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Hundreds, Mostly Wo ish in Chicago River er Eastland C MOST BODIES RECOYERED Excursion Trip is Suddenly Ended and All Chicago is Thrown in Mourning Chicago. --- Bodies of uore than 110 t hou sand persons have been oun11d, most of themil woniiien and .htldren, who were drowned within . few feet of Lawd 'li the capsizinig of be steel steamer' Eas!lind. as it was .hotit to leave its wharf inl the Chicago iver wit h 2,500 relatives anld frilends f tIe erlniployees of tihle Western Etee e compaLIny, for an excursioll across ,ake .liehigan. The ship rolled over in its side in 25 feet of water and with i five minutes after it began to list. Tin' total (lead r-emained at approx iately 1,000 accoirdiig to estimates ,y Coroner Iloffmaii, wliose i'reports adicated that possibly 100 bodies were eld in tll, mdil of tOi river by th teaners supersruiture. Whih- ol.y .002 of ithe 2.,W8 passeiirs of thi lastlaid ha vf registered a.s saved, it vas thoiight that. abot 475 s uvivors. iilidin g tle crew of 72, had failed to eport. Smeveral per-sonis werev takien alive rmin thev cabinls of thw Ahip after it hadI( aild onl its side inl the river for four lours. the ti( other's said to be in ie lulk all ar' diad. I'ideir ith I g'laie of searchlights at i, scres of imn i worked in the lill of the ivessel to remilove the bodies. 'he steamer lay on 'the bottom of the Iver, one side protruding like a moinu ient to- the hundreds it had drowned s It tliriled Ove'. Tho cause of the capisizing had not een determined but federal, city and tale officers were conducting investi ations to determine whether the ship *as top heavy from faulty designing, 'as impr-operly ballasted or was poor handled in warping from the wharf. Marine architects asserted that le Eastlancd was faulty in design, la-t the top dock had been removed ecause of the tendency of the ship to st and also poIn-ted to the possibility mat the ship had been unevenly or in afficiently ballasted. The Eastland sod wa-ter ballast, so that It could umip out some on entering shiallow 1ke harbors, so some investigators ro working on a -theory that 'the bal ist danks were not filled and the rush mg of passengers to one side of the e(ek caulsed it to roll over. Under misaty skies, 7,000 men, wo nen and (chidren wended their way o the Clark street dock early in the tay to fitl five large lake steamerers vith holiday mirth in a trip to Michi canl City. The steamiler Eastland >r'oughlt to Chticago from Lake Erie, after anl unisatlsfactory career, wa-s thle first to 1be loaded. Rlain) began to roll as tihe wharf su pernttendent lifted the gang planks from the vessel, dleclaring that the gov ernment ilmit of 2,600 passengers had 'heen reachledl. White dresses peeped -fromu raincats along the shore rails na5 those abocard waved good-bye to frIends on shore whlo were wvaiting to hoar'd the steamer Roosevelt and oth er vessels. Then the passengers swarmed to the left side of the0 ship as the other steam era dIrew up tihe river towards -the wharf. A tug was hitched -to the East landf, roples were ordered east off and 'the steamer engines lbegan 'to hum. Th'le h'astland had not budged, how ever. Instead, the heavily laden shlip wav ered sidowise, leaning first towards 'the river bank. Thie lurchl was so startling that many passengers join. ed thle large concourse already on the river side of tile decks. The ship never hleeled back. It turn ed slowly but steadily toward its left side. Children clutched the skirts of mhothers and sisters to keep from fall 'ing. 'rho whole cargo was Impelled towards the failing side of tile shlip. Water began to enter lower portholes uend the hlaw-sers tore ouit the piles 'to whlich thle vessel was tied. Screams from passengers at tracted the attention of fellow excursionists on the dock awaiting the next steam er. Whlarfmen and picnickers soon lined tile edge of the einbankment, reaching oult hllplessly towards the wavering steamer. For nearly five minutes the ship turned before It finally dlived under the swIft current of thle rIver, which owing ,to the drainage canal system flows from -the lake. DurIng th mlghlty turning of -the ship with Its targe of humanity, lifeboats; chairs aind other loose anpurtenances on 1the decks slipped down the slophrn' floors. crushing the passengers tow-aid the risinu' water. Then there was a plhmne withl a a yhi of air escanIig fromn the hold, mlngled with crying of children and men and Children, Per. When Great Steam apsizes at Pier shrieks of women and the ship was on the bottom of the river, casting hiiundreds of living creatures to the iwater. Many sank, entangled with clothin and bundles and did not rise, but hun dreds came to the surfec, seized floating Chairs and other objects. Those on shore threw out ropes and dragged in 'those who could hold these life lines. E0mployes .of commission firns along the river threw crates, chicken coops and other float-able things into the current, but most of these were swept away by the stream, which runts five miles an hour. Boats pitt out, tugs rushed to tile scene with shrieking wistles and inaiy tno snatched off ca ts and shoes and siang into the ri r to aid the ( rowting. WNith thousamiris of si'(ctators ready to aid and the wharf wivthin grasp. hundreds went to death des)ite (very effort at rescue. One imot her grasped her two chil drtii in hr armis as sho slipped from the steamer into the water. One child was torn frot her but she and the other were save d. Fathers were dirowlied after aiding their wives and children to safety. Instances of heroism were almost as nuimerous as the litnber of per Soils 0 the scene. Boats aIs soonl as ull took rescued passengers to the wh arf or to the steanmer Tilcodore Roose-velt. which was tied up oppo site the Eastland. In an hour the water was cleared of excursionists. Those wrio had not been taken to land had sunk or were swirling down the river towards the dtrainage canal locks at Lockport, Ill., many miles away. The locks were raised to stop the current and ar rangements were made to.take bodies from the river along its course through the southwest part of Chi cago. Shortly after the water was clear ed, city firemen, ship engineers and helpers were on the exposed side of the Eastland's hull, cutting through its steel plates with gas flames. Div ers were hurried into underwater suits. A tug was moored as a bridge between the pier and the capsized ship. As the divers gained entrance to the hull, the scene of distress moved for the time being from the river to the extemporized morgues. Ware htouses of wholesale companies along thle river were thrown open and bod ies were placed in rowvs on the floors, Scores of persons rescued! from the water were injured and then wvere taken to tihe Iroquois Hospital, buili in memory of the 600 women, chil dIren and a few men who wetre burmi ed and crushed to death in the Iro quis (T118heater New Year's Eve somm years ago. Efforts to resuscitate those ta'ker fr'om the river were generally unsue cessful. Only two or three were thut saved. It was also said that mann of the injured would die. Trhe wvhole city was in consterna tion over the catastrophe. WVord o the accident spread rapidly and t< the thousands already at or' near th wharf, other thousands added thenm selves. The Clark street bridge naea: the wharf was crowded until I threatened to collapse. Streets has to be cleard by the police to allov the passage of ambulances. Blusiness men sent their automc biles and motor trucks to help ai< the injured and carry away the dead One warehouse soon 'vas filled wit] bodes and other dead were taken t< the becond Regiment armory, a mil away. Mayor William Hale Trhompso: wvas in San F'rancisco and Chief c Police C. C. Hlealy also was outt o town, but Acting Mayor Moorhousi sent out a request that the -city die pilay signs of mourning.' Flags on public buildings wver< lplaed-lat half mast arnd many place were dr'aped with mourning. Blase ball gamues were postponed and fee tivities largely ceased. While those on land were dispos ing of the dead, in)uted andl reiacuied tile (livers in the heart of the sunkel vessel sent up an almost constan stream of corpses fr'om the rub mlergedl decks. First it was a girl ii her teens who had been cauught be tween a pile of chairs and a ca'iu wall. Next it was S slight boy, gathi ered from the lifeless arms of a font father, wvho had clung to nis offspring Ieen in death. Then followed an olt woman, whlo had gono aboard thle ship to watch the youthftlh pleasure o her grandchaildreni, or a little gir with bare legs and booters and wit] gay ribbons sodden agains~t the lacd of her' halbliay gown. One thtrill passed through thl cr'owd ats word came from the steami er that a girl baby bad been fount alive among the hundreds of deaud ii the ship. The child w'as discoveret in a stnreva atal,tul where nha had beoWA O) from the water' by a hair tjat,.ij4:eO against the berth. The baby only half awAkeied as it was carried 69 land. Its noter coull not buround. Two wonferj were found alive in another stajeroi in f protruding Bled of the. Eastland but that ended the lopes that any numiber had es cal ed death in the Lrap. Tha:,o were still 300 persons in the hold when these three persons were taken out alive and the explorers of the hulk said that all wero dead. Work of tagging the bodies of the dead and placing them in accessible places or identification proceeded all day and night. Identification was slow and scenes at the morgues were as affecting as those at the river when the steamer capsized. Mothers fell across the biers of children whom they had sent; away a few hours before on what was intended to be a day of pleature. Federal Judge Landis ordered a grand jury impannelled to investigate the catastrophe; State's Attorney Iloyne prepared a county grand jury inquiry; Coroner Hoffman selected a jury to look into the cause of the deaths; the police arrested all the of nleers of the Eastland, and the health commissioner prepared to clear the river, for fear disease might be spread. by the presence of so many bodies in the streani. Arrangements also were made to get at the sunken vessel to determine the underlying causes of the accident. Derricks on scows were taken to the side of the Eastland and marine engi neers were engaged to inspect the treacherous ship. Those in charge of the various works of clearing up the toll of cas ulties and determining the respon sibility for the capsizing of the boat said that the end(eavor would neces sarily be slow because of the large number of persons aboard the East land the diflicuity of getting at the hull of the steamer. Acting Mayor Moorehouse and his advisers decided to raise a relief fund of $200,000 to be distributed by a sub-conimnittee acting under the direc tion of the National Red Cross, the Associated Charities, and the Munici pal Health Department. In addition to this the Western Electric Company, whose employes formed the majority of the excursion party announced that $100,000 from its employes' insur ance funds was available for relief. Numerous private relief funds were started. Meanwhile Mayor Thompson, who was at the Panama-Pacific Exposition to take part in the celebration of Illi nois Day, left immediately for Chica go on a special train to take his place in investigation and relief work. Coronor Hoffman issued an appeal to the public for a fund for the buria' of whatever dead may remain uniden tified. City officials with one voice declared that all dead should have proper burial. Various theories as to what caused the Eastland to turn over were dis cussed, but without prospect of a defi nite explanation. The most discussed theories are four: That the boat was overloaded; that she was not properly ballasted; that a tug that made fast to warp the Eastland from the docks star'ted pulling too soon; that conges tion of passengers rushing to the port side attracted by some passing sensa tion tipped the steamer over. One of the divers, Louis Kruger, sC 1(d that lie thought several score bcdies wvere still pinned under the boat, which he said was resting in about four feet of stiff mud. These bodies cannot be moved until after the coroner's inquest, when efforts will be made to right the vessel. The steamer Theodore Roosevelt, of - the Indiiana Transportation Company, made its regular trip to Michigan I City andl the steamer City of Grand Rapids, of the-Graham & Morton ILine, - sailed as usual for St. Joseph, Mich. r Both boats had comparatively small t passenger lists. With the assembling of stories of witnesses and survivors, moire andl more I ncidents of horror pathos and - neroism came to light. All of the Eastland's passengers save two or -three hundred wvho clung to the star h oard rail or climbed out of starboard port holes were thrown into the river, crushed into the slimy mud of the buttomi or imprisoned betwvecn decks, when the steamer turnedl over. iThe quiet half clouds Sunday was f a day of gloom for all Chicago. The a city turned to prayer and thought. -Ministers said more people attendied church than for many Sundays past. 3 'rhe preachers nearly all referred to the Fastland disaster In their sermons -and asked congregations to join in -prayers for the bereaved. Therec were crowd~s of morbidly curious along -the river, hut foi- the most part the populace either went to church or stayed at home in appalled thought, t With the details of tihe catastrophe -summedi up the people shuddered that close to the throbbing heart of one -of the great cities of the world a thou sand ipeople could go to their death w ~ith hundreds of persons powerless to aidl standing within a stone's throwv - -that that great mass could drown in a narnrow river 20 feet from the (lock. Message From President. Chicago. -~ Acting Mayor Moore house of Chicago received the follow luig telegram from President WVoodrow Wilson: "I am sure I speak the universaj. - feeling of the people of the country I in expressing my profound sympathy and sorrow in the presence of the I great disaster whch saddened so mn tny 'homes." REP~N FI1 ACROSS BORDER PRESIDENT WILSON TO USE AR TILLERY IF NECESSARY TO PROTECT MEXICAN BORDEF.' ALL FACTIONS ARE NOTIFIED Definite Instructions to Gen. Funston In Regard to Peace-Border Towns Must Not Be Molested. Wash ingt on .-Orders were issued with the approval of President Wilson to Major General Funston to repel with force ifrnecessary any firing into American territory during fighting be tween the factions in borders towns and a note was dispatched to General Carranza advising him of that fact. Soon afterward advices from Vera Cruz to the Carranza headquarters here said the general had specifically instructed General Calles, his coin iander before Nogales, not to attack the village force and gave assurance t-hat. the Carranza force in' Naco would withdraw leaving a civil adinistra tion in charge. The garrison marched ott. General Carranza was informed -that American border commanders had orders to prevent by force if necessary any shooting into American territory. The specific method of re polling the attack was not mention ed. but the inference was American artillery would deal with any situation construed as an attack on American citizens. General Funston was instructed to resist border attacks immediately with out referring the question further to Washington. Genera-l Carranza apparently gave immediate heed to the warning. The state department has had the border situation under consideration for several days. The Villa and Car ranza agencies here have each held the other responsible for the viloa lion of the agreement to neutralize border towns, made when Gen. Hugh Scott, Chief of Staff of the Army, last visited Naco. The situation throughout Mexico as reported from various sections was considered discouraging by officials. NOTE UNFAVORABLE. German Newspapers Do Not Like Tone of Note. Berlin, via wireless to Sayville. The latest American note to Germany concerning submarine warfare was re ceived most unfavorably by the Ger man newspapers in which it was printed. The Tageliche Rundschau and The Kreuz Zeitung similarly declare that -the American note ca~ls for the most decided opposition and that it re quires Great Britain to show at least an equal respect for the spirit of -in tornational law as the president de mands from Germany. The Tageblatt says: "The note showvs clearly that the American governnmen-t cares more for the crippling of our submarine war than for the safeguarding of American lives. The United States must realize that to change our submarine wvar fare is out of athe question. The note proves that pro-British influence has gained an upper hand in President Wilson's circle. We hope the common sense of the American people will pre vent citizens from serving as protec ti.' for English munition ships." The Tages Zeitung writes: "Neutrals have rights but so also has a great -nation fighting for its life. Though maintaining submarine warfare Germany always is willing to respect the justifillb wish of Ameri cans but not at -any price." Girl's Plea Brings Pardon. Milledgeville, Ga.--The plea of a six year old child to Governor Harris won a promise of freedom for Thomas Edgar Stripling, who was arres-ted in Danville, Va., in 1911. where he was chief of police, and returnedl here to spend his life in prison -for murder af ter 'he had escaped from jail' 14 years before, while awvaiting transfer to the Georgia prison farm. Object to New Seaman's Law. Syracuse, N. Y.-Willlam C. Red field, Secretary of the Department of Commerce, who is in Syracuse, made public correspondence between -the St. Joseph-Chicago Steamship Comn pany, owners of the steamer Eastland, and, the Department of Commerce, re latin~g to the new seaman's act. Sec retary Rledfield helievyes that under the seaman's act, the passenger-carrying capacity of the Eastland could have been reduced from 2,570 to 1,552. The steamship company opposed the seaman's bill. MIltary Defenses insufficient. New York.--The report of the Army committee of the National Security League, Henry L. Stlmson, chairman, characterizes the military defenses of the country as "woefully insuf ficient," and endorses the recommen dations of the General Staff of the Army "made repeatedly to congress," for a reserve army of 500,000 men, The report also endorses "the repeat ed recommendation nmade to congress for providing adequate reserve of arms, armament, ammunition and all classes of war material." oF SEAS/ New Note to Germany - Word from Washi Submarin NO THREATS_ CONTAINED Germany is Given Clear Under standing What This Nation Will Demand Washington.-The text of the Amer ican note on the submarine warfare, presented at Berlin by Ambassador Ge rard, has been made public. It re veals that the Imperial government had been informed it is the intention of the United States to regard as "de liberately unfriendly" , any repetition by the commanders of German naval vessels of acts in contravention of American rights. Following is the official text of the latest American note to Germany re garding submarine warfare, which was delivered to the Foreign Office at 'Betlin by Ambassador Gerard. The Secretary of State to Ambassa dor Gerard. Department of State. Washington, July 21, 1915. You are instructed to deliver text i.11dy, the following note to the Min dsk r for Foreign Affairs: The note of the Imperial''German Government dated the eighth of July, 1915, has received the careful con sideration of the Government of the United States and it regrets to be obliged to say that it has found it very unsatisfactory. because it fails to -meet the real differences between the two Governments and indicates no way in which the accepted principles oflaw and humanity may be applied in the grave matter in controversy, but proposes on the contrary, ar rangements for a partial suspension of those grinciples which virtually set them aside. The Government of the United States notes v-.Ith satisfaction that the Imperial German Government recog nizes without reservation the validity of the principle insisted on in the sev eral communications which the Gov ernment has addressed to the Inpe rial German Government with regard to its announcement of a war zone and the use of submarines against merchantmen on the high seas-the principle that the seas are free, that the character and cargo of a mer chantman must first be ascertained before she can lawfully be seized or destroyed, and that the lives of non combatants may in no case be put in jeopardy unless the vessel resists or seeks to escape after being summoned to submit to examination, for a bellig erent act of realiation is per se an act beyond the law and defense of an act as retaliatory is an admission that it is illegal. The government of the United States is, however, keen-ly disappoint ed to find that the Imperial German government regards itself as in large degree exempt from the obligation to observe these principles, even where neutral vessels are concerned, by what it believes the policy and practice of the government of Great Britain to be in the present war with regard to neu tral commerce. The Imperial German government will readily understand that the government of the United 'States cannot discuss the policy of the government of Great Britain with re gard to neutral trade except with that government itself, and that it must re gard the conduct of other belligerent governments as irrelevant to any dis cussion wvith the Imperial German gov ernment of what this government re gards a~s grave and unjustifiable viola tions of the rights of American citi zens by German naval commanders. Illegal and inhuman acts, however justifiable they may be thought to be against any enemy wvho is believed to have acted in contravention of law and humanity, are manifestly Inde fensible when they dleprive neutrals of their acknowledged rights, particu larly when they violate the right to life itself. If a belligerent cannot re taliate against an enemy without in juring the lives of neu-trals, as well as heir propery, humanly, as well as .ustice and a due regard for dignity of neutral powers, should dictate that the practice should be discontinued. 11 persisted in it would in such cir cumstan-ces constitute an unpardonable offense against the sovereignty of the neutral nation affected. The gov ernment of the United States is neot nmindful of the extraordinary condi tions created by this war, of the radi- 1 APPROVE NOTE TO GERMANY. Danville, Va., Register-~' lean reply is courteous an ed, but definite, vigorous, incisive, It effectually pu German subterfuges and ce inite remedial action. Quit Fiddling. Lynchburg, Va., News'. Wilson has shown tnat he to tolerate. quibbling and. respect to the grave iue which Berlin and Washir not as yet eached ngrnemc IT ANY. COST' is Considered the Last agton Touching on 2 Attacks cal alterations of circumstances and methods of attack produced by the use of instrumentalities of naval war fare which the nations of the world cannot have had in view when the ex isting rules of international law were formulated, and it is ready to make every reasonable allowance for these novel and unexpected aspects of war at sea; but it cannot consent to abate any essential or fundamental right of is people because of a mere alera tion of circumstance. The rights of neutrals in time of war are based ipb on principle, not upon- expediency and the principles are immutable. t is the duty and obligation of belli r ents to. find a way to adapt t'ho ew circumstances to them. The events of the past two months have clearly indicated that It Is pos sible and practicable to conduct such submarine operations as have charac terized the activity of the Imperial German navy within the so-called war zone in substantial accord with the accepted practices of regulated war fare. The whole world has looked with interest and increasing satis faction at the demonstration of that possibility by German naval command ers. It Is manifestly possible, there fore to lift the whole practice of sub marine attack above the criticism which it has aroused and remove the chief cause of offense. In view of the illegality made by the Imperial government. when It pleaded the right of retaliation in de fense of its acts, and in view of the manifest possibility of conforming to the established rules of naval warfare the government of the United States cannot believe that the Imperial Ger man government will longer refrain from disavowing the wanton act of its naval commander in sinking the Lusi tania or from offering reparation for the American lives lost, so far as repa ration can be made for a needless de struction of human life by an illegal act. The government of the United States while not indifferent to the friendly spirit in which it is made, cannot accept the suggestion of the Imperial German government tha certain vessels be designated an, agreed upon which shall be free r the seas now illegally prescribed. T very agreement would, .by implicat subject other vessels to illegal at, and would be a curtailment and, t' fore, an abandonment of the . paes for which this government , tends and which In times of c counsels every nation wvould as of course. The government of States and the Imperial - ernent are contending great object, have lo er in urging the very which the governm States now solem* are both contendi of the seas. The* United States wvill tend for that freed quarter violated, wy . and at any cost. It. cal co-operation of man government at CO-Operation may acco y~mu this great object 1)e and effectively achie~ The Imperial Germai presses the hope that b~e in some measure acc before the present war ibe. The government of' States feels obliged to in. by whomsoever violated or the protection of its own c it is also deeply interested, it made practicable between the 3rents themselves, and holds r~eady a't any time to act as the can. mion friend who may he privileged to suggest a wvay. In the meantime the very value wvhichi this government sets upon the ong and unbroken friendship between mhe people and government of the Uni ed States and the people and govern ment of the German nation impels it to press very solemnly upon the Imperial lerman government the necessity for i scrupulous observance of neutral "ight-s in this critical matter. Friend hip itself prompts it to say to the mperial government that repetition by .he'commanders of German naval yes mls of acts in contravention of those ights must b~e regarded by the govern nent of the United States when they ufnet American citizens, as deliberate- r, y unfriendly. LANSING. States Position. 'h News and Observer--.Pres. Wilson states the position of the I States as Americans would him. * * * He speaks as the oodled representative of a red 0(d People. Not influenced by Germany. tnoke, Va.--President Wilson haa. .eon influenced, either by the at.. 'of the German or by the seliti among a certain class of citizens.e e United States and has repeat. s demands on Germany.