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Entered Apri-- C. a- sec4nd class mai1 tuatier, ander act of Conreus of JIarch 3, 1879 41st YEAR PICKENS, S. C., OCTOBER 12, 191' r THE DYING OF THE PINE Cause and Remedy-An Addres Delivered by E. B. Mason, at the Fair. . GaTLEmE:-During the ear ly part of this summer Dr. A D. Hopkins, who has charge ol Forest Insect Investigation anc all Forest Insect Field Station for the Bureau of Entomology Department of Agriculture, al Washington, D. C., made z trip through parts of the Soutt :to get first-hand information or the dying of the pine, reportei by our correspondents. H( found much infested timber it which the broods of the South ern pine beetle were In s healthy and thriving condition. The great number of holes ir the bark of the dead trees it which the broods of the beetl -had devoloped, and from whicl they had emerged, indicated th( presence of the beetle in larg( numbers. It has been known for morE than forty years that the beetl has existed in the Southern states, but it ap wev iteryal doe t Icrease o such large num bers as to cause wide-spreai depredation, such as,. for exam ple, the-great invasion of 1890 '93, which destroyed a veri large percentage of all the pin4 in the Virginias. The increase in the numbe: of pines killed each year and i the size of the groups ~consti tutes the danger sig1.:d of ax -outbreak with resulting wide spread depredations, These ar A just the conditions found in th< localities observed-I am quot ing Dr. Hopkins' exact words "And from the. reports receivei from different sections of th4 South, ranging from Texas t< Virginia, it is evident that thei prevail throughout at least th greater part of the short leal pine belt. Therefore, there ii every reason to believe"-I an still quoting Dr. Hopkins-"tha1 unless prompt and properly di rected action is taken by owner: of pine timber throughout thi: region during the coming win ter, a large percentage of th4 best old, as well as middle-age< and young pine, will be kille< within the next two or thre4 years." I am not going to waste a sin gle word on the dead pines they are gone. Those of yoi who have seen them will agree with me that it is a sad sight, What we want to do is t< show you how to save the pin<4 that is left. This beetle, that is killing oul pine, is not a new discoyery. I1 has always been with us. Ir the early days when it was de sired to clear a piece of pinm land for agicultural purposesil was customary, during the sum mer months, to cut a small liv. ing pine and let it lean againsi a larger standing tree. The sur rounding timber quickly died. Our ancestors did not knovw what killed the pine. They only know that it was killed and that quickly. Scientific mn vestigations by Dr. Hopkins, t< whom we owe all our .informa tion on this subject, has showr that it was caused by identi. cally the same beetle that is killing the pine throughout the South at the present time. -The very same condition ex ists to-day. If you cut a living tree during the summer months the beetle will be attracted by~ the smell of the pitch and will attack and kill the surrounding timber. Furthermore, if you cut a dead pine the smell of the wood will attract the- beetle with ex actly the same result-the sur rounding timber will be at tacked and killed. Therefore, if you do not wish to put your timber in danger, di not cut any living or dead trees during the month of October. unless every one in the neigh borhood cuts -their dying timber at the same time, ane only then under specific advice As for the beetle you need no be directly interested in it. It is y small and hard to find -a 'siy confounded witi ny other beetles that do no netremYain seen this work you will always recognize it. In order that you may tho roughly understand'the reasons for our methods of control, let us give you a summary of the life of the beetle, beginning with the summer: The beeJles kill a tree and leave it in about thirty days or even more quickly. Three or four broods in the North and four or five, or possibly.more, in the South, develop during the year. In other words, they may be increased four or five times from their original number du ring a season. They fly in swarms during the night, light -on the upper trunk of a pine (they are seldom found,in the first eight or ten feet butt cut), and preferably on the largest and best timber. They bore through the bark to the wood, but do not bore into the wood. On the surface of the wood they make those winding galleries with which you all are familiar. These galleries, cross ing and recrossing one another, girdle the trees many times thus killing them. The eggs are laid m- mt&- galleries, mng into little grubs wich feed on the sticky inner bark for a short time, and then go into the outer bark where they change into beetles with wings. The beetles bore through the bark to the night and fly away in swarms to attack other trees. They can fly for three or four miles, may go in any direction, and are, therefore, a menace to all timber within this circle, of three or four miles radius. Since the beetles kill and leave a tree in thirty days or even more quickly, you will never find their broods in old dead trees. You will never find their broods in trees that have been dead a month or more. You will find them in trees on which the foliage is changing to light green, or has changed to yellow,, or greenish brown. You will find many other beetles in qld dead trees, but never this one. In November the beetles go into living trees, and their life history is the same as in sum mer, with one exception-they lay their eggs. The eggs hatch into little grubs which feed a short time on the .inner bark, and then go into the outer bark where they> may or may not change into beetles. I mentioned one exception to their summer life. It is this: They do not come 'out in thirty days; they do not come out till spring. Gentlemen, you have them trapped. That is the time to go after them. It is only necessary to cut down the trees in which the beetles are and destroy the bark in which the broods of the beetle are wintering. You do not have to destroy the wood, they only groove it slightly. Furthermore, there are so many beneficial beetles in the tops that feed on this destructive one, that it is really better to leave the tops in the woods. Remember these particular beetles are never in old dead trees, or in trees from which the foliage is falling. or has fallen, only in the light green, yellow or greenish-brown trees -these are the 'only ones it is absolutely necessary to cut down. and the bark of which must be burned before the bee tes leave it in the spring. About destroying the bark, it can be destroyed in several ways, and in most cases in such a manner as not to involve any direct expense. The trees in which the beetles are spending the winter, name ly, the light green, yellow o: greenish-brown trees, may be turned into cordwood, and the cordwood must beiburned before February 15th. Be careful to gather up all the bark that falls incutting, and turn that also. These same kind of trees may be sawed into lumber and the slabs burned before February 15th. If there is any doubt about the burning of the slabs, it is far better to have the bark Istripped off the infested logs and burned under your own supervision. If you do not wish to cut your trees for cordwood or tim iber, for youy~fwn protection, gentlemen, ' c' out .those at ar ~tdwg the + grean.'e llow and greenish-brown ones, cut them down. strip off the bark and burn it. I want to stop here and give you some ammunition to fight two popular mistakes. Some people will tell you that the dying of the pine is due to the dry weath-r. You can tell them that when a tree dies from drouth the roots and lower part of the trunk die first, and if they will look at the pines that are dying to-day, they will find the lower port Of the trunk very much alive. Some people will tell you that large white worms called borers or sawyers Wiat make a hole in the wood are responsible for the death of the pine. This is cer tainly a mistaken idea, but a very natural one on account of the size of the sawyer and the noise it makes when at work. It has long since been deter mined, however, that this class of borers never bore into healthy, uninjured pine; and, furthermore, gentlemen, they could not kill it if they did. You can't kill a pine by making holes in it-vou have to girdle it. For example, long leaf pine is boxed each year for turpen *pe. making a very severe wo -nd it does not neces sarily die."i ar maples are tapped each year Ji.-Ad still live. I now come to the point on which absolutely depends the success or failure of our efforts to control the beetle. Remem ber that these beetles can fly for three or four miles. Therefore, if you have sound timber and your neighbor has beetles in his ines and does not attend to them during the winter, when spring comes, the beetles from his trees are just as likely to attack your pines as those of any one else. We must have co-operation. We must get every one to cut their dying infested timber in November, and destroy the bark during the coming winter. As individuals you are help less. As a community you can control the beetle and stop the dying of, the pine. The Departmnent of Agricul ture through the Bureau of En tomology has established a Forest Insect Field Station at Spartanblurg, S. C., from which to give practical advice founded on scientific research. In Novrember the Bureau of Entomology at Washington will send out thousands of circulars giving specific directions how to control this beetle. We should like to have every one of you gentlemen write to us and give us the location o.. dead and dying pine in your neighbor hood. Those .of you who have healthy timber now can keep it healthy by showing your neigh bor how to dispose of the infest ation on his land.. If we had the location of all infested timber to-day. and were in touch with the owners so as to secure complete co operation, we might be able to advise a simultaneous summer cutting and burning -of the bai'k over large areas, but you can easily understand that this can not be safely undertaken until every one knowvs exactly what to do and how to do it. I want to sum up in as few words as possib~le wh :t I h avye First. Don't ciit any liv ig or dead timber during the sum mer months without sp< cific ad( vice. This is to protect your own timber. o:ad. From November on the winter watch ont hat are turning light .low or greenish-brown. .on't all change at the ame time, because there are less beetles in some than in others. Cut them down :md destroy the bark, the beetles are in it. You don't have to bother with old dead treesr that died during 4he sum mer-tiere are none of these beetles in thgn. You don't have to burn the topsy. This is to protect your own tim ber and that of your neighbor as well. Third. Get all your neigh bors working together. Co operate. We can only give. ad vice. Your salvation-~ lies in your own hands. You are the jue of how muc the pine tell vo how to s:ave it. If you follow our advice you can save it. Why not unite with us and 1do it We want the names and ad dresses of every owner of pine timber, so we cana send then the literature we have on hand and all the subsequent literature we issue. We shonld like to have each one of you write us and send us the nmtnes of your neighbors who have dying pines. If there is no dyii pine in yur section, write and tell us so. It will help us to locate the extent of the infestation. I thank you for your atten tion, and I hope and believe that you are going t) be missionaries to help save the pine that is left. National Aid Against Peliagra. Congress will be asked by the Public Health- and Marine Hos pital Service to appropriate fifty thousand dollars to the suppres sion of pellagra. This is significant of a nation al awakening to the menace of one of the most wasteful and, thus far, baffiling diseases of modern times. Though the re cord of pellagra runs far back into the centuries, its presence in this country has but recently aroused public attention. Con munities have suddenly realized that it has fastened itself upon their people and is claiming a For sone years paitie a specialists have been studying this malady and they have found for its treatn-ent methods which are more or less su;ccessful. But it is only within the past few years. or, we may say, within the past few months that the need of a united public cam paign against the scourge has been thoroughly understood. Fortunately, however, cities and states are at last bestirring themselves in an effort to find and apply the remedy. Atlanta presents an interesting example of this activity. A few -moniths ago there was no institution in this city for the treatment of pellagra cases. The only recourse for persons thus afflicted was to 'lie down and die. The local (death rate from the disease was rapidly increas ing. With its well proved ca pacity for meeting social emer gencies, the Associated Chari ties established a free clinic for the treatment and cure of pella gra. This was soon followed by the establishment of a pellagra sanitarium by the Baptist tab. ernacle. What has been (lone here should b~e done throughout the country, particularly in the south, for it is only by combat ing this disease through organ -ized public ~agencies that ade quate headway can h~e made. The state as well as city gov ernments should join the cam paign and it is to be hoped that the nation will provide means for furthering this imperative work.-Atlanta Journal. Impulsive. Pat, intent on emigrating. as he was out of work, stops before a newsdeal es store and reads a placard with "Situation In Egypt" upon it. "Sure I've come about that situation you're advertising." "What situation do you meanr' Pat (pointing to poster)-it's the wonn in Agypt I'm after. "Pooh' That's on the state of af fars" "sorra a ha'porth I eare whose estate it's on. Bedad, I'll take it!"-London Mail. North Pickens Appointments. The following are the appoint ments of Rev. E. L. Thomason, P astor of the North Pickens cir 1uit for the Year of our Lord, 1911. Let everybody encourage he preacher by keeping his ap pointments in mind and giving him good congregations: Porter's Chapel 1st Sun. 11a. mn. Friendship 1st Sun. :3 p. m. Bethel 2d Sun. 11 a. m. Nv -Hope 2d Sun. 3 p. mn. MKinnie's Chapel 2d Sun 11 a. m. Salem 4th Sun. 11-a. m.. Secret Order Meetings. Masonic-A. F. & A. M. meets ~aturday nights on or before th full moon Cipter-R. A. M. meets Fri. day iMghts on or after the full moon., -. K. of P.-Meets every Mon day night after the fist and tra sul - w. O. w.-a ~eets every first and third Tues ay nights. City Council eets Tuesday nights after firt .ondays. ITHE METHODISTS ARE GREAI 'Statistics of Much Interest From Seventeen Countries of the World. From press dispatches of last week of the reports sent out from Toronto. Canada, of the Decu menical conference of the Meth odist Episcopal churches we give the followinr: The principal subject of dis cussion of the Decumenical con ference of the Methodist Episco pal churches was the decrease in membership which had taken place the world over during the last decade. The Western section, compris ing the Methodist church in the United States, Canada and Ja pan. reported during that period a loss in net membership increase while the Eastern section, cov ering the churches in Great Brit ain, Ireland, France, South Af rica, Australia and the mission field, showed an absolute loss in membership. In the Western section the in crease in membership in the de cade ending 1891 was 1,261,209, while in the last decade it was only 437,562, the latter increase being but 15 per cent. as con trasted with the former,.o.. .. Jper. A- a c'5ding to H. K. Carroll of New York, secre tary of that section, was due to a decrease in earnestness. INCREASE IN RECENT YEARS. In Great Britain, according to the Rev. Simpson Johnson of London, secretary of the West minster Methodist conference, the various Methodist bodies gained about 150,000 members during the last 10 years, but in the last half of the decade there was a notable decrease attribted, he thought, to "conditions out side the church and a weaken ing of forces to meet changed so cial conditions." Bishop Eugene Hendrix of the Methodist church, South, in dis cussing the religious problems of the negro and the mainten ance of a pure home in the midst of adverse conditions, took oc casion to refer to the recent Beat tie murder trial: "Thank God there is a place where women, as spectators, do not attend such a trial" he said. "Thank God for a jury which sought Divine guidance in reach ing a verdicf and which.has since refused to recommend a commutation from the ~death sentence." -PERPLEXEs JAPAN. Rev. Mr. Ogdates of the Jap anese Methodist church, who re portedl remarkable progress in his country since the merging of the three Methodist churches, said nothing was so perplexing to the ordinary Japanese mind as the fact that there are so many religious denominations and so many different Methodist churches. He believed Chris tianity's strongest appeal even tually would be found in one church. Reporting on Australian Meth odism the Rev. W. Williams of Australia said that every tenth person in Australia is a Metho dist, and that the present union is seeking amalgamation with the Presbyterian and Congrega tional churches in its zone of work. WORLD-WIDE SCOPE. World-wide Methodism as one of the most potent forces for world-wide brotherhood was dis cussed from world-wide points of view at the session. MIssIONS. Statistics relative to "resources in men and means in Methodist mission fields," as given by the Rev James Lewis of Camibridge, England, proved interesting to the delegates from 47 countries, who attended today's sessions of the Ecumenical Methodist conference in this city, From the detailed reports pre sented it appeared that during the last year there .were 2,52& Methodist foreign missionaries. These included 918 ordained men and 120 physicians. 53 of the doctors being women. Native workers numbered 20,847 while the number of missionary sta tions and sub-stations was 6,762. These missionaries represented 708,105 baptized Christians and 1,444,292 adheeqts of whom 458,165 were Snnute scahool teachers zd scihlars. The ordain4 miiistry at thi beginning of 1910 was 52.978. o whom but 2.322. oP five per eetii countin. fiirei.m( rs and natimve were in the mis-fioni field. "Of our total number of mih. isters throughout the wo:M.' said Mr. Lewis. "the average i6 one to every 174 Methodis1 church iembers. IN heathtr countries the ratio is one Meth odist minister to every 304 mem bers. Our meAns as expressed by the income of the missionary societies in 1910; totalled about $7,000,000, a sum which repre sents about 80 cents to each of the 8.751,434 Methodists." After the County Commissioners. We don't know of anything that has had its crookedness more thoroughly tested or its narrowness more exposed than the public road leading frum the Mayfield bridge on the Saluda up the Oolenoy valle.jr._Pump kin town, And the wonder is it has stood the test so long7.ffo at the same time had crosses tQ bear that are not any wider or straighter. Several months ago we heard about some commis sioners being elected for the im provement of the character of such roads, but they are still strangers along the said road. M e they haven't confidence ' their abilityto stan h ee or maybe they have come in dis guise in the form of book agents and canvassers for portrait com panies, etc., and were not recog nized. If so, we would be glad if they would come along and rightly establish themselves. We are sure if there were any delinquent taxpayers hereabouts we would be hearing something of it; and as we don't, it looks like a case of "robbing Peter to pay Paul," It does seem that the book agents have been very persistent in their efforts to impress the people with their character sketches and bus' .sV but it may be th6'said commis sioners were away from home when they called. If so, we are sure they could borrow a copy from some neighbor. if afraid to risk their own judgment con cerning the, improvement of the character of the above mention ed road. * THE SPEED OF NO.RETURN. Velocity a Body Must Have to Leave Earth and Never Come Back. There are a great many odd terms in science none of which has a title so 1weird as the speed of no return. This means the velocity a body must have in leaving the earth in order for it ever to come back. It has been accu ra ety-.werked out and is found to be about seven miiles ..a second. Now, though this speed has neveruibeen ob tained by artificial means on the eartha still it is interesting.to note the theory as regards the further actions of the body. It would continue outward in a curved line until it was controlled by balancing forces, mainly the earth. moon and sun, in. such a way as to make it have an orbit of its own. So it would go on revolving forever just as any other planet. - Although this speed has never been obtained .. by artiticial means, it is found in nature on the earth, and its application has a great deal to do with animal life on our planet. As is well known. it is a pet theory of the'seii tists that the earth is losing its atmos phere, just as the moon .lmas already lost hers, on account of .the wonderful vibrational speed of the ?molecules of al gas. Hydrogen gas is kilown to have a molecular velocity of over the neces sary amount, and it is a startling proof of the theory that no free hydro gen is found in our atmosphere. The theory is that this gas on being set free rises on account of its lightness and when it gets to the o'utside edge of our ocean of atir is~ left - behind on one of Its jumps, the earth going for ward at a great rate itself, something like eight miles a second. As the earth gradually lost its at mosphere it would become colder and colder on account of Its Inability l hold the h'eat received from the: and all animal agd regetable~ would cease. This has already pened to the moon, its temp never rising above zero, though sun shines on It for two weeksi~ time. - It Is needless to say that even speed could be obtained by a~ ball or other comparatively the friction with the air o would immediately burn it the shooting stars we see up before reaching the ea the visiting of . the moon place it will have to be a in a carriage with very and made of a materinl wh point is very nigh.-New Y Considerate. "Have you ever done make the world happier?' solemn looking person wi bered hair. "Sure," answercd 'the jolly the double chin. "I was to sing In publie and HAI An Incident Greece urkey. A YOUNG OFFICER'S DARING. The Turk's Pluck and Strategy Re suited In Making a -Powerful Greek Vezsel a Helpless Prisoner Within the Landlocked Waters of Arta. It was during the war' bet Greece and Turkey in 187 inhabitants of Gala Krini age. since destroyed by th the shores of the gulf of A one morning to find that a battleshiphad.e ered, the cast anchor off the prise of the inhabitan was nothing compa party of fe Turkish fresh from the crest of above the village, wate through their telescopes. These Turkish eticers urgent and important block out the Hellenic B gulf of Arta. Behind t bottom of the deep ravi number of heavy guns whi dragged all the way from g and difficult task, and lery tiey had been ord tiy the-strait. To~rre'dlrait, ai TurkAsh column 9 of th'#Ia es eavy meant sheer destruction. other they must escape war or prevent^ - their work. but to do this see possible. In the midst of theirISe young ofBeer who had?; said he could hold the -&iditaeg would allow, ing won, an, clotjhes for those of a s erd, scended in that disguise to Gala KrInL Late that night a number of figures stole through the dark alleys of the village toward the shore. Close to the water's edge was an old boathouse, used as a shed for repairing boats. This the party silently entered and by the flickering light of -a taper search ed the black luterior. At length 'there ] was a gentle rattle and from the gloom emerged Hassan, stripped to the waist, dragging a heavy chain. This, - with the help of his comrades, he began to pull, and after an hour's laborious work the end of the great chain-once the cable of a Turkish vessel-was reached. From the beach the chain was load ed on board a large caique, whose sides and 'floor had been covered with cloth to deaden the sound. This task got in wi Hassan an rowed wi ' toward a large rock in the middle of the bight. Iound this rock the chain was laid and securely fastened. One man having been landed on the crag to keep guard over this end. the boat. set out cautiously for the battleship. looming like a phantom in the dis tance. Not a sound did the men make as link by link the massive dhain was paid out over the stern into water till they reached the V There was an elcited gleam san's eyes as, with a sign to 'rades, he gradually lowered Into the dark water, guiding f by passing his fingers over the t?le ship's plates. A slight grating 9fthe, date to chain against the hull was a 4t his anxious companions In ef bot h~aicd, though now and then. a ireassuring pu'f was felt on the line tha'1%fassan held., directing them how to pay out the STAA h chain. Hours rather than minutes seemed to have gone by ere the young y B3. officer came to : the surface. So ex- W-. hausted by his long dive was-he that he had to be almost lifted Into the "It u L'ozhe pller," he gasp ed. "I ve~ fixed it so'tpat. not can move It. Baek you go. Then link by link the -t was renewed until the boaf to Its starting point, where the end of the chain was -secured. risky task was done, and the B battleship was securely m immovable rock by a double th of cable. The early rays of da sight which astonish mander. A whole fo ge ea