The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, January 23, 1896, Image 4
TH-1 GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE
(CONTINUED FROM FIRST PAGE.)
miums be required to be paid direct
into the State treasury, and, if necces
sary, the proportion adjusted between
the several counties. Undor the terms
of the new constitution the General
Assembly is authorized to imposO a
graduated tax on incomes and oni pro.
fossions and businees occupations. It
is hardly necessary for me to arguo to
your honorable body the justico of an
Income tax. It has been advocated
upon every stump and throughout the
entire Union as- the most equitable
system Of taxing the rich in proportion
to the poor. It is impossiblo to devise
a system that will secure a just return
of personal property. It has boon the
dream of legislators and statosmon for
years, and we aro no nearer a solution
of the problem today than we were a
century ago. I believe an incomo tax
will greatly assist in solvin r the prob
lom. The present time will be known
to history as the great bond era in the
history of our country. As woalth be
comies contralized its power is brought
to boar, with all its corruptii.g influ
onces, te obtain non-taxable securities.
The citi.~ons of towns and cities and
corporations require more protection
from governmot than the rural popula
tion, and it is but propcr that they
should betar a greater proportion of its
burdens. Under the law money in
vested in State and United States
bonds is exompt from from taxation.
The stock of banks and corporations is
excmipt In proportion to the amount 0!
their capital Invested in Stato bonds.
This was intended to encourage th
banks to assist the State in refuiidiiny
her debt, and yet not one would con<
to her rescue at the critical nomel
and we were forced to sell the hond:
in foreign markets. Since that time
however, the banks and investors o
the State havo purchased them, pay
ing large premiums for them, unti
now almost the entire issue is Owno)0t
in Charleston and other cities of tht
State. This ca)ital can only be roach
od by an incomo tax and I respectfully
recommend to your honorable body
that a graduated tax ho placed on all
Incomes of $1.000 and upwards, and
that county auditors bo given full au
thority to hoar evidonceo and resort to
such other moans as to your honorable
body may soom oxpedient to obtain fill I
and accurate return. It will he neces
sary for you to provido for the pay
mont of the salary of the varoious school
corlmissioners and Other eX)CnC fo'
collecting and dirbursing school funds
out of the general taxes as the constitu
tion providos. It will be uniecessary for
the expensOs of the State penitentiary
and the dispensary to be paid out of
the general fund, as both institutions
are Solf-supporting. I would there
fore, recommend Ithat in your appro
priations for these institutioris you
s)ecilically state that such amounts be
paid out of their earnings to be de
posited in the State treasury for that
purpose.
l'HOSIlATI INTE-RE.ST.
This itnlstry hats never recovered
from the vclonte of 1 "3 t, and I fear
never will. We have no longer a
monopoly of tle bAsinCss, and the dis
covery of phosphliate rock in 1lorida,
Tennessee and Algers has made coin
petition very lively. The report of
I'hosphate Inspector ,Jones is gloomy
and discouraging, but I fear Mr. Jones
takes too pesi mistic a view of the situa
tioni.
Th'le State received from January,
I189) , to .h inunary, 1 81J6, $ti2,898.30, which
was lace(d to the account of the sink
ing fund. L'rom Jlanuary, 181)5, to .Janu
ary, 189tfi, the receipts were $91,532.27,
which also placed to the credit of the
sinking fund. Besides there was $1,
155.912 received in November and Doe
cember last, which was placed to the
credit of the general account in the
treasury, mnak ing in all $1i5,69 . 19.
There is now due and unpaid by the
phosphate companies the sum of $141,
019,55 royalty upon rock actually mined
and sold. Thlis added to the above
amount gives $l19,7 I0.71 , the amount
that should have bee~n rceivod from
,Ianuary 1st, 18957, to .lanuary 1st, 1896,
representing an ouit1pout of 219,420 tons.
Ilho phosphate royalty reeived for the
fiscal year ending ()ctober 31st, 1892,
was $152,28fi..l. TPhis upon a rpyalty
of $1 pier ton. Upon0a the same royalty
woe would have received for thme past
fiscal year $211),121.15.
it miust he takeni into consideration
that the State receives royalty only
from rock actually sold and delivered,
andl not from that actuial ly min aed. We
arc dependent upon the honesty of thme
compJanies and the ability oIf thme phlos
phate inspector toalseertai n the amnount
paid and received for the rock for our
estimate upon which to claim royalty.
Last year wias a disastrous one for
phosphate and fertilIizer' companies
every where, caulsed1 by short eropsh) and(
still shorter plrofits. Unless the situaL
tion has greatly changed since my in
spection of the phosphate i nter'csts
last spring, I am satislied that it would
be unwise in your honorable body to
accept the recommnendlationi of the phios
p~hate inspector to redunce the r'oy'alty
to 25 cents per toun. I have heard of
no complaint from the phosphate comn
panics on accoumnt of the royalty. and] I
am satisfied it is low enough, for the
present at least.
There is now duo and unp~aidl by phos0
phato miners r'oyalty of the p~ast and1(
previous years to the amount of $S8 -
0941.70. This amount should have been
paid into the treasury, and I have im
prosed pontho otlicers charged with
are all under bond, however, and no
danger need be feared as to its ultimate
payment.
TIONS.
It Is always a pleasure to the ex
ecutive to visit the State hospital for'
the insane. T1hiis institution is manag
ed and conducted in a manner that
must satify the mnest hypercritical.
While the amount of the appropria
tion asked for is applar'ently greater
than that for the preceding year, a
study of its details will show that a
reduction has been made in the per
capita maintenance fronm $123.371 last
year to *l116.76 for the present year.
You will see from the recommendation
of the board of regents that an elfor't
wlas made during the past year to pur
ohse the Wallace rrt, consist
1eg -of 108 acres of I nd, adjacent to
edto,00,whi thie regents oxlpct
forthoa u ofthe sum appropriated
covering ae - e ihtitueaon
could not Oeoo eiht n ar.nge
ment, for the re4, that an believe it
unwise to establish t prbeieent
whereby the board of ae Streednt
stitution .could increany te pbin
debt of the State to such an pmunti
without express authority fro tmoun
general assembly. If the bordm can
purchase such an amount of proern
upon no other authority than thet
own, they could to anunum~e
amount involve the State in d.
propei'ty at the present time for the
reason that, It will be absolutely neces
sary to the needs of the institution in
uturo, and I im satilled to wait, for
bat emergoncy would ontail upon the
stato a considerable amount of in
crease in the value of the prop)erty,
which 18 within the city 1.1mits. I have
such great respoct for the judgment
and ability of the superintendent and
treasurer of the institution as to un
hostatingly endorse their recoinmenda
tions. The urgent necessity for a
brick building for the confinement of
the colored insano will, I am sure,
1iress itsolf upon your judgment.
It is unjust, and, to say tho least, in
humane, to confino those unfortunate
in a firetrap or place of torture, as the
present quarters now som to be. The
brick have been manufactured and
everything is in readiness for the
builder. During the past year a
vacancy occurred in tho 0111co of
second assistant physician, caused by
the resignation of Dr. W. A. Kirby.
it is a matter of congratulaIt-in to the
StatO and to the institution that I was
so fortunate in stcuring the services
of Dr. Sarab Campbell Allen, to fill the
vacancy. Dr. Allen is a South Caro
linian by birth, and the able manner In
which she performs the duties of tho
position, and the love borne her by the
female inmates proves the wisdom of
placing a woman physician in charge
of those unfortunato patiei.ts of her
own sex.
I coimeind to your careful considera
tion the carefully prepatred and in
structive report of the superi ntendent
of this institution.
ST AT I. PENITECNTIARY.
The report of the superintendent
and hoard of directors of this institu
Lion shows it to b in Ia healthby, sue
cessfiul and soun id finanmcial condition.
The numiaber' of prisoners coulinled dur
ing tihe last, lIscal year is 72 less than
for the previous year. This is duo to
the sentencing of short term-convicts
to the county chain gang. It is to bo
hoped that the num1ber1 )' sentenced i
will increaso to such an oxtent as to 1
allow all convicts scutencod to the
penitentiaRy to bo employed within
the wal Is or u pon the farms operated
by thb StatO. The prWLtOCO of lea'ing
convicts to privaty pailes is objection
able to the people of the Stato and
liablo to be abused. In one case, in
tho county of Oconce, I was compelled
to or(ler out the militia for the pur
pose of protecting a convict wlo had
been assigned to a Iivato contractor
within that county. The people be- 1
came ind ignant at t.he liberties allowed
a convict, who deserved the sevorest
punisiihment. I dosire to say, however,
tlhat this was caused by a guard acting
without authority and not from any
order of the superintendent. When
called to the attention of the authori
ties of the penitentiary the convict
was promptly conveyed to and confined
within the walls of the prison. I
regret to sOO a want of harmony among
the board of directors, as will appear.
to you from the minority report sub
mitted by Mr. Willoughby. The mat
tor submitt d in such Ireport were
called to my attention, and I met with
the board in order to soo that every
means and such information as the
books alforded wore givon the )oard
for their direction. Mr. Willoughby
Was appointed a committee of one to
inquiro into the contracts made by
the superintendent, and to eorrespond
with dealers throughout the United
Statcs with a view of obtaining suip
plies for the institution at, as low a
pr'iee as possile. 1 have not roecciv~ed
n14i' epor't, on account of amy inability
to attend the last mueotinag of the
board, but, I am satisflou it wil Il)
pear upon th . minutes duly recor'd
ed. I wouldi respectfulfly recommitend,
however', that, youar huonorable body
aippoint, a 'omit1,ooe to investigate the
alfai rs of th is institution in dolenice
to the request of Mr. Willoughby, and
make thoir r'eport at this session.
By rferonce to the report of the
superiintendecnt it will be seen that the
institution comnmences the new ycar'
with $i5,69'.5.87 in cash aind supplies.
With r'easonable good fortune we
may expoet, at the end of the next fis
cal year- a revenue to the State of
$25,000 from the not ear'nings of this
institution. The salaries of the olilem's
for the past year' have been paid out
of the Staito tr'easury, and would have
been refunded but for the r'eason that
we deem it inadvisable to sell the
criops5 on hand at pre'sent pr'icos, with
a possibility' of being compelled to buy
other sulpplies latter in the your atL
highm' prices. T1his will not be neces
sary foi' another year'.
In this connection I desire to call
your attention to the agr'eement be
tween this institution and the Colunm
bia Electric Stiroet Railway, Light and
Power Company. When the State
transfeorr'd the canal to the Columbia
Power Company it reserved 500 water
hiorse-power. This was disposed of
under' this aga'ooment as follows: Trite
company agreed to take the 500 horse
power' and1 fully developed it ; and
further aga'rod to paiy the State $2,500
for the saime, with pro'viso that upon
dleimand the company would del it or
p~ower' not exceeding 100 hois-power
ait any point within the walls of the
penitontiary desired by the supor'in
tondent, (101iver'ed from eloctr-ic geneor
ator's or in such other' manner as thbe
company should elect for the use
aind benefit of the penitentiai'y, at tne
rate of $5 p)or hor'se-power per annum.
Duo notice has been soa'ved upon the
pr'esident of the company by the au
perintcndent of the penitentiary that
this power would be r'equired to be de
Iiver'ed within the walls of the poeni
tuntiary as per the contract, and foi'
the company to exereise its right, of
election as to the manner of delivering
the same. To this demand no written
reply has been received, but the presi
dent hais had several interviews with
the superintendent and myself with
refer'ence thereto, with no satisfactoi'y
results. It is very desirable that the
Statoe should have this power for' the
following purpjoses:
1st. F'or power needed in the peni
tentIary, for running hosiery mill and
lIghting purposes.
2d. For lighting the State hospital
for the insane.
3d. For lighting the State capitol
and gr'ounds.
4th. iFor lighting the South Care
ia college.]
5th. For. lighting the executive
mansion.
The first point to be ascertained isi
whether the power at the disposal of
the State is sufficient for the above
purposes, and second, whether' the use
of su.3h power for these purposes wIll I
p~ay the State. Froem information
given me by experts, this power would
be am ple, as the following will show .
The penitentiary requires 25-horsn
powdor during the day, but this may
be reuced to 10-horse power after5<
o'clock p. in. The hospital for the:
insane uses about 380 incandescent<
lights, requiring about 40-horset power.j
The eapitol usen about 200 lights, re-1
- quiring about 20-horse power. The'
South Carolina college would require 4
about 300 lights, and the exccntivoe
manaion uses lights that require fromi
1 to 2-horse power. One hundred
J ,1
horso power would generally suflico
for the above and with a small supple
mental storage battery would be en
tirely sunlicient. As to whether the
State would be repaid by using this
power, the following statenint will
indicato the present status
iliECOIPTS.
Prom the electric light com
pany for rent 500-horso
power por annum........... $2,500
Lighting insane hospital...... $2,200
Da pitol. ............ ........1,200
Clego ........................ 200
Mansion..................... 108
Ponitentiary......................... . .125
Total.............................. $ :3,821
The above shows a balance of ox
pendtture of $1,321 without the cost
Incurred by students and professors in
the college for private lighting, which
might be supplied at like cost by the
Stato out of the 300 lights above allow
od. The buildings are already wired,
with the oxception of the South Caro
lina college, and I am informed that
the expense of pols, wire, etc., and
the necessary plant would not exceed
$5,000. The saving to the State would
bo $3,520 por annum, including tile ap
proximate amount to be received from
the professors and students for light
at the college. The estimated cost of
maintaining and operating this plant
is $930 per annum. This subtracted
from the disbursoments now made by
the State for lighting would leave it
balance of profit to the State of $2,001.
Add to this the estimate of the amount
to be received from professors and
students- $625-and we have a total
siaving to the State $3,520 por annum.
.1'his would be a dividend of8 per cent.
in a plant costing $44,000. In con
lusion, I would give it as my unpro
fessional opinion that the investment
required will be fully warranted and
probably would fall under $5,000. I
.tn satisfied the entire woi k could be
mporvised and performed by the elec.
brician and young men from Clemson
ollcge, with a detail of Stato convicts
[o heavy labor, which will reduco to a
ninimum the total cost of installation.
Tile great desideratunu Is to obtain
he lights for the public institutions
)f the State as reasonable as possible.
f the power company will furnish
hlem at cost, it will be well to continue
Ahe contract u)on such terMs.
DICAl' AND ULNI) ASYLUM.
This institution continues to be adini
ably conducted and with less com
plaint than any insttution unle.' our
,rovrnient. The remarkable record
is to the health of the students made
by the institution may be well con
sidered by the nanagemont of other
institutions in the State, the cost por
capita for medical attention, etc.,
being only 36 cents, not a single case
of serious illness having occurred dur
ing the entiro year. This is attributed
in a large meabure to thle kind atten
tion and motherly care given by the
iatron of the institution. Tne supor
intenlent asks your honorable body
for the following appropriations
'or suhpport ...................117,500
'or rei i i' s .............................1,000
'or insurance........ ...... .
leour electic l ight, lan~t and laun
dry maclinery..............-1,620
liuilding for colorted pupis..... 8,0
As to the last two items, I Im not
pr)Ieparedl to re1comm111end their appri'o
prIiaition. Thec experience of other' in
stitutions in the State with electrie
light plaints has been rather a costly
onie, and I seec 1n0 necessity for such a
plant ini this institution. The build i n
for colored pupils mlay be0 allowed to
remallin as it is until the finanes of the
State can alford a new one.
I would r'espeCctfully recommend the
granting of the other applroprIiations
asitked for. It, wvill be noted by your1
hlonor'able body that the faculty of the
istitution has beenI enlarged during
the year and the inbtitution generally
impr)1oved.
lRAIlbHOADS.
'The r'ailroad situation In thoe Statt
has bcen changed and g.eatly imw
pr1ovedl by the re-organization of al!
roads in the hands of receivers and thu
release from the actiual guardianshij
of the UnIted States Court. TPhe entiri
mileage of the State may bo divided
upI amuong three corporations, as tht
muinor' lines are either owned or con
trolled by them. - They are the South'
orn1 Rallway, the Atlantic Coast Lint
and the Seaboard Air Line. Tihosc
three may housaid to be r'ivals for tht
control of the interests in South Care
lina. The greatest and most power'fu]
among them is the Southern Ilway,
This is a foreign corporation, and cx
actly what its status is as to this Statt
or the United States I have nover' beer
able yet to ascertain. This much ia
cer'tain, however : that it is fast be
comning a most dangerous monopoly for
the Southern States. It owns and con
trols over' live thousandl miles of roads,
and it is still grasping for competing
rivals. Under the laws and constitu
tion of our State no foreign corpora
tion can do business or owvn or' cotrol
other railroads in the State without
lirst becoming a corp~oration in the
State. I am satislled that this coimpany
has iro legal status within the Staito,
and I am determined to use every
means within my p~owor' to prevent ita
further absorption of our domestic
corporations. My attention has been
onlled to the recent sale of the P'ort
[loyal and Western Carolina Railway
CJomnpany and its probable absorption
by the Southern ocetopus. Tihe time has
not yet ar'rived when I can take a hand
in the matter. .If, however, I fInd the
road being operated or controlled in
violation of the constitution of this
stato, I shall feel impelled to inter
fere. I wvould urge upon your honor
iblo body the appointment of a comn
mission to examine into the status of
the Souther'n system in this State, and,
if necesoary, to release the roads now
under their control within this State
nd1( 1 would respoctfully reommend
tnat tihe charters of all such roads be
immediately repealed. The Inves
tigations of such committee should
not be confIned to this corp~oration
ilone, but to any foreign corporation
sonducting or exercising unconetitu
bional powers or business within this
3tate.
Several years ago the oneral As
aembly repealed the charter of the Port
I.loyal and Augusta Railway Company
ror the reason that the same was
>wned and operated by foreign corpo
'ations against the interests of the pee
1le of this State. The case has been
n the State and United States Opurts
ver since, and I am satisfied that ul
Grior motives are keeping it there.
have conferred with the Attorney
lenoral and agreed upon a line of
>olicy which I hope will result in a
1)00(dy determirnation of the cause and
he restoration of this important artery
>f trade to our own peolo. The Rail
'oad Commission has recently made an
ffort to relieve flhe people of the un
lust and exor'bitant rates charged upon
'ertilizers by the roads in this State.
['hey have been governed by a sense
>f equity and justice to both parties
and have fixed a rate no lower than
Ghat In ether States whieh ship less
than South aolina. regret to see
the old disposition on the part of the
railroads to break out afresh and an
effort to defy the State authorities by
an appeal to their old friend and ally,
tle United States Court. Judge Simon.
ton has recently issued an order of in
junction restraning the Commissioners
from enforcing the order. I am satis
fled that the position of the Commis.
sion will be sustained, and this litiga
tion is purely vexatious and intended
to prevent the people from obtaining
the bonofilts of the reduction until the
fertilizer season Is over. We will push
the caso with as much zeal as lies
within our power. I would recommend
that you onact the rate established by
the Commission into at statuto, pro
scribing penalties and forfeiture of
charter of the colpanies failing to es
tablish them. I would suggest to tho
Commission that in sfuture their re
ports be condensed. I so no need of
republishing from year to year matter
that ias already been published in the
General Statutes, nor can I so the no
cessity for publishing the correspond
dence of the Commission in full. I coin
mend to your caroful consideration thils
voluminous document, herewith trans
nitted to you.
TlM DISPENSARY.
On accotut of tho great domand made
upon mue for information and statistics
in reference to the Dispensary law,
coming not only from our own State,
but from all parts of the world, I have
concluded to treat this matter in a sep
arato messago, which will be duly
transmitted to your honorable body in
time for your careful consideration.
(H1ICIAMAU(A COMMISSION.
Under and by authority of the Act
approved December 22d, 1891, to select
designs, etc., for the monuments pro
posed to be erected on the battle field
of Chickanlauga by the State to her
soldiers who took part in that memo
rable struggle, I appointed Gen. C. I.
Walker, Col. .1. 1). McLucas and Col.
C. K. Henderson as such commission.
No appropriation was made to carry
out tho object of the Act, but these
gentlemen, with commendable zeal
and patriotism, have at their own ex
pense i)erformed the duties required
of them. The commission mot in Co
lumbia on November 1i1th, 1895, for the
purpose of opening bids for which they
had previously advertised and invited.
Prom those submnitted they selected
that of thbe Muldoon Monument Com
pany of Louisville, Ky. It is proposed
by the commission to erect the monu
mont out of South Carolina granite, on
DyOr's knoll, a tuost conspicuous point
on the field and the scene of the gallant
charge of General Kershaw's Brigade.
The commission ask fqr an aplropria
tioI of $10,000 with which to rect, the
monuient and other expensos connect
ed with the commission. Nearly all of
the States having troops engaged in
this memorable battle havo properly
marked the places where they fought
aMd died with suitable monuments.
South Carolina can ill alford to do less,
as her heroes were the most prominent.
and datring in the conilict. Tile report
of tle commission will be transmitted
for your consideration.
CONPN ImRATMI. RECOUS.
Uide' a resolution of tile General
Assembly, I ap)ointed General H. L.
Farley to 1I1 the position of Historian
made vacant by the death of General
Kershaw. The work is progressing
with satisfaction to me and to the Con
federate veterans of the State. Gen
Lrail*Parley has recently been elected
Hlistorian to thte Order of United Con
federate Veterans, and I bespeak for
hum tihe hearty co-operation of every
hero who wore~ the gr'ay. This is an
important work, and it is necessary
that it be done accurately and careful
ly. [ am satistled that Gien. LParley is
fully comlpetenlt to o both. Is report
is herewith transmitted.
iKt ATLANTA EXPOSIT1ION.
In September last tihe Cotton States
amnd Industrial Expo)sition was opened
In the city of Atlanta and closed on the
1st day of January, 189ti1. 'The last ses
sion of the Gener-al Assembly failed to
consider this mlatter and no applrop~ria
tion was made for- having the industries
and resourcees of tils State prop)erly
relipresented. 'The elxpositionl was, you
mlight, say, purely a Southern enter
pri'se. lmoing an adjoining State, and
one withl whmom our relations have
hleretofoz e. beeni so cordial, I deoemed it
of thle ultmlost impllortance that our State
should he creditably represented.I
peCrfecteod an organization In every
counlty in the Stato and onideavored to
raise funds from popular subscriptions.
I found tis, hlowever, an herculean
and fruitless task. A mnass meeting of
citizoens of the Piedmont section of tihe
State was held at Blolton, in Ander'son
County, and r'Osolutions passed peti
tioning meI to borrow money and securo~
for our' State a iproiper place in tis
picture of tile resoures and industrial
development of tile South. Armed
with tis authority, and uunon tile r0
quest of many members of 'your body,
State Treasurer Hates and I succeeded
inl raising six thousand dollars from
the l'armers Bank upon our1 individual
note, which the batnk carried without
interest. We employed NMr. 11. L.
Rochle, an oxpoert in suceh matttors, to
collect atnd secure at prIoper exhibit of
tihe State's rosourcos. I am indebted
to Catpt. W. A. Clark andl Mr. J. C.
Hlemphill and other mlembetrs of the
State B3oard for active and heoarty ce
op~erationl in secur'ing the exhibit. I
am sattisfiod that thlose of you who at
tended the A tlanta 10zposition on South
Carolina day were not ashamed of the
State and Its exhibit. I am happy to
Inform you tihat tile State was awarded
a gold medal for having the most com
prehensive Statoc exhibit. I feel assur
ed that the State will be repaid many
fold for the investmlent, andl judging
from the letters of inquiry received by
me diuring and since tile close of tile
exp~osition concerning the many re
sources of our' State, we hatve already
been repaid. Thle State Treasurer and
I feel that you will not hoesitate to en
dorse our action as being for the best
interest of the State and assume the
obligation. A movement is on foot by
tile citizens of Chicago to iold an ox
position in that .Aty in September,1896i,
to be known as the Chicago and South
ern States Cotton Exposition. Tile
objoet of tile exp~osition is to showv to
the West the~ extent of tile delop
mont of manufactulring in the South
and thte natural, advantages possessed
by the South for further development
in this line, thloroby encouraging dir'ect
trado between the Sonth and tile West
and a union of these great agricultural
sections for mutual proservation. I am
satisfied the success of such an enter
p rise would moan a good deal fotr the
South, and especially South Carolina,
which now leads in the manufacture
of cotton goods. To tis dnd I hlave
directed our exhibit to be shipped to
Chicago, vwith a hope thlat it wiil be
but a nucleus of a grander exhlibit of
our entire rosoutrces. I wouldl suggest
that sit able r'esol utions bo passed
by ,your body assuring the people o!
Cic ago of your appreciation of theitr
efforts to unite the two sections andl
of your hearty co-o petration in thir~l
work. Elforts hlave been madle to oh
tatln our1 exhibit to be placed in Phlil
adlOlphla and New York, but I can
snn noagonel re,,lts to come froam till
COurse. The interest of this section
is so antagonistic to ours, and their
greed for bonds so. great, that I fear
WO could expect nothing save financial
bondage.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Various complaints have been made
to me during the past year against cot
ton factories working their operatives
longer than the time prescribed by
statute. In each case I have dispatched
a special officer to investigate the facts,
and if warranted to arrest the party.
The report has been that while the
operatives are worked often longer
than eleven ho.irs a day, yet they did
not exceed the sixty-six hours a week
prescribed in the Act. 1 would reo
mend that the law be amended so as to
rouire only eleven hours a day, with
no provision for working lon er during
the day for any purpose. This would
make the law definite and clear and
3asy to enforce.
This industry is becoming very pow
3rful in our State, having more than
:loubled the number of spindles in the
past two years.
I desire again to ctll your attention
to the oppression and hardships placed
apon the people by banking institu
Lions in the smallor towns of the State
in the practice of usury. It saps the
lire and existence of the large number
of our farmers who are in debt and
compolled to borrow, even upon the
harshest terms. Thore can be no de
fense of the crimo. I would suggest
as a remody that a law be passed re
quiring the burden of proof to be
placed Upon the plaintilf in every ac
tionl brought upon a note or account
to show that usury has not boon prac
ticed before a recovery can be had.
If this cvil has not impressed itself
upon you, I feel that nothing that I can
do or say will cause you to realize it.
The past year has been a prosperous
one for every industry of the State.
Our farmors have been blessed witu
abundant harvest ; our merchants with
good collections and larger profits; our
banks and factories have paid hand
some dividends ; our State bouds are
bringing a premium of 10 per coat. in
the market, and for all of this we are
thankful. The burdens he apod upon
us, lowOver, by the national govorn
mont continue to be increased, and in
timo of peace the national debt has
been increased to the amount of over
$3.00 for every man, woman and child
in the nation. Upan the heels of It we
are threatened with a foreign war,
which v ould mean stagnation of the
progress and development of the entire
South. We believe in the enforcement
of the Monroe doctrine, but lot us hop
that this is but a feebloofrort to bolster
ul) the repudiated foreign and domos
tic policy of a great political failure
10nd monstrosity.
I invoke the blessings of God upon
your deliberations.
JNO. GARY EVANS,
Governor.
WHAT DAN MANNING DID.
l'he Diflorence Hetween Cleveland's
First. anti Seconti( Atim inist rations.
A story was told in the United States
Senate a few days ago which illustrates
the difference between the financial
policy of Mr. Cleveland's first and
second administrations. This story
is given by the New York World,
which endorses and commends it to>
the present administration, and the
World is a gold-bug paper:
"Senator Perkins, of California, told
today for the first tion the story of
what Daniel Maai.ng did whecn lhe was
secretaLry of the rew, and a syndi
cate tied Lu make tu guvernmont
surrender gold for hoarding and specu
lation.
" T1hey wore raiding the treasury In
those days just as they have been raid
ing it under Mr. Cleveland's adminis
tration. Secretary Manning saw and
understood the situation. Hie also saw
the remedy, although it Is (quite pos
sible that what he (lid was suggested
to -him by Mr. Tildon. Hie took his
gripsack and started for New York.
When he arrived hc sent for the chief
raiders of the treabur~y. If I should
mention their names they would sound
quite familiar to those whmo have been
reading the story of the great Morgan
syndicate.
" 'Gentlemen,' said the secretary, in
a cold, hard voice, the treasury is will
ing to furnish gold for any legitimate
demand, but if you attempt to draw
upon the treasury gold after today as
you are now doing, for hoarding or
sp~eculation, I shall adopt an effective
remedy for the protection of the gov
ernment's reserve. We have a cash
balance of over $150,000,000. Not one
of you doubts for a moment the pur
pose and ability of the government to
maintain specie payments. But if you
contirtue to withdraw gold I shall at
once order that you be paid 10 per
cent. in ilver' coin the fir'st clay. 'The
second dlay you will be paid 20 per
cent. In silver, the third day 30, and so
on until one-half will be paid you in
silver.'
"'lBut,' exclaimed the astounded
bankers, ' this is in violation of the im
plied obligation that the govormont
"4 'Makenomistake about that, gen
tlomen,' replied Mr. Manning *'The
law says 'coin,' and Ghe treasury will
exercise its undou bted prerogative.'
" That ended the gold raiding. The
government won its p)oint just as soon
as the secretary of the treasury showed
that he had a backbone.
"Secretary Carlisle is in an limprog
nable p)osition at this moment, lHe has
the whole country ready to aid him if
ho is In earnest, He knows and every
authority upon the subject in Washing
ton declares that the banks of the
country, not to say the ban kers, would
not dare to let the gold reserve be ex
hausted.
It would Instantly destroy hundreds
of millions by shrinkage in values.
Mr. Carlisle knows this. Yet in the
secret places of the treasury depart
mont are cunning men who are doIng
their utmost to defeat the administra
tion. They are doing the work of the
g~old ring, and are doing it very clum
sily."
-At the last meeting of the rail
road commission, Mr. Wilborn in
troduced a resolution to reduce the
passenger rate in this State from three
and a half cents to three. That Is to
be the standard rate according to his
plan, but the poorer roads are to be
allowed a p~ur cent. inoreaso In proper
tioni to their earnings. The mneasure
wams not acted upon, but will be at the
next regular meeting of the board.
--Mr. RI. L. Todd, tihe poplular and
oflicient traveling passenger agent or
the Central and Port R~oyal and Wes
tern Carolina railroadsi, has been ap
pointed division passengeor agent of
the Plant system of railroads and
Steamship lines, with boeadquar'ters at
Jacksonv illo, Fia.
-President Cleveland, it is said,
will urge the intervention of thei
United' States in the Cuban war as
soon as congress Indicates its willing
loss to' upJholdl him thoroughly in his
)ursuit of a& vigorous foreign polic.|
The Busy Bees.
There are three kinds of bees in
every hive family: A royal queen,
whom all the others obey and honor;
the drones, or male bees, who are
lazy fellows, who do not work, and
cannot even sting ; and the "busy
bees" we hear so much about-the
workers-who gather the honey,
build the cells, care for the young,
protect the hone, and serve the fam
1ly in every way.
The queen seldom goes outside
her own hive, but she lays all the
eggs; so she is the mother of the
whole community. But notwith
standing her industry, some of her
eggs produce workers, some drones,
and some young queens. The work
ers make different wax cells for the
different eggs, and the queen always
puts the right egg in the right cell.
Sometimes she lays two hundred
og in 1 one day.
f a queen, while out taking an
airing, should happen to enter the
wrong hive, a host of the workers
there would instantly surround her
and carry her to their lawful qjueenl.
Then the queen of the hive would
attack the stranger, and Probably
kill her. Should she happen to get
killed herself, then the stranger
would be accepted as the rightful
queen by the other bees.
In the home of the lost queen all
is quiet for awhile, but in an hour
or two out come a swarm to hunt
for their queen mother. They go
buzzing about everywhere, but all In
vain. They fail to find the missing
queen.
On returning to the hive they se
lect a baby bee that is not more than
three days old, and break down the
cells just around it, so as to gi ,e it
a cell two or three times as large as
it had before. Then they feed it
upon a jelly prepared from the jui
ces of flowers. This makes it grow
very fast, and in a few days out
conies a full-fledged queen, and the
hive is again a happy home.
The working bee goes to her la
bors betimes im the morning, and us
ually returns to the hive about noon.
She has a honey bag into which she
sucks the honey of the flowers, and
her thighs are furnished with cur
ious pouches or baskets that hold
the pollen or flower dust. On reach
iig home, she goes directly to the
queen to give her the first taste of
the fresh honey, then, keeping a
small portion for her own n)urish
ment, she deposits the remainder in
one of the cells.
The drones are lazy fellows, who
live oil the work of their industrious
sisters, but they are not alloved to
live more than a few months. In
July or August the workers seem to
say, "See here ! these drones have
been living on us long enough, they
do not eveni get their own food ; let
us clear the hive of them." So they
drive theni down to the bottom of
the hlive aind sting thleml to death.
Often thousands are killed in a sin
gle (lay.
In Eniglanid, bee-hives are of ten
built of twisted straw, though with
us the straw hive is a ting of the
past, tihe ne~w patent hives being
more convenient.
it is easier, too, to watch thle bees
through their glass sides.-Sabbath
School Visitor.
--The Secretary of Agriculture in
his annual report from Washington,
notes that more than half of the States
have passed new road laws during the
last year, and thaL road construction
on improved principles ls proceding in
many State, esp)eially in Massachus
etts, N ew Jersey, North Carolina and
Kentucky.
Epilepsy 20 Years.
Cured by Dr. Mliles' iNervine.
A few years ago, Mr. L. w. Gailaher, was
an extensive, successful expert mnanu
factu rer of lumber products. Attacked with
epilepsy, lhe wasq obliged to givo tip his busl
nests. The attacks camoe upon him most in-~
opportunely. One time falling from a carri
ago, at another downz stairs, anid of toun in the
street. Onco he fell down aL shaft in the
mill, his injuries nearly proving fatal. Mr.
Gallaher writes from Milwaukee, Fob.10, '95.
-etcs o20or 7 ufrdwt plp
onhe aenon ore m5is.00able han don
littcle for years bitt search for something to
help meo, and have takeon all the leading
remedies, bust received nio boeneflt. A year ago
my son, Ohas. 8. Onliahor, druggist at 101
Reed St., Milwaukee, gave me D~r. Miles'
Restorative Nervine, and I tried it with
gratifying results. Ilave had but two flts
since I began taking it. I am better now in
every way than I have been in 20 years."
Dr. Miles' Remedies are sold by druggists
on a positive guarantee that the first bottlo
will benefit or prico refuusled. ilookc on the
Iheart and Nerves, free. Addl'oss,
Dr. Miies Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind.
Dr. Miles' Remedies Restore alth.
WB THINKC
that the beet is none too good for our
cusomre ad the grwng demand for
OUR PATRONS KNOW
where to ueonto the highest grade of ma
andrial ruics doels lowest prices,
AUGUSTA L.UMBI3R CO.,
Dmee, Saah, Blinds, Lumber, &o.
" Buy of the Makasr.* AIJO. O....- -
CURB
P 1 Treatment, consisting of
Ixs of Oit 0.Apsules of ntment and two
ovratires Ad deUover-fail Oure for PROPe
0t tey ator p o. It uaEes an operation
ore ainful and seldo aosof CarbolHo aold, which
ulti in doth, n eure, and often
this te rible disease? *.* Wh- endur
boxe o cure a y asee f Ua fto
boents received. 6ia boz. for $5. Sent y mi.
Guarantees issued b, our gent by nai.
CONSTIPATION* Prenled,
the rent IVER and STOS16 0 LA. e iet
BLuOD PuRIFIER. Small, mild ani pleasant t"
take, especially adapted for ohildreu's use. w0 Dosee
25 conts.
GUARANTEES issued only by
A NEW CUSTOMER
writes as l'ollows:-"rho material I have
I nuist give yout credit for, as it is the
only right, k in: of worlranshlip I have
h: itn four years."9
Trliat cunstomier lI a highl class builder
anl ids opinion Is partiuilarly gratify.
lnr t o 4:9.
AU6USTA LUMBER CO.,
Doors, Sash, Illinds, Frames, Lumber, &o.
liuy of the Maker." AUGUSTA, 4A.
SOUTHERN RAILWAY.
PIEDMONT AIR LINE.
Condensed Schedule of Passenger Trains.
Ves.. Fst I
Northbound. No.38 No 3 No. 12 Ne. 18
Jan. 8, t896. Daily jDaily Daily Hsun
Lv. Atlanta, C. T. 12 00mIt15p 7S0a 4$&
Atlanta,E.T. 100p 1210a oa 635p
" Norcross.............12 & 938a 629p
" liuford .............. 016 0 p
" Gainesville.. 225p 044 a
" Lula..................223 1104 a al4p
" Cornella ..................1126 a
" hit. Airy..... ........20a 113oa.
" Toccoa. .............15a 1153a.
" Wostirnster ........8360 a 1227 .
" onuca...............407a 1242 p
" Central....... 44p 433a 1201)
" Groenville ... *30P 6l9a 2p0p
" Spartanburg. 6 18 p 6 1 a 3 p
" Gai 'as ..... ........63it 410p.
" Blacksburg.; 06 p 709a 430p.
" King's Mt... .... ... a booP
Gastonia .... .......
Ar. Charlotto.... 8 20p 883a 620p
" Danville ..... 12 00& 130p 125p.
Ar. Richtiond.... 6 00 a 640 P 600 a.
Ar. Washington . 642 a040 ..........
" liltm'e. P It 805 a 1 25 1)
46 PhIladel phia. 10 25 a 3 00 a..............
" Now York.... 1263 n62%.............
es. Fat M
Southbound. No. 37 No j No.
Daily Daily Daily E Sun
LV. N. Y 1'R It 4301) 1215n ........
11hiaophia. 65611 3 60 7 ........ ...
if 1tatiulore.... 920p 622&a........ ......
SWisliugtou. 10 43 p 11 15 a ....... ......
Lv.Richmond 200a12 5p a 93a .
Lv. Da-ville. ..... P 7 00
Charlotte 28 5U 10 15 P 12 20p.
gs t .... .... 11 2.. . 6 a
lila~sb~rg..1O 3 110a 11C53 .
Gainey........123 0a 1827 .
Ki' l B r.113a16 a 86 p .
etintr........: a 8200p .....
ocuva6..... ........13 a 4 19p .
Cornila...........0..p 1145 p.
Lula 640 p 6I~ 00 a
Gainosvillo:.a3 40ua p . p 2
11'. 525i p . t
botwetiNow orkandNo OrleNs. via Wao. y
Lwce. N Yrk Ruj . Mem0phi2 15a Wahnt
"Ahlaaad pia. 6gha6 Dinin cars
"1: Wsehingn.104p car1be 15e AtanaN O.
Ns. ihmond ... Pullman Blee5pin a ew
LichmndllDa.....e a50 Gresoo
". Charlotte perit.n..t,9harltte
".A .aTURda . 8. .. . DWIK
Wahing'toM , l... Atlata....
L sparotubrg 11e37 a
" Orconvial.. 12 218ap
4 eral .~.... 111
Ar Senea....................2 3 p
" Wesinister........
" Tsoo.................G d
' l Airy~O......... .4
".... rn......... .............- i
".L............ .
OrBuord.................._
" NrossD~....... ......I
Ar.Atant iiT.45
........1..p.........
150 a 4 40 p ......a
' Irsl *~r........ '.....740p....
459 a 6 3 9 p 0A'
Lv.9ierp............ .42p 827
P~il~J~4 I T 60SaJ 1 p 30
Sl ea O T . 35 pto n. 28@:0p 8a
-"1. a. -''" p. In. "AM" nao. "N ig.
Nothouuj,- ana. Washingtun an, 6S18 p. esr
(Vost ibalod Limited) ThouhoPudllman sa.per.
ingtp.on, tla. an, Mongomnery, Laniteado,)
Teeni eav YorevlA apndhs vi diashigon,
AVtant and Lirmingham. sotonng 1cars. .
4N40s. 35, 28p an,-nestateas aied.Pu.
Pman ac leeping cars bewon aTaNw O
o 3, 11 and 12. oPuA.manI. dieepin. a ewe
Gen'. Supeite., ent, Trafio MIf,
WasingonD.0. Washintn,. 0,
WashigtonU. 0.Atlanta, Ga.
SOUTHERN pt, RAolumbA SCO