les iside ifunganry. Apreni 3 tiaituninus evacuate Tarnowu. A prnil 22-Secondl bat tie of Yipres lbe gins. A pril 25- ille lente- ic nailipoli jvenin--. ,.ula. snivering fearful los,.en. A pril 24-\lle, annlonnee reiaultuare of I ,irenel lit Snx5 nul llnrtmnnw.eller-n Kopf. tiny, in-lerlin reports enptulre of 30.. 0)I Hussian ioneinrs in wvent GalIi in aind seizure of three i illngen, near sin t-ltunnians. fall back fronm Dunkin Mart) 7---lerlin report, enntur e m..Ta ROW with many liussian prisoners. May 8--Gersann sutannarine sinks the Luanitania, more than 1,150 lost. litne sistus In full retreat tron Carpa thian . 1ay 9--erisinu capture LibaIits Heitles port. May 12-lrene-h capture 'erensony, storth 4f Arrita, sit great 'enom. May 1.-4-Anaeriean first uaanistrine note Itliltee pul, ie. Many 24--Italy declaren war on Aut trin. 'lny 20-Italinna Invade Aastri,. M't.r 20-itillna take Groelno. litaminna .the-k tGersaann at Slensa-wa. May SI-.Firnt Gernin note on subain rine ren.tmen, Walington. Zeppelin% drop boinbs in London. June 3---PrzenaysI falls to Austro-Gier sl SIaaN. Juane i10--erntana eapture Stnnlslnu. June 1l--Sdeintl U. S. mne maaiarine note to G=rnimany nande pubile. Italinns take 31onftleone. Jont 12-itillaus take GradlN(*:s. June 1i--Austro-Geranans ocupay Tor nogrlel. June 22---Frenla take NMetzeral. Jsane 2:--Fret-la unnounse octesIptIon of tiat' "linbsrintli," nortii of Arran. Jui 2i--Austr-t.ermnann eaptre Lena -Jutle 4-Aunristn cromo tile Dniester ait lialleg. .Ist ne 21--iui: 1 f al ls. Jilly 2--- It ssaixfl)3f i-t-f t ti ertenta at (i pt to lain at WIitainas. July --litanno-ferantn naynl battle of tiotti tunl. el. 4--itat iltama Iake 'I'Poimnt i . Jitly 5-lirltr atnaouneeN gains in tile Argonne forent. -fily tI---Gerians take i'rzssnyrn, .50 itailes nortis of NVnirmnsw. .iti- ii--tiern s n il s 'anee lit mny polvats in itmaula, taIking WSiin, 'Ills knliii, ionle asadi roloce. Jaly 2Il--it mo1itian reort Ninkin g of rIP Turkisla haliling vemel. (aeraom:,:a guans rete' otiter fearin of Wa rarw Sana alnagt- tIe 41 l.al l] -t'lolaa rall July 21---'Iaird U. S. iu1tlbmnrine note goes to iwrasmsamvy. 3.1I1y 22--'I'trkishl-t.ernman expedition landed In Tripoll. Jualy 24---tierniala toke two forts nenr I am rant w. Jul. 20--itaninuxll reaulse Alst rians in taitcli t. CAMPAIGNS OUTSIDE BIG WAR THEATERS In a score of regions there has been fighting which would have held worldwide attention wvere it not for the mighty battle lines In France and Poland. Servia's own war was a greater trial to her than either of the two preced ing Balkan struggles. Assisted by Montenegrt, the little Slavic nation t wice threw the hosts of Franz Josef beyond her bolrders and inflicted losses of about 330,000 men, but she suffered severely hterself. Tle Austrians invaded Serbia in great force about A ugust I5 and pnt trated to the rad.r river, where a great five-day battle ended In the rout of the Teutons. The Austrians returnad soon in stronger force t han ever. They reached Valjevo, where on November 17 the SerbianIs met a defeat. With tleir supply of artillery am munition exlausted, the SerbiaIs now had to retreat. The Aust rians, be lieving them crushed, withdrew six army corps for re-enforcements against the victorious Russians in Ga licla. Shells and English tars with naval guns reached the Serbians, and on Deceniber 5 they turned on the Aus trians and ut h ttill to pileces. The entry of Turkey into the war was marked by a brave, but foolhardy att'Pllpt to Invtade Eigypt. Great Brit ain's Indian and colonial troops threw the invaders ack with heavy losses. British and JaIpanese troops invest ed the for'tified Glermuan port of Tsing taun, China, antd after a siege of a fewv weeks the defenders gave up the hope lens struggle. A section of the Hoer population of South Africa revolted. The revolt wvas put downu by a Hoer, Premier riotha. lie then invaded German Southwest Afirica, and after a long campaign In the waterless deserts captured the greatly ou tnumibered Germans (July 8). After taking three-(Iuarters of a year to arm herself to the teeth, Italy at tacked Austria this spring. rTe effect of the entry of Italy upon the arena has not yet been marked. $FIRST YEAR COST OF $ SWAR IN MEN AND MONEY Only approximately accu rate 4. 'tables of the killedi, woundled and missing in the fIr-si year of +the wvar are possible, because +~ France anti Russia and Austria-. $~ Hungary (10 not give out their * figures, whlile Germany has c e1anged her policy recently to ". +one of secrecy. Great Britain '. Istill tells her losses from month to motnth. Tihe following estimnates are 8 believedi to giv'e a fairly cor+ rect idlea of the casualties: Teutonic Allies.+ Germany..............2300,000 ,, Austria-Hungary ...1,900,000 i* STurkey................ 230,000 '$ + Total...............4,430,000 Entente Allies.$ 4.France-.-------......,00,000 4. Russia (including pris oners, 1.175,0)00) . .. .3.500,000 g YGreat Bria; -....480,000 egu4........ 24;0 000t $ Servia.................0,000 4. 4. Japan..----............. 1,210 + A Italy (n reptorts of , lo ses .... .... ... 7r000 + SPortugal (fightinug in 4. colonies)............Inor> $ +. l\ntenegro .......... 3:.'0 + '90tal................ -s'.210 .:'. +The first year of tilt w ar has$ + l1fer;ts ab~out $16,:00,00.00 inii $ dit-t e x peniitureii s :2 mii. +4 t.Ihi-y punirposes. 'TheP war is now $V 4cos ting a bout .$ I5.000.000 a day , +. $2,000,000 an hou r andii $ 30,000 4. THE CHANGING BATTL "I W O 10 URG ,q F $SE4 iGRMA YSCHEN tOowic MW MieICH Lom c> O So 75 to z 'The (~erasa,,n seguln linte penietrat wisielt trks Ihe "highI title" of lNt aIi FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR IN THE EAST The flrst twelvemonth of fightite bietween the Russians on one sile andl the Austrians and Germans on the other is a story of great changes of fortune, both combatants being re eatedly dIriven hack onily t show the greatest reilieicy in defeat and soon1 to resume ttih offense in a iost surprisi ng man ner. The end of the year, however, finds the pend il um swhliaginig esirongl y' agaInst the czar. 11e inny recover anld take agalin the roads to Cracow, Vienta ial terlin, but just at pres oni ithe is n the whole in wors iligt than in any ourii since the war start ed. itu ssia' losses in tle firit year of the war are not approached by t hose of any13 nat ion in any3 war of history. Accordilg to zelia e estimatys. sh e aills hadl betwe'ei 2, .tJus mat -,0 ), Ou00 mlen k illed. injured ail (apt ured. D lesitei toilhse horrible gaI as dei gin ther raniks, she still has miillionis in the Iilobd, and he r great rese'rvoir oft personnei((l ds hot shlw signs of ex hliustiun. It s not m she lacks. but guns, shells and brains. Slow to Mobilize. On Autgust. I, 191-1, Geormnany do cIa red war on Itussia. Almost imme d iatel the Geirmans crossed the iron Deis at Thorn and the Austrians south of i ublin. They were practically n-li opposeid biecause rof tihe slowness of lobiizationi in Russia. The a rand )uke Nicholas Nicholaievitch was forced to gatier his main armles well to the rear of the line of great tort iresses running i rogh Kovno, Goud no. Ossowetz. Novo Georgevsk, War saw andl I vangorodi. ono account or his desire to (0 all ho could to retlieve the IFrench, who woreO being driven fromn northern rance biiy the amazing German rush through 1elgium, Nicholas at tacked sooner than he otherwise would have done. As a result, lie met twvo disas He sent General Samnsonoff inito East Prussia from the south and Gon erat IteniienkIfamipf ito East IPrus sia from thle east, the latter winn ing lie fIrst large engagement of the( war in the 10ast at lumb~linen. At thiis miomnioit thle Germans, be lieving that the IFrench were welt ini handi and ablout to be suIrround(led oni their f'aster-n frontier, quickly with drew 250.000~u mien from lFrance and h urled thtemi by r-al Iinto Edast Pi~s Sia, where11 they fell upon01 Samsono011)ff withI crush in g force in the gr'at G.e Ir inan victo0ry or Tantnenberg (Aug. 28) Meaniwile, the A ustruIans, leaving only a fewv trIoopIs in Gallein to hold1( back thle Ituisians ad vanfcin g from Tarnopot ont the line of the GInila- I Ipa, struck the Itutssians en masse at K ras nik and routedl themi to Lubllin. Most Bloody Drive of War. WIth two armiies ini dlfliculty, the granid duke deccided to abandon one to its fate and save the othter. lie th row re-en forcenmints in to laubl in and ordered the lIne of the (Iuila Lipa river be forced at any cost, in 0o10 of the most bdoody drives of the wvar the litissianis adlvatiteod into east er'n Gal ica ando CCI cupled Lembel)rg. The Iusstants th1e1 advanced to Rtawa Ruuska and took the Austriani armies inl Poland11 ill thie rear, cuttin g them up frighitfully3. MeanwhIle V'on H indenburg had comlhetedt hiis victory over Samisonioff b~y turning on kiinnenkampf and clear ing E~ast Pru'lssia of Miuscovites. hBut though iteunnenikampf had been de feated amld Samnsonioff atlmost ainni hilated. thte Germans. The ituissianls were no0w as far wvest as5 'itTrnow in Galicia, wh'lile their Cossack s were able to make raids into ii ugary fart her south. Ilinden burg (olnentrated~ a gr'eat force suddel~ty In Silesla anid began a drive from the west against Warsaw and Ivan gorodl. Thle Sibherian corps arrlived thle nick of time to save Warsaw fromu the enemy. High Tide of Russan invasion. ii indenb lurg then dIrew off' the north-1 erjn section or his army in Poland to the north, thinkitng to take th. ....... E LINE IN ThE EAST DNiPO . _ KEY N M 6HTipt ***'tJ1CAt 0Uu -h) B000 UnE O 1 cm= - Dec 1 am - Jan I 4-04 - - Mar I Ogm I~ yry 4,e LKE BE Oe. d tmN eilme to 1Warausy an the str 111111. Ing Russians in lank with the south ern section. But the Austrians were to) slow to carry out the field mar shal's plans and the ltussians, slip ing into a gap in the lInes between the Germans and their allies, slaugh tered the latter. The result was the high tide of Russian invasion. The Austrians withdrew over the Carpa thians again, leaving Przemysl to be besieged a second time. The Ger mans withdrow to Silesia and( the Rus sians, followiug closely, were able for a brief moment to raid this rich province at Pleschon. At the same time they entered E'ast Prussia again. But again the Gornan strategie railways proved their umloing. Ilin ((01nburg concentrated at Tliorn and drove into the right flank of the Rue Sin m11tin forces, throwing tihem back on Lodz. li' advanced too far, however, and wh Il he had the lIussian forces near ly sllrrolunided. he sud deliy foulid Rus sians ina his own rear., in t his ex trmity, the it ussians say, he tele graphevd for re-enforceients.. Iut befol'e the e-enorcements sent. fromI Flanders arrived the ( Gr Inans had mlanagel at fright ful cost to hack t heir' way to satety. This was the bloody hattle of Lodz. Wins Second Victory. With stronger Gernan forces oppos ing them tile Iussians withdrew to the line of Bzura, lawa and Nida rivers. At ithe same timle tile Aus tr1Ians1, atteipting to debouch fronm the Carithian passes, were driven back everyvwhere, leaving 50,000 pris .1l 1...S With January II liden burg made a tird( de(splerate attack on Warsaw. For tell days, b)oth1 night and~ (lay, the Ger'mnans came on. 'Thell, having lost prob~ably 50,000) mlen ando tile Russians nlearly as mnany, the~y gave It uip. Unable to reach WVarsaw, Hlindenburg concentrated twice Siever's force in Eiast Prussia, anid wonI his second over'whelmling victory there. Enor mous captur'es of Russ9ians weore made andi the for'tress of Gradno was at tacked farther wvest, from Ossoweta to Pultus5k. The Germans retreated to Mlawa andi thlen tried to flank the Russians at Przasnysz/, which city thtey took. Pult tile Russians again tiankledi the( flanking plarty', as they had (d011 at Lodz amtl won ant important success (FPebru'ary 22-28). Int March'l and~ April, the Russians pressed thr loughi thte wester'n Carpa iIan passes0 ad~lo enltered Hutngary. .1 ust whenIIl teir futur InoseemedC~ bright (esi, thle Gbermnan11 b~'rk thle Russian line ill We(st Galicia and let through enIormious forces. Pressing wvest ward irresiatibly, they took tile Ruissiani Carpathian armies int the recar. The latter tried to retreat, but vast numb~ers were capttured. Prziemnysi, which had succumbed to the Russian besiegers March 22, telt aigaint itto the htandcs of the Austro. Germnans. Great German Maneuver, From Przemysl Von Mackensen drove east through Mosciska and Grodek anid cap~tur'ed Leomberg, the Galician capital. Then hie tulrned nor'th and marched upon the Warsaw Ivangorod --IBrest - Litovsk trianigle from the south. At the sanme time the Russians in sOuthternl Galicia, puttting up a despor ate resistantce, wore driven by Von LinISingen first to the line of the lDniester and 11hen across the Ginila Lipa to the~ litne of the ZlAota-Lipa. Rteaching the vicinity of Krasnik in their dIrive to Warsaw from the0 south, the Austrians sustained a soe ver'e chock In the scene of thirl tri umph of the pr'eviouis summiler. Hiehd 01n this line the Germans attacked hot ly from the northl and took thte towa of Pr'zasnysz (Juldy 14). 'rhe Ger'manlS nowv began thle grand 0st mnleuver ever' seen ill tile history of humuan war'fare. IFromt thle Windau river in the B3a1 tic pr'ovinces0 all the wamy along the b)order0 of l~ast Pi'ussia and1( ill a gigan tic swlee) thrlought tile vicinity of Ra dlomt, west of' thle V'istuola, and a line sonth1 of' the Lulin-Chol m railwiay' they3 delivered smtashintg blowq an.1 have reached tihe very gater of Waan anw.