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LAWYERS RULE leakers ef Ike Legal Prefessiea Rn Ike Uaiteel Slates as Ike FIGURES AMPLY PROVE ^ i The Ordinary Business Ban Mann* facturer or Agriculturalist Has IJttle to Say or Do in the Manage ment of this Great and Glorious Nation. The government of the United States is run by the lawyers. The statistics on this point are overwhelming and leaves no doubt that the ordinary business man, manufacturer or agriculturalist has little to say in the affairs of the nation. How completely tho present congress is in the hands of the lawyers may be judged by the fact that they number more than 65 per cent of its total members, says the Washington correspondent of the Atlanta Constitution. Of the 4 80 members of both senate and house, 8 04 are lawyers. A few of the others have been trained in the law, but are now engaged in other occupations. The judicial branch of the gocernment is, of course, given over entirely to lawyers. But the same Is almost true of tho executive branch. President Taft is a lawyer. So are Secretaries Knox, MaoVeagh, Dickinson, Wickersham, Hitchcock, Fisher and Nagei. Thus of the nine members of the cabinet, seven have bad a legal train ing. In congress the lawyer Is kins beyond dispute. In the senate there are 32 Republican lawyers and the same number of democratic lawyers. Tn the house the republicans have ninety-nine lawyers and the democrats 145 Tihus 70 per cent of the senators are members of the bar and 63 per cent of the representatives. The representation of other occupations in congress 4b ho small as to be insignificant as compared with the army of lawyers. In both houses combined there are only twenty-six merchants, twenty-four farmers, twenty-three editors and twelve manufacturers. Of course, many of the lawyers in congress are also engaged in other occupations, such as banking, real estate, manufacturing and agriculture, and many of them are assoeiateed with large industrial corporations. But in classifying the occupations of members of congress for the purposes of this article, each man has been put down under the vocation in which he is principally ?engaged. Here is a table which shows the occupations of United Stttes senators in the present congress: Occupation of Senators. Repub- Demolican. cratic. Bawyers 3 2 3 2 Merchants 4 2 Farmers 1 3 Manufacturers. . . 3 0 Editors 1 2 Capitalists 3 0 Bankers 1 0 Physicians 1 0 Cattle raisers. ... I 0 Mine owner. ... 0 1 Lumber 1 0 Occupation not given 3 0 In the house of representatives the diversity of occupations is greater % after the big list of lawyers Is passed. Twenty three different lines of business are represented in the house, according to the official director, and twenty-nine members do not state their occupations. Here is the table: Occupation of Representatives. Repub- Demolican. cratic. 1j awyers 9 9 145 Farmers 9 14 Merchants 11 9 Editors 8* 12 Manufacturers. . . 4 j 5 T.nmhor 4 4 I i ? I Real estate. ... 4 2 Physicians 1 4 Rankers 6 1 Teachers 1 2 Hatters 0 2 Coal operators... 2 0 Miners 0 ? 2 Cattle raisers. . . 1 1 Telegraph oper . . 1 1 Ironmonger. ... 1 0 { Builder 1 0 1 Printer 1 0 1 Oil operator. . . 0 I 1 Ironworker. ... 0 1 Hotel keeper. ... 0 1 1 Author 0 1 1 Naval architect. . . 0 1 f Occupation not giv,en 16 13 Includes one socialist. The naval architect mentioned in i the above table is Richmond Pear- 1 son Hobson, of Alabama. The an- i thor is E. W. Townsend, of New I Jersey, and the Iron worker is Frank t Buchanan, of Illinois, and the build- 1 er and hotel-keeper are William M. 1 Calder and George H. Lindsay, of t New York, respectively. He Died a Hero. After saving eleven lives in a gas d explosion and fire in a building op- c posite the Detroit, Mich., central po- a lice station, Police Lieutenant Henry p Walpole staggered to the street early n Thursday morning and fell dead, stif- f focated by smoke. * # WOULD HEAR BLEASE. Refused Holiday and Mill Workers Take it Anyhow. /The workers in the Ware Shoals Manufacturing Company, located at Ware Shoals, have given the management notice that they do not intend to work Thursday when Governor Blease speaks at Ware Shoals . The mill workers had asked for a holiday in order to hear the speech by Governor Blease, but the miil management refused to shut down for the day. Then the mill workers gave notice of their intention to leave the mill for the day. The men are quoted as saying: "We are going to hear Governor Blease. The mill will have to do I" ? ?? ni/inc,n wiiiiout lie. uuvt'i uur ur?nsv speaks Thursday at Ware Shoals. The president of the Ware Shoals Manufacturing Company Is 13. D. Reiigel, of the Reigels who own the Relgal Sack Company, of Jersey City, N. J. The mill is located near the Saluda River. There will he given a picnic Thursday and on this occasion the Governor will speak. A telegram Wednesday afternoon indicates that two mills will close Thursday for the speaking at Ware Shoals. 10,000 LUTHERANS WORSHIP. Church's Largest Service Since the Days of Luther. What was declared to have been the largest Lutheran devotional service since the days of Martin Luther was held in the Coliseum at St. Louis Sunday afternoon, where 10,000 persons gathered to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of the Rev. Dr C. F. W. * ? 1 - 111 1 1 il. wanner, wno is creuneu wmi reviving the Lutheran Church in the United States. The celebration was in connection with the celebration there of the Missouri Synod of the Lutheran Church, comprising 3,000 eoncregations in the United States with a membership of 900,000. A oil or lis of 4,000 voices, including 3,000 children and student of Concordia Seminary, founded by Dr. Walther, in St. Louis, sang and an orchestra of seventy-five pieces, made up of all the local Lutheran churches, played. Socialism in Kngland. Although Croat Britain is hnown in history as a monarchial nation, vet she has marched a long distance from individualism to paternalism in government during the last fifty years. The old idea that the internal function of government was mainly to perform police duty is discarded entirely by all sections in parliament. This was conclusively seen in the favorable reception accorded the government measure of insurance against sickness and non-einployinent by which 1 4,000,000 of people will affected. Conservatives, nationalists and laborites vied with the liberals in their enthusiastic support. The experiment will be watched with great interest on this side of the water where the question of sickness and non-employment among working people. even if not so pressing as in England, is one of increasing importance. Anyway, the new collectivism with its solitude for the welfare of the masses is infinitely better than the old system which practically ignored them while it favored the aristocracy with its feudal power and usage. Clark, Wilson ainl Harmon. A poll of editors by the St. Louis Republic, which was recently ttken, shows that fifty of the one hundred editors, who replied, favor Champ Clark as the Democratic Presidential J I J _ l - l_ II ..1 _ 1 4 J?.. CHiiuiuaie in uie ntJAL eieutiuu. uuvernor Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey, is next, and Governor Harmon, of Ohio, is third. A Very OI<l Horse. E. S. Richardson, of Tyler, N. IT., drives a horse that is known to he at least 3 9 years old. It is the last horse that Dr. Gage, of Briar Hill and Concord, owned, and it was (given to Mr. Richardson by the doctor's daughter, Mrs. Morrill, 16 years ago. The horse is in fine condition for its age. ? Bold Masked Bobbers. At Los Angeles, Lack Doyle's ] lolnnn fnntnna a a a fralnlnir pamil 7lll\/v/ll I lUIHVUO V* IV VI M 1 II I II p W??>At ]/ J ror prize fighters was held up Wed- j riesday night by two masked robbers. , rhe robbers stood seven men, includ- , ng a eonsta.ble, against a wall, rob>ed and then locked their victims in , die rear yard which is surrounded by i fence. The bandits escaped. j Fell and Itrokc His Neck. John Strong, colored, while walk- i ng the Seaboard track entering Co- f umbia from North, caught his foot i n the cross ties and fell and broke lis neck, according to his antenvor- r em statement. Coroner Walker, i lowever, holds his companion, Wal- f ace Rustin, to await further inves- i igation. * p ? ? it Want Case Reopened. Attorney General Lyon was Thurs- < lay requested by the new dispensary 1 oniniission to proceed with the case Lgainst the Richland Distilling com- \ any for the recovery of the judg- \ aent of approximately $700,000 8 ound a year ago .by the old dispen- t ary commission. * <3 WHAT IT HAS DONE GREAT AND GOOD WORK DONE BY THE FARMERS' UNION. President Barrett Points Out What This Grand Organization Has Done for the Farmer. To the Officers and Members of the Farmers' Union: A new epoch was written in American history when the Farmers' UnInn honanio a trnlv ntifinnnl nri'flnl /HUtion. Other associations of farmers had preceded it. But they had fallen by the sword of partisan politics or had failed to hitch enthusiasm to the harvest?so they fell. I speak advisedly when I say that the Farmers' Union is the first organization in history to successfully join theory tfith practice, to begin the movement of weeding the politicians from the innermost councils of the farmer, and to impress upon the Latter that the Improvement of his lot rests not in the hands of some far-off "uplifter" or hy-by-night reformer, but with himself. Today the world asks less for rhetoric and more for results. This is a very slight summary of what we have accomplished together with a state ment of what we yet hope, with the aid of the Almighty and our own courage, to accomplish: We have 1,02 8 warehouses, mainly for storing cotton. Mississippi leads the warehouse movement, with a million-dollar corporation. We own and operate a large number of elevators and terminal agencies for the handling of grain. We own and operate 245 packing houses. Wo own and operate dozens of newspapers. We own and operate coal mines. We own and operate several banks, flour mills, creameries, pickle factories, several hundred stores, an implement factory, a phosphate plant, a phosphate mine. We own and operate tobacco factories and warehouses, produce exchanges, fertilizer factories, peanut warehouses, a peanut recleaner, many cotton grading schools, co-operative life and fire insurance companies. Any number of other general business agencies are owned or controlled by members of the Farmers' Union. In (his connection, it must not be forgotten that the Union does not officially own these concerns. We are not a close corporation. In <every instance, ownership or control rests in individual members, consorting together for their own benefit. That is tlie true spirit of co-operation. He fore this order was organized, statistics showed that 70 per cent, of the farmers in the South were blighted with the curse of the mortgage. We have cut down the percentage by one-half, and our work in that direction has hardly begun. Tliie influence of the Farmers' Union is written upon many of the best laws put in recent years upon state and national statute 'hooks. In many states we have secured radical increases in public school appropriations. In many of the states the Farmers' Union has been instrumental in the establishment of agricultural colleges. Other important legislation, state and national, now pending, is an indication of the resistless influence of the organization among American farmers. We have made systematic canvasses of the various legislatures, and of several successive sessions of congresses. There is a new viewpoint in Washington toward the American farmer?and the might, of the Farmers' Union, demonstrated in elections, is responsible for it. These achievements are the outward sign of a great new movement in American agriculture. But they are not comparably important to the spirit of fraternity which we have wrought up among tho farmers of this nation. It is fraternity, appealing to intelligence, that has wrought this progress. And the same force i will develop in a thousand unex- : pected directions to solve the prob- I lems of the American farmer. isouioie among toe triumpns 01 the organization is that one which 1 has brought a social awakening among the farmers. In many states It has brought thousands of white women and children out of the cotton fields into the schools and the homes ?where they belonig. Had it done nothing else, the existence thus far 3f the Farmers' Union would have seen justified by this transformation, ;hat is merely in its beginning. I cite these facts as the basis of in argument that now is the time 'or every American farmer to aftllate with, this organization. s It has passed the stage of experiment. It is an assured, an acliiev- o ng, nsrmanent institution. Every h armer, however small, who joins it, h ncreases his own power by the or- v rnntvail miaflit At' I) la 111 ran million It )aiu/i^u uiigiiu vi ii iq win w uiiiiiuu " >rethren. p If we have saved many millions for p >ur 'members .by co-operation and v eglslation if we have defeated sev- p iral congressmen who were tin- e vorthy of office, several senators who f< vere untrue to pledges; if we have a jradually instilled into our people, h >y gruelling, persistent labor, the loctrine of business methods in s I SENATOR TILLMAN ? DENIES STORIES ABOUT HIS HEALTH BEING BAD. Will Not Go to Washington During This Session Unless He Is Urgently Needed. Your correspondent called on Senator Tillman at his home at Trenton recently. Discussing the repeated stories about Ivis bad health, the Seuator said: "These yarns are so evidently sot afloat by those who do not like me and are anxious for the time to come when my obituary shall be really written and not recalled by the managing editors, as was the case when I was last taken ill in February, 11)09, that I feel It is due my friends to say that as far as 1 can judge my health is slowly but steadily improving. As the appearances go I ought to .be strong and vigorous, but physically I am very weak. But T n?n Rtrnni* pnnnirli tn walk nvar Pip farm with the aid of a cane and also fro ride horseback, which I regard a most excellent exercise. "I mount my horse unaided and am in the saddle almost every day for an hour or two. The best sign is that of late I sleep better and without a backset T ought to recover reasonably good health. My appetite is good; my digestion is good, and the only reason that I am not in my seat in the senate in Washington is that I do not feel that tlie necessities of the situation are such that I should forego the opportunity to get as much restored as l will ever he by staylny at home instead of swelterinf in a hotel in Washington. "I have a pair with a Republican senator, Mr. Dillingham, of Vermont, who is my good friend and a most excellent gentleman. He always observes the pair scrupulously so that no harm comes to the Democrats or the State by my being away. I have indicated to my Democratic colleagues that if an extingency arises I will report to the senate at once. I keep in touch with Senator Martin, the Democratic leader, by wire and constituents need not.be uneasy about my neglecting the essential work of a senator. "The routine work which can be (lone by letter or telegram I am attending to as I have always done for the last fear. After my daughter Sophie's marriage on the 28th of June I hope to make some visits to warm friends in various parts of the Stat<?, hut I will not go to Washington. unless summoned by the Democratic leader." farming; if we have weeded out of the organization some of the- most unprincipled scoundrels in the land, and thereby strengthened it?Have we not the right to go before the American farmer, and, on the iv>nmvl r> f f li i tiou rl nmt lii/1 him In liiu I ?. VVI V4 1/iVI II 1111 lit llld own interest and our interest to join with us? We are entering upon a tremendously important era in our national The supreme court gave a decisiHon first or reap his legitimate share of the last, unless hie is organized. Do you object to the order hehistory. Organization is its keynote; servation of energy and effort its slogan. Whether hard timps or good times are ahead, the farmer will not be able to minimize the effect of the cause you know some crooked customers in it? There are many such in every religious denomination, in many secret orders, one or two black sheep in your own family. Does that fact keep you out of the church, the secret order, or cause you to desert your family? Hardly. it maKi'H you more anxious 10 e,o in and cure these evils, if you are worth being called a man, and not a beast. That same influence should bring you into the Farmers' Union, with the divine determination to help your brother man?and if you help your brother man, you cannot avoid helping yourself, and your children and your children's children. Some foolish people have believed J we wanted to injure the small mer- 1 diant, and have therefore criticised 1 is, or refused to a (filiate with us. * Tell such people that we do not 1 ntend to put tlip small merchant, or l my other rightful business factor, r >ut of commission. We want to co- \ >perate upon equal terms with the msiness man. We need the mer- f 'hunt wo noort tho hn tlio t Manufacturer, the teacher, the editor, t he preacher, other professional peo- i >le. And they nil no?d us, ns ji riends, and not as suspicious outiders. i The greatest drawback the Ameri- u an farmer has ever labored under I ins been his willingness to he swayed u >y the man who flattered him, and o i'ho would not tell him unpleasant, t ut wholesome, truths. This day Is o assing! The farmer is learning to a ick the cotton strands out of the lj ,ool?where the politician and the ubllc man is conoorned. The quick- o r ho completes the job, the better ti or his own material, moral, mental fi nd spiritual salvation and those of c< is brethren. n The Farmers' Union has survived ome of the most develish schemes LABOR LEADERS UPHELD. The Supreme Court Deckles Case In Their Favor. Setting aside the sentences of Imprisonment Imposed by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia for alleged disobedience to a boycott injunction, the Suprme Court of the United States Wednesday held that Samuel Gompers, John Mitchell and Frank Morrison, president, vice president and secretary, respectively, of the American Federation of Laboc, had been erroneously sentenced to jail on a charge of contempt of local court. The Court unanimously held that the only sentences that could be im 1 At 1 ~ 1. 1 4 ^ poseu upon me imiur .eaueio lii.es. 1". so 1.old!op. iba Supreme Court of tj.e United States found that the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the District erred in treating the contempt proceedings as a criminal case and not a civil one. The effect of holding the proceedings a civil one was to make jail sentence? impossible. Hence the judicial sentences had to be set aside. ? BRYAN CJ1VKS HIS YIKWS. Trust Question More of an Issue Now Than for Years. William Jennings Bryan, while at Toronta, Out., on a lecture tour, said Wednesday regarding the Standard Oil decision: "This decision is likely to make the trust question more of an issue than it has been in recent years. While on the face of it the decision seems a victory for the government. it virtually amends th? antitrust. law by construing? it to prohibit, not all restraints of trade, but only such restraint a? the courts, aftei each lengthy litigation, nay decide to be unreasonable." It. will be noticed that Rryan's views coincide closely with the opinion rendered by .Justice Marion. Tfie South as a Pace Maker. Xo one can read the Department of Agriculture's statement of farm crops K>y States for 1910 without fully realizing that Southern agriculture now grows faster than Western and is at last, after many years -of difficult adjustment to new but far sounder conditions, coming into its own, says the Charlotte Observer. No State in or near the cotton belt failed to improve its rank except Douissiana: and this one exception is undoubtedly due to conditions created by the boll weevil. Louisiana had almost quit raising cotton for the tim?e being;, and had not done much more than offset the loss with other crops. Under the circumstances her showing is as good as that of Texas, which has had time for adjustment to boll-weevil conditions and which now takes first place by a large margin from Illinois. South Carolina's leap from twentyfirst. to thirteenth among American States, in contrast with Kansas' drop from fourth to tenth, is the most impressive exhibit of all. North Carolina's gain of 1 8.3 per cent., or from twenty-second to eighteenth place, was much larger than Texas made and was, in fact, the fourth largest in a fast-gaining South. This remarkable showing is largely due to the high price of cotton, but let us remember that cotton Vould never have brought such a price had not the Southern farmer learned to raise, and had he not been provided by manufacturing development, with a market for, various other crops. Want Case Responded. Declaring that Win. Lorlmer's election to the United States Senate was brought about by bribery and corruption, and that the gravity of the situation involving tlve integrity and good name of Illinois and the welfare of the country demands further investigating, tlie Illinois senate, by a vote of ,11 to 1 !>, adopted a resolution asking that the United States Senate no-open the Lorimer investigation * 1 Salutes an ()!<1 Warship. With the ship's band playing the national air and the blue jackets with rifles at "present," the United States battleship Idaho Thursday sa- * luted the resting place of the old wooden United States war sloop Mis- 1 dssippi, of Admiral Farrarerut's fleet, * iddled and sunk by the Confederate j' and batteries at Port Hudson on the Mississippi river during the civil j var. ?ver dovisr.i to crush .in organiza- ^ Ion. W'.h infinitely loss money han any organization of our numercal iniportanoo, we have accomdished vast results. We are turning now with increasng emphasis to the job of distribiting our products in a business way. * Icretofore, many counselors have rged and "helped" us in the matter r f production. Now we are seeing hat distribution, scientific and co- n perative, is even more important, ft s Newt Gresliam saw when he ftVst a munched this iciroat undertaking. We are working toward the ideal f making the Farmers' Union the ransformlng influence in American p arm life. To that end we ask the w o-operation of the wealthiest and the n lost poverty stricken farmer. ei CHAS. S. BARRETT. tl Union City, Ga., May 15, 1911.. ci SAYS ITS BAD Mr. Parker Deeeeces the leftkaib #f Ike New Yark Cattin Exckaage. i SPEAKS YERY PLAINLY t c Has Argument With the President of the Exchange Who Woe Presn cut, Hut the Manufacturers Awmh elation Agrees With Mr. Parker and Adopts Condemnatory Resolution. The feature of the first day'e ses^ .. ? r il. > A ... 1 n_iA mc - sum ui me Aiuwicau v^onon Manufacturers' association, which met on Thursday at Richmond, Va., was a a heated discussion in the afternoon between Arthur Marsh, president of the New York cotton exchange, and Lewis W. Parker of Greenville, chairman of the committee on relations with cotton exchanges, The occasion was the report of the committee and the result was practically an open rupture of the strained relations which have existed for some time between the association and the exchanges. Pr. Parker's assertion that the New York cotton exchange caters to speculators rather than to the need? of legitimate business, and that the prices of cotton have boon manipulated by members of the exchange, to tho great detriment of both spinners and producers, was cheered to the echo by the convention. Mr., Marsh warmly defended the exchange and pointd out that It was an association of merchants trading in cotton, with rules in the Interest of the merchants rather than in that of the manufacturer or the producer. The convention decided with Mr. Parker, adopting the report of the committee unanimously and continuing the committee for further conference with representatives of the exchanges and with instructions that if relief is not given it shall seek a remedy through lgislative channels. The gist of the committee's report si as follows: "Manufacturers' association should have no fight against cotton exchanges if those exchanges truly reflect conditions of spot cotton. On the contrary, an exchange, if legitimately managed and regulated, and if the prices rulinlg thereon are truly repwtyitatl ve of spot rvalues, is and should he of decided advantage to cotton manufacturers, as also to producers, but if, on the contrary, tho prices reflected on the exchanges are mnrolir I h.o roonlt a f Oinonnlnli ? I t I v y J VOII II Ul CT|/VVU ia I l\'il \71 or against the value of the comodity, or if those prices are only reflective of the speculative actions of one element as against another element, then the exchange become? a serious disadvantage to the manufacturers and to producers and ceases to he a legitimate body. "The two principal exchanges in the United States are the New Orleans and New York cotton exchanges. Under the rules of the New Orleans exchange the prices ruling thereon are in much closer relation to the prices of spot cotton than as a rule there are the prices of contracts on the New York cotton exchange. "Uy reason of the rules of the New York cotton exchange, it is seldom that the prices of contracts on that exchange are on a parity with spot cotton or truly representative of the price of spot cotton in the community of production plus the carriage change to market. "At times the prices of contracts are much above the prices of spot cotton. At other times they are much below. "Your committee is forced to conclude that a majority of the members of the New York cotton exchange are more impressed with th.e view that it is to their interest to cater to speculators than to make of their body a legitimate exchange reflective of the true value of the commodity In which they deal. "Your committee recommends that his association once more express its earnest hope that the cotton exchanges, and| particularly tjhe New fork exchange, will rectify their mles so as to make a true and proper relation between contract prices ind spot cotton; that if these rules >e not so properly regulated as to nake this relation, that your commitee be authorized in the name of the ssociation to present such memorials o the legislative bodies as may lead o a proper regulation by them of he cotton exchanges." ? ? 1 Negro Democrats Meet. The negro National Democratic Convention opened at Indianapolis, nd., for a three days' session Wed esday, and more than two hunded delegates were in attendance, antes S. Greene, of Georgia, is chalrlan, and W. H. Grant, formerly udltor in the treasury dei>artment t Washington, is secretary. ^ ^ ^ % First Gotten ltcport. The first cotton report of the deart nient of agriculture this season rill be issued Friday, June 2, at . oon, eastern time, and will give the stimated acreage of cotton planted tiis year with the condition of the rop on Bay 25. 4