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I VOL. VIII. DOWN ON THE OHAIN GANG. 1 EFFECT OF A SUPREME COURT DECISION. Trial Justices Cnmtot Sentence Prisoners to Hard Rubor?Twelve Men are Not Necessary to Make a Trial Justice Jury. The State Supreme Court has rendered a decision in the ease of the State vs. Sam Williams for the county of Charleston, iu which two very important matters were settled. One was mu question its u> uio legal number of jurors required on n jury in u trial justice's court, and the other was tho matter of chain gangs, tho court rendering a decision which paralyzes such institutions in this State. Chief Justice Mclver rendered tho dpfniou, which was concurred in by Associate Justice McGowan. Justice Pope iiled a dissenting opinion. In setting forth tho facts of tho case the Chief Justice says that tho defend oik wus cuargeu wnn carrying u uoauly and concealed weapon on his per* Hon ; that he did not donumd u jury trial, and that tho judicial juHtico seutoncod tho defondant, Sam WllliamH, to pay a lino of $2f> or to be imprisoned in tho county jail and uiudo to perform hard labor on tho public works of tho city of Charleston, in tho chain gang, for tho period of thirty days. From this judgment tho defendant appoalod to tho Court of Sessions upon two grounds. First?That ho cannot bo punished except upon a verdict of a jury of 12 men. Second?That tho trial justico had no jurisdiction to impose a greater ,sentence than thirty days' impriscnfc ment, and so much of tho sentence as requires tho defendant to work on tho chain gang is void in law. Both of tho grounds of appeal wore sustained by Judge Izlar, and from his opinion tho solicitor appealed. Tho grounds of tho appeal are substantially tho same as those heard by Judge Izlar. The Chief Justice devotes ten >>uges of eloselv written matter tn the dmrnu sion of tho question of the legality of a jury of less than twelve men, and goes into quito an cxtonalvo history of the trial by jury in this State and the constitutional provisions in that matter, so far as the State is eoneorned. lie concludes by saying: "So that it seems to us that the General Assembly still has the power to provide for the trial of any person aeeusod of an offence within tho jurisdiction of a trial justice by a jury composed of a less number than twelve persons, and that the circuit judge orrod in holding otherwise. It is observed that tho provisions of Section 10, of Article 1, of tho present Constitution do not seem ^ to contemplate a trial by a jury, of persons accused of tho offence there provided for. but tho Legislature, by Section H.'ll of tho General Statutes, has provided that such person shall be entitled on demand to a trial by jury, and in this case it appears, from tho report of tho judicial trial justice as incorporated in tho judgment of tho circuit judge, that no jury was demanded by the defendant. as to tno second question presented by this appeal, we agree with the circuit judge that so much of tho sentence imposed by tho judicial trial justice as required tho defendant to perform hard labor on tho public works of the city of Charleston on tho chain gang was without authority of law, and is therefore null and void. As wo liavo seen above, tho jurisdiction of trial justices in criminal cases is limited by tho Constitution, Section 19 of Article 1, to the trial of ofloncos "less than felony, in which the punishment does not exceed a lino of $100 or imprisonment for thirty days." Now it is clear, as was held in tho State vs. Jenkins, 20th S. C., 121, that tho jurisdiction of a trial justice is limited by and dependent upon tho condition : First, that i 1. ? .. 4 V 5? a I t it l i HID UIIUI1UU 111 qUDHtlOIl HI I HI 1 DO IOS8 than felony, and, second, that tho punishment prescribed shall not exceed a line of $1U0 or im[)risonment for thirty days. Jf, therefore, either of these conditions aro wanting in a given case, the trial justice is without jurisdiction. But in this caso neither of these conditions was wanting, for by the last act prescribing the punishment for tho offenco which tho defendant was charged, it was limited, 'to a lino not to exceed $100 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding thirty days." See act of December, A. D., 1892, 21 Statute 911. Now as was hold in tho State vs. Hord, 8th S. C., 84, atlirmcd in ex pario Bond, 9 S. C., 80, " wherever imprisonment was a punishment in whole or in part for a common law offence, or proscribed for the violation of some statutory enactment, it took effect by commitment to and dotention in the common jail or tho prison of tho county." This may bo regarded as an authoritative interpretation of tho proper signification of tho torm "imprisonment," .... ... u 4V.A nr> uruu 111 mu vyuiiniitunuu. Accordingly it was hold in that case that a person convicted o fa rnisdomoanor?assault with intent to kill?could not he sentenced to confinement in the State penitentiary at hard labo.* unless such punishment had boon described by some statute substituting that modo of imprisonment in place of tho ono which had always existed in the State. In view of that decision, doubtless, the General Assembly passed tho act of 187H, now incorporated as Section 2,(115 of tho General Statute#, declaring that " in every case in which imprisonment is provided in whole or in part for any crime, such imprisonment shall bo either in tho penvtentiary with or without hard labor, or in the county jail with or without hard labor, at tho discretion of tho circuit judgeannouncing tho sentence. But this provision by its terms applies only to the Court of Sessions?a court of general jurisdiction? and cannot apply to a court of inforior and limited jurisdiction, for surely it Eiiflv ho contended that tho LegislaA by a mero statuto enlarge the r ? of tho word 'imprisonment' f lii/m.T* a the (Constitution, especially wfiOro it is thei*e used as ono of tho limits to tho jurisdiction of an inferior court. ' So that we think itclear that tho act of 1885, as amended by the act of December 20, 1892, 21 Statute 22, under which tho power is claimed to add to tho sentonco of imprisonment the requite ment of hard labor on tho public works of a city or county insofar as it purports to confor upon a trial justice the power to add a sentence of im{iriaonuaont, the requirement of such mrd labor inUst be regarded as uncon jj stitutional and void. It is very manij fest that this additional imposition exceeds the limits proscribed by the Constitution in donning the jurisdieti >n of a justice of the peace, 'or other otllcei'8 authorized by law.' and hence the trial justice in imposing this additional punishment upon the defendant, aetod without the authority of the law. and hence so much of the soutenco as exceeded the prescribed limits must be regarded as null uiul void. ?? Tl.? *?-! - ? ? 11 J. Iic juu^iuuill ill HUH I'Ulll'l IS tlllll so much of the judgment of tlio circuit judge us adjudged that tho defendant was entitled to u trial by twelve men bo reversed, but that so much of said judgment as adjudged that so much of the sentence imposed by the judicial trial justice as required the defendant to 4 porform hard tabor upon the public works of the city of Charleston in the chain gang,* was null and void, be affirmed, and that the case be remanded to the Court of Sessions for the county of Charleston, with instructions to confirm the sentence as herein modified." In a separate opinion Associate Justice Popo says that ho finds no difficulty in reaching the same conclusion us the other members of the court from the lirst grounds of the appeal, but regrets his inability to concur in the chain-imnir nnil li'll" proparo an elaborato opinion. 11 in chief ground for differing is because it seems to him that the word " imprison* ment" should b? construed us to include the employment of the person convicted during his imprisonment. Tho sentence doos not provide for any longer term of imprisonment than thirty days, nor in any other place than tho county jail; but it provides that he shall bo employed while so imprisoned in tho publfo works of tho city. in this he saw no incompatibility with the provisions of our Constitution. Ho argued by inference that supposing a genoral law were passed requiring that persons sent to the county jail should bo employed by tho Sheriff while so confined in knitting socks or platting mats, he apprehended that such a law would apply, and would bo considered as included in tho sentence 4 or imprisoned for thirty days in the county jail.' What difference should it make if the Trial .lustier* Ret.uu.llv included in his sentence 'or bo imprisoned in tho county jail to be employed while there in such work as prescribed by tho statute of this State, under tho direction of the Sheriff." If that conclusion bo just what illegality can be said to attach to a sentence of imprisonment for thirty days at hard labor in a chain-gang on tho streots of tho city of Charleston on the public works of that city, such sentenco being in coniorniity t<? an Act of tlio General Assembly of this Stato. It is difficult for 1110 to see any dilTorenoe. /IFTEll T1II-] l'KDDIilOHH. A Iiaw Authorizing a Tax to He Fixed on Them in Each County. Tlio last session of the Legislature adopted the following interesting law regarding the licensing of peddlers, eacn county being authorized to fix the amount of the license : Section 1. He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina, now met and sitting in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same, That on uud after the passage of this Act no person shall, as hawker or peddler, expose for sale or sell any goods, wares or merchandise in any county in this State unless ho has received and is ready to produce and exhibit a license from tho Clerk of tho Court of Common l'lcus of such county so to sell or expose for sule goods, wares and merchandise in said county. See. 2. That said clerk shall issue licenses to hawkers and peddlers, to he good in his county until tho last day of December next after tho date of its issuo, upon receiving from tho applicant such tee or fees thereof as tho county commissioners shall at their first meeting in January after tho passage of this Act, and thereafter at their first meeting in January of every year, establish and fix liconso fees for hawkers and peddlers in their County ; and it shall ho the duty of tho county commissioners to llx and establish the said license fees in tho several counties of this State. And each license shall specify tho sum paid thereof and tho privileges , ? 4.1 1 griiutuu niuruoy. Sec. 3. It shall bo the duty of ovory trial justice and ovory constable and of tho shorifT and of his regular deputies to, and ovory citizon may, demand and inspect tho license of any hawker or peddler in his or their county who shall come under tho notice of any of said otiicors, and to arrest or cause to bo arrested any hawker or peddler found without a good and valid license, and to bring such hawker or peddler before tho noarost trial justice to bo dealt with according to this Act. Sec. 4. That tho provisions of this Act shall not extend to vendors of newspapers, magazines, vegetables, tobacco, provisions of any kind or agricultural products, or to sales by sample by persons traveling for established commercial houses, but :nd and apply to vendors of every other class and kind of goods, wares and merchandise, and to sales by sample or otherwise by such hawkers and peddlers of stoves, ranges, clocks, lightning rods, sewing machines, pianos or organs. Soc. 5. That any person or oflleor violating any of the requirements or duties imposed by this Act shall, upon conviction, bo guilty of a misdemeanor and shall bo fined not more than too or imprisoned in uie county jail not more than thirty days for each and every offense. ?The town council of Yorkville, in bohalf of the citizons, has extended tho hospitalities of the town to the authorities of the South Carolina Military acadomy for tho next summer encampment of the cadets of that institution. The Uaptibt High school authorities have tendered the use of their grounds in case the invitation is aceoptod. ?Congressmen Wilson and Tarsnoy arrived last week at Agua Callents, Mexico. Mr. Wilson if far from woll as yet, and was feeling so badly that the party decided to stop over two or three days to give Mr. Wilson tho benefit of the hot baths. CONWAY, S. C, TI WHITE ON THE SUPREME BENCH. THIS LOU IS AN A KKXATOK IS COXF1KMIS1) PltOMPTLY. HIh Nomination Whs a (Jront Stirprise?Tlio Democrats arc Unanimously Satisfied. Washington, Fob. 19.?President Cleveland to-day nominated Senator White, of Louisiana, to the vacant seat on the Supreme lionch of the United States, and the Senate promptly continued the nomination, which I'lllllM ill I llil l?itllt.a i^t .? ... ...v .?* v>iv> kuvui v vi tv nui |/i lO\j iv1 tho Senate. All sorts of rumors woro ulloat during tlio morning rolativo to this appointment, in which the names of Senators Gray and Faulkner were mentioned, but not that of the Louisiana Senator. Mr. White did not come to tho Senate to-day, and tho fact that ho was at tho White 1 louse this morning, where ho doubltess received tho news, constrained him to absent himself from tho presence of his colleagues. Ho is a lawyer of marked ability, in tho full vigor of life, and will bring to the Supreme Court a valuable knowledge of tho intriea ies of practice under the civil code, or code Napoleon, as it prevails in the Louisiana courts, which will bo of groat sorvlco in disposing of eases arising in tho courts of that State. Edward Douglas White was born in Parish of LaB'ourcho, La., in November, 1845, and was educated at Mount St. Mary's, Md., at tho Jesuit College in New Orleans and at Georgetown College. IIo served in tho Confed oruto army, and after the close of the war, was licensed to practice law by the Supreme Court of Louisiana. In 1874 ho was elected a State Senator, and was appointed four years later Assoeiato Justice of tho Supreme Court of Louisiann. He was elected to the Senate to succeed James 11. Eustis, and took his seat March 4, 1891. His term does not expire until March 3, 1897. Tho nomination of Senator White was a great surprise to tho members of tho House, hut was favorably commented on by every one. The members from New York did not enter into any lengthy expression of opinion, hut Messrs. Cockran, Strauss and Tracoy agreed that New York had got out of it all she was entitled to. Mr. Cuinmings expressed his gratification over the appointment, saying that Senator White's nomination was an exceedingly good one. "There is nothing sectional about an appointment to the Suj >reine bench," lie said. Southern members were particularly well pleased with tho choice, and oxchunged congratulations with one another. Senator Whito know nothing of tho fact that the President was considering his name until yesterday evening when the President sent for the Louisiana Sonators. Mr. White called at tho White House accompanied by Mr. vi i 1?T v^iuitij ni w w uiui;i\ i\uu I CIllllI IIOU II) conforoneo with thoPresident for more than two hours. Tiio President for the first time informed Mr. Whito of his intention. Ho said he believed he had all the qualifications for a member of so distinguished a court, and asked the Senator if he would accept the pluee. The profYor came so suddenly and carried with it such a change in Mr. White's personal plans that ho asked for time to consider, agreeing to give a positive answer todav. Mr. Whito, accompanied by his colleague, again, called at the Executive Mansion this morning at 9:30, and as ho crossed the threshold was still undetermined. An hour's talk with Mi*. Cleveland, however, decided Mr. Whito and at 10:30, having said that ho would accept the nomination, Mr. Whito left the Mansion. Ho did not go to the Capitol, but returned to his rooms, Mr. CalTery proceeding to the Senate. Within an hour from tho thne the nomination was sent in, Mr. White had boon confirmed and the President notified. As soon as tho doors wero plrmAfl Mr Pnrrli 11 nn ? ??h'* ??'?*" ination, and asked that it bo immediately considorod. This was agreed to. Ho spoke highly of the nomination, and said that it was a happy solution to tho trouble. Tho fourth judicial circuit, consisting of tho States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, and tho Fifth circuit, composed of the States of Georgia. Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, made even States of tho Union, and had no iustico of tho Supremo Court, while tho small circuit composed of tho States of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee had three judges, Harlan, Brown and Jackson, lie believed this Southern eireuit was. entitled to it, and was glad tho President had solcctod Mr. White. Mr. Pugh then moved that the nomination be confirmed. Mr. 11 oar of Massachussotts seconded the nomination, and speaking again, later on, said ho was pleased to see that young blood was to be infused into the Supremo Court. lie disliked the idea of nominating old men who could not give the country, by reason of old ago and physical infirmity, the full benefit of their sorvices. Of Mr. White's legal ability he had the highest rogard, and was glad tho President had made a selection upon which tho Senate could agroe. Mr. Teller (Hop.) of Colorado concurred in what Mr. Hoar had said, and then proceeded to enunciate the nrin ciplo that tho Senate was charged with a duty in connection with nominations independent of tho acts of tho President. Tho fact that tho President had mado a nomination carried but little weight; tho Senate was called upon to uct as it thought best, independent of the wishes of tho executive. SENATOR HILL SPEAKS. In viow of Mr. Hill's attitude in roforonco to the two nominations that failed of confirmation, what ho said to-day becamo interesting. He spoko in full, as follows: 4*I rlso for tho purpose of seconding tho motion of tho distinguished chairman of the judiciary committee. Representing, as 1 do, in part, the circuit in which the vacancy oxists caused by the death of the late lamented Judgo Blatchford, and to fill which tho nomination just reported has been presented to this body for its consideration, a few suggestions on my part at this time may not be inappiopriato. Permit mo to remark at the outset that this nomination, from a personal point of view, 1URSDAY, MARCH 1, Is entirely unobjeetionublo. The nominee is able, experienced and sutifaetory. He is personally olTonslvo to no one. Ho has not been involved in any factional dissensions, and he possesses tho confidence of the Democratic party of bis State, to /vhich he is proud to belong. He has not antagonized any regular Democratic organization, and every Senator around this circle knows and respects him. He is not without judicial experience, having for two year creditably served upon the bench of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, and his selection will prove acceptable to the bar of the United States and to the people. " While it is true that Judge White's selection is most admirable, and one which 1 most cheerfully aequiese, it is perhaps equally true that the people of Now York in their local pride will regret that the President did not see lit to make a satisfactory appointment from the hundreds of competent lawyers and distinguished jurists in that great State, whose nomination would ?. i?i ? '. iiinr |iruvUKC(i Il?> opposition, JUKI WHO would have adorned tho highest court in tho land. It may bo assorted as a fact that almost any one of the forty judges of the Supreme Court of Now York State or any one of tho present Fodoral judges there residing, would have boon ueooptablo to the Senate, had the President in his wisdom scon fit to honor any one of them by a noin- ' iuation. There was no dispute upon ' this point, but the President's choice, , in his opinion, seemed to have been ' limited to a seloct few for reasons l>ost j known to himself. 1 do not propose on j this occasion to add a single unpleasant remark to the unfortunate contest which has occupied our attention for ( the past six weeks over the two nominations which the majority of the Son- j ate regarded as unsuitable and objeo- j tionable. 1 do not retract a single word which I urged in successful opposition to their confirmation. These contests have passed into history? there let thorn be judged. 1 believe that the State of New York was entitled to the judgeship, and had the Senators from that State heen consulted. as they properly should have been, and as courtesy and usage required, a satisfactory selection from the numerous ominont members of tho bar of my State could have easily been made. ; You well know that the Senators from j Now York had no candidates of their j own. Their action was not influenced by disappointment. They pressed no I favorites of theirs upon the attention j of the appointing power, whatever action they took was impelled by their , self-respect, and their loyalty to the | people's interests which they repre- 1 seated, and to tho regulur Democratic ! organization to which they belonged. I "Tho President, in tho exoroUo of | the discretion which the' constitution vests in him, has seen fit to go out- ! side of New York and outside | oi me circuit where tlio vacancy j occurred, and has honored the Senate by the appointment >>y one of its dis- I liiitfuished members from the fur distant State of Louisiana, and while this action may perilapa, justlv bo regarded as a slight to New York and to our circuit or a reflection upon its distinguished judiciary, any member of which would have adorned the highest Federal court, yet we may congratulate ourselves that so admirable a selection has been made, and relied that, after all, the question of locality or resldenco is a matter of little consequence compared with the other considerations involved in the choice for so exalted a station. 1 am entirely satisfied with the outcome. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I "express my desire that this nomination should l>e confirmed at once." Mr. CalTrey concluded tho speeches with a brief tribute to the worth of his colleague, and expressed tho pride his State would take in the solection made by the President. The voto was then taken, and Mr. White was confirmed without a dissenting voico. ? PROGRESS OP THK SOUTH. Capitalists and Home-Seekers Are Again Coming lliis Way?Factories Are Resuming and Public Works Are Heginnlng. liAUTIMOKB, Feb. 22.?'The Manufacturers' Record, in roviowing the business conditions of the South for the week, says : Special reports from all carts of the South ?how u revival of conlidenco and a general expectation of a steady improvement in business in ull lines near by. There is a broadening out of business interests, factories are gradually resuming operations and the inquiry for machinery for improvement of old plants as well as for now ones is larger than for six or seven months. During the past week thoro have been many evidences of the way the South is attracting the attention of outsiders who are looking for desirable investments as well as homes. An un' usual number of excursionists from the j North and West, carrying capitalists ' and homescckcrs, iiave been inspecting | mineral, timber, farming and factory I lands in Arkansas, Alahuma, Mississippi and Texas. . A large party of coal operators of Chicago and other Western cities have been examining Kentucky coal iields with the view of handling Kentucky coal on a large scale and also of investing in coal properties. At Norfolk a belt railroad, a warehouse and compress company and sovj oral other now enterprises are taking shape. At Atlanta a $500,000 company lias lioon formed to ongage In establishing country banks wherever good openings are found. Among other important enterprises reported for the week is a $500,000 cotton mill in South Carolina, an 11-mile canal in Florida by Haltimoro capitalists, an extensive coke plunt in southwost Virginia, a $125,000 coal company in Kentucky, a $90,000 brick and tilo company in Mis SlSBtppl, CtC. There is an increasing demand for municipal improvements noted and during the wook a number of contract* were let for soveral sewerage systems, water works and electrio light plants. ?San Francisco has made a groat success of its Mid-Winter Fair. The attendance is large and comes from all parts of tho country. The exhibits are many and various, and the general arrangements are said to be admirable. The total outlay for this fair was only $o00,000 and yet results have been accomplished which are the admiration of all who behold them. 1894. THE NEW MILL IN OOONEE. COl' I IT ION A Y >1A MIACTU III N? COMPANY. A Northern Mstlinuto of I ho Work Done ui Nowry?8olhl I'lans and Substantial ltesults. The Boston Journal of Commerce gives tho following description of the new cotton mill which is now a)>out receiving its machinery, and recently erected hy the Courtenuy Manufacturing Co., at Nowry, Oconee County, S. (' 'IM.Iu ...... ..f *?w. > - w. A (IIO ??? 1/IIIJ UIIV l/l fcUU > VlllUable undeveloped water powers in the South, und a glunco will show its great value for a cotton mill site. Work wuh first undertaken (clearing the site) in May last, hut it was not until July that any progress was made. It was in a sparsely settled and unfrequented corner of the county : labor had to be brought there, shelters built for them, and in fact all the primitive conditions of the distant border luul to be dealt with : machinery for brick-making and other purposes hail to fco transported from distant points, one and a-luilf miles of railroad must be graded and built; the time in receiving necessary machines and material took three, four, and, in some cases, live weeks after date of bill of lading. The mill sit? is on Little river, water of Seneca river, on the southeast side of Oconee County. The building is of brick, and presents an attractive appearance. and is certainly in strength and finish one of the best specimens of brick masonry in the South. Little river, from which the water power Is obtained, has its sources in the foot hills of the Blue llidgo mountains. and with its numerous tributaries. though small in size, drains an extensive area of territory largely covered with forests. This insures a constant flow of water, even in seasons of protracted droughts. This feature of the river is known us such from the earliest settlement >f this part of the State, and is highly valuable for mill purposes, presenting, as it does, the great advantage of a normal storage of water at all times and avoiding the expense of creating a storage system. 'Pi.., t ?i.~ i ? ?? * 1IIU nvur 111/ HID IUIVUHU SlUgO ?)I Willi*V has a volume of 100 foot in width, 21 foot avorugo dopth, and a How of 112 feet, equal to a minimum of 25,000 cubic feet per minute, with a fall of 22 feet, giving a grows of 1100-horse power, more than sufficient to run 50,000 spindles and 800 looms. The development of this water power has bocn effected in solid stone work. The dam is located at a bend in the river ahout 150 feet above the northeast end of the mill. It is built on convex lines, facing the flow of the river, and tho ends rest on buttresses of solid masonry, with continuing retaining walls of stone, huiltout to high ground. This form of dam construction, on the theory of Iho arch, gives the most effective strength to such structures. The dimensions of tho dam are : 110 foot on tho outer curved lino (the width of tho river is hero 115 feet.) Tho hight is 22 feet abovo the normal level of the river, hut to secure solid foundations the dam is from two to six feet deeper than the bed of the river, in a part of its extent. The huttresses rise to a height of .'10 feet, eight feet above tho crest of the dam. The continuing wall, on the east side, is six feet higher than tho crest of tho dam. On tho west side the buttresses are of like height, HO feet, and are connected at tho same height, with the masonry at tho gates, beyond which is a retaining wall extending to high ground, two foot higher than that on tho east side. The base is 18 feet, and tho top is six feet, covered with dressed granite slabs, one foot thick, full width, laid in Portland cement. Iron gates of modern design and construction have been built in each end of the dam, with five-foot Ludlow sluice valves and iron liners of tho same dimensions ; those give a largo control over the surplus water of tho river during freshets, and keep the pond from filling with sand, near the point of tho head gutes. Visitors familiar j with such works express themselves in i strong- terms 01 approval or its form and strength of masonry. The head gates are four in number, 10 feet high and 5 foet wide, clear water opening; built in stone and briok faced to secure a smooth flow of water. The superstructure is 21 feet in height from base and connects with tho re- , tuining wall. Tho gates have wooden ( guides, strongly bolted to masonry, and j are made of selected wood, heavily /rained. Each gate is lifted by means of an iron rack and worm hoisting gear ; geared so that one man can lift each gate. This construction protects the canal against floods or oxcessive high water, and also enables tho water to be drawn from the wheels without drawing tho water from tho pond. Tho wheel pits are two in number at the northeast end of the mill buildit/g. An extensive excavation, involving much time and considerable expense, had to bo undertaken to secure a substantial result. After removing 12 feet of soil the solid rook was reached, and nearly (KX) pounds of dynamite used to blast out this large area to a depth of more than 30 feet below the level of the ground. Massive walls of musonry have been built here and every pointed up with Portland cement; in developing this work plans and specifications, embodying the very latest thought and experience in such structures, have have been used. The j water is discharged through three : arched openings into tho tail ruce, : which is 0 root deep at the arches and i 35 feet wide. This opening widens out | to 80 feet at the river, giving tho waI tor free oxit and is enclosed in stono ! walls. Every foundation has been carried down to bed rock and built in tho most substantial manner. In natural advantages Oconee has great possibilities in material progress, abounding in water powers,"with a population desiring employment of 1.?? J 'nut. _ -- - vim* muu. x iiih new enterprise on Little river is the only largo industry in the county, and will have all the advantages of itfl isolated position, as there aro no mills ncaror than forty miles on the east, none nearer than twenty-five miles on the south, while on the north and west tho whole section is available to draw labor from, in all the region, up to the Bluo Ridge and to the Georgia lino, Tho location of tho mill is most favorablo for obtaining the fino cotton grown in this Piedmont section, which nave a reputation on both sides of the Atlantio, and is a primary consideration in making the better class of goods, ft?r which the equipment of this now mill is designed. Every bulo of cotton for its supply will como to it on farm wagons from the vicinity of the mill. The power will bo supplied by two 42-inch Victor turbines, on horizontal shaft, and in one case of stool ; connected to the pulley shaft direct, and driving the mill with tiftocn l,aml>oths cotton ropes. The product of the mill will consist of fine sheetings. The whole power has been developed, equal to over .iu,ouo spinuies mid wo looms, thus making provision for the future incase of neod, and lias l>een more oconomically acooinplishod now tlian could bo done horoaftor; the company has, therefore, in hand the full power of its property. Of course this outlay, charged against the present plant of j 10,000 spindles ami 1M0 looms, enhances the cost per spindle. The present I building has a capacity of over 15,000 spindles and too looms, and it is the , purpose ultimately to till up this vacant space. When this is done the cost per spindle, it is believed, will lie the lowest in the State for water-power mills. .lust opposite the mill is a hill 100 feet high. The top is level and sufficiently extensive for the location of a reservoir of large size, for fire and sewerage purposes. This great natural advantage will be utilized, and serve i as well for the protection of the mill 1 property and village, as for the health of the residents. it is the purpose to conduct the wilier irom tno springs to the village for all domestic usch, which will he a i great convenience to tin? operatives i and their families. The cottages erected for the operatives arc bnllt of wood, with plastered walls and ceilings of wood, and they are comfortable homes. The mill will ho in operation during the coming soring. In the opinion of a Now York dry-goods merchant handling such goods as will he made here, the entire produet can he marketed ut remunerative prices as soon as the mill is in operation, and every effort will he made to accomplish this. - ??? ? llIlOUailT 1118 COMMITMENT. The Curious Case ol'n Oreenville Man 1 ?He Voluntarily (>oon to Columbia and ItrgiuH a Four Years Term in ; I lie Penitentiary. Columbia Uogister, Feb. 21i. .1. Luther Trammell, a young white man of Greenville, came to Columbia yesterday afternoon on the Columbia and Greenville train. When he irot off the train ho met Deputy Sheriff Gilreuth of the same county ami notified him tiiat lie (Trammell) was on his way to tlio Penitentiary to enter upon a four yearn' sentence. Trammell left Oreonvillo yesterday morning and brought bis own commitment to prison with him. He decided to spend last last night in the city and go to the Penitentiary to-day. He will hand the commitment to the prison officials and will at once begin 1ms sentence. The story is an interesting one. Trammell was convicted at Greenville about a year ago of manslaughter for killing Aaron Cannon, a colored waiter in a restaurant. Trammell was sentenced to servo four years in the Penitentiary. His attorneys took an appeal to the Supremo Court and Trammell was admitted to bail pending the appeal. A few days ago the Supremo Court decided against him. lie immediately proceeded to put his business in sbapo to come here. II is bondsmen bad the utmost confidence in him and did not surrender him. He told them that he would come to this city and surrender and they know bo would do so. Yesterday morning when lie loft Groonville to coino to this city his hnnrlumnn lm<l ?-!? ...?V4 UUVII I 111 V II III llllll tllHt they did not nut jwi officer on the truin with him. Deputy ShortiT Gilreath had brought an insane man to the Asylum on Wednesday and was in the city. It was not necessary for him, however, to hare met, Trammell, as tho convicted man was really not in the clutches of the law, the time for his surrender to tho officials after the decision of the Supremo Court not having expired. Trammell was neatly dressed. He brought a valise with him, as if he had intended to go away from his home for a few days' visit. Trammell is an ex-saloon keeper of Greenville. Since ho killed tho negro ho has boon running a distillery in Groonville County. There are not many instances of a man voluntarily surrendering to justice. Tho only similar ease is that of Colonel Morrow, who came hero all the way from Washington without an officer. Hither of the men, if they had desired, could have gotten ofT at some remote station and left for parts unknown. ?Governor Tillman said tho other day to a newspaper reporter that any sensible man in South Carolina ought to knowthat there is no provision in the Dispensary law for constables to enter a private residence whithout a warrant, lie said that before the bill was passed tho antl-Tillman papers in tho wtsite had harped on that us a feature of the law, and had kept it up ever since. They did it then and are doing it now, he said, to prejudice tho people against the law. lie said that no such orovision was over in tho law and was never intended to be there ; nobody wanted it there, and tho whole thing is lining given circulation for the pur|>ose of projudice. If tho authorities, he said, bolieved that a man was selling whiskey from his house nothing would be done until a warrant for his arrest and a search of the premises was gotten out. Attorney General Buchanan, in his opinion of this part of the law, never said anything about the soarch of private residences. ??? 9 ? III. M i ^ -? i ui hviiiu rmquirer : uetective it. H. Dobeon has just recoivod from tho South Carolina railway company, a ohook for $500, the amount of the reward offered by that corporation for the arrost and conviction of tho parties who wrecked a train near Lincolnville, about two years ago. Tho names of tho train wreckers wore Grant Bonnett nnd Dick Bruno, both colored. Bennett died in jail about ten days ago. Bruno haa alroady been condemned to death, but it is thought that his sentence will probably be commuted to imprltframtnt rot Ufe. NO 33. Al'ltn. IS Till': TIMK. The Alliuncc-Kctorm Convention A Certainly?(Jovormir rillmun Will Have Something To Do With the ('nil. The State, Fob. 23. There has boon a row going on In the Reform ranks for some time !* tween the two factions known as the Irby faction and the Alliance-Reform faction. A g??od many have been looking for it to bo settled and nothing come of it, but it doesn't look now an if any such settlement is ever to ix*. At any rate, the latter faction, headed by Mr. Bowdon, came out strongly demanding a March m? Am-ll lion. Irby uiul his men, after a conference in Washington, declared just as strongly against the holding of such a convention, and Governor Tillman did the same. Hut he soon saw his error, glanced around, noticed which way the wind was blowing and clambered up on the fence. Well, now, it can be stated as a fact that this convention, which the Alliance faction d< manded, is going to bo hold during the llrst or second week of April?not later, and the call is going to be issued in a few days. And it may surprise the public to know that Governor Tillman hus at last decided which faction ho will attiliuto with, for he will either directly or indirectly issue this cull. It will appear that some kind of a compromise has been made up. So it hus, but the AllianceI to form people are the undoubted masters of tho situation. Just why this statement is made, the public cumnot yet know through the columns of tliin paper. Tho public is simply asked to wait and see. Although tho fact that tho Governor was to issue tiie call lias been known for some days here, tho representatives of Tho State wero so situated that they would not make it public, and yesterday a correspondent sent out tho fact from Washington. When Clover nor Tillman wan naked about it, ho characterized it as 4' that lie from Washington," and Haid lie " know nothing about the calling of a convention " by himself. This appears as a denial on the purt of the (Governor that ho will call the convention, but The State regards this as merely a ruse on the part of the Governor, and if ho does not call the convention directly he will indirectly do no, and his name will appear uftlxod to the call. It can bo further stated, as a pretty well settled fact, that the convention when it assembles will make nominations for a State ticket, which will Ik? directly against the expressed desire of the Irby faction, .lust now it appears that Ellorbc is the'man who will head the ticket. He certainly soeins to have the strongest showing of any of those mentioned. John Gary Kyans will hardly he in it, if thn situation is understood correctly. What effect that will have remains to bo seen. The situation is interesting to say the least, und there will doubtless be further developments of a still more Interesting nature in tho next few days. And as to Irby and his men. Irby came from IVuuliim't.mo /^.... .1 .. .^...usm/11 IV IUTY UMjrn UgO. Ho must have recoivod information of tin? way affairs wore going. It in stated that ho has boon in Columblu, imt such is not thought to ho tho case by thoso who uro in a position to know. Ho is doubtless at homo watching tilings with a jealous oyo. But if tho writing on tiio wall is rcud aright ho might as well have stayed in Washington for tho good ho will do to his sido. ? Ksther Cleveland was christened at tho White House on tho lbth inst. Thero was no company invited to witness tho ceremony and everything was dono to roll it of display of any kind. Only the members of tho President's lioushold witnessed tho baptism. Tho family party stood in tho blue room exactly where tho President and Mrs. Cleveland were married. Dr. Sunderland, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, oflicated and immediately after tho close of thnnnr?mnnu mo ?v>.? WM4VMJ ?Vi V WHO house. ?A monument to Gen. Itobert H. Anderson wus unveiled on Washing'ton's Birthday in Bonaventure Cemetery Savannah. It consists of a large granite base, surmounted by a copper bust of Gen. Anderson of heroic size, tho inscription on tho baso giving his namo, date of his birth and death, and tho principle ovents of his lifo. Ho took a prominont part in the war as a brigadier general and after its close was chief of police in Savannah for twenty-two years, serving as such until his death in 1888. -Suit has been brought in Sioux City contesting tho will of Ex-Governor Bice, of Minnesota. He left an estate of $100,000 to a woman who for many years wus known us his wife, and to their daughter. It is now claimed that early in tho 'tMJ's he married a Winnebago squaw, who is still living with two children. When the tribe was moved West by Congress she followed them with her children, but he remained bohind and became a political power and a wealthy man. ?James II. Garrison, car inspector on the G., C. and N. railroad at Charleston, S. C., dropped dead very suddenly on tho 21st inst. Ho was sitting in front of a burbor shop, and without a second's warning, fell out of his chair. He never uttered a word, only groaning very hard soveral times. Heart disease is thought to have been tho cause of his death. Garrison was a Mason and belonged to Marietta, Ga. ?The wife of i.. _ ...? uvn ifllll* ister, Madame Fate no, ha* a hard time trying to accustom herself to corsets. She finds special difficulty In sitting upon the floor in native stylo when she has them on ; hut she is struggling to become accustomed to stays, as she likes <the American dross and wishes to adopt it. ?Thoro aro twelvo scholarships for South Caroliea this year in the Peabody Normal at Nashville, Tenn., and the examination for them will be held on the 20th of July next in Columbia. These scholarships are good for two yoars and are worth $100 a year and railroad fare to and from Nasnville. ?The friends of Gen. Del Kemper will be pleased to learn that President Cleveland has appointed him Consul at Ainoy, China, and that the Senate has confirmed the appointment. Gen. Kemper was a splendid Midler .in the late war and is an acTOxppllshe4 gentlemen.