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3 TELLS OF PtLLAliiU NOTED LUNDON DOCTOR SAYS IT IS CAUSED BY THE BUFFALO GNAT PEST ? SamlxMi, on Visit to America, Studies Pellagrins at Columbia and Makes Talk to Professional Men, in Which Ho Advances New Theory as to Its Cause. Louis W. Sambon, M. I), of London, Eng., professor in the London School of Tropical Medicine, in the auditorium of the State Hospital for the Insane, at Columbia, Tuesday night outlined in tin intimate manI nor his conclusion concerning the disease known as pellagra and his methods of reaching these conclusions. He said that ho was of the opinion that pellagra is caused hy the bite of the buffalo gnat, which inhabits streams of water, but in order that this might he established beyond a doubt, Dr. Sambon said that many more facts should be gathered. Drs. Sambon, Grimm and Garrison spent a busy day in Columbia. During the morning they visited typical cases of pellagra in the private practice of various physicians. The afternoon was given over chiefly to observation of pellagrins in institutions particularly Columbia hospital and the State Hospital for the Insane. 11. W. Rico, M. 1). had the visitors exnmlne cases he had under treatment at Epworth orphanage. After the public session in the evening, held at the State Hospital for the insane, the distinguished guests were entertained by tho Columbia Medical society at a smoker at Ridgewood club. Dr. Sanvbon left early Wednesday for Washington. He will be joined on the way by J. F. Siler, M. D. of the public hcalt hserviee, and the two pollagrologists, after conferring together in Washington with Rupert Blue, surgeon general, regarding the project to hold in this country next year an international conference on pellagra, will proceed to the British West Indies. Occurrences of pellagra in that quarter will be studied, with special attention to the Jamaican and Barbadian types. Dr. Louis \V. Sambon is a man of medium height, of sturdy build, and is strikingly Italian in appearance, with gray-black hair, heavy black eyebrows, a curling gray-black mustache and dark eyes. He is exceedingly gracious in manner and speaks with an Italian accent and only an occasional Hritticism, all of which is explained by the fact that ho was I born of Fronch-Knglish parents in Italy and lived in that country for a number of years. l)r. Sambon seemed delighted with Columbia and other places he had visited since his coming to America, and said just before his lecture that ho regretted that he did not have the opportunity of seeing more of this country on his first visit here. "I have been very busy since 1 arrived here, as you know," said the distinguished physician. About two hundred persons, men and women, professional men and laymen, heard Dr. Sambon lecturo in the auditorium of the State Hospital t for the Insane Tuesday night. .T. W. Rabeoek, M. D., superintendent of the hospital introduced the lecturer, ' who was here under the ausnices of tho South Carolina Medical association, the Columbia Medical society, and tho regents of tho State Hospital for the Insane. A hearty greeting vrns ' given Dr. Sambon. At the outset Dr. Sambon gave gave credit in a largo measure to J. W. Dabcock, M. D., and to J. J. Watson, M. D. of Columbia, for what he had come to know of pellagra. He said that he had not come to this ^country to lecturo but to learn. ? Mr. Joseph C. Barbot, who has been a member of tho Charleston Evening Post staff for sevoral years, has been elected Clerk o.' the Council of that city. Mr. Barbot is a most excellent gentleman and we congratulate him on being chosen to fill such an important olllee, which he will fill to tho entire satisfaction of tho public. f There seems to bo much trouble in this baliwlck among tho heretofore supporters of Oovornor Blease. Some of them are at dagger's points over the dispensary spoils, and now it is * rumored about that some of the heretofore faithful are to he thrown out into utter darkness for wandering off into forbidden paths in the municipal election. As if wo have not enough to worry "us already, some guy over in Europe 'makes the statement that tho world has nearly reached the limit of production, and that in a hundred years from now there will not be bread 'enough made to feed the population of the globe. As most of us will he gone before that timo, it is no use to worry. " The Spartanburg Herald laments 'the passing of tho watormelon. iV Human Life Too Cheap. A few days ago over In Hampton County an ofttccr of the law, after arresting a negro under a warrant, was sitting down in the depot engaged in conversation with a minister of the Gospel when a white man and his son walked up and began shooting at him and kept on until they had done him to death. After the bloody 'cod, the perpetrators surrendered and when asked for their version of the affair the father referred the inquirer to his attorney, who when seen said he had nothing to say except that the shooting was done in "self-defence". In commenting on this murder the Lancaster News says "it seems that the only cause of the killing was that the otlicor, in the discharge of his duty, about a year before, had taken a pistol from one of tho men, who was carrying it illegally. Such coldblooded murders as this tire happening all over South Carolina, from time *o time, and it Is rare that there is a conviction and when there is, it Is usually for murder, with recommendation to mercy, or manslaughter, which means a term in tho penitentiary, which in turn, after a comnnrtiflvnltr limn l? i'ui '?u ivij hiiv/i v tllilC) IS 1U1IU W CU ,U y a pardon. "la il not about time that tlio lawabiding, peace-loving people of the State should be thinking seriously of how very, very cheap human life is in South Carolina? What is tho matter with out people, anyway? Such conditions do not prevail in the North, East, or West, and indeed in very few of the Southern States. Public sentiment seems to bo on tho side of the murderers. Why is it there is not a contrary sentiment? In our judgment the law-abiding element of the State is too much 'at ease in Zion\ and is permitting the lawless element to mould public opinion. "Our people are too timid to take a stand?too much afraid of injuring their popularity, their pocketbooks or their persohs. It is a serious condition that confronts us as a people. There must he a change in public sentiment or things will go from bad to worse. Tt is high time that patiotlc men and women, and there are plenty of them in the State, should begin to make themselves heard in no uncertain terms. Let a crusade begin at once against the manslayer." We commend what our Lancaster cotemporary says to the juries, who alone can stop tho carnival of blood. GEORGIA LEADS THE WOULD + Has More Homicides Than Any Other Place on the Globe. A dispatch from Atlanta says with fourteen murder trials confronting the Fulton county superior court this fall, and tlie heavy criminal dockets 111 vMin-i inn-* ui me suite, ueorgia has (ho melancholy distinction of loading tho world i nhomicidos. Of courso, it must ho taken into consideration that tho majority of thorn are among tho negroes, hut by no moans all of them are. It is a fact that more homicides have boon committed in Fulton county alone during tho past month tha nduring any past month in the county's history. Hero murders have boon committed in Georgia with its three million people in tho past year than in tho entire Ilritish Islos with their sixty millions. ? ^ II HURON CJKTS PROMOTION + . Hrothcr of Mrs. Taft Who Voted for Wilson Against Taft. Mflll ri tt ? ^ - - - >> 111 v,. nfrron, ot uincmnattl, who la tho brother of ex-president Taft'a wife, is now assistant atorney general in the department of justice at a salary of $3,500 a year, and will probably be appointed assistant attorney general at a salary of $5,00 0 a year. Mr. Hcrron is a Democrat, and it is said that ho voted for President Wilson against his brother-in-law as a matter of political principle. Ho was appointed as an attorney in the department of justice by Attorney-General Wickersham at tho request ot President Taft. Two Killed in Auto.. Mrs. TT. J. Forney and Mrs. D. M Bock, of Harrlsburg wore killed and F. M. Bock and two members of his i.Miniv were seriously Injured whor their automobile was atruck by * Reading train near Harlsburg, Pa. Aro there any children in Orange burg who will not be ablo to attorn tho public schools this term because their parents aro una,blo to provide the required books and tho necessarj clothing? If so, these things shoulc bo provided. Somo men who aro prominent ir politics now, will go back to theii natural places after the next election Then they will be very small potatoei Indeed. There are a few of then hereabouts. ? ? The Lancaster News thinks thai "Professor Fibber, the Dane, who is said to have a now theory about can cer, inay havo truth in tho claim but his name is certainly agalnsi him." ? An increase in education and a de crease in crime are two of South Cnr olina's greatest needs Just at thii time. BREAKS ALL RECORDS I COTTON' CJINNKO I P TO FIRST OF THIS MOTNlf, A mount is Greater Than litis Kvor ltecn Known Hefore so Farly in the Season. The greatest quantity of cotton ever ginned in the period prior to September 1 was reported by the census bureau Tuesday, when It was announced 704.000 bales, counting round as half bales, of the growtli of 1013, had been put out from the ginneries throughout tho South since the beginning of tho ginning season. The heavy ginnings for vhis first period of tho season are the result of an early maturing of tho crop and of an effort of the farmers to boat the boll weevil, In tho opinion of census bureau officials. All states reported an Increased growing for tho period over last year's total for that time with tho exception of Texas and North Carolina. Last year to September 1 there had been ginned 5.4 per cent, of the entire crop; in 1911 the quantity was 5 per cent. This compared with 730,935 bales last year to September 1, 771,297 bales in 1911, and 353,011 bales in 1910. Round bales included in this report numbered 7,584, compared with 7,43 1 for last year. Sea island bales included 130, compared with 23 2 for last year. Ciinning by states to September 1 : Strifes 1 '< 1 ** i o i ? Alabama 4 1, r? 2 5 1 2,824 Arkansas 2,200 81 Florida 2,956 1,82 2 Cleorgia 72,022 34,520 Louisiana 7,500 1,72 1 Mississippi 2,027 442 North Carolina . . 188 674 Oklahoma 4,043 323 South Carolina . . 7,272 4,260 Tennosseo 0 Texas 040,004 674,240 All other states . . 4 2 Totals 704,000 730,035 Why Does Co-operation Fail? iFor some reason or reasons co-operation in buying and selling has not proved the success in this country that it has in some other countries, ICngland in particular. Here and there the experiment has done fairly well, but they are tlie exception. Perhaps one hindrance has been the lack of homogeneity in our American population, due principally to tho large influx of foreign peoples. Probably another reason may bo found in the characteristic independence of the average citizen, which has its advantages, hut which also tends occasionally to lack of harmony of working something very essential to secure success In co-operation. Still, the cooperative movement makes some head \vn V Iliul the Pvnni'lmont mri/ln by some of the Chicago University professors and some business men in that city is attracting considerable interest. The business has been in operation for a year now and the results are said to be very gratifying as there has been a great saving in cost of things purchased. There can be no doubt that the co-operative system when properly managed does not cheapen the cost of living, something much to bo desired in this day of soaring prices. The main thing is to guard against, being too ambitious and plunging too heavily into buying and selling. Co-operation is one of those lines, as tho English co-operators found, that has to bo extended cautiously?feeling the way , so to speak. ? Confidentially, we don't mind saying that neither McLaurin or Rem1 bert will succeed to tho governnor ship. Neither will HUeaso be United 1 States Senator. After the next pri' mary theso gentlemen can organizo a condolence society and sympathize with each other. Judge Clary, in his charge to the grand jury here, was eminently right when he said "What was needed was * severo dealing with crime on the part I of jurors. Hundreds of crimes are * committed with the plea of self-de* fenso as the defenso. Crime is rapidly * becoming greater than the law." Gentlemen of the jury, it is up to you. ? t .....1 I... <24 n?1-1 x ,hm u ?_> nmniK iTillKi 1 At Cincinnati Frederick N. Butch3 or, former saloon keeper Tuesday 3 shot his wife and then himself, and ? fired at a negro woman and tried to 1 kill another woman. /Butcher is dead and his wife is fatally injured. l Two Thousand Homeless, r Hot Springs, Ark., was swept by . fire Friday night, and loss to the 3 amount of six million dollars is ostil mated. Twenty-five hundred homeless citizens are receiving temporary I protection, t ^ Whole Family Cremated. At Bridgeport, 111., Albert Oolden, burg, his wife and four childrno were t burned to death Tuesday morning, when fire destroyed their homo. ? ? All of the Republican Senators ex cept two fought hard to defeat the 3 tariff bill, hut the friends of the masses were too strong for them. | Hlease Helps the Kueiny. Governor lHeaso, while claiming to bo a Democrat, never loses an opportunity to help the Republican cause all ho can by criticising and holding up to public ridicule the Democratic Administration. Ho opposed President Wilson's nomination, and since his election ho has done all ho could to belittle and Injure the President with the people. The Republican newspapers publish what Governor Hlease says about the Democratic Administration under scare heads to show what a Democratic (Jovernor thinks of tho Democratic ! Administration. They hope in this way to hurt tho Democratic party in tho election next year. While in Washington recently Governor Hlease was interviewed by Tho Post, a newspaper that has no use for the Democratic Administration. In talking of President Wilson Governor Hlease said: "While I am a Democrat, I am ashamed to contemplate that the President is the only man who ever sat in the White House who advised that his countrymen should run away from danger that threatened their property or their lives." The Governor went on to say that "if there were any one other than Wilson in the White House, we should have long ago had peace in Mexico, and made Huerta come to terms." It would seem from the above that Governor Hlease would have President Wilson and the Democratic Administration to plunge this country in war with Mexico to protect the property of tho big trusts, who have gone down to exploit Mexico. He would have thousands of our young men killed down there lighting the Mexicans so as the big American trusts that own tho mines and railroads in Mexico could continue to j draw dividends. These millionaires have pone down there to make money, and they should take their chances with other people in Mexico, as they are all treated alike. Mexico has a revolution on her hands, and the unstable government find it difficult to protect the property and lives, not only of Americans, but of Mexicans, Englishmen, Germans, and every other kind of people living down there. As Americans are treated the same as Mexicans and other people, the United States has no cause to go to war with Mexico. Therefore, President Wilson tells the Americans, the millionaires and those who work for them, that they had better return to tho United States until the revolution is over and a stable government is restored. This is all there is to Governor Please's charge that President Wilson has "advised that his countrymen should run away from danger that threatened their property or their lives." It may or may not be true, as Governor Please says, "if there were any one other than Wilson in the White House, we should long ago had peace in Mexico." Abler men than Governor Please have expressed tho opinion that a war between Mexico and this country would last for many years, because the Mex icans would not ligbt up openly, but carry on n guerrilla warfare. Any kind of a war with Mexico would cost the United States hundreds of millions of dollars and thousands of her very best young men, who would be killed or die from disease while fighting the Mexicans. There is no doubt about this, whatever doubt there may be of compelling peace in Mexico by the force of arms. This is too great a price to pay for the benefit of the trusts that have their money invested in Mexico, and we are glad that President Wilson looks at the matter as he does. Tie knows that Mexico has given us no cause to go to war with her. It is very easy for men like Governor Please, who would not be called upon to do any of the fighting, to prate about war, and abuse President Wilson for refusing to plunge this country in a war with Mexico for the sole benefit of the trusts, but thoughtful men, knowing that thousands of our young men would be sacrificed in such a war, honor President Wilson for the stand he takes against war. Who of us in Orangeburg County want, our sons to go to Mexico to feed Mexican bullets in order that the American trusts doing busineps in Mexico can continue to make big dividends? Let us be thankful that we have a Christian man in the President's office. ? Queer Mode of Suicide. At St. Paul, Minn., Paul Cook, 25 years old, a farmer from Glengary, Saskatchewan. rnmmlUn/i .. ?y ?vl?.utvwu OUIUIUU Tuesday at the union station there by placing liis neck on a rail beneath, a. moving train. "Letters in Cook's pockets from Ills parents in Pennsylindicated ho had been ill. Kxposion in Ihink. More than twenty persons were injured, three buildings were partly wrecked and windows within a radius of half a milo were shattered Wednesday by the explosion of a bomb In tho doorway of tho prlvato bank of Alexander Conforti, on South Halsted street, Chicago. The Columbia States says there are six hundred homicides a year In qnu mi parol inn fpl* - * t ? * - wvuvH uiiiuium. iiiw nousion rost says "if South Carolina is a fair average that would moan 50,000 a year in tho United States, or a record worse than that tho Mexicans are. making now." I SAYS HE IS DEVIL S ALLY I ? CRAZY MAN SLAYS FAMILY AND FIFTEEN OTHERS. I ? The Maniac Was Heavily Armed and I "se<l His Huns With Deadly Ell'ect on Many. At Muelhauson, Germany, fifteen were killed when a school teacher i named Wagner ran amuck Thursday night with several revolvers and a plentiful supply of ammunition. Eight persons died shortly after Wagner opened up his fusilade and seven others of twenty he had wounded died Friday. Wagner previously had killed his wife and four children in the nearby town of Degerloch, and t then came to Fuelhausen to contiune t ills d.eadly work. t. When Wagner finally was overpow ered by infuriated townspeople with r clubs and pitchforks it was believed i he was insane. A commission of ex- ( amining judges after an hearing when Wagner rationally answered f their questions, declared the murder- j er normal, mentally. Although Wag- y ner's arm had to bo amputated De- } causo of wounds his condition Is said j not to be dangerous. Ho had 3 00 c cartridges when he opened fire upon K the townspeople and of these he fired j 80. t The maniac took refuge in a stable, f where lie killed all the cattle. He s was finally overpowered, after he had exhausted all the 250 cartridges with i which he had provided himself. The ^ enraged villagers wreaked their von- c (ranimn nnAn Li?vt L.? 1 .. I? K I l. 2 tji ii 1111 ii v v in 1111111 f; ii i ill | and stabbing him with pitchforks. \ Ho will probably dio. When he en- ^ tered Muelhausen it was not known < that ho was a fugitive murderer. It f was only after the wild scenes which \ had been enacted that the police went t to his apartment in Degcrloch, where ^ he has been teaching, and found the i bodies of his wife and children. f After ho had set fire to the ftrst f building in the village Wagner open- t ed fire with his revolvers on every i one he met or who appeared at the c windows of the houses. The villagers < believed the place had been attacked ? by a band of robbers. Some of them 1 rushed to the church and furiously 1 rang the bells, while others dashed l off to the nearest barracks and asked fl for assistance by the troops. i In the meantime a village police- 1 man, backed up by some of the more 1 courageous eiti'.ec.s Tithed on Wagner, who stood in the middle of the f main street with a mas* over his f face and an army revolver in each < hand and another pair in reserve in i his belt. The policeman was twice f wounded by bullets, hut continued to 1 run toward Wagner, although armed 1 only with a sabre. He finally reach- t ed and felled the maniac while he was reloading his revolver. Wagner continued tho fight while on the ground and wounded tho policeman a third time. Some peasants armed with rustic weapons then reached the scene and fractured his skull as well as severing one of his hands. Wagner was known to be a heavy drinker, but his acquaintances in tho neighborhood had no suspecion of his madness. He appears to have contemplated his j deed for a long time. Before leaving Degerloch, where he had killed his wife and four children, he forwarded a rambling letter to a Stuttgart newspaper in which he wrote: "I believe there is no God. I am the devil's ally. I wish I could torture every one within reach of my pistol, but I know I can't get all. I have slept for years with a dagger and a revolver beneath my pillow." Meets a Tragic Death. ' News was received at Johnston, Tuesday of the death of Mr. Hudson Temples, at Dublin, Oa., Friday morning. Mr. Temples was working at a ginnery and in some way got raiigni in me machinery and was ( mangled badly. Death was almost j Instantaneous. His parents were no- j titled and left at once for Dublin. Mr. , Temples was a young man and only < recently married a girl of Dublin, Ga. , * * 1 Lightning Kills Two. ( Che8ley Williams, son of a proml- 1 nent merchant, was seated in a chair ( in a barber shop at (Bridgeboro, a ' small town fourteen miles south of ? Sylvester, Ga., Saturday afternoon 1 being shaved by John Barksdale, pro- ( prietor of the ostahHshmonf ? < >V1IV| TV I 1^7 If (I I bolt of lightning struck tho shop, < killing .both Instantly. ( Tho roal true-blue Democrats of ( Louisiana should hegin a campaign ( now to retire the two so-called Dem- i ocrats that represent that State in i the TTnltod States Senate. The fact ( that they voted against tho tariff bill ( shows that they only claim to bo t Democrats at homo to fool tho peo- i plo of Louisiana into sending them ( to tho Senate. * f Senator Tioses His Cano. j Tho Washington correspondent of < Tho News and Courier says somo 1 days ago Senator Tillman was relieved of a $15 silver headed walking stick, which he left on a bench In the Union 1 Station there. The Senator Is very i anxious to recover his stolen property 1 and has asked tho Washington police ( to And It. c (LLP GUI IIIIS SLID N FIRST CLASS GtlMliTll NS IS THE ADVICE OL WATSON 10 FAKM1.KS Ic Would Impress I'pun tLie Cotton Growers of the State that They Take All Possible Care of Their Seed before Offering Them on the 4 Market. An appeal to the cotton growers of he State to sco that all cotton seed lelonging to them is kept in a high lass condition and outlining the benfits of the grades of cotton seed in marketing as agreed upon has been ssued by Commissioner of Agriculure E. J. Watson. Says the appeal: "Tills circular is addressed to you or the purpose of most earnestly ap>ealing to you to see that all cotton eed belonging to you is kept in as ligh-class condition as posible until t is offered for sale on the markets >f the State. It is an appeal to you alo to see that if you should have any >articularly bad seed coming from ho gin to keep that seed separate roni your good seed and offer it sepirately on the markets. "This department has closely sttided the cotton seed buying and sellit nation in this State for some years md is convinced that under the raplaznrd methods used heretofore vliere farmers mix indiscriminately food and bad seed, and where they lo not mix it the local buyer does so, md where seed is left exposed to thevent her either on the farm or in ransportation, the farmer loses a freat deal of money 011 the price that 10 should receive for his seed. The? lepartment is likewise convinced roni similar study of conditions that he manufacture of indiscriminately nixed seed results in the putting up>n the markets of inferior qualities if cotton seed meal, in many instances totally unfit for feed purloses and that the manufacturer on lis side from oil and inferior by iruuucis iuh^h eonsiaerauio money, ind is consequently not warranted in. n paying to the farmer for the raw naterial more than he has heretofore inder these conditions. ?'I would imiiress upon the cotton rrowers of the State that they take ill possible care of their seed before? iffering them on the market, and in. 10 instance undertake either to mix mod and luAseed themselves or pernit any middleman through whom hey sell to the mill to do so for hem. "The department lias long felt the leed of a practical and thorough svsem of grading cotton seed by the lovernment itself, for the interest oF ill parties concerned in the matter of irodueing, buying and selling seed,, md in this end a division of this, lepartment to he known as the division of cotton seed grading, has leen established. Accompanying this ircular is a copy of the rules and egulations covering the grading system adopted. As will be seen, the igreement with the manufacturer -alls for the acceptance of the seed md the payment therefor in accorlance with the grading made by this lepartment. In its laboratory. T have mdeavored in the preparation of hose rules and regulations to throw very posible precaution around the mtire matter in order to insure a. naximum of profit to the producer md to the consumer alike, and in orler to greatly benefit the character >f the products that, will result from he manufacture. T do not attempt, o say that the system adopted will irove absolutely satisfactory this icnson for it has been done nowhere dse. and there must ho n oortoir. .. V\ I nun |/C1 " od of practical experimentation in irder to obtain perfection. Everyhing that could be desired however, n advance of the actual experience villi the system has been adopted. Should changes be necessary during tho season those changes will bo nade. If the farmers disregard tho earnest appenl that I have made lieren of course they may expect to re;elve cut-throat prices that have prevailed in the past T would most itrongly advise that all rotten seed ic held apart, from all other classes if seed and be returned to the soil 'or fertilizing purposes without being iffered on the market at all. "The step that has been taken is lesigned to be of tho material tlnanial benefit to the producer, to tho 'onsumer and to such live stock as nay be fed on cotton seed meal subsequently?when again tho farmer mn not 1\" ^ n # XUIIUL Kill ll't'l 111 <1 II naneiai way the effort of bad soon. T trust therefore hat evory farmer of the State will watch his sood from time to time it. 'omos from tho pin and will ovon po io far as to keep tho had rotton from soinp to the pin at tho same time as ;ood rotton. If this advice ho heedMi I fool sure that tho results will ho 'ar reaehinp." ? Tho nation's greatest asset, our joys and girls, will soon ho on tho narch to the school houses and colopes. Parents, see that your littlo >nes are In tho procession on tho jpcning day.