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T.NHE 7PEO PLE S DL VOL I I.-NO. 7.PICKES SC.THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 9' N OLRAYA THE ANDERSON LA Thirteen Men Are " Free Laborers " Were OVERSEERS AND GUARDS LY BEAT [The special committee of the grand jui investigate the labor contracts used by ce with the abuses to negro laborers under t thirteen men for cruel treatment f lal dictment of Magistrate J. J. Gilmer for in which it is charged that Gilmer appropr dollars. His case is of small importance who are indicted. The finding of the c A special correspondent of The State a writes as follows from Anderson in ad- ti vance of the report to the grand jury . 1 From time to time for the last year or two a word has been dropped here N and there about the "cinch" that An- y1 dersons farmer had in labor, but no in- ti vestigation has ever before been made n and the matter (lid not obtain lodg- a ment in the public mind. Anderson is w considered one of the most enlightened a( counties in the State and her negroes e are supposed to be as intelligent as any S in the "up country"-much more en lightened than those living in the lower N belt of counties. When, therefore, a o year or two ago during the session of w the Legislature, when some one asked p ion. Joshua Ashley how the farmers ti managed negroes in his county, and he t replied " We lick 'em," his fellow law- I'l makers laughed, but gave no weight to bI the remark. ti The first time that the (uestioln of N "slavery" in Anderson was brought to hi public attention in a serious manner Li was (dming a debate in the Legislature j February 1st. A bill introduced by fc Representative John F. Banks was un- b, der discussion. It provid(ed for sub- m mitting to the qualified electors of the Il State the question whether the juris- st (iction of the local magistrates, now 11 limited to imposing sentences of thirty 8l days imprisonment, should be increas- N ed to three months at hard labur for w the crime of violation of agricultural t contracts. The measure was defended by several members. Representative jt Bolts, of Georgetown, the only colored le member in the House, made his first h( speech of the session in earnest op- v position to the bill. It was intended d( to amend the constitution -so that ad- t ditional punishment could be inflicted e" on the negro and the negro would have j no voice in the matter. It was unjust T, and unnecessary. w It was at this point that J. (. Wol- in hng, of Fairfiehl, a large farmer, took la the floor. Ile opposed the bill. No h( more laws were needed to enforce labor .1o contracts. There was a grave ques. ei Lion as to the right or wrong of these contracts. As made in some counties m they were wrong. Continuing, Mr. c( Wolling said: "I have been told that at in Anderson County the evil of the sys- s temn is so extensive and( pronounced F that men are actually bought andl sold Iii on the streets of the court house town." Mr. Ashley sprang to his feet and made a wrathiful rejoinder, exclaimed that the people of Anderson were as " good people as there were anywhere in the world. Mr. RI. B. A. Robinson, h~ of Anderson, declared that Mr. WVol- si ling was telling what was not true and 0: that lie knew it. It seemed for a few tl moments as if the representatives oi would come to blows. However, they fi were pacified andI Mr. Wolling said lie tr had not intended wvounding the feel- pi inigs of representatives of Anderson, th but a member of the Anderson (delega- w tion was his informant and authority, f< and lie believed his statement to lbe gi true-.i Thle vote on the resolution was (i4 in d its favor and 42 against, but it required tl 84 to pass such a measure providing si for a constitutional amcndimenit, so it it failed. ei In making its presentment at, the it regular ternm of court three weeks ago ni the grand jury of Anderson said: ci "We have made special investigation 0o of the labor contract systemi which ai prevails to a large extent in this county v aind have found on record a number of A contracts in which laborers have agreed E to work undler guards andl be locked up S at night, receiving practically the same treatment as conivicts. tL "Our information is that these con- sa tracts are not continedl to those plaices ii where convicts are worked and where hs stockades exist but have in msome in- 'a stances been executed to hand owners j who do not work convicts. Tfo what 'I extent the provisions of these con- o tracts have beeni enforced we have ti been, so far, utbable to ascertain, if Ih strictly enforced they have led to a vio- a lation of the law which should at 0once e be ended. To the end, therefore, that a f~ ful~l investigation should be made andl ti the law vindicated, we have appointed f a committee, consisting of IR. A. Sulli- c van, J1. B. Leverott, ... McFall, .J. T1. h Millford and~ E. R. Uall, and ask that t your honor give theni full power to It swear and examine witnesses, to corn- ( peI the ptroduiction of such papers as t may be necessary, with the privilege hi of visiting without hiindiance the stock- y ades in this county and of having ac cess to and confei ring with all laboicra v who are or are suspected of beimg re- & strained of their liberty under these I contracts, which committee shall make ,f BOR CONTRACTS. To Be Indicted. Treated As Convicts. SHACKLED AND CRUEL THEM. 'y of Anderson County, appointed to tain parties in that county, together Iem11, recommended the indictment of orors and convicts, and also the in isappropriating court fees. The sum iated is small, hardly more than fifty beside that of the other thitteen men >mmittee was as follows :] full investigation and report the sa.-ne, )gether with the evidence taken at the iecial sesbion of the court which is or Iredto be held on March 7 unxt." Later in the week the trial of A. T. ewell, a farmer, for the murder of rill hull, a negro laborer, impressed te matter so forcibly upon 1the judge's ind that he took vigorous action, and ado a charge to the grand jury that as an eloqueut and almost pathetic Idress, and for which lie has been immended i every quarter of the ate. It developed during the trial that ewell wisi a cotton planter and was ic of the dozen private persons to hon the State in still leasing her sur us convicts-those not employed ia e hosiery factory within the walis of e penitentiary, or on the big State rms; that Hull was not a convict, it was a contract laborer; that a short ie before lie was killedl he had left ewell's stockade and gone back to s home to see his wife and children; it Newell obtained from Magistrate J. Gilmer, of Anderson, a warrant r Ili.l's arrest, and was deputized ' Gilmer as his special constable to ake the arrest; that Newell captured ill at his home, took him back to the )Ckade and locked him up; that when ill next attempted to escape lie was ot, and killed. The jury acquitted ewell, his evidence being that Hull is advancing on him with a stone idi a knife, and lie shot. in self-defense. During the progress of the trial idge Benet receiv( an anonymous ter from a negro, who said lie with Id his name because if it was re aled lie would be killed. The judge clared lie would make tn exception his rule and notice such a comuni tion. le read the letter to the grand I ry. The writer recited the case of ,m Parks, a negro, who, lie alleged, is charged with no crime, except bo g absent from the stockade of his udlord, who was caught on the court tuse square in Anderson, and, with it warrant or trial, and In the pres ice of policemen and citizens, carried to the stockade of "Quint" 11am on1d, one of the largest planters in the 'unty; also the case of Robert, Brown, Iother negro, who was taken i the me manner to the stockade of J. 5. owler, aiiothier lairge planter andl i iential citizen. The following is the rep~ort of the ecial committee of the grand jury : The prIinicipal work of this conunittee is been the investigation of the I ockades of the county anid the abuises laborers und~er tyrannous contracts at have grown out of the farming i, of convicts and tihe working ofi e laboreis with them. We have ken the testimony of more that fiftyi 3rsons incliiding! that of the landlords, cir overseers and guiardls, together ithi a large nmuber of laborers and1( a w other citizens. In these inivesti itionis we have met with every cour-I sy and generally we have found no positioni to obstruct our work up)on Le part, of those whose farms and ockades we visited. A most careful quiry failed to reveal that any gen al abuse of the laboring class exists Sthis county, so that our work 8001) irrowed dlown to those pllaces where mnvicts were employed and to two her places where stockades existed 1(1 free laborers were employedl. We sitedh the farms of J. JBelton Watson,1 . T. Ne well, P. B. Allen, J. R. M iller, lias McGee, WV. Q. Hammond and .. Fowler. We are unable to 1find any abuses at te farm of .J. B. Watson. lie has a ockade and1( works free laborers, but e fouand no0 evidlence that the free borers were put in the stockade or orked in line with the convicts, or sub) ected to aiiy illegal restraint or abuse. lie same thing was true at the farm P'. B. Allen. We found that lie had Lkeni two contracts in which the borers atgreedl to work uinder guanrd ad( 1)e locked up at night, but his own vidence and~ that, of all the laborers so ir as we couldh ascertain was that, iese p~rovisionis hiad never becen en >rcedl. A. 'T. Newell works State mnvicts and has a stockade, but he as worked no free laborers along with 1o convicts until recently, wheni lie as taken two contracts of that sort. ine of these was the case of the uiifor mate negro Will hulh who was killed y WV. S. Newell a few weeks ago and rhose case is referred to above. .J. Rt. Miller formerly wvorked con icts, but they were taken away by the tate and lhe nIow employs only ''free'' tbor, if md sed we may use the word ree to deoscrib~ed those laiorer who have signed his contracts and subjecter themselves to the conditions existini on his farm. lie has a stockade whici was originally built for his State con victs, and his contracts provide tha the " frec " laborers will work undei guard and will allow themselves to b< locked up at night. Our first investigations at this plac< were met by a btatelent from the ne. groes that they were satisiled withi their treatment, but their manner in dicated coercion and subsequently wc imade further investigations whici convince(! us that J. It. Miller and hi, overseer, .1. A. Emerson, had been guilty of whipping negroes, locking them up at night, of working then under guarl and putting shacklee upon them. Among these unfortunates were John Harrison, Will Wright Warren Sloan and Lige Jones. We found several of Mr. Miller's contracts left blank as to time of service and amount to be paid, though the contracts were duly signed and witnessed. li the case of Warren Sloan lie sceens to have been arrested by J. It. Miller and another man, whose name we could not ascertain, near Central in Pickens County; there is testimony that no warrant was exhibited if any existed, but lie was handcuffed and taken to Miller's stockade and kept there until this investigation began. Since our first visit to this stockade he was turned loose and allowed to go home In our judgment the said .1. It. Miller and J. A. Emerson should be present ed by the grand jury for the ofTences above mentioned, and we so recoi. mend. In many respects the most remark ble case coming under our notice wis diat of Elias McGee who has never Biployed State convicts, but who b~uilt a stockade and prepared to I reat is laborers as convicts. Ilis con .racts provide that the laborers shall be worked itudler guard and locked up it night, and there was abundant evi lence to show that lie had locked up n the stockade, worked under guard, Ind whipped his laborers. Among them vho suffered i part or all of these kbuses are Wesley Norman, llandy [Carle, Yance Smith, Geo. Tilley, John 2linkscales Clarenec (Gaillard, Evins Webb, Louis Alexander, Morris Jor. [an. Some of these negroes had been irrested, and signed contracts after >eiug put under arrest. John Clinks ales was accused by Elias McGee of tealing coin, was brought to Anders3on iand-cuffed, and after lie had signed a ontract, but without any trial, was urned over to W. Q. Iaiiond who arried him to the latter's stockade. rVe think the Grand Jury should make iresentment against I.lias McGee and ve so recommend. W. Q. Ilammond runs a large farm n1 this county aid employs a consider ible number both of State convicts oid "free" laborers. His contracts >rovide that the "free'' laborers shall )c worked under guard and locked up it night and they suffer illegal im >risonment, and more, for the evidence hows that a number of these unfoi tu iates have been worked under guard mnd gun, have been locked up at night md on Sundays, and have been shock d and whipped. Among those who tffered these things at the hands of Ar. Hammond and his overseers, Win. Bailey, James Martin and---Day, ire the following: Lshanm Abercrom ie, .Pink Itogers, ,Jamnes Clinton, .John lewey, Tom Parks, Charley Johnson Lnd John Clinkscales. Several of hiese were in jail at the time of our xam in ation. They had b)en in dictedl ast, fall for gambling, had been with mut trial until this inivestigationi began, yhen he surrendered thenm back to the her If. Th'le negro, Tomn Parks, whose case .vas called to the attention of the ~rand~ jury by the presidinig judlge was cleasedI ahnost uniediately thereafter. [Ie was taken lorcibly and without rial, under one of the harqh contracts ibove referred to, andl coniliin :d in tihe stockade, worked with thec convicts, ird suffereci the other atbuses above nnentionied until this invest igatin was Jegun. We learn that perhaps a score >f other laborers hel undler similar 3ontracts have left this rm during the )ast fewv weeks. One of them, P'ink lRogers, states that lhe was given a whipping of fifty lashes by Wim. Bailey it tihe stockade. We thinik that thme facts dlisclosed Iemuand~ that WV. Q. Haimmondh, Janes Niartin, W m. Bailey and--Day should be presented by the grand jury ror the violation of law above men aionedl and we so recommendl. J. S. Fowlcr, who (irst used1 the con bract providing for "free'" laborers to bie treatedl as convicts, worked undi~er guard, locked up), etc., empllloys a coni niderable number of coinvicts and~ also f the so-called "free'' laborers, lie has two stockades one of wvhich is tmder the sup~ervisioni of James Cook mid which was formerly managed by Willis McGee; the other is under the uharge of Levi Thomas. At thiese farms the convicts andl "free"' laborcrs have been worked together undera gu~ardl who carried a gun, they have been locked up at night, and sorme of them whipped. There wvas nio evi hence of any of thenm having been: shackled. Sonic of them had been ac cused of trivial offenses and were put tinder contiract to work out, 'lebils or t( repay money advanced for them. James Evins, Ihaylis A rter, Alonzc Lark, Frank Ilowlan, John Bell, Robert Brown, Foster Butler, D~ari 11111, Willis Iharper, .Joe Whitfield, ,Jimr Rtice , .John Gilliamn, Turner Walker, Andr'cw Dobbs, D)ock Freeley anm Drayton Wheeler are some of thi negroes who have been confined ii Mr. Fowler's stockades. Willis Mc Gee, Jamnes Cook, Levi Thomas George Thoma arnd Mike Iobbin 1 should have presentment mado againist ( them by the giand jury for whipping k different ones of these negroes. Willis Mc(ee was especially cruel. l It was testiied that lie had given th ' negro Baylis Arter 100 lashes on one occasion, and that he whippet Holiert Brown most severely and cruelly and on one Occ-asion shot live times at -Drayton Wheeler, one of the bullets passing through Wheeler's hat. The testimony goes to show that George Thomas shot at Dock Frecl~y and that he was also ready at the whippings. Andrew Dobhs was found to be suffer ing from rheumatism, which ho says was brought on by being compelled to stanid almost waist deep in mud and water in colHi weather, ditching. Ile was arrested by A. M. Bailey, who has been acting as a sort of constable for J. S. Fowler, but was never tried. .1. A. Rice is a negro of rather weak mind, who was captured in Georgia by Elias McGee and charged with having escaped from J. S. Fowler's stockade inl this county. Upon being brought here it was found that lie was not the man he was suspectled of being, but neertheless after being kept for sev eral days in tho stockade lie entered into one of these l'abor contracts and has been in the stockaile for several Months, though unwillii'gly there. A number of "free" laborers have left Mr. Fowler's farm since these investi gations vero first begun, but some un willing ones were still in the stockades when we Vi8ited them. We found n1o evidenlcce to colnect Mr. Fowler in any way with the whip ping of these laborers, but he wits a party to tihse contracts which pro vided for the illegal imnprisoiinment and vorking under guard of the laborers and is responsible for those provisions being enforced and that presenitmnent should be made against him therefor. We submit herewith the memorauda of testimonly which we have taken which will simv to tile court and solic itor more fully the facts which we have reporied an( will enable them to get the iames of the witnesses to prove such facts. It is proper that we should add that much of the abuse has alremiy been c)rrected as a result of this in vestigation and that some of the par ties have been to us with the assurance that they woni( immediately correct the evils existing on their farms to which we have called attention. Owing to the widespread influence and effeet that follows any public dis cussion of the q1uestioni of farm labor inl this State and the result that may follow a presentment such as we po pose it is proper that we should in closing this report enter into a brief discusioni of the influences that have brought, about the evils reported and make suggestions as to the remedies therefor. We have heard rumors that this investigation has alheady created a widespread interest and that the con ditions have been discussed with some feeling but we have as far as possible avoided reading anything published or said in this respect ill older that we might pursue our investigations with out any ifluence or bias from any quarter. The question of farn. labor in this State is a very dillicult one and the present laws regulating the santo are insuflicient. The negroes whom we found con fined in the stockade were composed largely of a class of shiftless debtors who are subject to indictment for petty offenise, and1( w~ho could not be success fully wvorked under ordinary contracts. They are men01 who have no property, andl men0 whlo evadle their debts unliess comlpdlledl to pay them. Against them the process of a civil court is worth less; that (if the criminal court under existing laws is inadeqluate. Some thing should 1)e don1e by the legislature to grade the punishmtient of this class accor'dire to the offence. liut the worst trouble has not been in the de fect. of the provisions of the law so much as its enforcement. I t has come to 1b0 a settled plolicy in this county that indictment for violation of con tract, and for disposing of propert~y unde10rrin shouiild be comapromiised, and not ried. We arceconvincedl I hiat this is wrong ini priieiple and danger Whatever nijustice miay 1be (don1 ani indlividlual b~y <hsposmig of property on which lie hats lien, or by the violation of a contract by onie of his emuployes, and1( whatever force miight be given to the effect, of penal statutes t.o induce payment of (debts or fttlfillment of con tract a that never has beenl the trute ini tent and puripose of the penial statutes. They are enacted to prievenit ptiblic wrong, andl when a pr'osecuitioni hais on1ce been instituted and the power of the criminal court invoked, the qties tion of private recompense should (dis appear, and the pubihlic interest alone shiould be conlsidIered. While this may result in occasional hardships, it is the only sate policy. Abuses will othber wise grow ump until the crinmmal et1~rts are degradled into machines for private gain, and~ often for ex tortion ad op p1 ession. In our1 judgimnt it should be a crime to comlpromnise any ease after inidictment found with a view of p)rivate gain. Nor can we cond~ens~i too severely that other fruitful source-in fact, the origin of the abuses herein rep~ortedl the leasing out of convicts to work on plrivate farms. Evils already dletailed are too cluqueint to niecessitatte a dlis cusi8Bon to pirove this. Such a system should not 1)e tolerated after its results have been exposed atS in this county. We have heard it intimarnted that our investigations and exposures would I (disturb) the labor condiltions to sulch an extent as to create trouble in this State. We dho not believe that it is - true, but if it were we would not hesi ,tate to declare the evils we find andl to demandh1( that they should be abolished. The dnty of this body is plain: We iniust stop the violations of law that flow exist, and if others begini On the part or the laborers themselves, then we will unite with the law-abiding citizens of the Couinty inl pIIIIisling 1(anI teriiuiating these evils. The result of our ivestigations show that the system of working laborers under guard and confining them inl stockudes does not exist in this county further than we have reported. I rooably not a1s maly as twenty men, either as principal or agent, either di rectly or indirectly, have been engaged In this abuse. Oi the other hand, the number of laborers and lietiors who have violated the law will double that number many titues. We therefore reiterate that the inl Iluence of this grand jury, and we do not hesitate to say of the court also, will not be extended to enable any man to avoid a just contract, and that we have found that lmost of the labor contracts of the county are legal and just. If violations of just contracts begin as a result of the investigations we have miiade, we suggest that wai raints be sworn out and prompt punisi mont given. We have not undeitaken to asstume the responi4bility of prose cuting tile laborers who have violated their Contracts, becaause the position and influence of the lanlord makes them fully able to do Ihat without. as sistanicie frmuill us. This special report has been broiuht abot'l 1 :a because of the oppression and abuse of n01 who were too poor, too frielidless. tIoo iviorant and often too degralded to act for themselves, but whio are nevettheless entitled to the fill protection ol the law, and who because of tlt ir weak ness live a pectiliar climii to our pr1 tection. All of which is respectfully sub rHIR'IS NO GOOD IN NIEGRO Bill Arp Coninents Upon Book Written by a Carpet-Bag Negro. 'The ratce problem has bobbed ill) lgaill at the North. The lion. \illiam llnnibal Thomas out-Herods Ilerod in his deninciation of tihe negro and The New York- NX seems to indlorse hlim. Thoilas is a liegiro freeborn in Ohio, Itit clime down to South Carolina and servedl ill the ctrpetbag li egislature luring tihe recoit'truction period and afterwards held judicial oflie(, and mays inl the preface to his book that he has been studying the inegro for thirty ycars and is more and more confirmed 11 his opinion that there is no good in [lim-neither socially, morally, in lustrially ox, politically. Ilis remark ble book has recently issued from tie vell-known press of thie Macmillan .o , in New York, and The New York itin devotes at t good part of a page in 'ev'iewinlg it. The author says the race is slowly, it surely degene rat ing-t hlt the ie ;ro is by ntilrc a savage with an in '0111 ferocity and knows nio suich lmo Jion as mercy---that he is a beast in uis domllestic relaticuIs an1d will sell tle irtuie of his wife or his daughters ain1 OSe no social position amonilg his peo. Ile or inl his chui ch. That tlie negro weacliers are, the worst of' thu race. I'hey stalk into negro sancturies, aversahdluow the pews, mvade thle pe 'ints (of domlest ic life' aiti despoil the famdliy and1( yoke v'irgini inn~ocenlce with brazen.0l gilit. That,1 the niegro churchles ire d1ehaxuching rendezvous. Thai~t ne gro religion is ia far'ce and1 wvorthiless to reform or regenerate themi and~ the mo(st heinous crimes are commlllit ted by those whot readt andlwit e iI ii are memllbers of niegro) chulrchies. lie says hat the negro is a bru tte inl tile comn mllission of cimel and1( is ai cra~ven eowariid aufter it is comiitted and1( when~ rauight anid punllishedt believes imsel f at ma11 tyr', amt1( if he0 eIscapes the gallows would repeat h1is erimue with no0 sense of' wrong (doing. lie has not concdep tionl of' virtue or trutth ,no feaxr of hll or' damnation, buxt with the hiangm ani's r'ope around his neck is goinig si raight to heaven. Theli author mihily c'1(ondemns lynch ing for certain outrages, nlot becaiuse it is cruxel or illegal, but because it dloes nlot deter othe ni'iegi ties from similar outrages. lie says, however, thaxt hie has nlot yet found that an innlocent. maln has ever'101 b 1en iynched . ie ad voenltes force as thle 01n1 practical re mledy for the negro--force-conitrol sub1jec'tioni to tile white race, nlot ill a state (of slaveily as before the war, but inl one of fear ando obed(ienceO. I~e goes still fuirtheri and suggests the ex terminlationl of the in fer'ior' loments o~f tile race because it is better to have m111hviodual exteri'nation than raco ex tinct ion. lBut space forbids more' (of these anlathlemals, and1( the wonlder is that thle book was written by a necuro of tixe North and that a reputable pulisinilg house5 wold~ chauperon it be fore tile Northlern people1 and that a Nor'thlern edlitor, who has been1 for year's and~ years lampooning thxe Southl Oirn peopl)1 about the negro, shotuld nlow give t his boo(k hlis q1uasi imlorse. mcnllt. Whbat (1oes all thlis miean ? W< knew that thley didl not love the negir< at Akron and~ P'ana, nlor inl the slulmx of New York city, but we thought lit was still safe iln the san~ctum~ sancetorun of Republican edlitors. Whatt is be hind1 this nlew dlepairture? An agenit 11as recently beenl to 0ou towii distributing senlsatlinal circullar') about a new boo0k just issuied in St. Louis inwhich theO au1thor asser1'ts t~hat the ngro is at bea5st and( lie tries to prove it iby tihe Bible as well as8 by3 SCienltifIc reseax'ch. TIhis book i8 bult a revival of a foi 1mer1 book called ''A riel," and( publllished~ about thirty years ago. It is reOthrleshin~g of old str'aw, btt lieems to be a brand new (octrine u North and has tle inidlorselment o( numerous preachers and college pro fessors. One preacher up in lains it, if it had been written fort' ago there would have been in ar, for their people would no II light for the freedom of a lot o beasts. Then aigaln I see in a.i recent editorial in I Rlepublican paper an evi dence of weakness and reaction aboul the negro and the editor asks, " Car it be possible that the two huitildred millions of money sent by the North to educate the Southern negro has tall heen wasted?" Apologies ate now inl order. lin addition to all this it has been as serted by those who know, that AI. McKinley has changed front, and that 110 moie niegroes v will be appointed to oflice. Is the North about to abandon the negro and turn him over to the mercy of his former masters? If so, the negro will be tle gaiiner, and s0 will the South. That is all we have asked for all these years---just to be let a lone. 'T'lhey were oIr negroes be fore the war and they are our negroes yet. We don't give them ollice nor allow them to sit, oil llr juries, 1101 ride ilu our cars, nor find lodging in our hotels, nor take pews in our Churches, and but for Norlhern inter ference they wouhl not have been al lowed to vote, either State or uatitonal or iminicipal, hii we iay them for their labor and ive them a fair- chiea tion. Iut for lear of shockinlg our Nirthern friends the whiipping 1 post would have long sinlieu' been41 the oirce that Thoias says ilist he used, and theni the i,000 that are in the State and counity chai ngaigs of Geot gia would have been rlllced to .)00 or a less number. A bad negro wiho fears not (God nor regards imani, cares not 1 great deal tot tle gallows an1d less for thehaigang, and nothing filr a term in jail, but lie does drea:1 a good whip pi ing. We old iasters all remember that. One good whipping will ha1t a negro for years. The chaingaing et teets no reform and does not last six motbs. but tle average negro does not neied corporal punisliment ofte ; lie needs a boss3. Th1oim1as ib riglit whien1 hV declares that they are getting wors ii'iteat of better, e.specially in the towns and1h cities. Itearl the Atlanta paxpers and ask the Atlanta police. Ask .Judg I royles to compare tie records of his couirt. Ask the judge and solettor of aiy court. They are growing worst everywhere, except on the farms and plantations, where they are controllet by landlords, who are iearly as muel their masters as in the olden tinies If they don't use physical force theo exercise a will power that exacts ith utmost obedience. Tle landlord is (hie boss. Thomas is right when lie asserte that they have 110 conception of do mestic virtue an(] morality. They seldom marry according to law, but just, take till and guit wheni they feel like it. There are more negro child ren inl this town and everyother town who are born out of wedlock than those who are born in it. Neither ni nor wile nor church member loses caste for itorious infidelity to the marriage relation. As Thomas says most of thh preachers are on that Iino. Fight negro preachers are niow1 in our State cin1igaig and as niy miore inl lhe counity ganigs. I asked a niegro lhe othier mday what. they tiniedl thei r p reacher ilf foir, amd h le said " it were for somec oiireglarit ies.'' Sonme of our negro schocol Ieachiers it, thie samie re puttat ii andl have to ste do~llwni and~ ot. We hadl 4one here a few yearis ago who was highly edIulcated and wrolte a beatitifut letter, but lie got to kidlnpinhg little thlin gs andh ran away in the unigh t and dlident stop uint il lie gcot to A frica andI was mnade a b ishop.li 14it. Thomas (does lnt, tell us5 ho4w t~o exteriiinate them, nior where to draw Ih li ine betweeii the inif erior classes aind thos iOCwho1 shiall be al lowedl to live andI unutil Iy. lIIe exhaust a hiis iindig.. nalit ion wvithticm defiin bg thle mode and14 mannercm of the remiecdy, I suppose we miighit t ranspor1t lie iiien aiid boys (IveI to Itle 1Ph1iliin1ies andic turn the armay loose illpon1 thiemi,hi bu that would lbe ex penisive, dor we iiighit drive themii oul Winest andc let lthem starve to death ot he killed off by the Indianis. Ainyway wotil satisfy Th'omnas if it exter-mi naited all the had oiies. We are dii reaisconably well 01n that, line, for be .sicdes the lynehings for- the uisual crime which I hope1 will be kept up diligenit ly, we have retired ab~out 5i,000 t pr1ivate life ii the chaingangs of (Get gia, and 15 ,000 mor-e in other Sotuther States. That amnouiits to a p)artil externm nation and( is better, for we get, thiei labor (luring the prlocess. We ougl to take uip every trilling vagablond an send him there, for idleness is thi pareiit of vice and( crimie. I f he hai dlone somie-th ing send hiim for docing and1( it hie hadent done anything thle send hiim for cdoing niothing. And a for t hose snatch thieve us w ho are pm11 suing and robbinhg the 111adies of Atlhmt I wouldent send thema to the chaingaryh tinltil the y liad b eeni whipped on1ce 1 week for a month. Vorce is the thong -- -the force of a ccowhuide onl the' nikaed skin. Th'lat is the remledy for bliack ainc white in Ili'ware, and nit Iher a siiatchi thief nor a bank rcobber darecs tol stop ini thie State. They lhuirry thIirough to aniothier State where t here is no0 whiippinig piost. When we get. s I d-gislare Ithat has got wisdlom antl mocral coura'ige enoutgh to exterminata thme dogs and1( protect the sheep thlej will re-establish the whipping post. Blut about the licasty book that sayi the negroi( hias no0 sou1l, 1 supposei was mnufiuacturedl to sell and1( foo somieblpoy. As my nigger IBob one' said to Nabor Freeman: "~ Efen~u white man got a sotul and a nigge To produce the best results in fruit, vegetable or grain, the fertilizer Ised must contain (1nou1gi Potash. For partic ulars see our pamphlets. We send them free. GluFRAN KAL.I WORKS, 93 N.awit: YtNe ork. haint. got no soul how about a mel Inter ?" That's a conundrum. And how about the In(ians and Chinese an( Cubans an(d the Arabs, How much coloring (oes it take to germi nate a soul? How about such high min(led philaithropic negroes as Book. ,r Vasllington, Presi(lent Councill, Bishop Gaiies, Bishop Turner and the bishop of ILouisiana, who are domng their utmost to reform their race. I had( rather risk them and many other oo( negroes for souls and salvation than many a white man I know. Iow about my faithful Tip, who was born and raised in our family and has been loyal an( loving to his mistress and her children all these years, and how about olbl-time set'vants in almost every family who owned negroes andt whose dlevotion never died when free (10111 camie ? No. Letl Thomas and Company write books to perplex the North and make money for themselves, but let its 1111 or negroes alone. .1 list keep hands oftf 111( we will manage them. We neied them in our fields and fur naces and1 mines and on our railroads. But for their labor as slaves the South woul(d have been tifty years behind in the clearinig of our forests, milding 0111 railroads aind (levelopilg our iniiteral resources. But for them the South would be imuntidated with a horde of foreigners who brig with them all sorts of isms and religions and strikes. The icgro has his faults, but if his presence will keep ininigrants away t will be a blessing. It is still the (estiuny of tile South to perpetuate an uncontaminate(d white race who will save the republic from anarchy and ruin or from mperialism. 131 ,L A imi. P. S.-We read that extermination has begun at Terre iHaute and Indianap olis. I hope Ihanniibal is happy. 1. A. T111 NEW PE.NSION LaAw.-The Columbia correspon(leit of the Neows and0 Courier writes as follows about the workil's of the new pelsioll Jaw: "tIt may be unexpected, aiid it rIuay appear remarkable, but, it is none the less a fact, there are fewer applications f or pensionrs this year than usual. Thes falling off in the State's pension list may be aiccoiunt ed1 for~ ini several ways, but, the likelihood is that it is largely duel to lie fact that under the new law 01(1 applications and1( paplers were rnot regarded ats suflicient and new papers w~ere requiredl. The county of Spartan burg alone shows a redluction of one hundi~redl and fIl ty peinsioners, andl it may be that the new board for Spartan burg is iiot lettIng so many North Caro limnins slip in as has heretofore been charged. Miss Maher, the clerk in charge of the paes finds1 that in every county from which the records have been examm ied there has been a conlsiderablle falling off, and this will - necessarily mean a hitrge proportioniate share of the fund for each of those still on the lists. "The blanks are gotten up with great care, andl it ought to be an easy matter to get the information correctly and have the regulations complied with. Ini ones batch alone fifty p~ension~ blanks will have to be returned, ail though approvedl by the county boamrd, ,simply because the plain and dirc~t ' form , imlade ini compl~iance with the 3 law is, not followed. The forms rc 'iqire the signatures of two witnesses 1 who new of their own knowledge that thle applicant , if a soldier, or the hius - band, if thie pensioni ho for a widow, r ee ini the Souitheorniarmy. This re t- gureet is oftenl neglected. Ini some 53icas only one5 witness5 signs amid all sue bpapjers havie 10 b'e returned for I correction. t"f t wvill necessarily 'take Lime for 1 these blanks to be perfected as they s ought to have been before they were - sen to Columbia, and there wil doubt less be ecmplaints about, the delay, but the fault is with the county autho~rities ini not properly preplaring the papers bef ore they are sent to Columbia.' N orthi Carolinmma's labor commissioner repiorts that 82 per cent. of adutlt em pl03e and 111118 pe cent of chzildreni read~ and1( write. CASTOR IA For Infants andi Ohildren. The Kind You Have Always Bought B ars the