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IHE FAUM[RS' AND MECHANICS' COLLEL A COMPLETE SKETCH OF CLIC3 SON. A Comprehonsivo View of tilc Greatest. Agriculttaral and ilndut trial Collego in the South-Utp Dif'erent Departments an theit Equipmecnt ad Mot bols of Teaeh ing. To the Editor of The News anti t'otrier: 3elieving that the people of thit State will be glad to know how Clem son College is equipped for the work of industrial education, and how this equipment of teaching force, buildings and apparatus are employed, I very gladly comply with your rtquest to write for The News and Courier an outline sketch of Clemson and the work of training our youth into lines whicb will lit them for maximnul usefulnes; in the battle of life under the new alignment of its industrial activities. You have done much through the columns of your journal, which you have conducted upon uch an elevated lane as to command the respect of all intelligent readers, to convey correct impressions of Clemson and its work. )imIiAO'I'\I.\Nt ot' MEii-\N iS. This ue1 art,rient is coniploneu of six divisions, embracing the school of physics, wood shop work, maclin shop work, forge and foundry. electri cal engineering, and d rawig and designing, each of which is in charge of a competent instructor, under the general direction of tie head of the department, who is a chief engineer de tailed from the naval :.ervice for this work. The work in this department p ro ceods hand in hand with that in the agricultural department. The stut"nt, are given such instruction in them-y and such practical work will be beneticial to them in any walk in life, but especially so if they decide to be come farmers. In the division of phyi.ics they are taught the laws of nature which Ihatv" special bearing upon the operat ions of the agrieulturistand mechanii. 'I'The learn how the forces of nature ay be measured, turned to listfi acrount. and controlled : to what Itorp oso echtit form is best adapted. and t h.' best method of utilizing each, whether the water power they find in treams, r the coal which is brought, fr'uot a (di tance and has t.o be handild with economy. T''hey' carn how heat. Ii'ht. and electricity may he tran,ferreil at will, and mode more obedient than any hired labor and far tore rtelia lt. In the division of draw ing. t hetutdert is taught the " innguage of e'int"t r ing." Hlo learn., how to exp re him self brii 1! and t tiectiveiy by" i-ietehe" and working, dr"awin? in a roan ncr in ,vhich he ca'n he ubt trsto,tl. not mrCIely at hom,C but in any part of the civiliied worlt, for lraw - iug is the only apIr ach to a un vtr-al language since the ti":c of the building of the Tower of ikahel. The course begins with free haind drawing of sketelies of -imitlt" 'tit ils to give facility of executi m to the musclestof the hands and tea-b Lhe iy to judge and -t iniate diten-ions ani d proportions. TIhen in-trlun.ent, are taken up atlI exact workin;! draw ing are Iroduced, and traci ngs and hh wrt prints tire mait reaty for' I.-" itt tle shops. L,ater tn originial , h gnsf simnpter forms of machint -ry art mould"d out. and the at,teII-. ea-t ings and cotItleIted utehine- tial froii the im and usetl in tlte teat - fient as part of the workit phaot. The -tudentus secm fully a Ivte to tht" i iortanceof th is brianch,i and i ''tt rcntLy it has been ound nt iece- ia ry tt ret ly onlarge the dr'autght,irg rmom. :iddinga miearly' I . ii.er ceitnt i. e Ij'act', il iIrderI, to accoiiiodate the nuniercolis appi P.ti for' instr'uctioni. In the di ivi siont otf woodtiwo rk the. stutden t gets an exiiellIen t intrthle tiLior to tire use orf ihis brtains anti hlandil at the same timen. Itti com t' niaturie if the mter'ial tile work is t'lear,~ andti light, imphrovreint i r'aptid, anti Lth be-gi n ner i t,heeby tenetmiragda ato Litn der'take imorie ti ItliculIt nmnuioalit abr'. The training of the hiantd anti eye at qirei'd in the fret' hand tdriawin g i-ierveci himi in goodh iteatd htere, arid alsii:,ts hiii grecatly in produttinig wor'k that ii plecasing in appear'ance, as will asi adapted tio its purpolitses. This wortk is very attractive to the i-tdeni,s, tanid matyg of them sl~tld at .'itiiitdtraitit par-t of their leisur'e houtirs workIig at the benches and lathits. The foundt-y is wel' igutipped.t andit there tihe stutdernts arec i-howni hotw moulds ar'e made frotmrli patt trni a td Li,b castings it br'ass amtI inmir prot durcedi. Hie lear-ns ticklyv w hat very~ few peopile eve'r i:niow how var' ts articles in datily i'.- aret pri ur..nd, tal. why som:e arte so muchl mioire expenir,iv, than others of im ilat' genie'ralI :a ptear ance,- liere- the - tudetnt ass Iis i ni mk ing castings fori machinle ry tio ht'Ibuiu and used in the shiopti. It imis her,' found that iren-i castingi- imade lhere are soundcer andt better Lihan thoi e bought fr'om dearlers.. In the for'ge do ti a seies tof girat,l exer-cises in forgi g anrd wt!de ar gone thr'ough w ith, . ,oe sys-temt itiro arrianged to give facility to the ut>, if all the met-c common tools TIml ability to measur'e antI j uge dimiten sions by the eye liuhIittd int thle dIraw ing r'oorm comets ini agalin her"e. anid greatly ex pedit es tihe wor-k of br,init ing down mansses of hot tnittal iio thei reqtuired( shapes ar.d sizes, ireadty ftort use in tho maclinte :hiops. ~l Tere artet eighteen foirges, w ith sets of ioiols comi plete. Th'le iiaeh ine shop is well ciiui ppted 'with twelvye benehes, w ithi sets of Ltols, lathes and othier machintes, such as shapers, tdrill, pre'sies, etc. As ini wor'k with for'ge aind fou ndlry the student is requi retd to p)roducte a setL of linished piece~s oif metal. wor'k ing fronm drawings. The exercises aire gr'aded, and ar-c sutch as ar'e foun rd by e'x - perience in the best techiniceal schools, to be adapted to givintg the most per-i fcct facility in the uise of tottls. No attemp)t is madetli to train stutdenis to be machinists. W%hen it is conisider-ed that It takes ani appirentice lvt year's, working ten hourms a day, ti develtip into a machinist : that thin studternt only works scytn hiour s a diay foir live days in the week, arnd half of hiis tine is taken up with theor-etical studies: e that in the time alloted to pra'icttcal wortk he is employed in draugh~lting, .w.oodawork, foirge and foundr'y, the :futility of expecting himn to become aL .rdachinist is obvious. However, owing to the r'apidity of the pr'ogress and to the.instruction being ctondulcte'd in an orderly and systematic manner', by aL graduate of a technicarl scihool, famiiliar with. the latest and best methods of in str'iction, some of the students (Io ac quire incidentally consider-able tme chanical exill, and 'rre able to assist in manufactur'ing machines andi tools for' use in the department. In this, as in otherp, gr-eat care is taken to teach the student to use the tool best adapted to the work, to use it in a proper manner, to retur-n It to its place when the work Is done and to take proper measures lookIng to its prsevation. so that it may be ready for use when wanted. It is hoped that as the students go out into the State and on the farms they will be so imbued with their habits of care that the sight of farin tools and implements left ex posed to the weather may soon become a thing of the past. In the electrical department the course is a combined one of theory and practice work, tAarting from the beginning and continuing through to the design and construction of dynamos and motors. The theoretical part of the subjecet is kept well up to date by Written notes, prepared and coltinually revised by the head of the division. Vlile the principles taught apply to ill electrical machincs, special att tention is given to those niafhines m1o1t used in this State, and new machines and apparatus are bought from time to time to illustrate most recent practice. Some of the more advanced students arc given r!gular employment in the college, keeping the electric plant ill repair", and the the classes arc emnployed from time to time installing new maclhinery. Solui' students who wish to take this course are disap)oined to Iind that, it re <quires a considurable knowledgo of muathematics. liere, as in many other branches of seienec, the way is blocked by a hlck of mrlatheuat,ics. There is no royal road to learninlg. A good deal of electricity cottld he learned by rote. aItd some of ::IloWiet' e aet{tliretl. At L'lemlson the stldcent is rtiluired to tilerstall(l what l'e is ahotut anti get it broad foillidatioll Oil whiicl to build fte'r leavi ng CIII le:e. TIhe IneehanicaI Labarato ry i, well iiptl pilp l for the instruction of I lie stu leits ill the eonlstinetioll antil se (If lte stalndatd insttitit-, nsed by Sng ineer's for test,Lig the t1 iual ity of el:tl oil, the eharttt'r of ,teauil fI' - liihbed by tile I o0t; r. t) ee that the hoiler is athaiptetd to its werk and per forttintr IruptcrlYI' the inature uf the sinoke ;;u:s to tl:tt:rline thl coumlete -i IIl l in i tl l.L l 'aa ti,'l i s wtill Le ti ta ll elll inltil'a )I i l tie terllinc how niluel (if tiIt ll tI dve tIi tl ill Li .e l iit :': lit Iu 'l ' thO L ieL iit, w h lt'c' it, ii t 'd. a i d it lie i st be i'; V il- lh, ll byl l-ltlt ll a:ia V. h 'iw s ah:ul'I a I ".eI V.Ii te. h IIt I I II'.. ir a t w il-,Ltel . l ' i l .lit Iiai 'll i ller tlr' Ii ' - t itit'd Io ' tunl i a l1 Ird'I' !ll i t ll-. o! ln;atC tii , :iy \\I'iI ;t- it L tllle i'l' e , br1eaklInI!. T Iere I: ai-' a1 ('eineni'Sr t,'sting III i ,l"t. . I tlr Wt lik iln LI is Itrl ur;ttuiry i, natn ;tIi '" ntloit, lite're,t in b.it n a p)r ti ;.li a tlint, ttiull of neitr'i Ill thlr tb ret u vrl! anti practical trail)il)g itI 'lill t i tll i' l tiiht; t Il e. who'I l' of the t 'l ' litl, ';tir":"e. I'l .'rt tie til tlet itt t lti h t Itel . Ipaie tit,it hois tu hi in't uo1 ths an t Icels, } iti'r I al I l e lir:.t, tia nI, t nd fo r tieIry hliu' 1;1' llt ll: tih froi tile It:'itll, t,Irk'i{ lcil til l jt() thilis si,tge,. Work ill tile lue el illi mlath 'ttwy is netlnIl (I f li 'w raI inte ri''t to Iil Iper smLI' w hlo coc illt t')lli:te, \ 'it i Iu li11 1 l'r'. bil,t I, I'.l)t eiatlV ili,t'full ,o t,hose W iu _ o I,lit eo:l fa l Wc ll Ill 0 4.t days iur I.' I,: alwa ltlgippI''d with unurt' or I-s mina hin tI"}, andlt- n tbu ill the near fti t he .suplidill w; ith -itill li ire, 11 ml:ty oftl'n matkv at Ireat. tloal of dit fI'rt'n(,' whl'ther or not Lit ownecr or oflial' i er thI tw': h I)W tI liti h ut, tLbe nittl of ,oin1 ,li l't del-allgelllelli houw to di.-cm-1.r wthetht"r hli. mna%hiae is illing it In-t le ' wheItII hor he is to he ihoIle y t h-eI' aI lt'lI' t it, I ,r'y Ltu'rl tlupo a llh I ) ri"t't t'xp),r. fr"0n1 t.mt. feely ta b ylired ' ; i lite i'. . i itet t'ai Iin truct'I)n l., u. oIpIl,ll;--ied b)y a (,'cut'Ir- il the th ry' ,)f aI licnies, w"hiht I n "'i i wit h thl, eItleit itary LIi in' ,;tie nor yiear, andly enlds withl a f1 rl b taXywL e i Ii -l -In hlle tenior somathi ati ea t he taetidetl a be al e toaiPirtie durin' ihe Whl fhiLs cotiLil Liop ue tunh e is bit ifd,wth i ' te tie' ehi e t i lt ietu y o t w studem t nit.' con: s an mtethonoks m t h omeen-' civi tWl' i 'o.T urtn,w o i rIoniaa the h tli eat lirasIctical uen. to pri cs,il i ii c, hillaei i. LmiuI l c e tiLi3 i Wl'd Ille Ici t'r k in t e 5 pit then fr mehnth m a Ttno tI at ho isr for luareh t tulis e egnn oly ten atpi ciilinitat to vi tkea ae l gth eart luea ofhin uteei ine ofl btey liet mlecanis to tlhowm ain exinwin ievery-n Iii tu.e araeitroud of, nth 1)n11) etiollni wit,l ndic il 'i ltn3l desuidc:- tf , 'i ing b kownsv abti s and examtvhd fini ilih ivitii t.he hlutniti1,1 bntile.. Imi t.h c iitelat u tss Inutl'Oif :d 'llt i.n bingdid a prn. tieyen'iltleh)t 'tii'on or andvi, thf c,olege ins-uat,neitheted paren bor thenbury hmel. i. preae .to makef a choice of the courso to be pursued when first entering the College. Thc course of study pursued in all of our preparatory schools leads ri'ther away from industrial education than to it. [or this reason, where t,he agricultural and mechanical colleges are connected with literary universities, the students are inclined to pursue their studies on the lines of their previous preparation rather than take a new departure into ayriculture or neahanics. At the beginning of the sO011 omor yea1.r the students elect either the agr'i culture or the ncchanical course. The course in nechainics leads up to me chan ical ongincer"ing, civil engineering or clb-trical engineering, or to special prcli:icney in :om)e one of these divis ions. The cour se in agriculture leads to a briad nid comprehensive knowledge, whieb entitles one to tho title of agri culturist: or the student may, besidus acqluirinlr a knowledge of the theory and practice in the different divisions 'elect s )u one or mlore of the divis ions in which to )ecomne I specialist. lie m11ayi make chenmuistry, botany, hor ticulture, dairyIng, entomology or veterinary science his specialty, or he may selcet agr"icllltu'e as his vocation to which the know l.'dge of all of those branches contribnute to make a Well rounded agricultur-ist. In the sophomore class the students rcciVe thor"oiig h training in theoletie ,l C inas wor. in general chenistry, ii iLus rlated by laboratoriy practices, and n otany in class and field and fiold. 1'hey are t,aught, how IanItS grow, how hey feed atnd how they reproduce. I'hcv gather plants from the lield and lab=sify, name and mount theml in the lernhar111n1. The veterinarian instructs them in hie Physiology and anattomly of domlas ic animals. ''he d-tiryiman teaches heml how to feed and manage milch ows and their calves--how to draw he milk from the udder, separate the .rean, ripen it, churn it and prepare ,he buttr' for market; how to make lelicious, honest cheese from whole nilk. They are taught also to test the nilk for butter fat, to sterilize it from njuriou germs. and in fact to do !vc) ything that is neccessary for the mecessful conduct of a dairy or cream The chief of the division of live stock llkes the stuients into the presence oi ho different species of domestic ani nals, and each, provided with score ards is instructed how to judge, a i'ording to the standard scale of points, )f the merits of each airnial as iL re Ilresentative of its class--in cattle wiether ad apted to mlilk, hutter, neef )r wo'k, and so with horses, swine, Aheep and poultry a;cirding LU ,he standard of excellence recogrnized by the best breeders of each species. They are a151) taught how to c;ompound rations of standard feed stu fs to pro, duce given results, such: as milk and hutter product,ion, growthl, fat. mr force, and practically t,'ained iu coi ductnirl eXpelrilments lIooIking to tht determination of the feeding value of the various products of the S,)utherr farm In the agricu lt.tral class room the prineiple- involved in the Lreatmet o soils and 1-t,ts-ho)w to bring the for mier into the be"t condition physically an'd chemically for Lhe production o the latter : how to compound and com posL fertilizers and m)anures to produc< miaximuin results with the greates economy how to st,udy ne(ds of ditl'er cit, soils : w hat plants are use ful as soil imnprovers and how to use them : wha rotation will yield lost prolitable re turnis with the least exhaustion o tle soil ;how to )rotect il lltliV" worn soils :tbo species and varieties o piatnts adapted to [lie dihferent soils o the0 State, antd [lie best mle.thods 0 culitivatinrg them. T1hese and man' other' quest,ions are dliscussedI. Th'i t.cols andi( imph-mients aIdaplted to [th, preparation and eculti vation of di 1fer cnt soils and crops are not only de scib dt).( to [lie students, but [hey assia in their use. TiheC eperli iment work in agriculture stock and( hiorticultu(re affoids a mnos instructive lab)oratoryv for' training thi studenCfts in accuracy of observat,ion mtethotds (of study of the needs of soils planimts and an imaitls, and a familiarit' wit. thile most ad vaniiced practice ii prIeparat,aion, cul tivation and [he imii p i~roeen of phm(ft.s by3 Superior culIti V ation and1t selection. i'overy Il1 sujog t,ailght tin [the lectur' r*oomi is illu(s tratedi by plract,ical training in the iabui latory of thie farm, [,he garden, orchard ineyatrd, daiiry or stock yards. Thi veteri narian takes his classes for thrvi hiouirs weeliy [0 assst, in clintics at hi anitind intirmary. 'lThey are thu's pre par id to care for thie an i mals whItiel m10y nied surgical or~ imediceal atte'n [jion, anid whlen our graduates I e omn eitizenis [hey will eatchi provo not onl: ii'efuil as exampilles In thou' neigbor hood5, buit will each bcomoii a [eache ti' h(S'!t thie inump of agr'iculiturai Igne rneit tis section. While all of thi isi bing ri, taughlt, lhe cadets in mtechanie ivi, mtechianical and e'lecti'icali en ein'e'rinig anthle vaioul((s branches o a'griiiu[tural sci enice andi art., the hiter'I ary tialining (If the students is not ne( eletted. T'hey3 arLe taught in thie schioi of istory wvhat diisti nguisIhed( mtOien lilIages halve accotmpl ishedi, cspecia 'tr'e,s binrg placed upon1 thie hiistor'y Ci '-,(Iuthi Carolin nd th1 le iited States They'd are j rqired to([ studly iniCOt compari anddrll in the science (of pol11itica the schooIll of ICnglishi and longiisi iteraturie 11y emi nent teacLher1s fr'oi fr'esha to1101 g 'aduai(tion . There ari thrce I itei'ariy societies in witich [h< hoiys praicico' ini dlbat,e andl ora&tor'ica Iiontests, and( thie V. M1. 0. A. has (hapi~ter, which is well attendied by thi ciadetS. Th'ie tdiselin 0Is mil itary', thi situets binirg in this (departmlen taug t, nolt, (on'lyie science arnd art (I warl, butt habit,s of puntalttity, sutbor dinat1 ion :l0ow [to obey and how ?0 eomi IThe train ing in nmathermatics andI sur vi'vir g is torouigh, and as far' as pos sible accolmpanedt with [lie appl11icatiIl oIf the pricipIles to pracicaii luses. Ii (tie school0 of eliil engineoring espe ('ili attentioni is given to lnstruti[oii il ra1 iroad( survey ing,.water-polwer's, (con structjin (of brnidIges andt h ighway locn tii. AS malthlematics and1 hnpliish ar coinside'red sl 11stuilos, [lie facult, have devoted ats muich oIf tho studente [time to this foundation work as is Iprac tea ble. In the~ school oIf the student Is led into [lie most pleas1 an11 lines of thought in [lie study of thi hiistoriy and arrangement of [lhe earth' erust, the source from which thi mjechianic and agriculturist derive al oIf [lie matorilal f:-om which they supp)l:1 the niachinery, force, food anti rainmon uponIl which the progress and1( develop mont of the world's civilization deC pond. Geology determines the course o thie great hiighways of ciommiierce whether by water or rail, locates [hin cities andI furn'shes [lie soil from which p)lants derive their food and froii which they organize life. In [hii snnse. thoreforn. it 18 a basal study, TItI- CIIl.MICA1, 1)EI'AITMEN'T is the right hangI of the department of agriculture. It is thoroughly equipped with working and teaching labora tories, and skilled instructors and analysts. It is hero that tho student is introduced to the mysteries of the composition of matter, and is made theoretically and practically familiar with naturo s laws of synthesis and analysis. Ito is made acquainted with the composition of food, of plants and animals ; learns of what elements the soil and air arei made ; the require ments of plant and animal life, and studies the laws which govern the actions and reactions of the various substances of the earth's surface upon each other. and their inlulences upon the arts of civili/ed life. They b'ecome acqualntted with the chemistry of the soil, the chemistry of the air, the chemistry of the plants, whieb Irow in and from these, and the chemistry of the animals whicb consufme the plants. Agriculture without chi inmistry would be but a blind and hhi idering art. Clcnson students have tare oupportuni ties for instruction in thi.i dupartmnent. AIbl,'I'.\!;Y DI;.:l \N'rr il"NT. The diseipline i. strictly military. The cadets board in harracks at the actual cost of the Collt,ee of the food and attendance. Put feet order prc vails, and the cadets seem to have de termined to avail tneml;cIves of all ad vantages ollered by the College. The corps is tiviued into six conpanies, forming a regim'nt of two hattalions. The department embraces the control of the barracks, includt iIg mn s: hall, cadet exch'tnge, through which eadelt., purchuse all goods necededl at wholes.ti prices, and everything pertainig to discipline and instruction in drill and military scienee. Tho public buildinus are: The main College building, a four-story brick tructure, with c;ighten recitation rooms, library, oli ces of pre-nide'nt and treasurer, three halls for literary soteties. The barracks is a three-torv brick structuro, with mess hl'1, I;i'hy Ill. and 161) rooms, kitchen, closets, and all appliances which accomt;pany a first ( lass hotel. Mechanical lliuild i ng-- .\ two-story brick strltet,urt, with : 01100 feet of Iloor splace, is tborot.gly i uippdl for all of the dlivisions ::f that, department, except the electrical, which occupies a one-story brick building, erected fom that purpo:;c. '1'Tie eheiial departntit o ccupie"s v neat brick building of ti<o-t )rie-, ai a basement. This cnetrains th lcetirt room of the pro;fessor of chemitry State Iahoratores and Iaboratories tot 1ustructing students in ana vtical cheiistry, and the ri-ecssLary t lli : for the transac-,ion of the bu.ine-'s 0e the departfLitllt. Other public holiin,:gs are fou harns, two corn cribs, a frt,ilief house, hotel, ex p:ritmenti, tation ollites hospital, hort,icultun-al buihing and catnnerj, stini launtiry, :inithy, pumil house, etc. I l'.. in :N i'l: . The ('ollegc own- a farin of 1,101 acres antI all th.1 hildings. '1'La"rt are residenets fir the ptrofe ''s amn( ollicers of the Colleg'-ten twt--tory brick strut.Ures andl clevetn tw,o-:.lr\ fratelu huicliits, besides elevetl one story fra(iut" hui blinfs for t11ployecs. Water IS Iaumpedt fromn a livinL stroam, the wat,er of which rises ot the farm away from any possi ble sourec of contiLidnation, into a statndpipe, 1. feet in dianeter and 9110 feet higlh l'irom this it i' di.,tihuti i tt aa pubii hu ild ings aniid stock yard'ils. as~ I to aiiord prtection to all publi' houilings and r'er,ilnces. 1I1*A'P .\Nt lI1.W<;IlT. All of the prinicipa puLifblic building ari he iatedl by steam, and thei gr'oundil pub1hli buid ingfks andit pinipial resi tdenees, all I liht.d by olectricit,y. Th wiv~or k of the Cxpert Iinmnt ,tati on wivh is1 a tdepartmenit oif the Colb-ge anl)d in w hieli min tif thie station wor k ,cers teach in the Coflege, atT irds an ex ,e clent l3aoratory' fii'or'L: pratln inetrue ,otin of t,he ehItsos in agriciuIlture' Testudlen ts in thiese 'Iht s.s are re -li ui'ed t.o bicomeit famtiliar iith L,hi - int,hodsi emplflio'd in 'oinduciting ex - di i tl'erenices bet,ween LI:e tilotts, es5tiiiati -)prospctiv'e yield at ditl '-rent stager o ,growt,b, tto assit, in harvt'esting th ii mLl ly, to pri'epate bmle iina settini a forth the r'esulIts aiccou, j;y ing thes - wIth comimen ts (If thei ii',vii upon th vaLlue3 of the facts obtain, I firim th - expierimeitnts. In hort,ieul ture'.l ty are r'equir edl t por-formi, piersonal ly, enough work everv k indi tto aiquire a1C prtactical k now ledge of the detauIls. An i nstruetor' at - coempaniies each section, anfd not, onl a directs the piractical work, butt e.3 l)plains the reasons for tihe miethotd 1Ar. some time during the eolleg - Courso'5 ehS LtdenIt is i ns,riucted eve'r - dceipftion oif wor)ik in the exp~'aie re IgaLrdo n antd trucek farm, in the o'charit i vineyard, nursery, catnnery, "tre'e ihouse and simi i fruits. A si m ilia f lantl is fiurlsuetd ini each tdiv is ion of Lih ,dcpatmeiunt-in the st,iekc yardf, in thi -tdair-y, in botany, in entomology ati voter'inar'y surgery. Whlen ai youn ,nani gratduates fr'omi Clemsoni Colleg bio not only knows something hi k nows how to do somethin g. is aL large frame buii d intg, remove from otheri publIic bild ings atnd we Ii ulied for the puiirpotre of earing f' i the sick. A k<ind andlt mothely mtro iiipresides, assist,ed by a qu iet,~ faith ft 3 stowaLrL. Gadfet,s are hi''ericaed for' I t, well ds if iiot, bettetr than they can b fiat home. The skillful siirgeon is cot - statntly aLccesible, and tbe trai ne -- nutrses gi vo unremt2it. Itig alttenltitn t thle paitlints who ned i,heiir care. - The!l aidmIinist,ration is prlesidlent ial I - chaLrac tr, bitt weekly facilIty mee ings are held for the pur'pose of cot isuitatiton, as atn advisLory boarit'i, as I - maiit,t,ors piertiing to the welfare tile College and the students. 'lTh - presOidenlt is watch ful of every i nte--esi - andl( energetic In execution of ali lawl .of the board. In tho miln builtding are a ser'ies - rooms1 stpIecially const,ructeod for the 11s of the lib)rary. About. 2.50)0 volumes standard Enagl ish lit,eraitur e, hiistory biography, general science, etc., ani abot) 3001 voliumes of Govyernmenr - pubiicatioi:s are now on thle shel ve The number' of huioks is icing ineme a d ecth yeari: they have b;een recentJ ofassi lied andli arranged, and excillen 1oppotrtuntlity is now olfer'ed student.s fo general air.d suoltontary r'ead ingu T1he ex;teriment station library con - tains 1,000 vtioumes. TIhe donoisit, l't quired from e student en adminiss ion is $5.531, exep~ in the case of students whio r'eceiv. L tition free, when it is $43f.53. "red Ituition is given only to residents of thb State. Blatnk ap)plicaItions for fro< tuition wvill ho sot, when apphlied for After' tho firet dnnnait a nunrermly do posit of $26.25 for pay-tuition students, and $16.25 for froo-tuition students is rt"guired at the beginning of each quarter. The quarters begin us fol lows: Sotonber 7, 1M97, November 14, 1897, January 22, I8t,, and April 1, 1898. This gives a total of $132.28 per year for students paying tuition, and $92 28 per year for students who receive tuition free. lF;ach student is required to bring four sheets, two blankots, one comfort, six towels, two pillow Cases and one pillow. These doposits pay for board, tuition, laundry fee, incidental fee, medical fee, and one uniform. Books, and other necessary articles not mentioned, will be furnished at cost. Deserving students aro given work when it can be found, at eight, cent' per hour, and such students reduce ex penses about $20 per session. P"xcept one Case, which scoms to have been imported and developed a few days after the Collego opened. there has been no serious sicknes amongst. the cadets this term. It would be very ditlictlt to find any where Lihree hut,dred more healthy boys than the cadets now enrolled at C lenO,n. J. S. N. Clemon ('College, S. C., Nov. 22, IM97. i1.\'GI l'I":{1 1'1" CONPFIU1:1) CY. I'h'e Annulal Conivinrt ion Hiehl inl Ahih Ivillc a GIratily i.ig bSuecess. '1'ie Ah;)eville Iledinu gives an inl terst,in1 isreaunlt of the eonvenLition of the Statet C,alter of the iDiganLters of the Confederacy which met Wednesdia. in their third auttual session, in th cou'r't, house at A bitille, and the meet ing wats a mfost pleasant one, the Ahhe ville chapter tak!ng pea,ure in doing evmrythin,; for the comifort of the Visit, ing daughters. Ii Lhc abernce of Nirs. Ellison (;aL'rs, who is tie State I'reidtenl., ars. W. C. ir(aeovan, the i,t Vice 1)inCident, presided. 'he ie,linrg was called to order at e.lev'n o'clock and lion. W. C. Me ;owan 1maie the Fpeech of welnme for tl city and the chapter'. I:v. I),". ('li f' on ndue a s hort earnc'st ,rayer and then the ireting was ready for business. Tin- r1-p1ort of the last meet. ing of the State Chapter was rear hy ir . Siali I-:ilore 'T'ayio r and ado ptet after which the usal ru tine busin of the rectinrg was gtne tL'.rough w ith. li"pri'ts of tihe dilf,!l (nt chapters were r''ati and fr'om these it. ,eems thuat in point, of m)em_"lbershil \hiheville -tands tbird, (ilui"elLton and C;o!umbhia coiming lir'st. M1rs. \1eG,owan r(ead th repio;"t of NI i's. Capers in whih she sent, g rct in,s and reg; ret?; that. she couiu not be presernt. Thl.e rtepr,'L dealt with i)tr LI.is:n 6Lihool books( now1' 11sed iuidl t;on tained otll, of t he 1reviews of Goldwi(l Smithl'. listory by an '' ex-e,nfed erate.' Tie Iistory muist h a mfOst abomina :e one. Irs. Capt'rs also had solnt:linig to .y about the riinuient a iici thte veterans propose to i.et to the wt)ill(;n of the Confederacy. At the end of her report, Mrs. Caper's re ine as I'residet of the Chapr)Le'. M1rs. A. T. Siytire as chairman of the auditirg Comit,;Ltee r'e!pr'tcd t-57 in the tr'ea. ry'1 . Iit~'k lillh', re'i)orl, Wu;: nl-e by NI1's. !hugh 11. Huist who is a wcomanm famuou, for her executive ability. Sie re por'ted only a small chrap)tcir bre.a :-( it is s you.n<. The cha ptr here is 1'fer ing th ree gold rmedal-; for the best esay Oil the civil war'. One mehal to \Vin. throp, one to tihe lioys igia Sehool, and to toi tire Gradekd SCcol. The W\omran's Nlonumnart was brouirhrt up biy a 'ritlution fr'omr N's. Siry tire. 2 'Thie i:-cusionla wais cane of uam: lengt,hi andt tire tiuestioni is stil IIrpe n as nr dreCisionu w as aLr'-iv'ed at,. Nilis. Sm,yt.he St,hinks thrat no stonae or brass nainu 'imi', shrouhtl be er'2etedt to theo mmnriy -of taae Con federate worrern ii self abnie gat ionr wasi miore( tire wateco dc ('f th,hse days. 1)i. eussioni wars invited anad .M.\'s. lI'rank 1H. Gary arid NIliss Alicia . llayi, as arepr sJrntat,ives oif tire - y oun rger generaitin, wishr t) see SOme: - memaori at' roramo rullet, to t,heir mio',hi - er's. A hocspital was tatlked of lbut th i:, . wa"s oh'jeetedl tr as so few people wocuhi - Iget the berielit, of it. Mr's. lhiit, Ni ise iX i) lairme , Nars. HIo'.ma:s, Mr's. TaXylIor, -I Mrs. V v anrs anad Nli is iemhil i werae 2 tihe '.'meris wvho took prt in the dils 2 curs ion. I'i T econse~nsusi of opinionOt is Saga i it Lire mro ai uamnt. l) Du rig tire diiscuission of schrool his' ,t,or'ies. eah chrart.er wai rasked tco see tire legijsl ators fromr tIreiir-counties per' sonatlly amid itriust t,bemr t.o look wetll ualt,2r tibe iterest of the~ Struth in this inmattr, at t,he naext Ih gislat,ure. I .:rst y'ear' the G',eneral A ssem ra ly wais raemliro. ir ri alIiza.ti by the Staite Cmorp t ar and Ni rs, llugrh li. liuist as aiir'rmin of that co i ttee matie an ex tenided. repiort A a'esoaluations of thank Liwe. tenide'ed y' to ii >n. Thomra: \V. lI aeoL w hao so k inad. -ly in'',rodued:( their hills. 5 Thi!is with soime minor bursinress mraat up Lire p rogr'am o rf tire m rornring-, A e tihe close Mr s. NIleGowar inrvited Lthe y Iltl ie's to) a cuneih at, tire horme of MI i t Miamni' I,ou) Smith. This was a moarai I, del ightLful a lair arid gr'eat ly enjoyedi in Tihe Smrrit,brs have a lovely homer ali. . r' Lthe iroomns we'r'e pr'ettLily decor'ated C witha p)alms and house pilpnt~ aind greal C baowl' s of beaicc ifitl r'oses. Tihe t'omutr it wer'e sofLly lighted with manry eanidler2 i ranh tbe gurestu, wer'e r'eceivet bay MIr's, C \V. .l021 Smith anad Miss Miamiie I ,or L Smaitha. At Lire aifternroon session tIre (lect iorn of t:llieers~ for tire enasuing year was thet d most Iaipo'riant featir re. Mr is. Capert I resigrned tire presideny, an rd Mris. WV. r C. Mc Go wan was uan timoursly electedc n p)r'esiderrt. O.hie r cilieur's eliected :'.re il i"'st Vicer t'sidient, Ntis. ii. I. liutt ,s of I tock liii I: steimnd vice prec.ideniit, o' Mm's. C. IL. I lot res, of Char'leston -third viee pre'sidenit. Ni r'. J1amria: d i'hvanrs, oif i"l('oree : focir'Lh vice pirei o dientI, Mr is. V'anive'r, of Anrder: son: stea'retar'y, Mr ts. Thomairas Tia Vt or. coi n Colu crania a tr'eraurem , Ni r's. S.'l. I)ur-' Ii hama, of Mariiion. i n r'es ponse to airn in a- vi tation frrarn thie Gr aee nvcilIe )acigh-i o tt!r's, mar.de by Mr is. WX. Ii. WVillilamrs, oil if thart city tire State Conavenition decicled oLto inroet in G;reenillte next, yer. Thec ,convyenition closed sIne. dIie, s At. niight, a vei'y IinterestJnl rg leet,ure wais herrd fr'omr Col . iLer'oy I-'. Y'ocr mranis, oif Coulumrblia. A goodac !rowdi waViS f presentii an rithLie sr iginrg arr'anged for ro the ev'enr ig was exeedi ngly ii no. fN Mr's. Kennedyccl~, of Gr'eenravilIe, ha rd , irbarge oaf tire stage grou)itp1ig. Tire : younrg Iladties were sweetly diirsed Ina t. witLe, withI br'oand red sacshles acroiss .their 1(i shu.lers, ieh cari'r'yinrg ra blire -th:ig weith ai ''single strr.'" Miss Mamriie V I eo stcood in the ceniter of the stage, t hold in g a Iar'ge pahuIiretto IIlag wile I on trL a sidce s',iood Miisses l"ior'ide riand -Willie Ca:lhouin, holding crossw ise two -simailler' lrags wilI kneeling down were tire twoc little NMcGowana boys, holding : L 11. IiCimpihill was called on Lt) in. t tadcunce tire speaker mand ihe (1i( so bf'ily. Gent. Youmrans spoakur for ani hour' andi the conlstanmt app'lauase shiow-' ccid thait what ho hadio to aniy was arcile >dated. A fter thre speech threre was a , quartette and Dixie rind tbe meieting of aightonn and ninnty seen w,soe' - r- t The story is told of a ouiig inarried wo Matl, who arsked auoth'r yoOi mtnittled hvoi1iali iov slie I11111;itt:e(I to get alollt} so amticably witll hier 1ltusb:mid<. T1he :inswer was, "I feed the briute his stoiaelah witi footd atnd lhis mintd Withs flatten-." ) .',I;t t a tili will hiave to aliit that thii's young wo 111:n Itad sovl vd albout two-tiitols o' tIle art of ul:tkilg tie average twi:ll I1li}y. Tle other thirl ()isists of keeping hiis hodv in ettelth coilitiotn that lie will enjoy itis 1001 auiid Ilis uii d il stelh cotidi it tthat lIc will be stisce>tible to fltttery. It isni't iueli use to put tetil>tin'1 fo(1 before a inal wIo hasnt't atl at>p>"tite. It (iocsns't )ImV to 1:tvisht Rtltiles out a tt:t wiose tierves al-e racked 111 overworkel. 'Thie average mll pays very little atteitiot to his hie:alth1, atid wotn't take utediciie of Iiis owi aeeor(d ui1ti lie is flat out lhis b:aek. A slhiewdl wift will keep1) all eve on lier lilts. :111' 1 elfare iti titis respect, :ttd whuetn sih1e, sees that lie is bil ious or sullc:ritg frrotti it(idgestitol, ot is gelier:illy ott o' s wt.-, will see that le resorts to t hat mitost wtuletr ftil of all 11 vigortt<-s, )r. Pietce's (.011 lVdietal i)iscovtIv. It i:i the best o' all t)u ptite - t: awncrs, blool - ln:lkers anld 11,1h hltil<lcrs. It l)re ts all <(iko1 i'rs of the (ige s'tiont ani4l it;tkcs the liver" active ail tise bloor ; it-e. It t )ves the nerv s atl pr)'tr;t! i)tit. It eres II' )cr ecnt. (f all ca;t of - t' coItir1tipt,tttil)) 1)rlui. (al. tltrlt :ltal kindlc t ilinlcnt-. \Ilmlicine (lt:til-t- sell it. ri1'. Re r.t' 4 F. 1 ":miII.I. II 1:-, I . \ rk Co.. V: ,I i; -: '' I w:t-. .) ",i w ill) dI i l I.i t hat I ch n:;hnt 1 t =:1;Iitnyt hi);; - t ,\'n r 1I'Il' Ir.Intth-.. I th.>tt:ht 1 w4.4 j I I). " -i . I w i1-h ) nly ;" 1t;l It Ii:.. it .' I 4;). 1 4'V lt- ; ,1 \Il ' : .t r a.tl For cuu'+i.tlaion - 1)r. lieree's l'elh ta. N ('(CiIS No I'.x11innat til 'iAllst)N, N. C., Aug. 1. '7. Goose G r 1s Litniment Co., Greens horu, N. C. I)e't' Sirs. 1'lea:se ship us at, once one gros Goose Cretse IAiii11:ent.. \'e a-e entirely out. Don't fail to ship at once. PI't.e rive u-s jobb p.l i'ices. It is the bist, thing we have ever seen Your-s t l' llil, W. (). .ht)Nl:\:& Co. -I'r'esidlent \Icl il(y's Illt,ber h;t heen trielen \w\iih paralysis aind is lnot. expected to recovc:r. SOUTHERN RAILWAY. , Condensed ch.:dlule In IM feT J U Y 4., 1307. nTA TIS_ I . snniAN. ....... O. a " P y ....................... 12 11 p a " N.(w\ erry ...................... 12 t p t S inet.y .i. ...... 1 Y p m Ar. (-."rII\(nood..................... 1 45 p m " Ild.;I ... . .. ........ 2 Ar bltonle............... 11 A_r. in erson . ........ tr ty1 Ar. Gruoinvlllo ...... Ar. At1hlut06...................... __ P L DI envil........................1 Ti a a "v A'uuont ....................... 1 5 "vc wuinn.................... 11 Au~.~ ii-le .l,i...................~ ~ -~ ~ 0'd)a Ar .nnals.................. 122 - srn"nwood.......................225 p m " l1.-l4ty1..............~ 112 p m~ "r 4. I'r )4rty ... ....... .. 60B p iu 80r.I'. t i .. .. . ...114a. . . .. 8 60 m 1414 ip l ' 'mn. ..2 'EI T ~a 104- 1;, 4 .. 1ntio. ... 1 25p 744)p 12 42rp 1 . .. ) ni)n... -I u.np 7i0p 10 -'I;p" . J''n4.4)ll .. l1p liMp 10M. :I ...... ! 0t. ."12 14p 0 47p 11' ) t'44 A r . 4 Prarinbhur Lv 1 4M, $ p 114 4. :; l.v . i 1ranug.. A -ll 24a1 6 05p 4 4.' (;''p r . A,44' h e. . . I .v j_ 20a t-6g "P," p. m.i " .". l. n41. T:jj . 9 0a.4l10 4cariry 44h-enna Pullmnan 11.4 44n4 IOuerr Spurftntu1r. A. & C.. diviglon, (V,ithole l.l)u4)i 4 ; we bb<.lItus1 12:2. a. mn., 1$:: . n iii ::;. 44. t44., I Ve,4ej104:( LtAiitd.) '1 d ev (G 44 n-nvua. A. andi. C. di visionl, rl r.O und'')44, 5:4:> 44. 4m., ~2 81 4. 14n mal) 5:30 p. mn., ( I mb cl-I I.i1na4 : 1..'urth4 nn-4.j I:' ;Z . in., 42 p. m. 12:bY P. 14n (.44h141base LiAutled). PntIiia iietorvleei. 811, ti 14 .'u l , on A. 144m4 C. di4 visini. W. .A IK , J. M. 1lIA11wCr G % '.- l. As't tiu. f'as. Atg \': sadgh a .O tat,G You Can Buy th FROC A LEX AN DER~ I or$: ALEXAN DER CLiiN STAIs.--One of America's loading physicians 18 quote l as saying that w people understand the art of climbing stairways without making tilcenpelves tired before reaching the top. Usally a person will tread on the ball of. his foot in taking each step. This Is very tiresome and wearing on the mnusces, as it throw~s the entiro weight of the body on the mureles of the logs and foot. You should in walking or climbing stairs, teek for the most qual dlistribution of the body's weight po0s sible. In walking upstairs your feet should be placed tquarely down 0 the st,ep, heel and all, and then the work should be performed slowly and del iberately. In this way there is nostrain upon any particular muscle, but each one is doing its duty in a natural man neo'. The iman who goes upstairs with a spring you may be sure is no philoso phler, or, at least, his reasoning has not been directed to that subject. The doctor inig ht have gonoa little further in the samO line and protested against the habit which mainy persons have of bending over half double whenever they ascend it flight of stairs. In exertilon of this kind, when the heart is natur'ally excited to more rapid action, it is desirable that the lngs should have fill play. But the crouching position interferes with their action, the b!ood is imperfectly aerated, and there is trouble right away. Give the lungs a chance to do their work everywhere an at all times. lIn IOwa it is sil thi:tl ni i elur of I':rlt'in rs h ve (liS("( utillue<d raisin:r ho. S oil (tolilt ol' clolent iatl are vn,_;tI-g(g in lelding sheep) for tlh ln i-let. Oio lirti is said ti h:tve 16,000 slacep oa A greatt fire in the iiea''l of tht w"lre hltil( Ilis.riel ol I,laOilon <lstioyt'l uy5, (011.04I0 worthi of piroperly. 5O TfT" t R N P A iLw ; 3 W 1gNiONT AIR LINE eaa.a.. I.k.d(le or rm..,,., sIA. . In Leot 1a, , 1s91. 'V-e. no.15 Vfl.,MU >Merthbeso>". N'.19 io. Ia R-1. Xg4 g iali Laily. Sun. %WBp, ,v. A11r.ntA, T. 7 S+1a 12 00 m - I AtI .uta. T. . a 1 a p 5 , " otro. .. . ii. ' a02p S S ufrdr . .... 11 11) i i \ .U p * Onh'ionvilo,10.i:<5 a '4 i 4V $ " l n... ..In:-. 29 T y 5 14 08 Op a " urorn la......11'2 . ... . 115 p . .... v. M'. Airy..... I _' a .. 40 . .. 7. To co ....... 11,5 a f $ p .. . W, t.mntustor 12:0m .. .... .4 Y a Fn.ncw ..... 12 "s 1) 4 lR p .... , " " (e'tral .. 1:tJ p 4 45 a -... .. " " Cir.onville ... 2;1 p 5 grl ....... Sp.rtanburg. 8 17 p 6 1s p ., " " (4a!t'nors.... 4'- p. ... a " 1h,.kimtrg .. 4 4 p 7 08 p... X Kin.i's Mt. . c l p1. .. . , a n ( on...... :< .... ....... s4 a 4v. Charlotto ... (1 40 p $ .. 0 " Ar Datuville ... 11 5 y 12 0U a . .. > r Ar.. Richmond... 0t i 6 0 aI . . v.Washingte. .. .. 13 ... .. llt mt'o PRT) .I. 0 m.. .... i *_{h iadeliphia. . .. . 5 . ... "N Mew ork ...s Jg _ IFst.MI ro.vo. AoIthboea& No. 35 No . 8i7' IialI f. Dali y.DA , hiia(n lpia - t1 510 a 6 :'5 p .. . *Ut41imorn. .. 6 23 0 20 p... -" -.t.Ln11ta.. 1116 aO 10 4 p. L. Rhnlmond ...12 55 p 2 0 a goo.ei Lv. Domyile... . fo p P 50 a 611 05.. ry. C4.,o t1 10.(harlotto .. .j 10 ) 00 p 2i5 a ii16 to . 14 0 w t a .. .. 11 50 p It 0 10 . . . I. y ~s M . .. ''''' 5 ' " " E alsuOrg .. il !if 5..e'a 6'" " fpartanburg .12 2' ll i'N 8 15'"' " G,vntile... 2') a.12J 9A p 4 20 *Centiral..120 a 11 P5 615 " Wetmninator. ... .. .... se pg E I"'' o'con ...15 al 218 p *38 "" "N ?il.Airy ... .... .. I. 7:20c """" 1 " I z,a . . .. 4 0', n. s 1i~ Q'3 80 1 I 1u"rd .... . . ... i eg 4 g Ar.A flant a, 'W. 4110 a. 4 i .) 9 - 1. ,f 5 0 al 8 i0~n91 .__ "A . * " P" u.m h' o-,. ''N 4it West ern Vnauti.t l.mited0. 'larougsh imt enny, n.uIal W ubltIemon.1 Alnt nid,' M17.a~Itg t,on and At1.-ta Dining o tr.s sirve all me~ No-i. 85 and 8I-Upit4d Rq'rs ly'rt ans,' a1 - n..Vv.,, ho atw. . A n4 .iO o. r em. and oh,tro w -. ha paar.on gore or(j~ 3.: olo. Pulman eB,4 'oom2f ainoptag era h?totee Now Yor .g ow Orleati. .-ia Atlanta anud Mon1g,mer~ Tir.ving Wajian :ton enouh Sat.nrder, a pit piping oar 'il. r-m thr~ough bentwooni Wsh tonand1a Franelsano wvithoutohman os 1 ia..nd 12--Pullman sleepin er Iwn, Rinhmonnd and Oh urio-to vi, :tavill. ou,t1hbound~ Nos. 11 a.nd Si, nort aboundo. Ne The Air L-Ar.e Reda ot-atn. No.. 17 and be tween Atlant.a aod Moun, Airy, Ga.. da1y sle. . H. R i M. . M. OtT! Gon'i Hupt., Tratme (I Washingt on, D. 0. W'a,,ht.I h . W A. TURK, 8, . HARDUW.:C (latn' Paan. ANg' ,.~ A t I ane'l Pr.t ; W Abbin g tont. D . A I, ParagOn g MaChine M B3R~os. & Co. L7.50. BROS. & CO. LLE.-S C.