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'Do Thou Liberty Great. Inspiro Our Souls and Make Our Lives iu Thy Possession Happy, or Our Deaths Glorious in Thy .?u?t Defenoe." VOL. XXVI BENNETTSVILLE, S. C., EjilDAY, MA11CH 15. 1901 . i i' <n Lim i i,!.mini.,. ...mm,. ." n.n, , ^ mmm...._J . - NO HELD IN SLAVERY. Result of th? investigation of tho Anderson Grand Jury. A PLAIN RECITAL OF FAG VS Direct Charges Preferred Against ? hooo Quilty ot Falso Imprisonment and of Barbarity. Thospooinl committee of the Ander son Cou?ty Grand dury appointed by .Tudgo Bbnot to invostignto oortain chargea against largo land owners in that ooanty ruado ita roport laat Thura day to tho oourt. Tho oommitteo Says tbnt in tho oaso of Magistrato J. J.'Gilmor wo find that for Homo timo past ho has boen in tho habit of ieauing warrants and aauaing arroatB and frcquontly ooinini?ting no ouBod persons to jail without cvor ontor ing tho oaso upon bio dookot. This is oapooially truo whoro tho casos havo ?boon compromised aftor tho arrosts woro madot Wo find that from Sopt *Wt '1899, to Jan. 12, 1901, ho mado paymont to tho county ?roaburcr of a numbor of finoa and horns of oosta ool lootodbv bim, but that during that timo ho oollooted through tho ehoriff'a oil! JO alono $34 80, whioh properly colonga to tho county and failed lo pay thom ovor to the oounty treasurer n* required by law. Ho also collo jtod $18.80, whioh ho failed to turn ovor. Wo find that Fob. 19,1901, after thia investigation was begun, tho said J. J. ttiimor paid to tho county ircaauror tho pum of $53.20 to oovor these amountB. Whilo wo havo not boon permitted, for tho laok of timo, to mako a full inves titration of all tho irregularities of this ornoo, wo aro oonvinood bo has been guilty of tho grossoBt irregularities, and.wo would BUggost that iv oomplotu invoatigation of hia books and nooounts should bo had and that ho should bo ?roBontcd for misapnropriation of tho unds BO oollcotcd by him. THE FATE OF \\ I LI/ HULL Regarding tho arrest of tho Nogro Will Hull, whioh you wero dire clod by tho oourt to invstigato, wo find that a warrant waa issued by Magistrato Gllmor for tho arrest of this Negro upon an affidavit of A. T. Nowoll, oharging him for a violation of labor oontraot, and that W. S, Nowell, a brother of tho prosecutor, was dopu tizod by tho -Magistrato to sorvo said warrant; that tho oonatablo ao donn tissed requested tho donn ty sheriff, J. A. bellingham, to go along with him and assist in making tho said arrost and representing that (bald Hull would probably oroate troublo whon arrestod and that tho a??istanoo of tho deputy ahoriff would bo needed. Tho arrost was mado on Friday night " " Und Chu Nc ?A o wAO-bvought to. A*tdr>rs<*~ on tho samo night. Tho deputy fhoriff * sr ;?goutod that the prisoner bo taken to jail, but tho Nogro said that ho would profor tp go on. with W. S. Nowoll, and that Mr. Nowell informed tho deputy that tho magistrato had instruotcd him that ho should carry tho prisoner on homo with him. j Subsequently tho magistrato was in formed by tho proseoutor that tho onso had boon oompromisod and that tho Negro had agrocd to clay with him and work out his oontraot. Tho roat of tho faots woro brought out in opon oourt. Wo oxonorato tho deputy sheriff from all blamo in tho matter. Tho prinoipal work of this oommit too ban boon tho. investigation of tho stookades of tho oounty and tho abuBC of laborers undor tyrannous oontraot j that has grown out of tho fanning '.?ut. of con vi ot ? and tho working of froo laborors with them. Wo havo t ikon tho testimony of moro (han 50 poi Bons -that of tho landlords, their overt oors and guards, togothor with a k'go numbor of laborers and a fow otb ir citizens. In those investigation ve havo boon treated with every oourtosy and gonorally wo havo found no dispo sition to obstruct our work upon tho part of thoEo whoso farms and stock ades wo visited. A most oaroful inquiry failod to ro voal that any general abuso of tho la boring olaes exists in this oounty, so that our work soon narrowod down to thoseplaoos whoro Btookados existed and freo laborors woro employed. Wo , visited tho farms of J. Bolton Watson, A. T. Nowoll, P. B. Allon, J. lt Miller, Elias MoGoo, W. Q Hammond and J. 8. Fowlor. T1IEBE EXONERATED. Wo woro unable to find any abusos . at tho farm of J. B. Watson. Ho basa st?okado and works freo laborors also, but wo found no tvidonoo that froo la borers were put in tho rtookadcB and worked in lino with tho oonviots, or tubjootcd to any illegal restraint, or abuso. Tho samo thing wos truo at tho farra of P. B. Allon. Wo found that he had takon two oontraots in whioh tho la borors agrood to work undor guard and bo looked up at night, but his own ov "Sdoooo and that of all tho laborers so far as we could ascortain, was that thone provisions had never bcon en forced. A, T. Nowoll works Stato oonviots and has a stockade, but ho has worked no froo laborors along with tho oon viots rooontly, whon ho has taken two oontraots of that sort. Ono of thoso waa tho oaso of tho unfortunate Negro Will Hull, who wos killed by W. S Nowoll a fow wooka ago and whoso oaso is roforrod to above "FRER LAEOR J. It. Millor formorly workod oon viots, but thoy woro takon away by tho 8tato, and ho now omploys only "froo" labor, if indood wo may UPO tho word froo to dofloribo thoso laborors who have signod his oontraots and aubjootod thomsolVOS to tho conditions existing on his farm. Ho has a stookado whioh was originally built for his Stato oon viots and his oontraots pr?vido that tho "froo" laborors will work undor guard and will allow thomsolvon lookod up at night. Our first investigations at this plaoo woro mot by a statement from tho ne groes that thoy woro natisfied wi(. their treatment, but thoir manner iuui* outed oooroion and ?ubscquontly wo mado furthor investigations whioh con vinced ns that J. It, Millor, and his ov?raeor, J. A. ISraorson, had boon guilty of whipping nogroos, looking thom up at eight, working-thorn uudir guard and putting ehaokles upon thom. Among thoso unfortunates woro John Harrison, Wili Wright, Warron Sloan and Liogo demon. Wo found sovoral of Mr. Millor's oontraots loft biauk as to tho timo of soivioo and amount to bo paid, though tho oontraots woro duly signed and witnessed. In tho OV.SO of Warron Sloan, ho scorned to havo boon arrested by J. ll Miller and another man. whoso namo wo oould not asoortain, noar Oontral, in P.okons county, Tl) oro i y tooti mo ny that no warrant-wan oxhibitod, if any oxi,tod, but ho was handcuffed and takon to Mil lor's stookado and kopt thcro until this investigation began. Since our first visit to this stochado ho was turnod looso and allowed to ao homo. In our judgement, tho said J. ll Milior and J. A. Emorson should bo presented by tho grand jury for tho oifapsoo abovo tticntionod, and wo so reconnut nd. BUAS MCCJKE'S PLAN. In many respects tho most rotnark ablo oise coming undor our notioo is that of Elias Mcgoo, who has novcr om ploy od Stato oonvioti, but who built a stockado and prepared to troat his Ia borers ?s oonvio's. His oontraots pro vido that tho laborers Ehall bo worked undor guard and lookod up at night and thcro was abuudaut ovidouoo to show that be had lockod up in tho stookado, worked under guard and whipppod his laborers Among those who suffered a part o; Ml of thqnoabusoBO wero Wesley Noraao. V ndy Earlo, Y a rio V Smith, George Tilly, <John Clinksoalos, Ular onoo G ail Hard, Evins Wood, Louis Aloxuidor, Morris lord ai. Somo of theso negroes bad boon arrested aud signed contracta after being put under arrest. John Clink:oilos was aoouscd by Elias MoGco of stoaltag o"rn, was brought to Anderson handcuff id and after ho had fligood a contract, bub without any trial, turnod over to W. Q Hammond, who carriod him to tho lat tor's stockado. Wo think tho grand jury should mako proBontment against Elias McGee, and wo BO recommend. W. Q. Hammond runB a largo farm in this county and employs a oonsiior ablo number both of Stato oonviots and "freo" laboror?. Ilia cootI-?O?B pr?vido that tho "froo" laborer? shall bo workod ucdor guard and luokod up at night, and thoy suffer th's illcgil imprison ment and moro, for tho evidonoo shows that a num'ior of these unfortunates havo boon worked under tu nd and gun, havo boon lookod up at night and on Sundays and havo IK on shaoklcd and whippod. Among thoso who suffered bhoso thu gs ab tho hands of Mr. Ham ! mond acd his ovorsocrs, Wm. Bailoy, ' james Martin and Day, aro tho following: Inhalo Abercrombie Pink Hogers, James Ulintion, John Howoy, Tom Parks, Chi doy Johnson and John Clinksoalos. . Several of thoso woro .in jail at tho limo of /syir examination. Thov had bcon indicted last fall for gambling, had boon taken out of jail on bond by Mr. ..Hammond and kopt at his farra without trial until tho investiga I tion bogan, whoo ho surrendered thom baok to tho sheriff. [ - -Tho. ?ogro. Tom .Parks, whoBO oas? was called to tho attontion of tho grand jury by tho providing judge, was ro loasod almost immodiatoly thereafter. Ho was takon foroibly and without trial under ono of tho labor oontraots aboyo, referred to and confined in tho stockade workod with tho oonviots and suffered tho ?thor abuses abovo montionod un til this investigation was begun. Wo loam that perhaps a sooro of other la borors hold undor similar oontraots have loft this farm during tho pasb fow wooks. Ooo of thom, Pink Hogers, states that ho was given a whipping of 50 lashoB by Wm. Hailey at tho stook ado. Wo think that tho faots disolosod do maud that W. Q. Hammond, JamoE Martin, Wm. Bailoy and-Day should bo proBontod by tho grand jury for tho violation of law abovo montion od and wo so reoomm->nd. J. S. howler, who first used tho con tract providing for froo laborors to bo treated an oonviots, workod undo) guard, lookod up, oto., employs a eon sidcrablo numbor of oouviots and also of tho so-called "froo" laborors. Ht has two stookades, ono of whioh is un dor tho supervision of Jamos Cook nm whioh wan formerly managed by Willi MoG cc. Tho otbor is undor tho oharg< of Lovi Thomas. At thoso farms tin oonviots and "froo" laborors havo boot workod together undor a guard win oarrios a gun, thoy havo boon locket up at night and somo of thom whippod Thoro"was no ovidonoo of any of thou having boon shackled. 8omo of thou bad bcon aoousod of trivial offense and woro put undor oontraob to wor! out dob tn or to repay monoy advance for thom. Jamos Evans, Baylis Artor Alonzo Lark, Frank Bowlan. John Bell Robert Brown, Foster Butlor, Dan Hill Willis llarpor, Joo Whitfiold, Jir. Rion, John Gilliam, Turner Walker Androw Dobbs, Dock Froeley an Drayton Whoolor aro somo of tho nc groes who havo boon oonfinod in Mi Fowl or'B Btonkado. Willis MoGco, Jamos Dook, ha\ Thomas, Gcorgo Thomas and Mik Robbins should havo proo?ntmonl mado against thom by tho grand jut for whipping difforontonos of thoso m groen. Willis MoGoo was ospooial otuol. It was testified that ho ho givon thonorgo Baylis Artor 100 lasht on ono occasion and that ho whippe Roboit Brown most Bovoroly at oruolly and on ono ooeasion shot in timos ab Drayton Whoolor, ono of tl bullo ts punning through Whcoler's ha Tho testimony goos to show th Goorgo Thomas shot at Dook Frooh and that ho was also ready ab tho whi pings. Androw Dobbs was found to bo BU fering from rheumatism whioh ho sa; was brought on by boiog oompollod stand almost waist doop in mud ai walor in oold wcathor ditohing. I waa arrosted by A. M Bailoy, who h boon aoting ns a oort of constable f J. S. FowloV but was novor tried. J. i Rico is a negro of rather woak mit who was oapturod Romowhoro in Get gia and ohanrod with having ?soap from J. S. Fowlor's stookado in th io un ty. Upon being brought horo was found that ho was not tho man was suspected of hoing but novortl loss aftor hoing kopt for sovoral da in tho stockado he ontorod into ono tho labor oontraots and has boon in t stookado for sovoral months, thou unwillingly thoro. A numbor of "frc laborors havo loft Mr. Fowlor's fa: ainoo thoso investigations woro fi begun but somo unwilling ones w< st ill in tho s to ok ados whon wo visit thom V/'V;' ..' .. ' . Wo found no ovidenoo to oonncot Mr. Fowlor in any way with tho whip pings of those laborers,- but ho was a party to thoso ootraots whioh provided for tho illegal imprisonment and work ing undor guard of tho laborors and is rosponsiblo for thoso provisions boin g unforced and that presentment should bo mado against him thorofor. Wo submit horowith tho mcmorauda of tostimony whioh wo havo takou whioh will show to tho oourt and solio itor moro fully tho faots whioh wo havo reporlod and will onablo thom to got tho namos of tho wltnossos to provo Buoh faots. It is propor that wo should add that muoh of tho abuso has alroady boon corrected as a result of .this in vestigation and that somo of tho par tios havo boon to us with tho assuranoo that they would immediately correct tho ovils oxisting on their farms to which wo havo called attention, Owing to tho widespread inQuonoo ind eff ot that follows any publio dis Mission of tho quostion of farm labor n this Stato and tho result that many 'ollow a prcBontmont suoh as wo pro POBO it is propor that wo should in dos. rig this loport ontor into a briof dis mtnion of tho iniluenoos that havo jr ought about tho ovils roportod and nako (suggestions as to tho romodios horofor. Wo havo hoard iumors that his investigation has already oroatod \ widodprcad intorost and that thc oon lilionB have bcon disjuaaod with somo feplins hu^ wo havo as far as. possiblo '" avoided ioading anything published or -nid in this respect in order that wo night pursuo our investigations without ?ny itfluonoe or bias from any quarter. Tho quostion of farm labor in thia State is a vory difficult ono ami tho present lawn regulating tho ?amo aro Dsutfioiont. Tho negroes whom wo found oou incd in tho stookade wore composod argoly of a dam of shiftless debtors vho aro subjoot tr. indiotmont for petty iffonso, and who oould not bo suoooss 'ully workod undor ordinary contract*. They aro mon who havo no proporty, ind mon who ovado thoir debts unless ?ompollod to pay them, Against thom ho prooops of a oivil oourt is worth CBS; that of tho criminal court under ixisting laws is inadequate. Somc hiog should bo done by tho legislature ,o grado tho punishment of this class looording to tho offonoo. Bat tho worst rouble bas not boon in tho dofeot of tho provisions of tho law so much as ts enforoomont. It has oomo to bo a tcttlod polioy in tilt) county that in liotmont for violation of oontraot and ;or disposing of proporty under lien ihould bo compromiso 1, and not triod. Wo aro oonvinood that this is wrong in [uinoiplo.&nd dangerous in practico. Whatever injustice may bo done an ndividual by disposing of proporty on vhioh ho has lion, or Dy tho violation >f a oontraot by ono of his employes, md whatovor foroo might bo givon to .ho effeot of ponai statutes to ioduoo pymont of dobts or fulfillment of con tacts that never has boon tho truo in cut and purpose of tho ponai statutes. They aro enaotcd to provont' publio wrong, end whon : a.r proscoutipn has >noo boon instituted and tho pOwor of .he criminal court invoked, tho quos ion of private rooompouBo should dis*. \ppoar, and tho publio interest; alono ibonld bo considered. Whilo this may .osult in Oooajioqal hardships, it is tho jnly safo'poliovV . Abuses will othor viso grow up until tho oriminal courts ?ro degraded into machines for privato jain, and ofton for extortion and op pression. In our judgmont it should bo i orimo to compromiso any oaso aftor udiotmont found with a viow of pri rato gain. Nor oan wo oondemn too sovoroly ?hat other fruitful souroo-in faot, tho irigin of tho abusoB horoin roportod ho loasing out of oonviots to ,work on irivato farms. Evils already detailed ?io too oloquent to nooossitato a dis )U8sion to provo this. Suoh a system ihould not bo toloratod aftor its results ?avo bcon exp.mod as in this oounty. IfVo havo heard it intimated that our nvostigations and oxposuros would listurb tho labor conditions to such an vxtont as to oroato troublo in this ?tato. Wo do not boliovo that it is ruo, but if it woro wo would not boni ato to doolaro tho ovils wo fino and to lemand that they should bo abolished, Tho duty of this body is plain: Wo oust stop tho violations of law that low exist, and if others bogin on tho ?art of tho laborors thomsolvos, thon vo will unito with tho law abiding dtizons of tho oounty in punishing and originating thoso evils. Tho roBult of our investigations show hat tho system of working them in itookados doos not exist in this ot uaty urthor than wo have roportod. l\ob ibly not aa many as twonty mon, either ts principal or agent, oither directly tr indirootly, have bcon engaged in his abuso. On tho other hand, tho tumbors of laborers and Honors who tavo violatod tho law will doublo that lumbor many timos. Wo thorotoro rcitorato that tho in luonoo of this grand jury, and we do mt hositato to tay of the oourt also, viii not bo ox to mic d to onablo any man io avoid a just oontraot, and that wo tiavo found that most of tho labor oon raots of tho oounty aro legal and just, [f violations of just contracts bogin as a roBult of tho investigation wo havo nado, wo suggest that warrants bo iworn out and prompt punishment ^iven. We havo not undertaken to as tumo tho responsibility of prosoouting -ho laborors who havo violated thoir 'oatraots, booauao tho position and io luonoo of tho landlord makos thom 'ully ablo to do that without assistaneo 'rom us. Thia speoial roport has boon fought about booauso of tho oppros don and abuso of men who wore too poor, too friendless, too ignorant and >fton too dograded to act for them (elves, but who aro nevertheless on .itlod to tho full protection of tho .law, md who booauao of thoir weakness bave a peculiar olatm to our protection. All of whioh is respectfully sub nittod. Drunk at tho Throttle. Tho Mosoow correspondent of tho bondon Daily Mail says: "During tho ioocnt heavy snowstorms 50 mon wore tent to oloar tho snow out of a railway tutting near Wolovo, on tho ltiasan Ural Uno. They woro jast lowing tho jutting when tho train carno clown it full spood and crushed about 30 mon nto shapoless ?nassos, thoir clothing dinging to tho axles and stopping tho rain. Inquiry shows that the ongino lrivor and all tho guards were drunk." A TRUE INDICTMENT Of the United States in Her Deal ing With Cuba. LIARS AND HYPOCRITES ' is What France ana* Spain Truth fully Say Wo Ar?. Our Country Disgraced Be foro Nations. Tho dealing of tho United Staten with Cuba io infamous. If you don't think BO road whs wo print below from tho Columbia Sta o: Tho Latin v.. COB aro ace UH to ta ed te sncor at tho hypoorlsy of tho Anglo Saxon. Fronohman, Spaniard and Ital* ian regard oant aa a characteristic of British and Amerioan expression, and thoy marvel muoh at tho ouriou t bout of mind whioh oausos tho men of theso nations to oloak all their ovil purposos with tho protonoo of high and holy mo tives. Evon moro do thoy marvol at this locan o tho oloak is threadbare from ovortnuoh uso and utterly fails to onnooal that whioh it ..Compta to oovor. Tho solomnity of this moral protonoo is nm'lo evon moro absurd by its utter fatuity. Doos tho Anglo Saxon DUO oood in fooling himpolf? atsk* tho La tin; how oan he? And nu ho can noithcr doludo himsolf nor tho rost of mankind by tho assumption of holiness in his worst works, what ia tho uso of itali? Tho Lcitio is nght. Io illili respect tho Anglo Saxon is hts inferior, for ho not only sins as freoly as any othor in dividual of tho human family but ho aids to that sin tho iurthor vioo of hy poorisy-and all to no effoot oxoopt tho creation of a universal disgust. Tho Litin docs not troublo himself to bo hypoorit'o tl. Ho takos a ploasuro rathor in boing frank about tho mo tivos for his wiokodnossos. If ho wishes to oonquor anothor ho admits that ho doos so for tho sako of glory; if ho wishes to soizo upon tho property of anothor ho aoknowlcdgos that ho is no tu a tod by tho desiro for loot; if ho witibos to appropriate tho rights of anothor ho proolaims that ho docs it for tho sako of power. Ho is abovo tho oOntomptiblo moanncss of alleging that ho indulgos thoso appotitos simply for tho good of tho victim, Whon tho United Statos wont to war with Spain in ordorto "liborato" Cuba, Spaniards and Fronohmon, relying up in thoir generalization of tiro Anglo Saxon oharaotcr. insisted that the pledge ?ontainoa in tho Teller resolu tion would bo violated and that a way would bo found to hold tho Cubans in subjection to tho oonquorora. Timo has j proven that thoy W(iro right; time'has , shown that tho honor of tho United Statos, plcdgod in^Mds^mataR?'^ as little regarded . ^?$$*m*t tod States adnii. of 1801: plcdg" * status quo r tolographed hv , ,., . fully kept/' actually Ja-\ agroomont.: whioh wo rond ii boforo tho'Close. . ''PPvrv*^^ to tho Cubans to'in ak o d?Vtttt&i Qbiiw with Spain for tho r??sotf;\ha^/tndy 1 would bo betrayed by tho United Statos and plaeed under alion control, woro proph?tie in thoir warning. The Cubans refused to-boliovo this, and wo could not imagino suoh bad faith in viow of tho professions with whioh tho war had boen ontorod upon; but tho ovont proved that thoy ' woro right. For a ooDooutratod oxhibit of Anglo Saxon hypoorisy in its most loathsomo form wo oommond to tho publio tho in augural address of Proaidont MoKinloy delivered rc.eon dy. Nothing ia Dick ons is moro ?Ilustrativo of that oon tomptiblo vioo than this deliverance of tho ohiof magistrate of tho Uni tod Statos on his assumption of tho powors of government for n sooond torin. Tho whole address is permeated with oant and falso protonoo. It givos ono tho oroops to read it. Tho prcsidont is "glad to bo advised by tho rcoont aot of congress of tho policy whioh tho legislativo branch of tho government dooms essential to tho bost intorosta of Cuba and tho United StatoB*'-a polioy whioh tho prosidont himsolf formulated and forood through congress by moans whioh oan bo oharaofcerizjd only as bribery. Tho samo nausoous protonoo of oboying tho mandato of congress is made in rogar? to tho Philippines-; whon oongress in this matter, a? in tho Cuban mattor, aotod only upon tho combined influonocs of monaco and SO duotion proceeding from tho executive. Tho address fitly oonoludos with tho assortion that "tho government's rep resentatives, civil and military, aro do ing faithful and noblo work in their mission of EMANCIPATION and merit tho approval and support of thoir oouo trymon." Faugh I We oonoludo with aa editorial from th) Chioago Timo8-Horald, whoso edi tor. Mr. Kohlsaat, is a personal friend of Prosidont MoKinloy and a Republi can. Lot tho administration bo judgod by an honest friondt But yesterday tho word of this ro publio might, liko that of Caosar'u, havo stood against tho.world. Today who so woak or aimplo in all tho oourts of nat una as to do it rovoronoe?? Tho Timos-Horald has a word of oommont t? o?for- upon tho Cuban a.nondmont to tho army bill as an orig inal proposition, lt may contain tho wisest provisions that oould bo dovisod for establishing poaoo and giving a atablo government to tho island. What we insist upon is that the Uni ted Statos was not freo to adopt any suoh conditions and.hang them about; tho nook of Cuba. It waa pledged to striko tho Spanish fottors from an op pressed and ahamofully abused pooplo, with a solothn disavowal of noy pur pose of substituting American rulo, howovor bonefioont, in its plaoo. Wo wish Tho Timos-Horald had tho spaoe to rc pro duoo ono tltlo of tho for vont utterances that aooompanlod tho adoption of tim now notorious res olutions of April 20, 1898; Thoy fill pages and pages of tho Uongrorinional Rooord, and in tho light of the notion of tho sonato this wook thoy ring falser than tho kiss of J udan. [ How tho senators hoped ' and prayed that tho stavVod and soourged podple of ,Cuba would uot bo bolrayod wltb tho 0 proud so of freedom ouly to bo taugty to look with suspicion and ha tred upon tho Stars and Stripes as thoy had lookod on tho hated yollow flag of Tho. air of both housos of o^ngrois wan surcharged with olootrio oloquonoo that, contrasted Amorioan honor with Spanish perfidy. Such a ooo! headed souator as Knuto Noja'on \ of. jMinnoBota dcolarcd that tudro wOf? "bettor and stronger grounds for our roaogniziog tho Cuban republic than ibero was for rooogoiz ta (Uno Uaitod 'Stat?B by Franoo in 1778< To ignoro Qomt z and tho Cuban republic," tuid he, "tooms to mu to bo oold,| ioy hoartlossno?S, unworthy a great.oa'ion and a nroat people." lotorvontion and indopondouoo for Cubs were on tho. lipa and in tho votos of a jnajoriiy of tho nonato, nod almost a unanimous house during tho night of April 18,1898, whou tho fanioutreso lutions wont baok and forth botwoon tho two houses until thoy oanio to a final agreement which lot slip tho ar m io H of tho United Hiatos for thc cnuuoipation of tho Ropublio of Cuba from tho thrall of Spain. Senator Stowart regarded "tho re cognition of tho indepondonco of Cuba as a ooadition precedent to any intor fcronoo whatovcr." Ho ropudiatod all suggestion of "hostilo constraint on patriots who have struggled as tho Cuban patriots havo." It was "with muoh hesitation and muah sadness" Senator Hawley dis cussed tho doolaration of tho indopond ouoo of Cuba whioh he opposed. Our own Senator Cullorn denounced Sjain as a robber nation, and appealed to overy "lovor of froodom and hu manity tho world over" to further tho saorod causo of Cuban indopondouoo. In concluding his speech on th? qaes tion April 15, 1898, this what Sona tor Toiler said in repudiating tho idoa of a war cf aggrandizement: ''Mr. ProBtdont, I want tho sonato, before wo oonoludo this debato, to say to tho world in tho moa otnphatio manner that wo do not in'obd in any way or manner io derivo bonclit from this inter vent on. Spain is too wonk and too poor to pay indemnity. I want tho bonato to ray that wo do nob in tend to take that (bland; that whatever wo may do as to eomo other isl?n'?, aa; to this island, tho groat bono of con tontion, wo do not intend to tako it from tho logally/'instituted authori ties of tho island ?,. L . aotablishod. "At tho proper timo, if no ono olso doos so, I propouo to oiler eomo arno nd mont to tho joint resolution that shall mako it oloar to tho world that it nhill not bo said by any European govern piont whon wo go out to mako battlo for tho liberty and froodom of Cuban patriots that, wo arc doing it for tho Ipurpo?O of aggrandizement for our ,'iolveu or inoroasing of our. territorial /holdings." And Mr. Tollor '.va? as good as his iword, as tho concluding disavowal of tho resolutions of April 20, 1898, tooti IficH. . - I Yot Senator Toiler '?st Tuosday volod ^^S?bTa?M?1! Jon of tho n> of tho ?h.and. MptolcB? . yuji&t??itttt bit,. o* tW HAT XS A GENTLEMAN*. Qunnor Morgan Has Proven Himself to ba Entitled to That Honor. What is a gontloman? lho question has boon variously answorcd. Admiral Sampson's view is that it requires cor iainppooifio advantages of carly educa tion and training to mako a gontloman. If that is so, thon gentlemanliness is an acquired art, not a natural gift. This is hot a groat advanoo on tho old English social doo .rino that gentlomon reborn, not made. But in this dora ooratio ago and ojuntry neither high birth nor liboral cduoatioh ia essential to tho making of a (ruo gontloman. Whon Qunnor Morgan, in spito of tho unfavorable endorsement of his lottor to Admiral Sampson, oallod on tho lat tor and expressed his rogrot that tho oorrespondonoo should havo boon so published as to annoy tho admiral, ho wont BO far to show himsolf a gontloman in tho true sonso of tho torm. It was a gontlo deed, justifying Stcolo's ob oorvfttion in tho Tatlor that "tho ap pellation of gontloman is nov?r to bo afhxod to a inan'fj oircumstancos, but to his behavior in thom." Old Ohau oors curiously spoil opinion; That ho is gentil that doth gontlo dedis still holde gooo in tho high oourt of oomrnon sonso. .We speak of mon "bohaving liko gontlomon," but tho phnso is un happy. A man cannot bobavo like a gontloman unless ho is ono-for affeo tation or insinoority is itself bad man nors. "Nothing oan oonslituto good brooding that has not good nature for ito foundation," says Bulwor. Thaokoray's definition of agontleman is ono to whioh thousands of men meas uro up who noyer saw tho insido of a eollogq or ovon a high sohool and havo no distinotion oit her of birth or wealth. "To bo a gontloman," says tho author of Vanity Fair, "is tobohonost," to bo gontlo, to bo gonorous, to bo bravo, to be wiso, and, possasaBingall thoso quali ties, to oxoroiso thom in tho most grace ful outward manner." Tho groat colon tint Huxloy puts it a littlo different and makes a just distinotion whon ho says: "Thoughtfulness for others, gonorosity, modesty, and self respect aro tho quali ties whioh mako a real gontloman or lady, as distinguished from tho veneered ?rdelo whioh commonly goos by that namo." , Judged by thoso high standards lt is quito probabJo that thoro aro as many real gontlomon among tho gunnors as among tho commissioned officers of ?nolo Sam's navy.-Now York World. .Ifivo Killed. ? vii ivo inon woro killed and two othors seriously injured in a mine aooident at tho lOuglosido zlno mluo in Contre Val* ley, Mo, Tho fivo mon killed wore oom fined in tho drift and tho othors woro in tho.main shaft. Karly this morning two shots had boon fired, but tho wholo ?ohftTgo failed to bxplodo. This aftornoori ,a wholo box of powder was sont into ?tho mino. Ono of tho mott a?oidontally dlflohargod an unoxpl?ded ohot and tho box of powdor waa sot off, te'B tilting in terri bio dos tr uot ion TAX MACHINERY. The Change? in the Law as to Mcking Returns. THE ACTS RECENTLY PASSED What U Now Provided as to the Requirement? for Insurance Companies Wot king In This State. Tko following ?B tho text ot tho aot passed at tho rcoont session of tho gen oral asBcmbly in rogard to tho making of returns of proporty for taxation, a moaBuro whioh is of oonoern to tho peo ple of tho ontiro Stato: An aot to amend sootion 4 of an aot entitled "An aot to furthor pr?vido for tho roturn of proporty for taxation," approved tho 2nd day of Maroh, A. P., 1897, f o as to WM ko township assessors, equalizers as well as assossors of prop orty. Seolion 1. Bo it onaoted by tho gon oral assombly of tho St&to of South Carolina, that sootion 4 of an aot on titled "Au aot to furthor pr?vido for tho roturn and mm Homo ut of property for taxation, approved tbo 2nd dav of Maroh, A. D., 1897, bo amended by uti iking out in lino 20 tho words "but not" aod iasorting in liou thoroof tho word "or," and by inserting on lino 40 botween tho words "groator" and "thom" tho words "by ono hundred dol lars or more," and that said Bcotion bo further amended by innnrting tho fol lowing words between tho words "them" and "said" in lino 27 of tho sootion. to wit: "but thoy shall notre duoa tho aggrogato valuo of real and personal proporty bolow tho aggrogato valuo theioof as returned to tho oounty auditor," so that said sootion 4, whoo so auconded shall read as follows: 8iotioa 4 Tho township board of oommi8siorjors and spooial board of ss BC ii B or H shall mcot annually on tho tiret Tuc?day iu Maioh, or as soon there-, af tor as praotioablo, at somo convenient plaoo for tho purpose of performing tho duties devolved upon thom, lt shall bo their duty to oarefully oom eider tho roturns and list? laid boforo thom by tho county auditor aid if ncooBsary to comparo tho samo, with tho tax return and duplioato of tho previous year or years. Thoy shall diligently neck foi and disoovor all proporty, bo#th real aud pomonal, in 1 their rospootivo tax. distriots not pre viously roturnod by tho ownor or ugontu thoroof or not listed for taxa tion by tbo oounty auditor, and there upon it shall bo thoir duty to Hot tho 1 samo for fixation in tho namo of tho owner or person to whom it is taxable. It shall thoroupon bo thoir furthor duty to fairly and impartially assess tho valuo of all proporty both real and per sonal in thoir tospootivo tax distriot, coloring upon thoir roturnB and lists fnvniuhod thom. And thoy shall have tho right in pCHorming indi* duties theroundor to inorease ot to lower tho valuation of any proporty real Or per sonal as fixod by tho oounty auditor, or as roturnod by any ponton; and it shall not bo doomed nmtorial whothor tho re turns so increased was intentionally or unintentionally fslso, or whothor tho proporty whoso valuo is so rained was ! t?y t?WWff'ty ipMp .upon 'the lists ni'ado out by thom1,''tho 'valuaron fixed by thom ' 'but thoy shall not rotluoo tho aggrogato valuo of real and per sonal proporty bolow tho aggrogato valuo thoroof as roturnod to tho' oounty auditor," said returns and lists, with said valuation, to bo by them laid be fore tho oounty auditor on or boforo the 3rd Tuesday cf Maroh of oaoh yoar exoopt that for tho township of Flor?nos in tho county of Floronoo for tho yoar 1897, tho namo to bo laid boforo tho oounty auditor on or boforo tho 31st of Maroh. Providod, however, that real ostato shall bo valued and assossod by said boards only in th ono years when real oaiato is by law required to ba xo turnod, oxoept that taid hoards may in any yoar valuo and assess any real es tate and improvomonts thoioon whioh they may asoortain or discover had not proviousiy boon rotured or assossod for taxation. Whonovor tho valuation and assessments of any proporty ia fixed by said boards, at a sum groator by ono hundred dollars moro than tho amount roturnod by tho owners or his agonts, or whonovor any proporty is vat nod and assossod to taxation whioh has not boon proviousiy roturnod, it shall bo tho duty of tho oounty auditor on or before tho fourth Monday in Maroh of tho yoar in whioh tho valu tion and assessment is mado, to givo to tho ownor or agent of suoh property written noiioo thoroof, whioh notioe may bo served upon suoh owner or his agont personally, or by mailing tho same to suoh portion or his agont ot his last known plaoo of rooidonoo, and suoh ownor or his agont, if ho ob j jots to su ?h valuation and nsscssinont, shall havo tho right to appeal to tho oounty board of commissioners Bitting as tho oounty board cf equalization, whioh appeal shall bo hoard by said oounty board. Tho aooouut of tho oounty auditor for tho necessary stationery and postage, to onable him to give tho notico horein returned, bhall be a valid ol aim against tho oounty, and shall bo paid as o thor oounty olaims aro paid. Nothing in this sot contained shall bo oonntruod as in toiforiog with tho duty of tho oounty of adding 50 por cont, to tho value of por soual property as a ponalty, as pro vidod in sections 279, 295 nod 297, of tho Ko vised Statutes of 1893, nor with tho duties of tho oounty auditor as pro scribed in sootion 290 of tho Bovisod Statutes of 1893. "Seo. 2. That all acts and parts of aot s inconsistent with this aot bo, and the samo aro lie roby r o pealo tl." IN8UJIAN0? COMPANIES. And boro is the not amondieg the law in regard to iinsuranoo oompanios, throwing further protection aiound tho policy-holders: An aot to amend au aot entitled "An aot to amend soodons 1 and 2 of an aot entitled 'An aot to requlro any insur apoo oompany or association to bo pos sessed of ono hundred thousand dollars Burplus or oapital. or! in li?u^horeof to have ono hundiod; thousand dollar? on deposit with some Stato fer tho benefit of ail policy holders, or iu liou thereof io dopor.it with tho treasurer of this Stato valid Stato soouritios aggregating too thousand dollars, said aoouritioa to bo subject to any JuoVmont against said companies, and said judgment shall opcrato as a loan on suoh soouritina, and providing a ponalty for tho viola tion of tho provisions of this act.' " Sootion 1. Bo it enacted by tho son ora 1 assembly of tho Stato of Bau tu. Carolina, that sootion 1 of said aot as amended, bo further amondod by add iug io Booiion 1 ?ho following proviso: Provided, howovor. that all fivo insur ance oompanios incorporated under tho laws of this Stato, with a oapital stock of $25,000 or moro shall not bo com pelled to deposit certain valid seoucitios ort bond as abovo required; provided, said company shall proouro and filo with tho oomptrollor general a oorti fioato of tho oouity auditors in coun ties whoro stookhoidors rouidc; th\t tho majority of tho stookhoidors in tho oapital of said corporation aro freo holders, and resido within tho Stato, aro worth tho amount of thoir stock subsoribod to tho oapital of said cor poration ovor all thoir debts and liabili ties, and cxolueivo of proporty exempt by law from rxooution; so that 'whoo amonded said sootion will read as fol lows: *\ Seo. 1. Bo it o nao tod by tho gonoral aseombly of tho Stato of South Caro lina, that it shall bo unlawful heroaftor for any insuranoo company or assooia tion to tr an? aot any bun in COB in this Stato unless po660ssed of at loast ono hundrod thousand dollars or surplus or oapital, or in lieu thoreof) shall filo witb the oomptrollor gonoral tho cor ti fi OK to of tho offioial of some Stato of tho Unitod States, undor his hand and ofii oial seal, that ho holds on deposits or io truBt, for tho bon??f?t of all polioy hold ers or members of tm oh oom n au y or as sociation, Boouritios worth nt loast ono hundrod thousand dollars, or in tho abHcnoo of suoh oapital or doposit, (hon to doponit with tho Stato Treasurer of South Carolina, valid toouritios aggre gating $10,000, or a bond for said amount mudo by a solvent security company, said treasurer to bo tho judgo of tho validity of suoh soouritios and bouda, whiot bond shall bo conditioned to pay any judgment catered up in any court of oom notent jurisdiction in this Stato, upon a polioy of insuranoo issuod to any oitizen of thia State by any suoh company, and said judgment shall bo a lionmpon suoh soouritios: Provided, ho wo vt r, that all fire insuranoo oom panios inoorpcr?tod undor tho laws of this Stato, with a oapital etook of $25, OOO or moro, shall not bo oompollcd to deposit said valid soouritios^ on bond aa abovo vt (j iirod, provided said company shall proouro and filo with tho oomp trollor gonoral tho oortifioatos of tho oounty auditors annually, in oouutios whom stookhoidors resido, that tho ma jority of tho stookhoidors in oapital of said stookhoidors aro froo baddera and roaido within tho State, and aro worth tho amount of thoir subscription to tho oapital of said corporation, over all thoir dobts and liabilities, and oxolu B?VO of proporty exempt by law- from oxooution. ' tontion h; : , . . jt that.^v, was passod' . /Mj^??^?n'^\ ing any oflloor "1 rom? -uiBOii&rging tte dutios of his position until ho had givon bond and had boon commission od. Collogo trustees, members' ot fixate boards, oonetablos, ?ot? , aro oonsidowd, Olpers, undor itho law, jp* arci c?hmt; ?ifrrjnors of, bo|\rdu of. various oha? it?Wt.^W*10, i,foyAdo,d for hy ?fcc W??la?iirp. Th?} Tgot bu^Httla* $S dion??r ihiloa??', but they' eannotdo* ?ally assumo duty bf aot unt^iHhdy avo boon duly commissioned hy the secretary of state, They do not lowe to pay any for thia oomm?Baion;-it ia a moro mailor of form. A groat many raombors of various kinds of boards havo neglootod to carry out tho pro visions of tho law, and thoir attention is culled to tho faot. Tho now aot in dood makes it unlawful, to fail to filo tho oaths and got a oummission .before attempting to discharge tho dutios in dicated.-rho Stato. Decided Decrease; Tho olerk of tho Stato board pf pen sions stated Tuesday that tho approved rolls ot pensioners had boen iront in by ! most of tho oounty boards. lb is note worthy that those rolls show a deoidod dooroase in tho number of ponsionors as compared with last yoar's list. This is probably duo to tho operation of tho provisions of tho now aot now cf fordo -throwing groater safeguards around tho disbursement of tho pension appropria* tion. Dospito tho faot that many of tho count ios havo sont in their lists,' tho lints will havo to bo returned for r$j: viB?on, owing to defoots. This of oourse,. will of "necessity delay, fchq mooting of tho Stato hoard, and con sequently ohooks will likoly rosoh tho Sonsionorfl later than usual,-Tim tato. .?" ' ' y '. ?" Forest Fires. ,'j Tho winda of tho past fow.days havo boon pioduotivo of very nor iona and ostensiva forost fires in various por tion of this and Lexington counties and muah loss of property himronultcd. Nows of tho Aros in thia oounty reach* od Columbia Wodnday . Thoy havo boon vory dofttruotivoin tho turporitino and saw mill sootions near Killian's on tho lino of tho .Southern rialway and also upon tho lino of tho Soaboard towards Camden. Af tor hard fighting tho oi ti zona managed to ohook tho onward rush of tho flames, but not b?foro: muoh valuable timber had be on lo.st. 0 vor in LoxingtOO oonnidorablo damago of thin ohavaotcv has also bom dono. For boy oral nights tho glaro of foroit ilroa has been visible from high pointa in this oity. ? : ? Iii a Bad Way. Minnosota has a novelty in Beltran ai. oounty, wltioh is bankrupt and in a condition bordoring on anarohy. A oourt dcoision which allows logging companion to avoid tho pay mont, of baok taxes has caused tho trouble. Tho oounty lms no money and no> fuel for its o?rteos, and morohants havo long nineo rof?Hod to acceptwarrants, Tho oounty Judgo and jurors havo gone out on strike and mose of tho oftlooa havo boon olosod by tltoir occupants, Tho sheriff, who has boon oaring for his priaonorfl at his own expense.; threatens io turn -thom loose so that ho can hunt foi a job that )wil? support his family, Tho legislar i turo ie being supplicated for fdd. WHAT IT COSTS. Congroaa Expended Nearly ? Billion end Half Dollars. IMPERIALISM COMES HIOH? G?rigraasrnan Livingston Says That the Half That la Con- M tomplated Has Not Boan Put In Operation. Itoprosontativo Cannon, chairman of \ the house oom mitton on appropriations, and HoproHontativo Livingston, tho sonior Democratic member of tho coal? nitttoo, have propared atatomonts of tho appropriations of tho 56 th congress. Both placo tho total appropriations for tho oongross at $1,410,062,545. id do ing thoso for tho first normen at $710, 150,862 and for tho sooond a $729,911, 683. Mr. Oannoo publishes a table showing tho expenditures' of tho pro vious oongross at $1,568,212,637 and Mr. Livingston makes a comparison with-ibo 51th congress whioh appropri atod $1^*^273. ,In his Btatem^ni'l^^^?^n:.sr>ys:i "Of tho total appropriationB ni??rh^C this sossion. at loase $30,000,000 will ' not, in tho light of past oxporionoo, bo oxpondod. This oonsidorablo margin botweou aotual oxpondituros and appro priations mado by congvooo indicates a sum total of oxpondituros during tho flaoal year 1902 of not oxoooding $699, 911,683 07 This sum includes $53,000, 000 on account of tho sinking fund re* quiromonta for tho fiscal year 1902, which, of oourBO, under tho tormo of tho law, will bo mot only to suoh oxtont as surplus rovonuos in tho treasury may pormlt. After mooting tho full est ordinary re qui io mon ts of tho publio eorviooundor tbo appropriations whioh havo boon mado, thom will suroly re main auffioiont rovenuo for 1902 to moot not loss than $30,000,000 of tho require monts of tho siokitig fund. ' 'Tho most markod i no re as o indioatod in tho appropriations for ordinary ox ponsos of tho govornmont mado for tho two yoars 1901 and 1902 at tho two ses sions of this oongross over thoso of tho two proooding years 1899 and 1900, pro vided for by tho 55th oougresa, is -for tho postal aorvioo. Tho nooossity of thoso inoroasod appropriations tb moot largo business domando is rofevrod to as a causo for congratulation. Tho ap? propriations ltavo; boon roducod $128, 150,091 by thia oongross under thoso prcvidod for by its prodooossor and this has rondored possiblo a ? reduction of taxes in tho sum of $41.000,000. "With a oontinuanoo of tho wiso ad - ministration onjoyod by tho country, th oro is every roason to anticipate, a furthor reduotioh of. publio oxpondi turos in' tho near futuro and a corre sponding furthor roduotion of taxes." ,?JU^ HVINQSTON S?Vfji " ono 8&H/r;rttitl :bbglnn\bg:Y^: tho 8panish*Amorioan M'iWKoth oongroBS is tho first con groBS appropriating for tho support of tho govommont slnoo tho oloso of tho S^ftjlod Spanish Amorhau war. Tho .^SSwBBW^ th0 appropriations mm by thoTiO^afee'Bsand these ?*> o?oy'*?' T ?ob?foiii aro$'Wr <.< ^puringWs?flBton just olea?d-tW mauds- of tho p?oploi'''UVN*^^ 'irmreoo^tativos, jimmie ?ragt?* oanni/Vavo hwdod.-rand thoao for noT fe, :iug?' have boon pcffsio.*.;,' , j' '.Tho' .'riv'er''Adft:';-tfi!*,)>f'. ' ,un j^Vmittod to fail. %: ?. ' ' 'wt just claims ^hojuost. , j?.:"/ ?! r.-fst tho' government his riot bimnp welded for. "Tho moat o anual oxami nation of tho tablo makes ooinmonb praotioally un? ncooBsary. It shows that tho army .for ; each of tho; tw6v yoars prior to tho Spanish-Amorloan war oost a Httlo ovor $23 000,000, and but Httlo moro than $16,000,000 for tho two yoata oov orod by tho 64th congress; whilo for tho two yoars slnoo that waT-r-190i and 1902 -lt oost $115,000,000, "or $230.000,000 for tbo two yo?rs, exclusivo of tho db? fioiouoioB. that havb boon provided^ tor in largo suma out of apprbpriatious mado for expanses of tho Spauish war during tho 55th congress, Tho navy cost for tho two yoars 1897 and 1898, $63,362,000, whilo fur tho yoars 1901 and 1902 tho appropria tions roaohoA noarly $144,000,000. flor tho payment of ponsions tho ap >ropriations show an inoroaflo of neatly 8.000,000 for tho two yeats. s "In a word, this tablo Shows that tho prioo to tho pooplo of tho polioy bf this . administration that has hoon thrust 'upon thom by tho ltopublioan party is, in round numbors, $400,000,000 within a period of two yoars, and tho half that is contemplated bas not yot boon put in oporation." Wagon. Train Ambushed. A wagon train and a detachment of tho signal corps,' tcgothor with six Ma* , oabobo abouts woro attaoked by tho in surgents about midway b?tweon tho towns of Silang and Damaaraarinas, in Oavlto provino a 1*. ' I. Throo Amori oans wore killed abd two of tho Maca bobo soouts woro woundod, whilo ono man is miesing. Four horses and ono mulo woro killed. Capt. Mair, with do taohmonts of infantry and oavairy from Silangj arrivod at tho ?ooao ot tho sur prise too lato to intoroopt tho onomy's rotroat, . ? - [ ? 'r . , Chinese Cruelty. Tho omprpss of India, arriving from Ohina/ bringa an aooount of tho barbar ous murdor of Oapt Watts Jo?o?. It is said tbat bo was rccoivod with apparent frlondlinoB? in tho yameu of Shari .01 and was in tho not. of roooiving his pnyn ?ott when his hands woro sltuck off. Eo waa thon taken outside tho y ft mon. sliood in sovor?l piceos and his hoad out off. His companion^ a Itoman Oatholio bishop, wan put to a lingering death, his torturoa bointr infiiotod so gradually that it was four days boforo death ronqved him. _ ?onviot? Atutinio?l, A dlspatoh from Morongo to a now? a^eboy. says a serious mutiny of con viot? has ooourred at Santa Caterina prison, ro?uliing in,the military b'cins oallod but arid 10 of tho oonviutr) hoing 1 killed and 57 wounded. Tho mutiny , h attributed to poor food at the prlaon,