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TrHE PEOPLE'SF JORA. VOL. 6"-NO. 22 -KY JUNE i, AORE VOL. 6.---N0. 22 ~~~PICKENS, S. C., T HURSDAY, U 8 -OEDLA ER Till@n's Bond Deal. AL.EGED HISTORY Of THE SOUTH CARO LINA REFUNDING. SPECII"IC CHARG'S AGA INST SENATOR TILILM AN, GOVEItNOIl EVANS AND STATE' TRIEASUlE1l BATES. BAr1moE, June 3.-Senator Till man of South Carolina has been very free with his criticisms of the national administration for its manner of con ducting bond operations, and in the recklessnrss of his rhetorical frenzy has not hesitated to imputo improper motives to the President and Secro tary Carlisle. In view of these facts a little history of one of his own bond deals is I'structive' and interesting. A bout $5,250,00 I of South Carolina 6 per Cent, bonds fell duo July 1, 1893. Tillman was Governer of the State then-. John Gary vhaius, the Senator's closest political ajnl personal friend, and said to be sh.tecd as his colleague In the Sonate, was administration lead er in the Legislature, and Dr. Bates was State Treasurer. The Legislature, at its session in 1891, adopted a refunding bill, sug gested by Governor Tillman. This provided for an issuo of $6,000,000 4 por I cent. bonds to fund the outstanding ( per cents.. and Treasurer Bates and the Governor was appointed Commis sioners to manage the matter in behalf of the State. The acts of Messrs. Tillman, Bates and Evans are outlined in the evidence In a suit developed In this city for the division of the commissions involved I in the transaction, the brokers and the syndicate which took the bonds I having quarreled. The action was brought here because the funds in- I volved were held by a Baltimore trust < company. The evidence shows that one of the first steps taken by the Commissioners I was to give a monopoly of the entire I transaction to a Mr. Rhind, a broker I of Augista, Ga., whose name does not < even appear in the commercial reports. Mr. Rhind testified that early in 1892 1 he was approached by Mr. Evans, now I Governor, anld asked to place the 1 South Carolina 4 per cents. He ob- < tained the exclusive option on the on- i tire transaction from Governor Till- a man lato in May, the contract being I that he was to receive a commission of i 5 per cent on the $6,000,000 -a iatter a of $300,000. Mr. Ihind failed to make the trade. however, and in October surrendered his option. Then Governor Tillinan I and Treasurer Bates took a turn at it. < They visited New York and roamed through Wall street. On returning I home, they declared that a 4 per cent. i South Carolina bond would not sell a even at 95, attributing the State's poor ( credit to the course of Charleston I bankers and other political opponents I of the 'State administration. t Mr. J.Rhind igain was called in to take the job in November, 1892. He managed to interest a New York I broker in it, after having exhausted c all his own efforts and influence. And here the curious fact may be noted c that Mr. Rhind testified that he at I first did not approach this broker on I the subject, although making head quarters in his ollice, regarding him r as too small an operator to undertake I so big a trade. Yet this broker is I rated high in the reports. while Mr. t Rhind, who controlled the option, and was trying to use it, is not rated at all. ii With the assistance of the New t York man a syndicate was formed, v headed by the late P. 0. French of the i Manhatton Trust Company, which t agreedi to take $5,250,000 of 44 per' cent. South Carolina bonds on a nomni- ' nal basis of par fiat. This ar'rango ment fell through when Mr. French dlied. 4 Trho New York brokor then enlisted l the aid of a Rich mond broker, and the two again went tc work, the Legisla- I ture having met in the meantime and startedl its machinery to pa~ss a nlOW re-t funding bill, which, it now appears, by the evidence or the persons inter-< ested, was suggested by the brokers, through Rhind, to Tillmnan and Evans. Mr. Evans was not only the administra tion representative and leader in the Legislature, but he was at the same p time the attorney of Rhind, having been engaged1 in that cap~acity, accord ing to his own swor% statement, when< Rhind was appointed fiscal agent. It is, therefore, established by tin-1 doubted and unchallenged testimony < that Governor Tillman not only lotkout the job of selling the bonds of his own State exchusively to one man months: before the time of sale, but p)ormitted l brokers in Wall streit, and elsewhere to dictate legislation to his Legislature and allowed a pmaid attorney of the pur' chasing parties to construct and steeri , through the Legislature the Act under which the bonds were to be issued. The Act pro'0idedl for $5,250 000 44 prcent. bonds, to run twentyv and1 forty years. These bonds were' to be dated and issued July 1, 1893, but they wore to begin, to bear interest from January 1, 1893. In other words, a bo nuis of six months' Interest, or 21 por1 cent., amounting to $1 18,000, waLs ogoered to whoever would take the bonds and pay dollar for dollar for th em. The syndicate organized by the New York anfl Richmond brokers agreed to i take the bonds at par and to acelpt three-fourths of I per cent. of the bonus, amounting to $39,000, making the net cost of the bonds to its mem bers about 99 1-4. The remaining i 1-2 por1 cent., or $'78,000. ostensibly went to Mr. Rhind, tihe man who had been chosen b~y Mr. Evans, the administr-a tion leader in the Leg islature ; the man who had employed Mr. Evans and Major W. T. Gary, Mr. Evan's uinco as his attorneyc, and who had the opi tion on the entire bend issue before It had been provided for by the Legisla ture. It does not appear that Mr. Rhind took any netive part In the organiza tion of the syndiceate. It is In evidence that ho beorrowed $500) from the Now York broker, with which to meet his travolhtg expenses. There Is nothing in the testimony tom show wVlhatsorIvices Major Gary, who Is a (citiz/enh of Geor '- gIa, performed, but the sworn state ments show that be was paid $1,000. Govornne Evans, who was sunn~Osnd by people in South Carolina to be acting in the Interest of the State, testifies that he canu North in Mr. Rhind's behalf, and, after the squabble over the divibion of the commission arose, urged an tho members of the syndicate the propriety and justice of allowing Mr. Rhind to receive his share, then tied up in the Baltimore Trust Company by litigation. The expense account of the syndicate shows that Governor Evans was paid $100 attorney's fee, and that Troasurer Bates was paid by the syndicate $2,330.88 for " services." Mr. Rihind testilled that he had not yet, so far as his part of it was con eerncd, paid Governor Evan's fee or learned what it would be. It appears on the record that at least two of the threc state ollicials actively ongaged in the oogotation of the bonds were employed md paid by the purchasers. The impression given to the persons most actively engaged in behalf of the syndicate at the time is clearly set rorth in the testimony. Certain mem bers of the syndicate expressed curi )sity and interest, natural, perhaps, in the circumstances. They inquired v hy it was that of $118,000 bonus of rored by the State to purchasers of the b..nds. only $39,390 was available for Aho actual purchasers who were to fur ish the money, while $78,700 was to ro to Mr. Rhind, who was furnishing 10 money and apparently taking no totivo part in the dicker. The Itich nond broker told them he understood iresumably from Mr. Rhind-that the >ulk of that sum was to " be divided inong Parties in South Carolina who iad political influence." The New fork broker, who was in close associa ion with Mr. Rhind, and whose oppor aunities for knowledge were'bestof all, eplied that they ' would better not nvestigato that ; that it Was to go to )eople who would better not be known." It roaCs that way in the testimony as aken. When Mr. Rhind was on the stand, ic was not pressed regarding his use >f his part of the bonus, and offered 1o explanation. It is not in evilence in this case, but t is a fact capable of easy and direct >roof, that Mr. Ihind, while holding ,he option on the bond issue and en icavoring to induce the formation of a myndicate to take it, stated that he vould not got more than enough from t to pay for his time and expenses. It s also true that members of the syndi sato who were willing to deal directly vith the State and take the bonds for commission of three-fourths of one >cr cent. were ollicially informed that 10 propositions could be considered inless they were sent through Mr. thind-that not even an offer of par ict without any commission, would be :onsidered, although at that very timo dr. Rhind was demanding a 2 1-4 per :cnt. commission. When the time came for division of he bonus of $78,000, the New York nan took $20,000 and the Richmond nan $5,000, for special services and ixpenses. Mr. Rhind got $48,500, and miajor Gary $1,000. A peculiar and >crhaps significant circumstance is hat Mi. Rhind took his $48.000 not In >ne draft on the Baltimore Trust Com )any, but in three separate drafts, all )ayable the same day-one for $25,000, >ne for $9,000, and one for $14,500. To sum up, according to the sworn wvidence on record : I M r. Rhind, who has no special pr om nonce or standing in business cir les, and who was not a citizen or esident of South Carolina, was ap >roahhed by the present Governor, ,vans, then the recognized adminis ration leader in the Legislature. le was given by Govgrnor Tillman .nd Treasurer Bates an exclusive op ion to place $6,000,000 4 por cents at commission of 5 per cent. fourteen nonths before the time for the bonds o be issued. Ile failed to e ffect tis, and Governor illnan declared that, after a personal isit to New York, he became con inced that a 4 per cent. bond could not >e pliaced. Tile Governor again gave mn exclusive 'op~tion to Rhind to place 4 1-2 per cent. loan. The syndicate ormned to take tis fell to pieces. For he third time Mr. Rhind was given he exclusive option. T1he men who composed the syndi ~atae got $39,000, or three-quarters of 1 icr cent. The monm wvho orgaaized the yndicato got from lthind $25,000, or ess than one-half of I per cent. Mr. lhind realized $19,000, or nearly I per :ent., on the option given hlim long in dvance of the time for placing the oan. So far as that part of it is con ~erned, it appears to have been a free rift froem the State of South Carolina o a chosen citizen of Georgia, who 3mployed the) present Governor Evans mnd his uncle as his attorneys. The $2,000 and odd paid Trreasurer Bates b)y the syndicate is said here to layo been for serv ices in removing the noney sent by the syndicate from Jharleston to Columbia. Covernor Tillman demanded that :,he syndicate pay for its bionds in cur [Eene(y in Columbia. That was in June, 1893, about the time of the panic, and .t was rep~reseinted to him thlat the cur 'ency could not be obtained, except in silver, which would load six freight aars. lHe rolplied withl the declaration that thle six cars should be delivered to him at the State line, and that he would order out the troop~s to escort it to Columbia. "' By -," ho exclaimed to the banker who was negotiating with him, "3you can't scare ine by threatening to pay in silver." 1But he was finally p~acified1 and induced to accept exchangc :m Charleston. It is possible that the continued em ploymont of Mr. ithind and the rce nowals of tile exclusive opition to him were the results of the confidence he inspired in his ability, and that his forty-nine-thousand-dollar comm issiors is his exclusively, not to he shared with any body. It is also possible thai the duties of Mr. Evans, now Gover nor, as attorney for Mr. Rhind did not interfere with or aiTet his actions and course in thle Legislature, and that he could and did sepiarate his private in terests an'd his public dutIes entirely. It is further possi ble that State Treas urer Bates earned the $2,000 paid him by the syndicate fairly and fully. In the language of Mare Antony, they are "all honorable men." It is not possible, however, for Till alan and Is followers, in view of this tmransaction, with any consistency t(J continue to accuse tile i'rcsident and Secretary Carlisle of mismanagement, nounco with horror thd idea of attor noys or membors of trusts, corpora tions, and syndicates sitting in - gress.-New York Times. AN EXPLANATION FROM DR. BATES. HE ADMITS TAKING A FEE FOR 81RVICES. Tihe Baltimore Syndlicate E'mployed Him After the Contract. Was Maeo -lie Claims that His Tties as Statc Treasurer Did Not. Conflict. Last week it was promised by Gov ernor Evans that astatement in regard to the bond deal would be made by himsolf and State Treasurer Bates on the 10th inst. The Governor was away on official business, and when Dr. Bates wts asked about the statement by the newspaper reportors, he gave the following statement for publica. tion, which refers alone to his own connection with the matter, and ac counts for the sum of $2,031.25 paid to him for special work by the syndicate. His defense is as follows : " Yes, it is true that I received from the syndicate the sum of $2,031.25. This was for acting as their represent ative in making settlementsiwitlh their subscribers, collecting and renitting their premiums and attending to their expense account for instalments. There were subscribers in Charleston for two million of the now issue which the syndicate had contracted to dcliv er in Charleston. These were to be paid for mostly in Browin consols, but the holders of tie consols naturally would requiro the syndicate to deliver to them the new issue of bonds before they would part with the possession of their consolb. Two courses were therefore open to the syndicate. One was to pay the State Treasurer $2,000 in cash, receive the now bonds and then exchange them with the Charles ton subscribers: the other way was to secure some representative here in Columbia whom the Charleston sub scribing bondholders were willing to entrust with their bonds and exchange them for bonds of the new issues. I suggested to the syndicate the employ mneot of a Columbia banker as their representative, but they prfcered that I should do the work, and at the urgent request of the Baltimore Trust and Guarantee Company, through the agent of the syndicate on or about the 21st of March, 1893, 1 consented to act for them as tie bondholde rs in Charles ton and elsewhere were willing to place their bonds in my hands for exchange. "The public will anderstand that there is a vast difference between: First, my accepting money as a consid eration for making a contract for the sale of State bonds, and second, by my accepting compensation tendered by the syndicate for extra services as their ex-representative long after the contract had been made. The first would have been offered, of course, and accepted prior to the contract and would have deserved severe criticism ; the second was tendered long after the contract had been made and was for extra services that I could not have been expected or required to render as State Treasurer. The work necessitated the keeping of a special, diflicult and extensive ac count and involved much responsibility and trouble. A good portion of the amount received went to pay for extra and special clerical work. I am sure a reasonable public will agree that the work I did was unofficial, and did not conflict with my duties as State Treas urer nor will I be expected to render responsible and valuable services for a syndicate of wealthy capitalists with out some reasona ble cornpensation ; especially as the compensation was not paid by the State. Outside of the $2,031.25 I (lid not receive one cent from the syndlicatte or any one else on account of my connection with the re funding of the bonds. "(Signed) W. T.~ C. BATvvms, State Trecasurer." After Dr. Bates had given to the )pess the above statement Iho received the following letter from the president of thne Blaltimnore Trust and Guarantee Company, the formcr maynr of Balti more, which hec also gave for publica tion: " BAnurIMoua, Mn)., June 9. 189(1. "'lHon. W. TI. C. Bates, State Treas urer, Columbia, S. C.: "lDear Sir-I understand thnat somne qnestion has arisen as to the propriety of your having accepted compensation from the syndlicate which purchased South Carolina bonds in 1S93, and we think it no more thae fair to state that undler tbe rigorous terms imposed by ~'our then Governor, tine Hon. I3. Ri. .'illman, it would have been exceed ingly dillcult for a syndicete to have carried out tine terms of purchase with out the constant presence in CJolumbia of some competent and trustworthny person charged with the dulty~ of per forming the various acts of necessary clerical labor which were incessantly reqjuired. it was not convenk(nt for this company as tine agent of thne syn dicate, to haye such a represcentative continually on the spot and youn were asked to so act and thne compensation paid you was only fair and said pay ment came fromn the nyndicate alone and in no wvise even remotely affeced the interests of your Stato nor thne in terests of the most insignificant of your tax-payers. Thne paymenit for your service wams madoe upon thne voli tion and by the sanction of the comn mittee of the syndicate. it was cn tirely pr~oper and the engagem(ent of y ou in such cap~acity really proved to be a safeguard to your people, because in the execution of the clerical duties which the syndlicate required you in valuably manifested an unalterable zeal for tine protection of tine interests of your State, and in thme execise of this quality we think you often im posed upon the syndicate conditiomns which would have been quite unmnec essary in the conduct of any matters pertaining to. private business. The conditions, however, were accepted in a cordial spirit, because we thought we recognized in you an oflicer whose crowning ambition ap~peared to be directed only in the channel of exer cising every scruple of prudence in the conservation of the duties involved y his oflicial capacity. Yours respectfully, ROIRTF1 C. D AVrSn 1Pr.sident. THE SOLID SOUTH IS BROKEN, [LItIE SILVElR AGITATION Ali JIEGED TO III' TilE CAUS. The Itace lile aErailcated antd New Adjustmets Formned by Class Feel ing--The tesult. Likely to be a Itepublican South. A. 11. Williams in tie New York 'Triune. After an existence of nearly twenty years the "Solid South" has disap peared from political conditions and calculations, and become only a mom ory. The indications are that it will never be restored, but i f there is a solid South again it will probably be a solid Republican South. These statements are not based on the llpublican victo rios two years ago in Kentucky, North Carolina, Maryland and other South ern States. Tne year 189-1 was a tidal wave year, and an otY" year, and local and temporary causes might have brought manV of its astonishing politi cal results. klhe solid South was not broken when Miahone carried Virginia and if there were not other and deeper reasons that are found in the returns of the last election, the destruction of the most formidable, the most danger ous and remarkable and the most ap parently impregnable combination of Ancrican political history might be yet regarded as only a remote possi bility. TEI' 13REAK COMES SUDDENLY. As it is, however, every observant man who studies conditions in this part of the Union intelligently and careful ly must know that the break is a fact. It has come strangely and suddenly. The causes are old, but the effects al e new and unexpected. Five years ago nobody would have predicted or imag ined that it would be brought about as it has been. There have been no real party lines in the South since the war. The lines have been drawn between the races. A white man was a Demo crat, a negi o was a Republican, with the exceptions on both sides unimpor tant. It seems that that division, wide as the difference between black and white, founded deeply in inherited, in born prejudices and instincts, could never be lost, forgotteu or ignored. The political position of the negro and the Republican at the South appeared to be hopeless. The contidence of the white man in his own power of cohe sion, and the consequent continuance of his absolute supremacy, seemed to be built on a certainty. Yet the negro has been wise without suspecting it, and the Democratic party in the South has committed suicide without knowing it, has elaborately and deliberately and with much pains andringenuity dismembered and stab bed and poisoned itself, with the delu sive idea that its strength was being made invincible and its rule etcrnal. Events are bringing a beautiful illus tration of the operations of the laws. In morals and in politics paradoxes yield symmetricai and satisfactory re sults, wrong-doing develops punish ment for the wrong-doer and compensation for the wronged. The negro has found his salvation in obliteration, for the more his vote was chopped down, the more complete his disappearance, the fiercer the quarrels, the wider the divisions among the whites became. As danger from without lessened the discord within increased. THE RACE LINE RUICED OUT. The whites themselves destroyed the race line by crushing the negro out of politics, and the negro aided in the work by permitting chimself to be crushed. The Democratic leaders smashed their own and favorite spook -"nigger rule"-with which they so long terr-ified the "unterrified Democ racy" and held its ranks unbr-oken. So the r-ace line was rubbed out, and im mediately an older, stronger, deeper line has been drawn-'between the whites themselves this time. It is the line of class, of caste, of social and bus iness diTorences. Th~e great fr-ee silver- movement in the South is only the form, the name, of it. ''Te subt stance of it, the reality of it, is In the jealousies, the antagonisms, of class. I have studied the conditions in sev eral Southern States very carefully durling the last few weeks. My opplor tunities have been ample, and my con clusions are deliberate. 1 have heard men and women of all shades of opinion talk in varied surroundings and elir cumstances. Half the men who ar-c shouting for frece silver do niot know what it means and do not care. They shout for it because It is the shout of their class, the battle cry of the p)oor and obscure moving to watr agauinst the rich men and the "aristocr-acy," the pitchfork with which the fat-tior may ptred and disfigure and1 punishl the tme chant, lawyer and bankot- and all allil lated and associated interests an(> indll vi duals. OltOW'TIT OF~ CLASS FEELTN(G. The class feeling has long been latent in the South, but it has been smothered by many condItions, and thet-o has been nobody to dlevelop) it. Men who rose from the ranks of ''the commyon poo0 ple0" by power of intellect and entergy werec so few and scatte-ed that they wetrc qutckly and easily absorbed by thouir new surroundings, and the feroc ity of tiny tesentmenits they might hold( against the "uplper classes" was soon melted to genial conservatism. lBut it is dilTforont now. Class hatred has be come a ptassion, its bitterness mado more intense by long repression, its ex pressionI and development lumxuries becaiuse they are new exp~erienes. T he South Is prtosporous. Nobody is sullet-ing, and cornparatively few at-u in deblt. Take tian for tman, the propor tion of independence and prosperity Is greaiter amiong the farmers than In the towns atnd cities. Trho demand for- free silver coinage in this section is not the t-ebult of a deliberate desir-e to repudi ate dlebts, nlor Is there apparent any general helief that It will make any body rich or improve the condition of the coutntry. The average 16i to I man will tell you he Is for it bectause he longs .'or '"r-lief," butt he cannot or will niot say what kind of i-chef it is or fronm what be hopes to he ''relieved." il .* Fluit SI l~Vlli MAN'S MO-PIVyE. if youi will stutdy im carefully you. wvill limd that the~ cause of his sweetest satisfactioin, the t-esul t to wicih he looks tost joyously, ftrom the adoption of his schecuho is the pulling of some body down, the humblingz of aome hned which he considers to be hold undul, olfensively and Injuriously high. Irc iay have little hope-little real long, ing, even-to got from between thc plough handles himself, or to recuc his fain liv from tho, ho and the fiold, but he thitiks he would enjoy seeing some men he knows dismounted fi-omi high horses, forced from what ho re gards as easy and luxurious enjoy meot and required to share with him the heat of .July suns and the backaches acquired by picking out burtbleboe cot ton-a Variety of the plant so named becaubO of the traditional sarcasm that the insect referred to can comfortably sit on the ground and suck substance from the top blooms-during October and November. He thinks he would enjoy it, but probably he wouldn't, for he is generally a good follow at heart without real malice. But he has his prejudlees. Physical perspiration and sunburn are the only badges of a toiler he Is willing to ac cept its genuine-the only symbols of industry really blown in the bottle. White hands and laundered linen are to him tokens and evidences of opprcs sionI aid tyranny, whether they are worn by a clerk working fourteen hours a tjay for $35 a moI nth ot a corporation president, Who woos sudden deathi and cultivates insomnia for $15,000 a year. Aganst untanned complexions aud bleached shirt fronts lie has declared war, and against them he Is marching under the banner of the free and un limited coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1. le Is being carefully drilled and urgently incited by politicians and local leaders, who probably realize as faintly as h what they mean and what they are doing. COMING OUT P1'' CHAOS. Among them they are tearing the Democratic party in the South into splinters, and bursting and rending the solid South. With the "black rule" spook cast away, with fidelity to the Democratic organization no more a re quirement for respectability, with all political ties rent, all political tradi tions forsaken, there Is chaos and doubt. Yet results are beginning to take shape amid the confusion, lines are being drawn and ranks formed. The Demo cratic party hardly exists in the South to-day. It is merely a name, a shell. Unless there is some wonderful change or reaction in the next four months the whole thing will crumble in No vmiher. In South and North Carolina, Geor gia, Alabama and Virginia, nearly every white man will tell you that he is a. Democrat, but those who say they will vote the Democratic national tick ct are few ant t'>e number of them is diminishing. The free silver men are vociferous. They vociferate that they will not vote for the Democratic nomi nees unless they are uncompromising free silver men on an uncompromising free silver platform. The sound money men are quieter, but in all the towns and cities I have been in, in the Statem nameitd, every solid money mian-an ninc-tunths of the urban voters are thal way -aid if a free silver man wort nominated at Chicago he would vot< the Relpublican ticket if he voted. It the country many of the leading farm ers, substantial and prominent men who have made money and have in vested or loaned it, say the sar.o. I. am satified that the sound monc3 men could have developed mort strength in the paIrt'y )'i maries ant conventions than they showed, bul thousands of them carefully refrained fron taking any part in those exhila rating exercises because they did not intend to bind themselves to support the Chicago ticket. THE NEGRO'S POWER. And there Is where the negro comes in. In eight Southern States-includ ing six cotton States-ho can give victoiry to the solid money men by cast ing his vote with them. ie holds the balance of power between the two ole mnonts of the whites, split far and wide asundeor. Whatever the Itepulblican par-ty is the negro is. As a rr le, he knows nothing of currency or larif, and cares less. HIe is liepubl icanm, a:- soldly so~ as lie was in 1570. The D~ieocats have maiide no etfoit to conciliate or convert him. Their skill and energies have becen devoted to humIliate andI sub~vert him. The l)emocratic newspapers have fallen into the habit of repiorting as foot notes to their local election rem turns that '"the negroes took no inter est,'" or "'many colored men votedt the straight D~emocratic ticket," bu t that is merely a politely conventional forum of words to explain abrnormnal Demo eratic majorities andI to pol1ishm and stmooth rough and rocky applearancos. The truth is a negro wh is 1 not eager to put himsel f to any trouble and ex pense and loss of ti me thiat may lhe necessary that may enable him to vote a lRopubhlican ticket, is as infrequent as a white crow. All over South Carol inia negroes are traveling front lifteen to thirty iles, and puzzling over the rig. eirs of the new registration law that they may he readly to vote in Novem her. I hear of cases of negroes from 40 to 00 years 01(1 who have deli berately gone to wor Ik to try to lear-n to read the constitution andI are toiling patientliy over that task every nighl. A gleam of hope that they will be allowed to vote andl that tihir votes will be0 count ed will lead every negro voter to the poll s as a lIIght in a Milssisi pi swamp~ at night, gathers hugs, and every oune of them will carr-y a ltepublicean ballot eONSOIADA'I'ON UNDiER PRiESS5jltE. T1he white andI the black arec boing forced together under the pro'esurmt which hears against, them both, by th( aggression of a common enemy. Th( free silver people in the South are (10 ing their best, to constiruct a coinbina tion of tremendous strength agains themselves. T he "'aristocr-acy, " t hii conservative and business elemenlt, fli< bleached skins and laundered shir fronts, and the workers for fixed wage: of all grades, will vote the Itcpulicari ticket, b)ecaulse It will represent aunt money, which they believe their inter With thmis force of respectability, ci social and commotrcial Influ ence and] Intelligence behintd It the negro vote will be cast andl coutntedl. 1'3cetioni tricks on negroes are safe and easy whIle all white men0 arc ont the otheri 81(10 working together and playintg inuto each other's hahtndl to time v'ery endt of the game. Bitt the prospet oIf pro., cucions in the Uniited States Coutrts, where juries may favor fair electIons. muen of defined character and position, is not encouraging to managors ex pecte( to do "line work" or to "the ' boys" who, in more favorable circum stances, might do some shooting and shouting on the outside. Tihe combination Is being forced and formed and1 hardened In vorly part of t the South evgry day-the combination f of white business men and wago work- s ers with the negro vote. And that ( combination means In the course of a 0 little time, a South as solidly Repub- 1 lican as it has been Democratic. New York, June 2, 1896. C ---..* - - C W1010KLY CRtOP BULaLaMTN. b) A Markeh ati General Improve- st miet In tho Contlition ol'the Grow iig Crops. itl This bulletin covers the weather and W crop conditions for the week onding n Saturday, J une i, anid in its prepar- r tion were used reports frtin one or more c correspondents inl eaucl County of the ti State. f, Tho pnst week was the second one for tihe current crop season that had b a mean temperaturo below thet( nor- l mal, the deficiency having averaged t one degreo per day, and it averaged t live degrees por day lower than dur- a ing the pieceding week, duo to lower h dy and niglit temperatures, but more a particularly the former cloudy Weather :; having kept the maxima generally 0 below 90 and on tho:d below 80. The average of 37 mean teIII)ra- o ture reports was 7-1 degrees, ranging 1 from 70 at Greenvillo and Trial to 77 at sover different stations. The nor- 0 mial for the week is 71;. 11 The max imui tomiporature for the 1 week was 101 on the 1s at Gillison Ville, and the minimum was i58 on the 2d and 5th at Looper's and Greenwood, respectively. L 'heore were light scattered showers 1 Oil Sunday andol Monday, and on Tiues- U (ay a general rain bet in that con- a tinued throughout Wednesday, ending C with showers oin Thursday. The rain LI was well (listributod and in places ex- o cessive. It elfectually relieved the p3 drought over the entire State. In a 0 number of counties lanls were badlly il washedl, and locally , small areas of Ii bottom lands wero Ilooded. Tho fol- ti loVinig Ilies reporIted excessive rains: ilatesburg .1.10; Greenwood 3.42; St. il Georgo (two reports) 5.113 and 6.00 ; il IElloree -4.20 ; Beau fort 3.1.5 ; 'overtv lill 4.25 ; Trial 3.41 ; twelve othe I places reported amounts between two S anud threte incies ; twenty-lvo places a amounts between one and two inlies and two less than one inch. Tlhe aver-age of 47 reports is 2.18, and the normil for thieweek is 1. 12, the Iast week having been the first one (uring a this crop season that had an excess of t rainfall. Damaging hail fell In I-Idgeticld and luexington. The prevailing winds were northeasterly during the rainy period. There was only about half the usual amount of sunshino for the week, the percentage of possible sunshiuo ranged from 18 to 70, and averaged about :36 per Cent. There was mnost cloudiness over lPlorenco and )arlington, and least in the western counties. As growiig Crops stoo(d in ieed of rain during previous wooks, it follows that with the copious showers there was a marked and gn'oral Im prove ment In theoir condition during the iist woek. The rains, however, in torfered with tire wheat and oats harvest, inuch of which was out and I shocked, and it is thought may be I damaged. The rains also interfered IL with plowing, but little having heen 1) done. Most fields were well cultivated 11 and clean, but grass is springing itup t ripidly and(] the prosent need is for e sunshine and dry weather for killing a Ear'ly cor-n is in silks and tassels, l( and is being ''laid by " In excellent a condition generally. .lunoi corn is g being planlted and is comning up to good c .standls. Th'le eor'n cr'op looks ver'y I tromtisinzg. Gomplainit .of lice oni cotton is vcery w gener-al, and i n places the plant seetms h< to have beeni injureod. Cotton is "limnb- (I ing " wvell, and in Motme pilaces is ini h bloom with squiar'es fotrminzg freely. Somne r'epot-ts inid icalto a sapply totndli- La Lioni and( a teondency to grtow too tnuch t to weed. On the whole, the lant is q~ it gocod cond itLion butt needs so nsh inc. y Grass threcatens somne fields. Sea- '5 Islandl cotton in poor- coni 'Jition. d I 'eas are being (xtensi vely sown on i stubblle .landls amnd with cor'n. Thliis c wvork beinig conosldderabily int ad vane of dI the usual Lime for- doinzg it.t Tlobacco is replor'ted snuiit andti sicky 13 in iFlorenco, and the best re por'ts on its coniditioni indiicateo that it is doing ft only "' fair'ly well."'' Ileice is still being sown a~nd the C cr'ops Is gr'ow ing well gener-allJy, ex.- g (clpt ulanttd, int which a mar-ked im.i ol prmovemnent, is cx pected en account of the rains. I irish lpotatoes on the coast w ore not - imate-rial ly hltdped by the r'ainms, but elsewhere secom to have starteod a new gr'owth. Melons have miade excellent ad vance, as also has( canoe, both of which ar'o very promising. I 'caches, plums11 and applles continue to drop freely, and the outlook is fot' a small fritit crop of rathzer poor' quatility.. Blackber'ries and biuckle berr'ies ttilproved and( continuIo pileti. Sweet potautoe~s slips extLensi vely set out under very favorable condi Gardnns have stated gr-owinog again, and the supply of vegetables htas miateri ally i ncreasedl amd the quality. has iunprlioved . I 'astmures w hich have beoen poor impr to th is time ar'e gro~wing well and am'oy begi nmiing to alfor'd excellonti grazing. * Th le cr'op outlook is at lthis Lime very onicourmagi ng, being r'ep)orted1 the bes5t i for' miainy yearis by a numiibemr of cot' resp~ondenits, particuilarly3 in thme nIorth eatstm'rn counties. ( . - .--W. BAU* ietr -The Stateo of Kansas lays claim to p the smallest man In existence. Ils f namto is Willia lanI'i per and lhe residles ' in Sunmmner' counity in that state. Uoe h is twenty-two yeamrdjold, mneasum'es less e thani Lthr'oo feet, high and weighs only t fortyeght pounds. Mentally lie is a qu ite as soutnd as oi'dlinai-y me.n of hiis mj age. ile I ives with hiis widowedl mmotherm I and1( avoIds the public as mnuch as 1pos sile. COTTON SEIZWD AND BOLD. wolvo Million Dollars in the Na tional Treasury Belonging to Pri Vate Citizens. Twelve million dollars are in the reasury awaiting the claims of right I owners-mon whose cotton was L)ized after the war. The prosecution f these claims is barred by a statute f limitations specially passed, and one f the measures that was prepared but ot pressed at the )r('sent session of ongress was a bill for the repeal of tio limitation act. Threo Now York irs, one said to be the largest cotton roker in the world, are back of the 'hoe01, and will press it at the next nssion of Congress. After the close of actual hostilities 1865 cotton was seized throughout to South and sold. Socretary Chase as doubtful of the right of the govern ont to do this, and the st me doubt mkled in the mind of William E. handler, at that time acting scorc ry of the treasury'and now a Senator 'on New Haipshire. The doubt was > strong in lr. Chandler's mind that o would not use the piroceeds of the de, but organ;zed a division in the 'easury departimont which ho called tV " i)ivision of Abandoned Property nd Lands," which is still in existence. o then turned all of the proceeds of -izod property consisting of about >,000 bales of cotton, great quantities . tobacco, sugar and rico, together ith some turpentine, tar and rosins, ver to Willian L. Noorr, chief of the ew division. in 1874 Gaziaway 13. Lamnar, a high flicial in the New York Bank of Con icree, a Georgian by birth and a con dssion merchant, r'etainied the lato 'oerrail Benjamin F". Butler and ex ttorney-General George 1-. Williams s his counsel in a suit against the Inited States to recover $600,000, the roceeds of the sale of cotton taken by nited States troops. When Lamar -eutrod his verdict of $600,000, Robort Schenck, of Ohio, late Minister to 10 Court of St. James, was chairman the committee oi ways and means. cieving that a raid would be made I the treasury by holders of claims, he troduced a bill creating a statute of mitationls, thus barring the prosecu on of this class of cliiis. I i th is way the ioney has remained I the treatsu'ry. It has beln invested the United States bonde, and now Ioulnts to 'thse eniormious sum of 2,00)0,000. Outside of four or live muthern Senators, it is doubtful if ly one knows the true situation. The legislation which the Now York ndliinto waits passed is yery simple. , consists of a live line resolution re ualing the statuto of limitations gainst. theso clainis, and allowing :1om to be sent to the United States ourt of claims for adjudication. TIlE FAMOUS DARK 1)AY. day 11), 1780, Was a Notable Day Ii New inglaud. The fokloiing account of a great nyster'y Irr New 1ingland will prove n1toresting : Old letters of that time mako men ion of straigolatmfosphoric conditions IverMlI days before thd dark day. The un was clouded and the air close, with )eculiar' vapors floating abovo the arth. The sun and moon roso and set n a dull and uncertain light, ar.d many rI'edicted Volcanlic oruptions. The records of that time say that on 'ridiay morning, Alay 11)9, the air was envier than at any time previous, nd abott t nino o'clock shoots of vapor egan rising from springs and low mIds, formin ig clouds that rose abovo to hills. Cloud after cloud rose and flied away to westward, and still the Ii grew dlensor anld gray dar'kness in 'ased. Tile higher the sun rose the so ligiit seemed to reach theoearth, rid hoforo noon theo darkness was sI) rent that pleople wereOobliged to light indles in their houses. Cihur'ches and moeting-houses were pened, and ministers arn 1 deaconis went itih lihted lanterns to conldluct rolig mla services. Aliso ini many places, eli hborhiood prayer metin~tfgs were old. i t mullst 1)e remnembored that our1 coun *y at this time, 1780, was passing lr'ough gr'eat per'il. Those of you ac iainted with American htistory will .1m1(imbler thait the Re'volutionary arwas in pirogress, anid those un eided ill opinion regarding separa On of tihe roloniesli from the British ovorrinlmnt beli1 eed that tlie teorrible arkneiss was a comnmunicationt from 1o i.ord, a waRrninrg that sep~aration tiul not talko p)laco. Cate fecing Ain pastures jumped Iuices Lto get home. ieowls roosted uinking thalt night was upIon them. ildlren1 went Lt) school, but ran home r'Opinig their way in the stra~ngo tarkness. Nelthert science nor superstition has cadl the mystery. Herschel says: ''iTh dlark (day inI Northern Armer'ica /1as 1)n1 of the remiairkable p~honomoena >f natu1re that will ever he roead with nier'bt, but whlichi phlilosoph~y is at a oss to explini." But all passed0( away ; for never (lid hie 8un Rsh91inc more brigh tly tihan on het miornli ng of MAly 20. Th e hi rds ang ;allriature rejoiced. Cattle re u11rnedl to tile paistlres, men~f to their abor01s, and m nany were' the thibanksgiv ngs Olfe'reId that the Lord in his good tess had spar'ed the peop1)o. A ST1OUNDING A D)VERIIS.-One even rig a gentiertan came home with a idget oIf news. Anr atcquaintance had miled in butsiness. Hoe spoke of the tecJidet as "d(eliciously 8sad."' He had iddeni uip-town in a car with a noted ,It,, whorm ho dlescribedl as "' horr'ibly ntertainirig," and to clap the climax, e spoke of thte butter which had been at, beforo hirm at, a country hotel as dlivinely r'ancid." The young people star'ed, and the (dest dalughter said. "' Why, papa, I 1ou11(, think you were out, of your " Not in the least, my dear," he said, ieasantly. "i'm merely trying to >llow the fashion. I worked out livinely rancid' with a good deal of 1hor., i t, seems to me rather motre trective than 'aw fully sweet.' I mean >keep upl with the rest of you here f t'r. A nd now," lhe continued, "let to he0l1) you toia picce of this exquisite / tough booef." Adverbs, he says, are not so fashion ble a they wnee in hiamr.ly.