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MANY HAVE 10 PAY INCOME TAX AEFICTS AT LEAST 425,000 PERSONS. ? NETS EIGHTY MILLIONS Government Exports Are Getting Ready to Apply Latest Federal Amendment to the Constitution? Estimates and Exemptions of the New IjA\V. According to estimates completed by the treasury experts, 4 25,000 American citizens must keep such accurate account of their incomes this year tliat they will be able to report to the income tax collector next spring exactly how much they owe the government under the now Income Tax law. So far as the taxable American is concerned, me income Tax law is now practically in forco against him. While the tariff bill in which the law is embodied will not be signed until next week, the first returns do not have to he made before March 1, 1914. Hut when the returns are made they will cover the income of citizens from March 1, 1913, to December 31, and the first payment of tax will he for money received during this period. Every single person (citizen or foreign resident) whoso annual Incomo exceeds $3,000, and every married person with an income above $ 1,000, is expected to report his or her receipts in detail to the government agents on March 1 of each year. The estimate completed indicates that the income tax will produce $S2,29S,000 i mm i no <rj:>,ouo persons taxed. To this will he added the $35,000,000 or more produced by the present corporation tax, which is continued as part of the law. President Wilson, tho federal judges of the supreme and inferior courts now holding office, and employees "of a State or any political sub-division thereof," are tho only persons specifically exempted from the tax by the new law. Tho President and the judges now in office were made exempt to escape any questions of the constitutionality of the law; and their successors in office will be compelled to pay tho tax. The general public is expected to give close study to tho new law in the next few months, as the first burden of the tax payment rests with the in'd'vidual citizen, and his failure to report his income is punishable by a fine. It is admitted that when first returns are made many taxable persons probably will escape payment; but with each year the government's lists of persons with taxable incomes will be made more nearly complete. The income tax estimates are as follows; Incomes (in Number thousands) who pay Net returns 3 to 5 . . . .120,000 $ 030,000 5 to 1 0 . . . .178,000 5,340,000 1 0 to 15 . . . 33,000 4,240,000 1 5 to 20 . . . 24,500 3,1 85,000 20 to 25 . . . 1 0,500 2,100,000 r * r A o 1 AAA r\ n r* r\ f\ r\ r\ tn iiu c i ,i;uu a,uuu,uuu 50 to 75 . . . 0,1 00 0,882,000 75 to 1 00 . . . 2,400 4,770,000 100 to 250 . . 2,500 13,775,000 250 to 500 . . 550 8,805,500 500 to 1,000 . 350 13,653,500 Above 1,000 . 1 00 9,301,000 Two primary methods of collecting the tax are contained in the law. One is the individual return made by the citizen; the other the returns by corporations and other employers who pay their employees' taxes "at the source". Under the law as signed by President Wilson every largo company employing labor will bo compelled to report any regular salaries it pays in excess of 03,000 figures and will pay tho taxes for its employees and deduct the tax from their pay envelopes. This "payment at the source" will apply to salaries, rents, interests, royalties, partnerships profits and some other sources of income, and persons receiving such incomes must be prepared to show that the money has paid its tax at its source. In figuring up his net income for the tax collector, the American busi ness man, alter deducting $.5,000 for himself, or $1,000, if married, will have the right to claim the following additional exemptions: Necessary expenses of carrying on business not including personal, living or family expenses. Interest paid out on indebtedness. National, State, county, school or municipal taxes paid within the year. Trade losses, or storm or fire losses not covered by insurance. A reasonable allowance for the depreciation of property. Worthless debts charged off during the year. Dividends from companies whose incomes have already been taxed. Interest from State, municipal or government bonds. Tt is a clear provision of tho law, however, that tho taxable person must make a retur nto the internal revenue collector for his entire "net income", and exemptions claimed under tho law must bo submitted to the Federal officers for them to determine upon their reasonableness or legality. The amount of the income tax, aa WILL EFFECT REFORMS (J. O. 1\ INTERPRETS HANDWKITIXCi ON WALL. Basis of Representation is Change*] in Response to Demand Created Since 11)12 Convention. After five hours of debate the Republican national committee Tuesday night determined that it was clothed with ample power to readjust the composition of the party's national conventions and had authority to make reforms in convention rules and procedure that have been demanded by many elements since the convention of 1012 and the Democratic victory at the polls last November. With little bitterness and no tangible evidence that differences which arose over methods could not be reconciled, the committee took steps which have been agitated in the party for 30 years and which have been vital factors in many exciting conventions in its later days. Without a dissenting vote the committee decided to make a change in the basis of representation in national conventions, which will greatly affect Southern states; gave full recognition to the principle of the primary in the election of delegates to such conventions, approved laws regarding such elections and by several states which provide that all delegates he selected at large, and accepted the' principle that delegates properly accredited by state authorities shall he placed on the temporary convention roll. Tho nnlv rtifforonro nf nnlntnn thnt developed was over the question of the machinery used to effect the reforms. Of the 4 9 committeemen who voted on the one roll call taken, 14 favored the calling of a special convention to bring about these changes, and P.r> declared themselves opposed. After this ballot, progress was marked by a friendly spirit, with an expressed desire to harmonize and to face the "common political enemy" with a reunited and soliditled party. Tho resolution adopted expressed the party's faith in primary election of delegates and in tho right of a state to choose them at large, but details of the method of reducing southern representation were left to a special subcommittee. It was predicted that it would fnvnr n enmnromisn bniwpon thn nlnn advocated by the Republican congressional committee and by Chairman 1 lilies and other leaders. This plan would provide for four delegates at large from each state, one from each congressional district and additional delegates from each congressional district where the Republican vote bears a certain ratio to the entire vote. With the adoption of the report of this subcommittee, the national committee will adjourn probably until 1916. In bringing in a plan for reduced representation the subcommittee will suggest bow the plan shall be ratified by the Republican voters in all states. The much talked of referendum, requiring that the plan must be approved by Republicans in states which cast two-thirds of the total party vote in 190S, was still in favor at Tuesday night's meeting. Debate during the day practically was limited to a discussion of the number of a special national congention. PIIKSIDMNT WITHDRAWS. Wilson !>no\vs ncsentment at Caraboa Society Jests. President Wilson Monday night formally withdrew his recent acceptance of honorary membership in the Military Order of the Cartboa, composed of regular and volunteer officers of the army and navy who served in the Philippine islands during the four years succeeding the Spanish-American war. Earlier in the day the president had ordered an investigation of various satires and travesties on the administration's policy toward the Philippines as portrayed at a banquet of the order last Thursday night. It was made plain at the White House that while general burlesque of the administration's peace policj and thrusts at Secretary Bryan am others were deeply resented because they came from army and navy ofli cers, the chief objection was to the spirit of hostility shown to Philip pine independence as the problem h boiee worked out hv the nreaent nrl ministration. ? ? ? Until Duellists Killed. D. A. Rogers, town marshal, of Ar cadia, La., and Thomas Cathey, sho and killed each other in a revolve duel in a drug store there late Satur day night. finally agreed upon, follows: Fron $3,000 to $20,000, 1 per cent.; fron $20,000 to $50,000, 2 per cent.; $50, 000 to $75,000, 3 per cent.; $75,00' to $1 00,000, 4 per cent.; $100,000 t< $250,000, 5 po.* cent.; $250,000 t $500,000, 6 per cent.; above $500, 000, 7 per cent. A single man with an income o $25,000, for example, would pay per cent, on $17,000, and 2 per cenl on $5,000, a total tax of $200. 1 married, the first tax of 1 per cent would apply to only $16,000 of th i income. |, .* ?| HAS ENOUGH VOTES STRENGTH SHOWN BY CURRENCY BIlLON tIRST TEST CENTRAL BANK KILLED Administration Measure Meets Severe Test in Senate, Hut Democrats Table Hitchcock's Amendment to l'ut One Institution in Control ot Monetary System. Victory for the administration forces in the iirst test of strength on t lie currency reform bill marked Monday's session of the Senate. The vote, 4 0 to 3 5, tabled a substitute offered by Senator Hitchcock for Section 2 of the administration bill, proposing a system of four regional banks, with a possible increase to eight, the regional banks' stock to be owned by the public. The defeat of the amendment?practically assured the adoption of the Owen plan, which provides for from 8 to 12 regional hanks, with the stock owned by the national hanks that become members of the respective regional hanks. The Democratic leaders claimed that the result of the test vote, Involving one of the most important features of the fight, indicated the complete success of the administration measure. Efforts to get an agreement for a time to begin final voto on the bill wore not successful, but leaders on both sides of the chamber looked forward to an early termination of the debate and for final action before the I end of the week. When the Hitchcock substitute had been tabled, Senator Reed made a speech vigorously defending the Owen bill and replying to Senator Root, who on Saturday attacked the measure and called Secretary Rryan "the dominating influenco" behind the proposed new currency system. Replying directly to Senator Root's predictions that undue inflation and a financial panic might ensue if the oilrrenev liill worn naceorl in i?u r???no_ out form, Senator Hood declared no inflation of the currency could occur unless the "sound money men who run the hanks" brought It about. "This Is workable bill," he declared. "It is not surcharged with destruction to business. If added checks ought to ho put in, I, for ono, am willing to put them in. Hut the senator from New York spent his time telling of the dire things that would happen to business and spent hut little time explaining his own proposed amendments. "No one has the right to undertake to alarm the business interests where there is no just cause for it. I doubt the high patriotism of the man who will stand here and cry 'Wolf, wolf,' where there is no wolf." Senator Reed said a "typewritten document" proposing Senator Root for the presidency had been prepared and given to the press beforo he made his speech. "It is not difficult then to understand why the secretary of stato was brought in," ho added. "When the volco of ambition is calling to higher honors, it is not difficult to understand that men will sometimes let their interests over come thoir spirit of fairness and candor. "If we ever have lunation of the currency bill, it will ho caused by the hankers of the country and by no one else. Tills proposed federal reserve board can not put out $1 of additional currency until there has been a call made upon it by the regionf 1 whoso boards will bo controlled by 'the sound money men' who run the " national banks." Senator Hitchcock made a sharp ' attack on the proposed control of the regional reserve banks by the bank! ing interests of the country. He do' clared tbis feature of tbe bill wouh' ' turn the country reserve to the use 1 of these bankers and would legalize " the methods and the combination ol " control, against which the country has long protested. ! ? 5 POST OF PICK KOIM1KKIES. r i " , liberation of Yeggineii llelleved tf Nave Caused the Increase. * Many post ofllco robberies are be 7. I - A b i J XI * X 1 uii; i iuu 111 iiuis Mjruuii cil tin - South, and tho opinion expressed ii Columbia is that the safes as beinj blown i>y the yeggmen liberated l>: the governor. It is a strange eoinei _ donee tliat Immediately following tin t release of "Portland Ned" and Wil r liam McKinley the blowing of pos _ ofllee safes would begin. Then Join Fisher eseaped from the penitentiary _ Many post office inspectors are work n ing around this section of tho coun i try. f) Two Children Perish. o Two small negro children wer 0 burned to death in a fire which dr stroved their house near Sumte early Monday morning. f ? 1 llattlesliips Homo Again. t. Tho United States battleships Wyf f ming, Arkansas, Utah and Florid t. returning from visits of courtesy t ol various European ports reached Ne' if York Monday. % LARGE POTATO YIELD FARMER MAKES :t:t7 BUSHELS ON ACRE AND EICillTlI. Cost Average About 12 4 Cents Per Bushels and Average Selling Price Was DO Cents. "I believe that I can raiso sweet potatoes to cost not over 10c a bushel, and will surely beat any cotton ever grown!" Thus spoke Mr. J. II. Riley 20 years ago when he was living in Orangeburg county, and as the result of this conversation with Capt. 1). II. Salley, a well known citizen of this section, he rented one-eighth of an aero of deep sandy land, and though ho had to hire all work to be done when the crop was harvested in the presence of Capt. Salley and all expenses checked up it was found that the cost was 1 1 Va c per bushel, says The Union Progress. All these years Mr. Riley has kept those facts and figures in his mind, and in 1012 having some land of | similar character on a farm ho has near Buffalo, S. O., ho experimented with a quarter of an acre, and by actual measurement found that his yield was 126 bushels, with the cost so near 10c that he decided to go into the sweet potato raising on a larger scalo in 10 13. I That his faith and pood judgment have been well founded is proved by his crop niado this year, when on 1 1-S acres he made a yield of 337 V& bushels actually dug up and marketed, with probably 30 to <10 bushels still in the ground which will be gotten when he breaks his land for his winter cover crop, the whole crop averaging him 00c a bushel, or a clear profit of $22 1.92, while the cost covering every detail was only 24,/:jC a bushel. This phenomenally largo yield for this section was made up of potatoes unusually fine and symmetrical in shape, one of the largest weighting 7 Mj pounds, while the average weight would run from two to three pounds. The potato is of the "Nancy Ilall" variety, which, when cooked in deep orange in color and delicious in flavor and texture. As to the story of this now money making crop for our farms, and how Mr. Riley worked out such splendid success, It is well worth while to listen to his stor>. "It was 20 years ago that T first had my attention drawn especially to raising potatoes. At that time I made) the assertion that I believed they could ho grown for 10c. a bushel. An old farmer and well nnainfi innn cniil it oo\il<1 not bo done. To show Hint I believed thoro were grounds for my assertion I offered to rent one-eighth of nn acre of land from him which lie agreed to, and I paid him fl! for the land, put it In good condition and sot out the sweet potato slips. "When fall came, and the potatoes wero dug lip, 1 bad my friend, Capt. Salley, with whom I had the conversation, to be present and measure the potatoes, and then go over every detail of cost. When we had completed the job we had 30 */2 bushels costing 1 1 % cents per bushel, every item of expense having been taken into consideration. "Some years ago after T moved near Union, S. C., I acquired a farm and two years ago when I noticed that I had some of the same kind of land on it, which was in cotton, and by the way, did not make a fourth of a bale to the acre, I decided to try , my hand again with potatoes. , "bast, year I experimented with , one-fourth of an acre and at the end , of the season harvested 12f> bushels , of as fine potatoes as one would like to see and eat! , j "That decided me to go into it a . little heavier this year, so in the fall , I sowed one bushel of rye on one and one-eighth acres, putting under it , 200 pounds of 10 per cent. acid. , About the latter part of March 1 . turned this under with a two-horse . turn plow, but did not have time to [ get the land in as good shape as I , wanted to, for the potato slips, which ? I had ordered beforehand came to mc p on April 20th, before 1 was ready, so r T had to hurriedly set two plows to work, make up the low beds, in row? about three feet apart, setting out thr 12,000 slips by hand, having eaeli slip watered as it was nut in tin ground. "That this was perhaps a little early in the season to sot, them out was proven, but quite a number ol " the plants being killed, seemingly bj 3 frost. The next step in the making 1 of my crop was having them plowe< * with a sweep about the middle o May, then on the J Oth of June, an< finally the last of June. Later the] R were hoed twice, and that was all the work there was to it until I had som< t of them dug the early part of August 1 T overlooked stating that the fertili ' zer T used was a special formula anal " yzing 7-5-5, of which I applied ahou " one ton to the acre and one-eighth, i costing me $32. "When I began to have the nota toes dug in August they were rathe 0 small, hut living near a large cottoi mill 1 found a ready market for then r at $1.20 per bushel. Tn September because more potatoes wore then hr ing placed on the market the pric went down to $1 a bushel, and ahou )- the middle of October to SOc pe a bushel. Taking into conslderatio o the difference in prices, and avorap w ing them up, T find that the total cro of 337 V2 bushols, by actual measure USED IN BATTLE SPANISH AEROPLANES DEFEAT MOORISH TRIbESMEN ? DROP BOBMS UPON THEM Moors Floo Heforo Spaniards at Mtiley Ahselain WLon Air Craft Prepares Way?United States Signal Corps Experts Are Interested in Experiment. A large force of Moorish tribesmen was routed with heavy loss Thursday by the Spanish troops at Muley Abselam, Spanish Morocco. Spanish military aviators threw the Moors into disorder with showers of bombs. The Spaniards attacked the Moors with a brigade of sharpshooters, a battalion of infantry, four batteries of artillery and a largo body of native auxiliaries. When the order for the general advance of the Spanish column was given the advance guard discovered several thousand Moorish mountaineers concealed in the irregularities of tho ground. A flotilla of military avintf?r? W.H ROIlt im t 11 rnnnti Fly moans of flag signals tho aviators guided tho column of Spanish troops. A heavy artillery lire was opened by the Spaniards without effect. The aviators then ascended to an altitude out of range of ritle lire and (lew directly over tho place where tho Moors were in tho greatest numbers. Then caino what the dispatch to tho Spanish war olllce describes as a "veritable rain of bombs, tossed by hand by tho airmen, into the midst of the Moors". After this bombardment tho Spanish infa.ntry charged with the bayonet and dislodged the Moors from their positions, causing them to lleo in great disorder, leaving large numbers of dead and wounded on the field. The Spanish troops also lost a considerable number of men, as the title fire of the tribesmen was very accurate. A dispatch from Washington says experts in the signal corps at tho war department heard with keen interest the report of the successful bomb dropping by the Spanish aviators in tho battle with tho Moors at Muley Abselam, Spanish Morocco, Thursday. "That is but another instance," said Col. Samuel lteber, in charge of aviation in the army, "of tho value of tho aeroplane in actual reconnaissance, and its uro as a weapon of of fence during nn attack. It confirms' the experience of other nations in using the aeroplane In actual warfare and is a practical demonstration of the uso of the aeroplane in a campaign." Other officers recalled that the usefulness of the aeroplane in bomb dropping first was demonstrated In the Italian-Turkish war, when Italian aviators claimed on several occasions to have dropped explosives on Turkish warships. It is presumed that the Spaniards flew lengthwise ovf>r the enemy's lines, and by continuous dropping of bombs while so flying had innumerable chances of hitting them. It was pointed out that the chances of dropping an aeroplano bomb on a battleship would be slight compared with the opportunity an airman would havo while flying lineally over a column of troops on land. merit, was disposed of at an average oi yuc per ousnei. 'As to tlio cost in detail, not allowing anything for rent of land, my books show it was as follows: Preaklng land for rye .. . 1.25 1 bushel of rye, broadcast .. 1,25 200 pounds of 16 per cent, acid 1.32 Turning under rye in March. 1.25 i Plowing and bedding 2.5 0 i One ton of 7-5-5 32.00 1 2,000 potato slips 24.00 Expressago 1.25 ! Setting out potato slips . . . . 2.50 i Cultivating three times .. .. i.r?o i Hoeing twice 3.00 i Gathering and marketing. .. 10.00 i Total $81.82 "Figured out roughly, this show? that my crop, not counting the 30 or ; i j?i ousneis mat r net love aro in the tl ground yet and may bo gathered, f| amounting to 337 1-3 bushels, have n brought me in $303.75 cash, and at C the total expense was $8 1.82, the not 1 cost averages about 21 1-3 cents pei f bushel, leaving me a net profit or 1 the one and one-eighth acres ol / $221.02! This is not bad when It ii 3 considered it was about the poorest 3 land I have on my place from the cot . ton planter's view, and would no1 - produce over one-fourth of a bale t( - tho aere, which even with the pres t ent. high price of 14c per pounc t would not be worth over $17.2.' gross, and if the expenses of makinj . it was figured out in as close dotal r as above on the potatoes it wouh n probably amount, to ever $20, or i ,-j net loss of several dollars!" Mr. Riley expects to go even mor s- heavily into potato raising next yeat o' and will be satisfied with nothing les t than 1,000 bushels on three acres r. and with the cost of production rang n ing near 10 cents per bushel, j- Resides being tho champion potat p raiser in his section, if not In th | entlro State, Mr. Riley Is also a pre ERROR GAVE HIM CHANCE CLKRK 8 KltltOIt FOUND WHICH KFI'T MAN FHKE. M(>?n\vhiIo Convlcte<I Mmi lias "Mad? CJood" and the Question of Punishment Worries Chicago. The orror of a filing clork in the ofTice of Judge Brontano In Chicago seven years ago, kept Josinia Tedford. a former policeman, from the penitentiary and gave him a chance to begin lifo anew. To-day he is superintendent and manager of one of the largest men's furnishing stores in Chicago. But now the error which kept him from prison has been discovered and the prison doors are yawning for the man who had apparently lived down his crime. The case is ono of the most unusual on record, involving the old problem of "social vs. legal justice." The error which kept. Tod ford from prison was very simple. When the mandate from the Supreme court was returned to Chicago, a new clerk slipped the papers into a pigeonhole instead of handing them to the trial judge. In this pigeonhole of fate the papers rested until a few days ago when a vindictive lawyer accusod Judge Bretano of partiality towards Tedford. An investigation revealed the paper and the case will now bo handled according to legal precedent. Joshua Tedford was a policeman. hi 11)0<1 ho was convictod on a charge of conspiracy to defeat justico by sending away Mabel howls, a witness for the Rtato in a case against William Illckey, charged with burglary, lie was sentenced by Judge Hretano to serve from one to live years in the penitentiary. Counsel for Todford appealed the verdict and the convicted man was allowed to remain at liberty under bonds while the case dragged its way through the Appellate and Supremo courts. In February, 1006, the Supreme Court affirmed the verdict and, but for the error in filing Tedford would havo been sent to prison. After his trial and admission to hail Tedford went to the clothing store and sought a position as floor detective. lie told of his conviction and appeal, and was hired. The managers of the store felt that he had been "railroaded by the police gang." Ho applied himself to business and advanced faster than his employers could advance his wages until ho finally became manager and superintendent and was entrusted with all the affairs of the business. His employers declare no had check ever gets by Tedford as he knows the crooks and cannot he duped. Ills friends declare he has accomplished for himself a more complete reform than comes from the usual long term of imprisonment and they are circulating a notition for his unrrtnn NECKO DITFICITI TY. Whiskey aiul Concealed Pistols Causa Tragedy in Chesterfield. Three Lancaster county negroes, Hob Robinson, Ellison Throatt and Ernest White, while returning Sunday night from a cliurch in Chesterfield county, became engaged in a difllculty on the Chesterfield sido of the river, near the Lancaster lino, with the result that Ernest White was shot to death by Ellison Threatt. Sheriff Hunter of Lancaster, who happened to bo in tho neighborhood, captured Threatt and turned him over to a magistrate's constable in, Chesterfield county. Sheriff Hunter states than the trouble was over whiskey and pistols, tho dead negro having two on l\is person and the other two, one cacti. ? Sign Peace Treaties. Secretary Bryan and Chevalier Von Rappard, the minister from the Neterlands, Thursday signed a peace treaty for tHoir two nations. Netheris tlic first European country to agree to Secretary Bryan's peace plan. Robbery in Chester. The store of J. V/. Bankhead & . Son, at Stover, Chester county, was broken into and robbed Sunday even, ing. It is generally understood that . the thief got off with considerable , booty. ? ^ . Saved by Safety Device. ? A serious wreck was prevented at .Toilet, 111., Thursday by an automat * it derailment switch, which sent a i runaway freight train into the ditch f barely in time to allow a passenger * flyer to shoot by. t grosslvo farmer in many other ways, 1 planting long staple cotton exclu* sively, which is something out of the ordinary for farmers in this part of ; the South, and last year made ever a * halo to the acre, which he sold at ' 1 1 VI'c per pound when other cotton was bringing about 10M?c. Born in Orangeburg county 55 ^ years ago, and having been unite successful in farming, and in the more cantilo business, but never having a ', good opportunity to specialize on s sweet potato culture, Mr. Riley now 3. Intends to fulfil the dream of many years as to what he can do along that line, and he expects within the noxt o few years to establish records for e even larger and moro profitable >- yields.