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FARMER'S FRIENDS. SOME BINDS THEY SHOULD PRO TECT AH Tlicy Destroy Inserts, Weed Seed and Numerous Other Enemies of the Farm. The substance of this article is but . n summary of an account of the work of the Biological Survey of the De partment of Agriculture, prepared for the Kal ional Geographic Magazine hy 11 W. Honshaw, The Biological Survey was estab lished in 1885, with Dr. C ll. Mer riam as director. The relations of the. bird to (he crops were not then . well understood. It is not onougti, nays Mr. Henshaw, lo be told that birds feed on Insects; we munt know tho particular kinds they eat. The fact that the crow sometimes eats corn is not sufficient evidence on which to condemn the bird. Wo must learn tin? nature of its food at nil timos: hence the necessity for the examination of the birds stom achs to learn not only the kinds of food eaten, but their relative quan tities. lt is not en nu gil to know tjnit birds oat insects, or that they destroy crops. Hirds are injurious al one time and not at another; in one re gion a pest; in another a blessing. The Tree Sparrow Beneficial. We may roughly group our small birds into two (lasses - the seed oat fOis and thc insect eaters. [f Tho seed eaters, mostly of the Sparrow family, have stout bodies and strong conical bills, especially designed for crushing seeds. Their name is legion and the family con tains more species than any other group of hirds.- lt is well thal this is so. for the destruction of weed seed is of tremendous importance to the fannel-, whose trouble io keep ahead of the weeds, groat as il is now, would be vastly increased were it not for the soberly-clad and unob trusive little sparrows. We may get an idea of the value of the service these birds render by noting what is done for the fanner by the tree-spar row, one of the most confirmed seed eaters of the group. A quarter of an ounce of seed for a day is a safe estimate of the food of an adult troosparrow. On this reckoning, in " CM ?. ., , . I ir i Inned consumption of weed seed by the sparrow family results in an an 'iiual saving of only 1 per ??Mit. of tho value of the crops the total sum total saved to thefanner in 1906 was $36,000,000. Though seeds form the chief part of the subsistence ol' sparrows, the destruction of seeds is by no means all we have to thank these birds for. They eat many insects also, and seoras to know instinctively (hat while seeds are excellent for adult birds, they are necessarily good for nosdings, and hence feed the latter almost exclusively on insects. Sparrows, however, are not (he on ly birds that consume the seeds of weeds. The Eastern quail or bob white is a confirmed oator of weed seed. Highly esteemed as bobwhite is by the epicure for food and by tho sportsman as an object of pur suit, ho is probably worth so much more as a weed-destroyer that the fanner can ill afford to have him shot, even though the privilege is roundly paid for. A bevy or two of quail on a farm is an asset tin- value of which no thrifty farmer should <:rlook. Doves also are seed eat ers, especially the turtle-dove, whose crop oftn is so packed with the seeds af weeds that it can hold no more. The fanner has no quarrel with birds that confine their attention to grass and weed seed, and welcomes their presence always and every where. There are birds, however, which eat PUCh seeds as coin, wheat ind barley, and whose place in the [armer's esteem is by no means so Loll assured the crow and the inekblrds for instance. There arc overa) kinds of blackbirds which at ?ines attack crops as also does th? row. The destruction by the crow if meadow mice, and of cutworms ind other insect pests and the de tl'UCtion of many kinds of Insects Io ho blackbirds, however, are consid red in most localities to offset tho ?tillage done in other ways and even o leave a balance in favor of tho .lids. Hirds That Eui Insects. Many Ards, ns flycatchers, warb ers, swallows and chimney-swift:;, ive exclusively, or ni most so, on in? eels, and very many more, as black ords, orioles, and some hawks, dc iciid on them for a considerable part ? f their livelihood The little Bpar ow-hawk lives very hugely upon oasshoppers, crickets and beetles, .nd even one of the larger hawks fe ho Swainson hawk of ?he Western ?laina- at certain seasons destroys nough of these injurious insect;, te ether with small rodents, to save ho Western farmer upwards of a (Undred thousand dollars a yea r If all Insects preyed upon veget? lr?n our Irmiilrv Into flin Vallie Of all Insects are destructive of vege tation, and theil' relations to each other and to bird? are very complex and puzzling. Tin? insects that feed on vegetation ut some stage or ol hel ot' their existence probably encounter all others, both In number of species and of individuals; but there are two other classes of Insects which deserve attention here, the predaeeons "nd the parasitic. Tho predaeeons in sects, either in the adult or larval state, feed upon other insects und hence in tho main are beneficial. It would seem, therefore, that in so far as birds destroy predaeeons insects rio them harm. That birds do de stroy a greater or less number can not be denied, but as many species of this group secrete nauseous fluids, which serve, In a measure at least, to protect them, and as many are of retiring habits and not readily found, the number destroyed by birds ls rel atively not large. Moreover, some of the predaeeons Insects, when Insect food ls not available, become vege tarians, and hence assume thc; role of enemies of the farmer; so that when birds destroy predaeeons In sects they may be doing the farmer either a good turn or an ill turn, according to circumstances. The relation of birds to (he so called parasitic insects ls still more Intricate and puzzling. Parasitic In sects fill a very important place in (be economy of nature; it is even claimed by entomologists that they do more effective service in aiding to kee)) true ibo balance in the Insect world than any other agency. They attack insects in every stage of ox isence and insure their destruction by depositing eggs, on, or in. the bodies ol' adults, their larvae (tb?' worm or caterpillar stage 1, their pupae, or their eggs. Now. birds recognize 110 line distinctions in the insect world. All is grist that conies to lin4 avian mill, and parasitic insects are snap ped up by birds without the slightest regard to Hu- fact thal they are use ful to man. Hence we have a compli cated problem to unravel in respect to the InerrolatiOn of insect pests, ol insect parasit?es that destroy them, and of birds that destroy both pest and their parasites. Hawks and Owls Beneficial. The hawks and red owls spend most of their lives in killing small rodents. Their work is complementary. Hawks hunt their prey between Ibo hours of daylight and dark; owls hunt in tho early evening and morning hours, or by moonlight; sometimes when pressed by hunger by day. The bulk of the depredations on birds and chickens due to hawks is ore too often* made victims of a bad name; for while both species occa sionally snatch a chicken, tb? habit ia far too uncommon to justify the name "hen-hawk." The good those two big hawks do in the long run by Mode) of Fcotiomy. A certain farmer who is noted foi his closeness in money matters bas a IL' year Old son, who is industrious as his father in penurious. Recently the lather and son made a compact whereby the hiller would receive ten cents for every cord :>. wood be sawed and piled in the wood shed. Immedintoly the boy beca Ul o very busy af Hie wood pile and his earning have been piling up al a rapid rate, his mot her kroping her son's hard earned savings for bim "What are you going lo do with all your money?" the thrifty youth WHS recently asked. "Coin' to bin a new saw with if," was Hie reply. Democratic County (Nm vent ion. On Saturday, April ??, the various county precinct clubs of the Demo cratic party of all the counties will meet, to elect delegates to th* county convention which meets on May -1. i<Jnch club is entitled to ono del?gale for 25 members or majority fraction thereof and at the county convention 10 delegates will be elect ed for the State Democratic conven Hon which meets May 20 in Cd bul bin. The precinct dubs will organ izo with the election of a president, a vjeo president, and a secretarj and treasurer. She was a little girl and very polite. 'Twas (he first lime she had been on a visit alone, and she had been told how to behave, ' Kow, KHiel, should they ask you lo stay and dine, you must say, 'Ko, thank you, 1 have already dined." It turned out just as papa had anticipated. "Come along, Ethel," said the host, "You must have a bite willi us." "No, (bank you," said the dignified little girl. "I have already billen." "When a man In search of a home or business Ional ion goes lo a town and linds everybody full of hope and enthusiasm over prospects of the place, he too, soon became imbllhcJ with the same spirit, drives down his stakes and goes lo work with equal interest. "Pa, what ls the menning of In consistency?" asked Freddy. "Inconsistency, my son," explained pa, "moans n man who growls all tiny and then goes home and kicks tho dog for barking at night."-- Har ?w.r'u Weekly. e cheaper advice is to got the it costa to follow it. JOKHAN 1'IW?CS ItKDVCTlOX. President ?if C0?011 Association AU" vlst'S Farmers lo Curtail Acreage. In a signed stn lemont lo (lie far mers of thc South Issued lasl ween, Marvle Jordan, president ol' the Southern Cotton association, urges a reduction in cotton acreage of 33 per cent. Unless this is done, ho says, prices will bo lowered in the fall. Mr. Jordan also Urges grow ers lo hold to what remnants of cot ion they have JI is statement says in partt "With a shortage in the world's supply of colton amounting lo 4,000 000 bales, due lo bad seasons last, year, the price of cotton ?ouiinnes to go steadily down. American mills have been for some lime cur tailing tho manufacture of colton goods, due lo trade depression and the condition of tho foreign trade ls none too bright at tho present time. If the same acreage is planted in cotton (In's year thal was plantel in 1907 and followed by good snsmis in America, India and Kgypt, the growers will lind bul lit ?le or no profil in tim harvest nevi fall." THE HASTIO H S KA SON. This Week the Most Sa? red of the Whole Year. Last Sunday was Palm Sunday. WhiCh is Olio ot' tie- linet netallie days of I he year, being the last Suil day in I.cul. the li rsl day ol Holy Weeli and the Sunday immediately preceding Waster, lt ?'.onunemornlos christ's iriumphal entry into Jerusa lem, accompanied hy th?' mullllude who greeted ll in, with hosannas, waving palm branches and scatter ing thom before Him in Hu- way. All over (he world, 'he week ron moncing with Palin Sui)lay is observ ed as tho most sacred ol' all the year. There is now hardly a country on the globe which does not hold some to whom its obbservances are anion?, the most precious of their experi ences. Many of the churched of cer tain denominations are decorated with Howers and evergreen-;. In tin? observance of the Faster season, which many rind so spiritual ly helpful, we have Hie stimulus of a sense of Oneness, knowing that we join with an innumerable company of worshippers. The coming Sabbatn is Kasler, and on that clay, at least, Ibo whole Christian world is one. In commemorating and rejoicing in tho .v^. ......... ullgtil ??l lit; cans?' his parents objected u> his marriage to Hattie Majkowski, aged 17 years. Louis llolski, aged IS years shot and seriously wounded the gill al her home Friday morning. tlolski called on his sweetheart ibo night before and a quarrel fol lowed, Ile told her that he had come to kill bet and kill himself. ".My mother says you can't have mo," he said, "and if I can't marry you. I'm geing to end it all." Hofore the girl could cry out, Itol ski bad pulled a revolver from bis pocket and tired at her. The girl Ff 11 and Itolski ran away. Miss Majkowski said that Itolski had declared that be put two bullets, ODO for ber and one for himself. Holski and the girl have been keep ing company two years. His mother however, objected to their marriage and Ilolski bad been despondent. * destroying rats and mice far more than compens?t es the farmer for tho insignificant damage bc suffers at their talons. Holli hawks and owls often swal low theil' prey entire or in large frag and often some of tlx- feathers. Avian and vet) some of Ile- feathers. Avian digestion ls both good and rapid, but is is unequal to the task of assimila ting such substances, and accordingly both hawks and owls throw up I hose rojecla in the form ot" neatly rolled pellets. In studying the food habits of birds of prey much use is made of the e pellets, and the vicinity of a nest of a pair of horned owls, for instance often contains an unmistak able i e< ord of the hirds' food, and perhaps that of tho yoe.lg, for mon' ,, or even years. Fr?un the foregoing it will at once appear (bal th?' practico of ??fHuing bounties Indiscriminately for tim bead- of hawks and owls, as bas boen done by some stat?'s, is a mis take and results not only i" the wasting of public finnis, but in the destruction of valuable lives, which can In- replaced, if al all, only with ??.real difficulty and alter the lapse of a (erm of years. In no ono partic ular does the public, especially the sportsman and fanner, need to be educated more than in the value of hawks. The temptation to shoot a hawk or owl, perching or Hying, is well nigh irreststable, and the bad habit is having the natural result of so reducing the numbers of these birds as to make it Impossible for the survivors to do the work nature Intended (beni to do. Tho notable Increase of noxious rodents In tb? bust decade in certain parts of the United Slates and the resulting dntu agO (o crops without doubt ure due in no small part lo tho destruction of their natural enemies, chief of which aro tho birds of proy. Ignorance of tho law does not ex case any one. 1 PICKS UK VW Alt!) TO WIN. Columbia Banker Says Ho Will Bc (lu* Next Senator. That Duncan Clinch Heyward will bo thu next United States Senator from South Carolina is the opinion expressed by W. A. Cia rh, presi dent of Die Carolina National Hank, of Columbia, in an interview in The Washington. Post. "The contest between Bx-Gov .lohn Cary Evans and ox-Cov. I Icy ward will he hard fought probably," says Mr. ("lark, "but 1 think thc latte) will win. He ls a high class man in every respect, and is allied with no element." Mr. Clark predicts the reelection of Gov. Ansel next fall without ser ious opposition, and savs the Dem ocrats will be Cor Divan in tho na tional congress and the Republicans for Taft. * ALDERMAN ls EXPELLED. Norwood's Name Erased from Rolls of Columbia City Council. At a meeting Tuesday night the Columbia City Council erased from the roll of members the name ol' Feaster A. Noorwnod. ' for conduct unbecoming an Alderman," because he recently pleaded guilty before ?a magistrate of petit larceny. Not a dissenting vote against the resolution expelling him was cast. FREAK Ol'' LIOHTMNO. Kills TWO Horses Rut Did Not Kill the Driver, Tuesday morning lightning struck ?* buggy, driven b> Pasey Tracey, a farmer, heat' Adams station, (?a. lt shattered a wheel and killed the two horses. The bolt ran to the leather reins and divided into two parts, fol lowing tho nuns to t he heads of the horses. Mr. Tracey was shocked, but not seriously in jared. A tuan who sent a dollar l'or a ''poltllo bug killer'' received two blocks of wood witii the following direc t ions: "Take the block which is No. 1 lu the righi hand, place the bug on No. ?2 and press them together. Ro says: There is no sense in sending dele gates who can not be trusted to truly represent the State, and at thc same time exercise judgment. If the sentiment be in favor of Bryan, let the convention elect only those who are known to favor Bryan, but do not bind them hand and foot and send them as mero baggage checked to Mr. Bryan. While favoring him. circumstances may arise where the delegates might deem it advi ?able to vote for some other man and they should be free to exercise their judgment. The State says the .Tournai and Review "is laboring under a misap prehension; it is not a question of trust, it is a question of representa tion. If delegates are sent to Na tional conventions to speak for themselves, act upon their judgment and be responsible to none, then they should be free to vote as they please. But if they are going to bear a message from the State of South Carolina to the other Demo crats of the country and to vote, not for themselves, but for the ma jority of the Democrats of South Carolina then the judgment of South Carolina should be binding. " If The Journal and Review will consider for a moment it will con cede that delegates instructed to vote for a certain candidate are not "as mere baggage checked to" that man, but are sent to discharge the honorable duty of representing their State at the convention, and declar ing the expressed will of their peo ple as regards candidates for the presidency. That is, in our judg ment, a higher honor than represent ing themselves, or exercising perso nal judgment. It is also more in harmony with Democrat ic principles. If a majority of the Democrats of South G&rolina advocated the nomi nation of Mr.Bryan as the standard bearer of the party, South Carolina's vote should be cast for him; the peo ple may be in error but it is of first consequence that their will, right or wrong, be declared. If, on tho other hand, the people have no choice, no preference, no favorite, then they must rely upon the judg ment of the delegation. The ques tion seems to us a very simple one for Democrats to decide." TRIO Evening Sun, a bright paper started at Creonville some time ago, has suspended publication. Tino American made watch that is sold to the English retailer f< r $7.41 costs the American retaileh $10.15. This may explain why the "friends of the tariff" want the job of revising it, says the Commoner, THE Pr? sident is said to threaten a veto of the public buildings bill in order to force Cmnp-rono to pro A KING'S FOCKETS. Someone Ila's Ascertained Precisely What He Carrier in Them. Uko ovory man who carries the look of his doth, s Klug Rd ward earlies very li:tlo In his pockets besides a handkerchief, in his waistcoat pock et he carib's a gobi pencil case, a cigar cutter, u little pass loy, a gold watch, carefully regit lat td by Green wich, time, and a h.Mr a uo/.en sover eigns. In his coat pocket ne canns a tln> notebook and in the winter he puts his gloves in ?he nocKOt of his topcoat, This king never carries a cif ai-case, except a gold case which holds one cigar, bul be always has a small box of lozenges. Unlike Ms nephew, the Kaiser, he never carries a fountain pen in his pockot. Hearing Roth Side?. Last summer there died at Wash ington a lawyer who f ir many years bud shocked a large lunn ocr of ins friends hy his rather liberal views (ouching religion. A friend ot the deceased, who ont short a Canadian trip lo hurry back io Washington tor tho purpose ol at tending the last riles of his colleague, entered the late lawyer's home some minutes ai icu- tho beginning of t in service. "What part of Ibo servile |s this?" he inquired in a whisper ol another legal friend standing in the crowded Hallway. "I've Just (one- myself," said 'ho other, "but I believe lin - ve opened for (he defense."- Harpei Weekly. Oldest CocyrccirTtiona! Pastor. The oldest Congregational pastor in langland is i he Kev. Thomas Loni, of Horneas! le, Lincolnshire,. Al though he eui.ip, led his ninety ninth year on April 22 last, Mr. Lord still takes a'tive pail in religious work, licetml\ kc preached bis lite thous andth sermon on the seventy-third anniversary of his ordination. Ow lng to falling eyesight the veteran pastor has lo (rust entirely to lils memory, which is so cleat thal beean recite entire chapter's of scripture, Farthest Point North. Point Harrow, Alaska, is Unele Sam's farthest point north. A lol ler i ron) liol roll lo Point Harrow goes firs! by train lo Seattle. ?,!?00 miles; then by ocean steamer lo Nable/.. 1,(100 miles farther north and west; then dog sleds, over Ice and snow 2,700 m les more io lb? north and west. The letter travel; in one direction over 6.SOO milos-all 'I.<> dlnlHnco In director of customs is to announce (he (irst of euell ll) on Hi thc rate of ex change thal ls to govern for Hie mont h. Kor September, H*07, tito premium on gold was IIXOM at 47.s por cent. ? ......._ To Improve thc Port of Valparaiso. A loan of $,..,."i n.onn at f> per cent has been accepted by the (lovorumcnt of Chile, (he proceeds lo lie used in Improving Ibo pori of Valparaiso, lt ls proposed lo donlde the capacity ot the docks and increase the facilities of the custom house lt is stated the wank is lo he taken up immediately and pushed io completion. No Concoll?tlori Orders. Manufactures of halbriggnii under wear from all paris of New York State, represen I lng at least {io per cen! of this bu fd ress there, recently met In tillea, and, aller a general dis cussion of Hie market conditions, un animously adopted a resolution tp (be effect that the milis would accep! no cancellniion orders. Cleveland Annexing Boroughs. Cleveland is liol content willi hav ing become tue cbiel ellj ii' Ohio b> the census of 1000, bul has ms! voted (? annex one ol lier fiourisiung sub urbs. The Ch velan ! i nader confiden tly prophesies Ibu) lo lr olhci suburbs will bc annexed t<> that eily bet?re li'io. He'll Divide, He Says. Congressman Nicholas l.ongwort.h'8 answer to (lu report illili he has won $3,000,000 on Wall street, ls In sub stance, that he'll divide wi.h (he man v. ho pro vt sit. Tea 7 Cent? n Pound. Ono tea company lu India has nn dei cultivation YAM acre..;, while an other has 1,303 acres, lt costs to pro duce the len and place it in (ho mark ci at Calcutta from 7 to !' cents a pound. If you arc looking for " gloomy Ihings you will be pref \ e lb lind them. Hui If you ai MUK for lim brlgh* thincs yon < , ..iso he pretty sure of ?ndlnp "How If y< boy nt college gel ting ab . ais language studies?" "Ile lug .ins! a boil I even. He ha ned ICllgliflh and learned hi .. i talk baseball." "Why did >on resign from Hie vege tal ian club?" "1 was expelled because 1 called one of Hie members a calf."- Fliegende Hlacttar. Frlond-An' how's yer wife, Mike? Mike-Sure, she's awful sick. Friend- -Is it dangerous she ls? Mlko-No, she's too wonk to be dangerous nny more. FOUI. MAN 1RIBE8. Tho Cherokc ? Are the Mo3t Advanced ir. Civilization. Tho Ch' i s, who trucked De Solo's foo th lens for many weary daya while he was marching through the Southern forest? and swamps and who la?c? welcomed Oglethorpe to Georgia, aie Hu- un st advanced In dians lu civilisation ?nu the most caner for education, spending $200,000 a year on their schools and colleges. The Chickasaws have live colleges, with "10(1 students, maintained at a yearly cost of $4ii,U?0. They niuo have thirteen district schools, costing Sio, ouo. The Choctaws have 150 schools, In some of which the higher branches are taught. Thc Semin?les, one of the smaller tribes, have ten colleges and tdxty. live common schools, with a total attendance of 2,.",00. Neets of the Golden R?i c. Every pair of eagles whose habits I have had an opportunity of watch., lng over a period of a few years would seem to have Invariably at least Iwo alternative sites fer Ihelr nests; some have three, and 1 know of one willi foin sites In fad. : only know of one pair out of many .ned, habitually resort to hui one pla. and only one. The reason for this is, however ap. pan nt, for owing to its situation it. has never been disturbed. Ttl? nest is in a small cavern on the lace ot an absolute wall uf limestone rock tonie MM) feet high, at about 40?) feel from tho summit. Above tho ? liff ls a talus of foose stone at an ungle ol' iii degrees oi so, above which ?ir,.on risc ut her precipices. To reach the nearest point above this nest would be a long day's work. I '"" " i The Double Canal6 on Mars. For the ii rsi time the much-discuss, ed double canals on the planet Mars have been ca tig h l on a photographic p?ale. Professor David Todd of Am herst College did it, 15,000 feet above sea level in the Chilean Andes, with his flue eeles tal camera, made hy Caer; net ?if Chicago, especially for the college telescope, which has an object glass ks itu hes in diameter, and is the largest ever used In tho Som bei n In inlsphere. Joke on Governor Hoch. There seems to he a joke on Gov. ernor Hoch of Kansas, lie appoint ??i ? \\..,i.. "f r-ir,i,ri ?Vmntv a ' ' laullon tJa! y .vas the def mit. indu "JIVI. ?iocii Untitz linn. Has the Freedom of Morocco. At lens) one European has the free dom of Morocco without danger of molestation or capture. Mme. Du Dasi, a pretty society woman of Dar. is. wlio had visited the country oe.. fore, was commissioned sometime ago by the French Government to Investigate and report on the agricul tural resources of Morocco. She has made many journeys into the inter ior, being furnished with escorts sometimes by Raisuli, tne famous bandit; sometimes by the pretender Muley Mohammed, and occasionally hy the Sultan himself. Rattles of the Rattlesnake. Thc rattles of the rattlesnake. He edgewise. lt is evident that they must do so. inasmuch as they are but continuations of the backbone. The snake carries the rattles on the ground except when he raises them to sound his warning. This will bo evidenced hy the fact taut in every snake of any si/.e thal ls killed tho rutiles are worn through on lae na iler side. Mr. Jacob A. Rlls tells Of a little hoy who earned his living hy black ing hoots. Every Sunday he attend ed a mission school. This school, through its well-meaning teachers, decided to have ;i Christmas tree. Tho gifts for the pupils were provided for them hy the teachers and onie pat. rons of the school, Jimmy, the bootblack was thero Christmas Eve, but was much dis appointed when his present proved to he ;i copy of Drowning s poems. Ho folded ii can fully in the paper in which he received it, and took lt home. The next sunday the superintend" ent of the mission School announced ?hat any child who was disappointed with his or her gift could exchange lt. Jimmy marched boldly to the front with his. "What have you there, Jimmy?" ''Browning, slr." "And what do you want In ex change?" "Blacking, sir." Queen of Siam's Jewels. The Queen of Siam possesses tho fuient collection of jewels In tho world. The walls of her bed chamber are literally abla'/c with precious stones, while In a safe in her Majesty's a pnrtmonta are diamonds, rabies, pearls and emeralds fashioned into quain! necklaces of fabulous value. One little article alone, intended to serve as a thimble, is In tho shapo of a lotus flower and ls valued at ?15,000. Only those things that are put into living are loamed. _