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THE PEOPLE'S.JOURNA VOL 12.-NO. 36. PICKENS, S. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1902. L JEFFERSON DAVIS' PRIVATE SECRETARY TIlE STORY OF A FAITIIFUI SLAVE. How ecn Montgomery Save] the Jett Davis Pluntations. R. R. Wilson in Uctober Bjuccoss. When, in 1835, Jefferaon Davis, later president of the Confederacy, lefl the regular army, his elder brother, Joseph, gave him Urierlield, a splen did plantation of two thousand acres on the Mississippi rivor, a few miles below Vicksburg, and a number of slaves. These latter included a grow ing negro boy called Ben Montgomery, whom Mr. Davis made his body ser vant. The lad was unusually intelli gent, and Mr. Davis saw that in him were capabihties not common to the African race. lie taught him to read, and then to write and soon he became an admirable assistant. IIe was not only Jefferson Davis's body servant, but also his private secretary, book keeper, and general factotum. Ilis penmanship was beautiful, and his plantation bookkeeping, in its simpli city and accuracy, was the envy and admiration of the country-side. He know more or the business of the D.=vis brothers, ocept themselves, than anyone else. After Jefferson Davis entered poli tics, Ben Montgomery became still more useful. When the master was on his long campaign tours, or in Wash ington, Montgomery had authority to open letters not marked as private, and to answer them; lie had power, in writing answers, to transact any busi ness necessary for the plantation. By this time Montgomery had come to have absolute charge of the Brierlield estate. lie did not interfere with the management of the negroes, or with anything else under the overseei's purview; but the general business of the place he transacted without con sulting anybody except his master. When Jefferson Davis left Washing ton, in 1861, after resigning his sr ;t in the Senate, lie went to Brierlield. his ;;tate was his sole maintainan. o. It was cet tain that, during the im pending struggle, he must be absent much of the time, and whom should he leave in charge of the estate? Final ly Joseph Davis asked, " Why not Ben Montgomery?" and the sugges tion was adopted. The usual white overseers were left in charge of the farming operations, but to the slave, Ben Montgomery, was instructed the financial part of the business, under the direction of his master. The cotton crops of 1861 and 1862 were good, and, although there was some trouble about marketing the crop of the latter year, it was finally sent to New Orleans, and later, warehoused in Liverpool, to be sold when the money it might bring would be needed. There were nui, more than four hundred am fifty bales, for the South then needed corn and food supplies more than it did cotton, and so the land was devoted largely to food crops. Then, early in 1863, cane the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, and with it to the South, the equally dangerous Act of confiscation. This latter was put into execution, wherever possible, with great energy. Treasury agents, armed with all the forms of law, or without them sometimes, seized all propert,y belonging to the list of suspects as soon as it, came undler the protection of the Union armies. Then, for the llrat time in his life, Ben Montgomery asked permission to visit Richmond. " Dear Marse Jeff," lie wrote, "1I want to go to Richmond to see you, and I want to go right away. There is something that I want to tell you that I dat.e riot write, so do p)lease let me go to Richmond at once." Mr. Davis could not imagine what the negro had on his mind, butwrt him to come, and sent him the neces sary permit for a slave to travel. " Marse Jeff," said Ben, when ho arrived at Richmond and had an op portunity to talk with his master, "you know Mr. Lincoln has issued what ho calls an emancipation proclamation, and with it another proclamation con fIscating the propert,y of certain arch rebels, as lie calls them. Now, they are going to confiscate your property just as soon as they get a chance. Sup pose you andi Master .Joe sell me yoUr estates, and do it beifore the Yankees capture our country." " Why, Ben," Mr. Davis said, "you are a slave and can't hold property In Mississippi." . "That is true," said Ben, " but, you can set me free.- Make out two sets of free papers. Give' me one set and keep one yourself. Then make out a thirdl paper, which shall say that und(er certain conditions the free papers are to be canceled." The conditions were that the Fed. orals should capture the city of Vicks. burg, and the Davis estate which la) 18 miles below. "Why, Ben, that's an excellent idea Let me think it over for a day or two,' Mr'. D)avis said. 11e talked it over with his brothe: Joseph. It was Important to then that t,hey should have the Income o this estate. if the Federal soldier, should -capture Vicksburg, about th< first plroperty they would conflaca't and plunder would be the Davis estate But, if this property belonged to negro, freed before tha capt,ure o Vicksburg, then, under tihe Emancips ton 190oelamnation, it would be his, an' could niot he seized by the Feders agents. fIe plan.- promised well, an tire Dil brothers, after consult,at,or decided to adopt it. Jefferson Davy loaned to lien, for the purpose of mak ing tho sale, $10,000. The considera tion for the estate was $30,000, on 10 years' time, with interest at six per cent. Knowing there would be some trouble about the matter, the legal papers were drawn with exceptional care. John A. Campbell, who resign ed his place on the United States su preme bench when the war began, was the attorney; at the same time he drew ])en's free papers, with a clause in each that, under certain conditions, the free papers should become null and void. Returning to Brierfleld, Montgomery had all the papers promptly recorded in the proper oflices in Warren County, Miss. Events speedily showed that lie acted wisely, for in less than a week after Vicksburg fell, in July, 1863, an agent of the United States treasury department appeared at Brierfield to take possession of the goods, chattels, and movables on the plantation, pre paratory to formal confiscation of the property by the United States. The agent traveled in state, escorted by a troop of cavalry, only to be met by Montgomery, who mildly asked his business. " I have come," said the agent, " to take possession of all movable goods and stores on Jefferson Davis' plan tation." " Mr. Davis owns no plantation in this section of the country," Mont gomery rejoined. " Then to whom does this place be long?" queried the astonished otlicer. "These three plantat ions," answer ed Montgomery, calmly, " consisting of the Hurricane, Palmyra and Brier field estates, are my property." "You don't suppose that I'll be lieve such a story as that, do you ?" asked the agent. " The story that I have told you is true in every respect," said Mont gomery. " If you will come into thr house, I will show you all the papers, and you can decide upon their legal ity." The agent was a lawyer, and, when he looked over the deeds, he saw that a correct legal transfer had been made. But lie said, in triumph: "At the time this sale was made, you were a slave. You could not hold real estate in Mississippi." Thereupon Montgomery, with a smile, handed the agent his free papers, ma:le out and legally verified four made out and legally vet-ified.four days before the title to tlie real estate was passed.. " Now," said Montgomery, " this country is under the protection of the United States, is it not ?" Why, yes," said the officer, i" 18." " And, I am entitled to all the rights and privileges of a citizen of the Unit ed States, am I not?" " I suppose you are," was the reluct ant reply. " Thenu, sir, under the Em ancipa tion Proclamation of President Lin coln, and by virtue of these free papers madle before that p)roclamation .was issued, I am a citizen of the United States, with a:l the rights and privi leges that any citizen has. You are especially enjoined by that proclama tion to see that I and all of my race are protected in our legal rights, are you not ?" " Yes" replied the oficer, who saw that he was cornered. " Then I request that you leave my property untouched, for otherwise I shall call upon t,he President of the Unite:i States to know whether or not this proclamation is more than an enmp ty form." The agent and his escort went back to Vicksburg. Montgomery at once ad dressed a letter to the commanding of-. fleer at Vicksburg, setting forth that lie was a free man of color, -the legal owner of cert,ain plantations, which were specified by name; that an Qicler of the United States had called upoiK him and endeavored to deprive him of his property without due process of law, and lie demanded of the command ing officer his p'rotection and that of the United States. Still, the spoil was too rich to be relinquished by the treas ury agents without a light, and in despair, Montgomery decided upon a great stroke. HIe called upon the Federal commander at Vicksburg and asked that a lieutenant and guardI be put In charge at Brierfield for ten (lays' t,ime, and also for leave to travel on a government boat bound for Cincin nati. Hie had resolved to visit Wash ington, see President Lincoln, and lay the case before him personally. Hie chanced to know Judge Hlolt, then judge advocate of the army. Whien lie arrived in Washington, lie at once went to see him, and asked to be taken to the president. "I'm a free man, now judge," he. said. "You have known me ftur many years. I want you to take me to Mr. Lincoln and tell him what my charac ter is, for I have importan~t businessi with him." JdeHolt went with Montgomery toM.Lincoln. " Mr. President," he said, " this is Ben Montgomery, who for 30 years, has been the private secretary of Jef ferson Davis." " Private secretary ?" queried- Mr. Lincoln. r" Yes," said Judge HIolt, " timal s a what I said. Hie is an .honest, man, 3 and what he says 1s true. lie.wishes to see. you on impjortant busimess, and .I will leave you and .hinm to transact i lt,"-t.and Judge Holt left them alonie. f. " Well, what can I (10 for you, my. e friend ?" asked Mr. Lincoln,, aftel-11h. I judge had gone - 1l Montgomnery related what had on l curred. " Mr. ,Davis has been very ', .kind to me," he #ent oii Uamd IF j s this as much to heln him as to help myself. This war is neatly over. I believe that you people will succeed. What you will do with Master Jeff, I do not know; but I am going to do my bust to keep his wife and children from starving." Mr. Lincoln was deeply moved. "1)o you mean to tell me," he asked, "that you have been Mr. Davis' secretary all these years ?" "1 (1o not know what you would call it, Mr. President," the negro replied, " but for 30 years I have written his business letters, looked after the affairs of the plantation, carried largo sums of money to New Orleans and Cincinnati for him, and have had his fullest con fldence in every way. In all his life he has never spoken to me an unkind word." ",Do you know of any other such case as yours, Montgomery?" asked the president, as he rose and paced the floor. " No, sir, I do not," was the reply; " but, doubtless, there are such cases. Now, Mr. President, what I want you to do is this: I want you to give me a writing directing all military and civil oflicers to protect me in the pos session of my property." The president sat at his desk, and then and there wrote an order which enjoined upon all military, naval, and civil officers the protection of Ben jamin Montgomery, the owner of three plantations that were named, and directed that he be given any assistance lie might require in furtherance of these orders. It was signed, " Abra ham Lincoln." This was about August 1, 1863. Montgomery went home and at once showed his letter to the commandar at Vicksburg, who issued orders that lie 3hould be protected ii the possession Af his property. The president direct ad the secretary of the treasury to in struct agents to let Montgomery alone, and he was not disturbed. After the war, he went quietly ahead with his business. He saved money, and kept the hands pretty well together, though Lhey were few. During the years of reconstruction, Montgomery went oii with his cotton growing, and attended closely to business. His credit in Vicksburg and New Orleans was equal Lo that of any planter in the country ; is orders for supplies - were promptly [illed, and his payments were made at the promised time. In 1882, Montgomery felt that he was getting too.old to i}auago properly Lhe business of, the estates. So a Eriendly suit of foreclosure was brought, md the great mestate, Joseph Davis !laving been dead some years, revert 3d to Jefferson Davis. He And Mont onierp settled their accounts, and bIont.gomery, after that settlement, which assured him some $200,000, was he richest colored man in Mississippi. L'wo years - thereafter he dlied. No nan, white or black, could have been noro siCerely mourned. 'Montgom 3ry's funeral was attended by Mr. Davis nud by all the prominent pianters with n 20 or 30 miles. In an address at the grave, Mr. Davis said : " I have had ii my life many true and faithful riends, but none more faithful than was he whom this day we have laid'to est. .P.. - F BILL ARP TELLS THE FACTS. [ONORANCE IN TILE NORT H. Einny Tink Slavery .Just Grew. Unp in the Soth -'e y Know that Grant Owvned Slaves, Wanted-In 1881 General Henry R. Jackson, of Savannah, delivered in At anta the most notable, instructive axd' sloquient address -that has' beon hoai'd in Georgia since the civil war. The mubject was " The Wanderer,'' a slalvo. ihip that landed on the Georgia coast Ln 1858. But the whole address was in historical recital of iauny political. civonts that led to the civil war and-of which the generation that has grown uip since were profoundly ignorant and still are. It was delivered by.rerltiest of the Young Men's Library Associatien, when Henry Grady was its chairman, and I suppose was published. ind pamphlet form and could1 be had on application. But I have sought in vain to find a copy. I have a news paper copy, but it has been worn to the quick and is almost - illegible. I wrote to Judge Pope BarroW, who is General Jackson's executor, and ho can find none among. the 'gen.eral's papers. Can any veteran furnish me a copy? I would also be pleased to obtain a copy of Daniel Webster's speech at Capon 'Springs; -which waW suppressed by his publishers and to which General Jackson makes allusion. General Jackson was a great ian. lie won his military laurels in the war with Mexico. iIe was assistant attor ney general, under - jhuchanan when Jeremiah Black was the chief. He was the vigilant, determined, conscien t,ious prosecutor of those who owned and equipped and oflicorod -the- ordj slave ship that ever landed on the Georgia . coast. 10 was a .man of splendid culture'-afra.a poet:of:'Alility and reputation. Strange it is that this magnificent address has not boon com. pliled in the appendix,of 'some Soutkere history, as a land-mae for the ~rosede e6nerationa. .~ l$,19 sa&>and' mpxt.fijing titouw young and m'iddle-aged men and, our graduates frmote ggigska Ao little of 6tXr' aun~ti1.iltaitory. The Northern people are equally Igno rant of tho.' :i -of s lavery and -1 rorIl ca.uses that VQciprtated the, ivil w. "Most-bi 'tbh have a vague 6dO that!slavery was born and just gt-em Mi lh t,he South-came..up out of thn groiind like the 17-ye -oI e ea and was our sin and ot.r cutse. Not one in ten thousand will believe that the South never impoi ted a slave from Africa, but got all we had by purchase I from our Northern brethren. I would wager a thousand dollars against ten that not a man under fifty nor a school boy who lives North of the line knows or believea that General Grant, their great military hero and idol, was a slave owner and lived off of their hire and their service while he was light ing us about ours. l,incoln's procla mation of freedom came in 1863, but General Grant paid no attention to it. lie continued to use them as slaves until January, 1865. (See his biogra phy by Gneral James Grant % ilson in Appleton's Encyclopedia.) Geni oral Grant owned these slaves in St. Louis, Mo., where lie lived. IIe was a bad nianager and just before the war began he moved to Galena and went to work for his brother in the tanyard. While there he caught tl'e war fever and got a good position under Lincoln, but had lie remained in St. l.ouis would have greatly preferred one on our side. So said Mrs. (Grant a few years ago to a newspaper editor in St. Augustine. How many of this generi.tion North or South know or will holieve that as late as November, 1s1, Nathaniel Gordon, master of a New England slve ship, called the Erie, was con victed in New York city of carrying on the slave trade. (See Appleton.) .Lust think of it and wonder, In 661 our Northern brethren made war upon uts because we enslaved the negroei: we had bought from thenm, but at the same time they kept on bringing nm>re from Africa and begging us to buy them. How many know that Etiglan(, our mother country, never emancipated ho slaves until 184:;, when twelve millions were set free in the East Indies and one hundred millions of dollars paid to their owners by act of parliament? It is only within the last half century that the importation of slaves from Africa has generally ceased. Up to that time evory civilized country bought. them and ensl:ived liem. Eughsh statesmen and clergy men said it was better to bring them away than to have then] continue in thoir barbairi.ui and cannibalism. And it.was brtter. I believe it was God's providence that they should ba brought away and placed in slavery, but the way it was done was iiihunian and brutal. The horrors of the middle passage, as the ocean voyage was called, is the most awful narrative I ever read aind] re minds me of )ante's " Inferno." About half the cargo survived and the (lead and lying were tumbled into the sea. The owners said we can affr(l to lose half and still have a thousand per cent prolit. Rlev. Jolii Newton, one of the sweetest poets who ever wrote a hymn, the author of " Amaz ing grace, how sweet the sound, .that savcd a :wretch like ?" " Saviour, Viit Thy Plantation," "Safely Through Anothe'r Week," and many others, was for many years a deck hand on a slave ship and saw all its horrors. lie became converted, but soon after be came captain of a slaver and for four years pursued_it diligently and nuitigat ed its-cruelty.' Then lie quit and we:it to preaching, and says in his autobiog raphty that it never occurred to him that t,here was anything wrong or im moral in the slave trade where it was humanely conducted. The Saviour saidl: " Oltences must, needs come, but woe unto them by whoni they come.' -In Appleton's long- anid exhaustive article on slavery it is said that slavery in some form has existed ever since human history began. And it appears to have been undelr the sanction of Providenice as far- -back as the (lays ofl Noah and Abraham. The lat,ter hadi a very groat household and'many scr 'vants,$*hom lie had( bought with his money. Th'li word slave appears but twicoin the Bible. It is synonymous .wit.h -servant mgrid bondsman. Tihiore has been no time since the Christian era that the dlominiant, nations have not owniedl slaves-sometimes the bondage was hard, 'but as'a general rule the master found it to his interest to be kinfl 'to his' slaves. ~As 1Bob Tioombs saidh 'n his Boston sliecchi " It is iiot to our.interest to starve our slaves any more than it, is to starve our horses andl horned cattle.'' Shortly aift,or the litt,le cargo that the Wanderer brought were secretly scatteredl around I saw some of them at work in a large gar 4en in Columbus, Ga., and1( was told that they were dlocile andl quickly learned to dig and to hoe, but that it, was hard to t,each them to eat, cooked meat. -'['hey -wanted it raw and bloodly. -*They were miserable little runts, " Guinea negroes," with thick lips and flat noses, but they grew up into better shape and miadei good ser vants, and I know were far better off than in their native jupgies, the,prey of stronger tribes, and made food for cannibials. No, there wvas no si'n in slavery av ~instituted in the South'hiy our fathers and forefathers, aiid that, is why I write thi.s letter-perhaps the last .l shall ovcr write oni this subject.. /I wish to impress it upop our bgy9 q d girls, so that they may' be re'ady and' willing t9 defend thiter So4tberpn ances iIra from -theoelss.dhmio'of sefer lng now for the sinis of their fathers. - .4 'Mortheorn friend writes :" D)o please lot up on the negro. We up here are tired of. him':~ Give .us 'hiore of your'leasantpie.ttros of dome,stic life, etc., but let the neogro go dead." -.Ao dhoes,.nOt .know.thiat .the negtb and., whsit. is to becomo o~f him is a qu,bation of trenoradlous moment'alh n e'ani.t tist be written ribout.E .'.ut, I will refraini as long as it, is p,rudent. -dg.oWj WOtl. ike to hire a man t,o cuss the black rascal who came int my back yard the other night and stol my grind stone. For five years I hav let every darkoy grind his ax wh wanted to, and now I can't grind n own. The fact is I have no ax t grind, for they stole that first. B1LL Am'. TWO QUAINT CIIARACTERS One Mountaineer WIto Driike a Lot and( Anotier not at all Both Are Re1)tl)licansm3. Mr. Jas. A. lloyt, Jr., in The Stato: ( Rr:EN v I .1.:, Oct. 8.---' Martin from the Creek " is a character whose eccentricIties have been so long known around Greenville that his fame, like the prophet's honor, is not so great hereabouts. Martin is proud of his record as a Republican and as a con 3umer of corn liquor. The writer met Martin on the street yesterday--it being the first time he tad had that pleasure for many months, d a good deal of whiskey can be con mmned in a few months by one whose apacity is good. This was about what was said: (( Well, Martin, how are you? They bell mle you've quit drinking and comie >vcr to the I )emocrats !" " Who told you that? Name the nan Il'd like to confront hin!'' '' I t isn't so?'' Certainly not. lRut I have about Iuit drinking. I'm ettmll' old and ,ight or ten drinks a day sots mec up )retty high." Knowing that Martin claims to have mt estimate of the qiuantity of whiskey to has dlunk during his lifetime, a alculation kept by his good wife, the vriter asked for the latest ligures: '' Four hundred and eighty-one bar 'lc at 45 gallons a barrels," said Mar in. "t How much does that come It wa's !lgured out. that according to his estimate "( \Iartin from the reek " has laid away 20,745 gallons f whiskey, good, better and best-- for lartin says noue of it is bad. If the alculation is carried out it will be t;cen hat in order to have consumed this nich whiskey in his 70 or 75 years lartin must have averaged several tints a (lay. This is by no means im w saiblc, and lartin's claim to being a liviing monument to liquor " is not ( preposterous (after all. The temt ,cranlce alvo'ce could figure out a Ine lesson frmnt the anount of money ,hIis qIuantity of hiquor represents. While Al:artilt las "'about" (uit drink ng," he says Telddy is all right. aun(d iure to be elected---hio is a Itepul ican still, it seemts, though he will take vliekey that coies from cither a lie ublican or Democratic 'still. "-.lollNNil nII 11. nH s.' Juohun iB'iers is another Greenville sharacter, but quito (n the opposite inc from " Martin from the (hek." )ohnnie, like Martin, 1s a Iepublicali, nt his pl ido is in two other things, i1s record as at member of the llaup ,on legion and his religion. Iiuiers is a native of Germany an(1 erved, l believe, in the German ar:my. At any rate he cane to this country n time(t to light for South Carolina in he War for S,uthern Inilpencence. Hlis admiration for "1 Mart '' (ary, un ier whom he served, is uinbounded, )tit lie admUits his gener-al had 01ne fault, -he wotuldl " cuss," For a long time .Johnnic IHeiers was hcueral delivery clerk in t,he postofice, mad in those Clays ho knew everybody ni this section aind cycrybiody knew im. Being a itepublican lie lost his job somie years ago under a D)emocrat,ic idministrat.ion, iand has nIot had the easicat, sort, of time since and1( lis bollth lias 1)een bad. Kniowing these fats someIi of t,he llpublicans must have wantt.ed to help himu along, for Johnnie told me ani incidlent, this mnorni inlg that seems to prove it. In his D)utch-EFnglish hie said that he haCd beeni offered a position of Sonme sort in t government, distillery, and his reply o0 t,he letter from Columbia wits seine thing like this: You may kniow that for four yeai s I was a Confederate soldier and1( fotghit the Yankees. Since that time I 've beeni a solier of the Cross and1( fight. ing the dlevil. I can't go over to the tievil's side no0w and have anything to dlo with making whiskey. I dlon't want your job. Yours truly, .JolJNN I I BEiIClm. That,'s the refusal as close as it cani be reculled from Johinnic's recitatl in his broken E'nglish. The Great Coali Strikce 1i4 Near The great anithratc coal strike in Pennsylvania has been virtually end edI, unless the i)nneA -organization Ahall refuse to, adicept tyc terms of ar bitration, ana,hoir..[decision will be nPcl) y a5 ciOnvenitlii on Monday, 26t'h i ni. Thebitrators were chose by Pr lsident oevelt, andl this coi. ii4(n will. 'adjusL the dliffereice be. ig Geminers and operators. Mrn and Mrs. .J. Terrell Smnith, o Williston, 8. 0., who Cdonated th fundls for the erectioii of the Smiti Ilomoe at Connie Max well Orphanag visited the place Jlast week, which wa Mr. Smnith's fIrst visIt to the orphaun age. A great (deal more cot,n is b)e1m shipped to Chaileston than formier1 Charlest.on will have a gala week i December. o SO;TR CAlmoi,1N,s's c SitNAT1OtS, 0 It ia Till \' Who 1101(s t he Seat of John C. Callholln. Mr. A. 8. Sally, Jr., in The 8tat,: In the late Senatorial camiIuVn in this State it Was quite cotmmon tio hear it said of so and so that lie was " hnt lit to Occupy the seat of .Johu C. (ai houn." Now, as a matter of fact , as well as of congratula' ion, One seat now occupied by Senator McL,aurin is not the seat that Calhoun filled. Senator Tillman holds the seat that Mr. Cal houn so ably filled for so many years. When tho first Congress of the Unitod Statcs met in 1789 South Caro lina was repto- ented in the Smnate by Messrs. Ralph Izardl and Pierce But ler. Senator Izard's term was for six years, ending March 3, 1795. Senator Butler's for four years, ending March 3, 1793. In 1792 the Legislature re ilected Senator Butler for a six years' tern, but he resigned in 1796, and John Iiunter was elected to fill out the term. In November, 1798, Senator limiter resigned and Gov. Charles l'inckney was elected to fill out the term, which expired March 3, 1799. At the same time Mr. Pinckney was elected for the full term of six years, beginning March 4, 1799. IIe resign ed in 1801 and Gen. Thomas Sumter was elected to till out the term, in 180 i Gen. Sumtcr was re-elected for the full tern, beginning March 4, 1805, but he resigned in 1810 and .loln Taylor was elected to fill out the term, endilng AMarch :3, 1811, and also for the full term, beginning March 4, 181. Senator Taylor resigned in 18It;, and\ William Smith was elected t to till out. the tern and also foi' the full t terml, beginnig March 4,1817. j iAVNEI- AND (:AI,I0tiN, I li 1822 l'ohert Y. Ilayne was elect ed to succeed Seit')r Smith for the c 1lnl term, bhginning March 4, 1823, J aill n I 28 Senator llayne was re- t elected for a te coind tein, Ieginnmlg r Marh1 I, 1 b82, lut lie resigned in 1832 1 and .ohn C. Calhoun was elected to fill out his tertn, Mr. tallhouun resign- h ing Ihe otlice of Vice I'resideul, to go t oi the Iloor of the Senate. In 1834 e1 Senator (Calhourn was re-electel for a full termi of six years, endi,ng Mlarch J 3, 18-t I, and in 18,10 he was re-elete< w for a thu-d term, le.inning March 'I, t 1841 , but he resigned in 1812 and I1 Judilg!e I)uiel Elliott IIuger was elect.- 11 ed to liil out the term, hut Mr. Cal.. c. houn's premence in thi Seuat e was soom nced<lu(, and in 1815 Senator lucer re- J signed and il\r. Calhoun was returnted Ii to his oll seat.. In 1841; he was re- S elected for a fourth term, enling ai March 3, I15:. lie died \ratch il3, I 18. (, an1d (I' rnorr ''ablruotk IappImt- (, ad Ilin. F. 11. 1Ihnorte t.o the vacancy so created. Alr. I:Imlore died 11aty 211th f"ollowy ini:, and (1i1vernor Seabirook aip1oint.edi " [lon. Robert W. liartiwell to th(. t( vacancy. In D)eetbt'er following the e Legislature elected lion. Robert arn- t well I lett to till out the term, but, i Senator ihett served ut,it a little over e a year aal re,igned. ioveInor M lcans appointed l[i. William 1". I )eSaussure ti to the 'acancy, aui wheii the I,cu isla ture met ;cuattr I )lSaussure was elected to fill ot, the term. At the sane time .1itIge losila J. l"vans was u electedl as Senaitoi lh:Saiussure's siue- (e cessor for the lull term, beginningi March ', I1853 Seinaitr l'Cvanis died I May h , 1858, and ( lover'nor Al lston ap1- a pointed Arthur 1'. ilaytne to the vacancy so creatted. The Ilaegislatmoe, in I )ecembhor fol - lowing, elect.ed ,bunes (Chestinut, .Jru., to till out the term , end inag M arch 't, 1859, and lor the full terma, b,e.itnnin'g MNarch -1, 1 85'., aind ondling MIarch ;t, 18t;5. Seinator Chestrmtii reti red from t the Seuiate November 10, 181,0. Friom that (lat.e until Julne 25, 1 8t;8, the State was nmot represented ini the Senate of the Un aitedl States, but, i I1808 Tihomtas .J. ltobertson was electedl 1 Senator for t,he te rmn, begin amntg March 'I, 18W5, and enidinig M ach 4I, 187, I. in 1870 lie was re-elect.ed for the full termt, exp)irinig March 3, 1877. Th'le LIegislat,ure elected G'm. M. C. liutler to succeed Senator Itobertsoni, and by the smiue body lie was re-elected in 1882 tand in 1888, retiring M arch 4I, 1895, ini favor of 11. lI. Tillmiani, the priesent repiresentative of the D emnoc racy of South Carolina, wvho hadt de feated himi before the L egislat,uro in 1894. It will be seen that 119 Senators have occupjied this seat mtade so famous by J ohna C. Calhoun in t,hi 15 years t,hat, lie occupiedl it. It is also worthy of niote that Mr. Latimer, whetn lie will have takeni his seat, will be the I19th Senat,or t,o hiavc occutpiedl the seat, of lzardl and1 Gaillard and Preston andI McD)utile andi Hampton. slut, the Cal houn seat possesses onie ilvantauge that, the other does not. 1i, has never beu,n occupied by ani alien knave. No one but a native bor.n South Carolinan has succeedled Calhoun, while the other seat, reserved for a Sout,h Carolinian, has been occuipiedl by a Sawyer and a P'att,crson, carpetbaggers who iNere " among us, but nOo us." TliEa SEA'r 1HE1) nii 3t'laAislN. Mr. Izard, who secured the six years' term in 1779, was succeeded i March 4, 1795, by ,Jacob Read, and y Senator Read was, in turn, defeated i for re-election in 1800 by. Johm E4wing a Coltoun. . Senator. Colhoun,.is:. p.opus, a larly supposed to have hecon. of' .ti . same family as-John Calhoun, but.he ,was not,. Hie spelled his8 name diffe'rert. ly and his family came to South Caro huma from " Fawny, County - Tyroneo, g and1 Kingdom of . 1reland.'' John C. 'Calhoun's ....grAnidfather came frote Couty Doif gal to Pennsylvah Is ni ;1731, and his father, P'atrick Calhoun camne t.n sinth Camna4 frmm virgim in 1750. The two families might have come of the same stock originally, .Jol C. Calhotm, however, married the daughter of John Ewing Colhoun. sI.ivm v O\'Fu 21 YEARS. The latter died October 20, 1802. anl ex-Senator Pierce Butler was "I.Ectedl by the Legislature to fill out iNs teri. Senator Butler resigned in 1'I t4, mai'l the Legislature elected John (ailarn to fill out the term. Senator Gaillard was re-elected in 1800, in >812, in i;1, and in 1824, but died P()rary' 21, 1 2;, and Governor appointed ILon. William airper to the vacancy so created. Senator ('aillard served for over 21 year-s-the longe4t tne that any Sena tor from tlhk State has ever served, Senator Al. U. Iutler coluin" next with 18 years. Over half of the time that, Senator Gail lard was in the Senate he was president pro ten of that body, and it is said thatlon one oc casion he acted as President of the United States for one (lay. Ills suc cessor, Senator Harper, served until the meeting of the Legislature in Nov vember, 1820, when ex-Senator Wil liam Smith was elected to fill out the term. PREiCSTON AND M'DUFFIlC. In 1830 Governor Stephen 1). Miller was elected by the Legislature to suc feed Senator Smith on March -1hli, fol owing. Senator Miller resigned in 1b33 and the Legislature elected Wil iam C. Preston to fill out the term. 4euator Preston was re-elected in .80 for a second term, but resigned a 1842, and the Legislature elected x-Governor George McDullie to till >ut the term and also for the new orm, beginning March 4, 18-13. Sena or McDutile resigned in 184(i and the .ogilature elected Judge A. P'. But 3r to fill out the term. Senator Iiutler ras re-elected in 1848 and in 1854, but led May '25, 18b7. Ex-Governor ames II. Ha?mmond was elected by t0 Legislature to fill out the term, but tired from the Senate November- 10, in 18(18 the Legislature . elected 'rederick A. Sawyer to fill out the rm, beginning March 4,' 1807, and iding March 3, 187:. Sawyer was icceeded on March 4-,.1873- by John ,'atterson.. In. 1879. Patterson, the orst specimen thiit ever occupied the le seat, 'gave plae? - td the great:de'' an that ever filled, it,. ,. ioral "Wade aip,ton. Senator Hampton was re-. eeted in 188-1 and served until March , tSl, when he was succeeded by hn L. M. Irby, who had defeited'. im belfoiu "Ilie le gislature .in:;1890. nuator lrby ret.ire< March 3, 1807, id was succeeded by Judge 'Joseph f. l:arle, who had received the Demo-. ratic nomination in the primaries the minnmor before. Senator E3arle died a i'jrt time after taking his seat, and overnor 1;llerbo appointed John L, lel,aurin to fill the vacancy.. Sena )r Mel.aurin was nominated for lection by the Legislature to fill out 1e term, and the Legislature eon rned the action of the primary by ecting Mr. Ncl.aurin Senator. And ow Senator Mclaurin will give way Mr. I,atiiner. All:i,icIJNA:\I, f'i II 'iCit'il'C,s O TIIIC NION.--The onion! is one of .the most ((eIul of the coimnion vegetables not uly as an applliser, but for its medic il (quahItles, ltaten just before bed tue,' it is sid to induce alcep, and Iso toI lbe a good remedy for a cold, most app)etising way to prepare hem is to slice the mild, white ones its) thin~ sluces or chop fine, season mill with salt and pepper ; then butter. wo thin slices of lightbre'ad 'and -- lreadE ai generous laycr of the chopped '1on1 between. 10ate~n in this . way. lhey aro0 very enljoyab)le. For (feel) cold mI throat oi' laings, lake a poultice by baking in the oven. uiL soft, mxash fine and put into the. oultice bag and( apply as hot as ehn e borne. This has been knowri to vert pneumionila, and1( in a few-ceases o give relief when physicians' reme lies had failed. If the patient Is suf-' ering very greatly there may not; b6 imne to bake the ouions, in which :ase, chop thiem as fine as possible and iceat as hot as can be borne and apply mmedliately. T1hie object of banking is o retain the strength of the onion. l'hic juice of the baked onions pi.essed. mut and sweetenedl is also an excellet remedy, although not a very palatable An excellent remedy for earache is miade in tihe following manner : split a 6 hirge onion, and take out --the contial part, into this cavity, put a roll of ,leaf tobacco, then tie the parts together again andl bake either in' the stove or. thie liot, ashes, whichever may be the : miost convenient, and when cool prass out the juice and bottle. When need edl drop) a few drops Into the ear, and you will find t,bat it will give speedy re lief. - ' - ,. - Joseph Bauch, of Wallersville, Pa., adlvertised for a wife an,d-feceived re pules from all over the country. Wish ing 'to share his prosperity. with 9thQr lonely bacheois', he'dIettritat.numi boer of the leitter-amokig-iestriends1 They correspond,ed,witti t igriter andI as a result fiye weddilngs wilt soon take' place. -Bluch found hIs'afiinity in ea* South Caroliba woman 'with a bank ac~ CASTOR I. - Er Inf4nta an Ohfldren. ein s %the Yo noAwy