University of South Carolina Libraries
THE WILT DISEASE, Some Interest lng Facts About tho New Cotton Blight, PF INTEREST TO FARMERS Investigation of tho Blight In South Carolina Fields by tho United States Government. Tho Unitod Statoa Dopartinont pf Agrioulturo has Just publishod, as bul lotin No. 27 of tho Division of Vogota bio Physiology and Pathology, tho ro port of W. A. Orton as60oiato patholi gist of tho division, on tho subjoot of tho wilt disoaso of ootton, a blight that has wrought groat havoo in tho soa island ootton fi o Ul y and has nttaokod flomo upland ootton distriots in South Oarolina. Mr. Orton and Dr. Erwin F. Smith, whoBO roport on tho samo eubjoot is roforrod to in this latosb bul letin, visitod this sootion last yoar and spout oonsiderablo timo in studying tho disoaso and soarohing for a romody. Tho roport is aooompaniod by sovoral platos showing tho ei?uot of tho disoaso on fiolds of ootton it has attaokod. Mr. Orton says tho wilt disoaso is now known to ooour on tho ooast of South Carolina, whoro it attaaks tho fino soa island ootton, and at Dilling, Saltors, and other places in tho samo Stato, whoro it attack? upland ootton. Prof. ff, S. Karlo, of tho Stato ex ff?rimont atatiou, roporta it to bo wido y di?tributod in Alabama, particularly in tho southern part, and statos that it ia undoubtedly growing worso from yoar to yoar. It has boon ropor'tod from many localities in Qoorgia, and is known to ooour in Florida and Arkan sas. lt is certain that this disoaso is widoly distributed through tho South ern Statos, and it is probable that it ooours in many plaoos whoro it has not yot boon distinguished from othor trou bles, suoh aa "rust" and tho olloots of lightning. Tho annual loss from tho wilt disoaso is vory considerable, lt is moro koon ly folt by tho individual plantors than moBt ootton troubloB, booauao tho dis ease remains in thc soil and grows worso, with oaoh auoooodiug orop. On tho soa islands of South Oaroliua alono a oaroful ostimato indioatos that nearly, if not quito, ono-third of tho laud plautod to high-grado ootton is aifootod by this disoaso, tho largor portion of it so badly that it is no longor profitable to plant it in ootton. Tho loss to tho planters of upland ootton in aroa? af footcd and tho disoaso is spreading rap tionally groat. On ono farm in Dillon, S. C., whoro tho dopartmont has boon oonduoting somo experiments, fiftoon aoros of ?no laud aro already aifootod and tho diBoaBO is Bproading rapidly on this and adjoining plantations. Tho importance of tho disoaso, how ovor, does not lie no much in tho amount of tho present loss as in tho dangor of its futuro inorouso, for it mujt 'sultimatoly aproad BO muoh aa to ontail 'far groatcr IOBSOB and possibly throaton tho lifo of tho industry unless tho mothoda for ita oontrol i?ro perfootod. Tho wilt ia vorV disliuot from any othor diaeaso ol' ootton, BO that thoro nood bo no difficulty in its idontifioa tion. It usually makos it first appoar anoo in tho spriug about t'.io last of May, when tho plants aro six to eight inohos high. It appears in well defined areas, which onlargo if ootton ia planted on tho samo laud again. Tho tir?t outward indioation ot' its prosonoo is a dwarfed growth and unhealthy appearance of tho plants. Tho loaves turn yollow bo twoon tho voinn, their margins shrivel up, and some plantB wilt and dio at onoo. In other plants tho progress of tho disoaso is often slow, and many of thom live tho entire Bummor and dio lato in tho soason. On outting norona tho stom of a disoascd plant, tho woody pan will bo found to bo staiuod brown whorovor tho disoaso is present. In tho abaonoo of micro SCOpio examinations, this brown discoloration of ihu internal tissue ?B tho bent ooular ovidcuoc of tho prosonoo of the wilt disease. Plants may partially rcoover from a severo at taok ot tho wilt disoaso by tho develop mont of Btrong lateral branches near tho ground. Such planta may ho did tinguiahod by theil dwarfed and bushy appoaranoo and by tho tondonoy of their brauohcB to lie prostrate on tho ground Tho oautio of tho wilt disease of oot ton is a fungus, ucoooamoapura vaain foota (Alk.) Erw. Sm., winch attacks tho plantB from tho Boil. It that on tere tho smaller roots and Bubscquoutly grows from thoao iuto tho taproot and Btom, tilling tho water duots with ita myocliurn. Tho roault ia that tho sup ply of food and moisture carried up from tho roots ?B greatly decreasod and tho symptom? doacribed aboyo aro pro duood. Tho naturo of tho fungus has boon fully discussed in bulletin No. 17 of this division, and it will not bo no oossary to enter into details herc, but only to outlino tho aubjeot and to re cord somo additions to our knowlodgo. Tho progross of tho diaeaso is always slow as compared with that of othor plant disonsos. Tho period of incuba tion, or tho time elapsing after tho young Boodling is exposed to tho at taoka of tho fungus and boforo tho dis oaso becomes manifest, ia usually at loast forty days and often muoh longor. Muoh doponds on tho individual plant it?olf. Tho oonditiona whioh favor tho progross of tho fungus through tho plant aro not fully underatood, but from somo observations that have boon mndo it is boliovod that highly fortilizod plants, growiny vigorously, suooumb moro pooror than thoso whioh havo grown on roadily soil. In tho oarly history of tho wilt dis oaso tho oauso was supposed by tho plantors to bo tho exoeasivo applica tions or injudicious uao of oommcroial fortilizors, and many of tho leading plantors in tho Boa islanda mado oaro ful oxporimonta with various modifi cations of their fertilizer:), f-uoh na tho uso of marl, Bait mud, kainit, and limo, and tho inoroaao or decrease of tho proportions of prosphorio aoid and pot- ! ash. Mr. W. Ch ilinson of Jamos Inl and, South Carolina, a very suoooas ful plantor, ha? informed tho writer that the rot ult of all thoso trials han boon to oonvinco thoso who mado thom that tho disoaso oan not bo oontrollod by any ohangos in their syHtem of fer tilizing. Tho wilt disoaso ooours in no many widoly separated looalitio? and undor suoh varied cultural conditions that it is -not probablo that any errors in tho agrioultural practice aro tho primary oauso of tho trouble, although tho planting of ootton year aftor yoar on tho samo land and tho common prac tico of plowing undor tho laat yoar's Stoma in preparing tho ground in tho spring both tond to haaton tho spread of tho wilt fungus aftor it has onoo boon introduced. Tho effcot of ropoatod infootions of the small roots ot tho ootton is very notioeablo, onpooially whon tho plants ato somowhat roBiataul to tho diaoaao. Small tufts of roots grow from oaoh point of inf notion, doubtlosson aooount of somo stimulus oxortod by tho fun gus. Sovoral short roots will thus start from a plaoo whioh would normal ly havo prcduood ono longor branch. Many of thoso little roots aro killod by tho fungus and othors grow in thoir plaooa, so that tho tuf tod appoaranoo of tho rootlots is moro pronounood lato \n ihn lemuno. Tho na mn ronni t has boon produced in tho laboratory by in novating noodling cotton plants with puro culture!) of tho ootton-wilt fun gus. Similar root tufts aro found as sociated with tho wilt disoasos of okra, cowpoa, watermelon and cabbage aaa thoy aro boliovod to bo characteristic of this class of root disoasos. In tho oaso of cotton thoir prosonco on tho roots do no ns tratos tho prosonco of tho wilt fungus in tho soil, oven whon tho amount is so small that no harm is visiblo asido from tho roduood growth of tho plants. This dwarfing of tho plants is duo to tho killing of tho small roots and is ofton visiblo ovor a considerable aroa surrounding a badly i nf oo tod spot. For this reason tho loss in yied on such a Hold is much greater than would appear simply from a ooo sidoration i f tho badly disoasod aroas, as tho dwarfing duo to tho injuring of tho small roots aonsidorahly ourtails tho yiold. Sinoo tho publication of bulletin No. 17, tho wilt disoaso has boon produood in hoalthy cotton plants by inoculating tho soil in which thoy grow with puro cultures of oonidial stagos of ncoooB mosporavas infoota. This romovos any doublas to thc oasualrolation of thofun gU3 to tho disoaso which might ar iso from tho failure of tho previous inoculation experiments. Tho plants woro grown for a fow wooka in pots, and thou a small quantity of fungus from a paro cultuturo was plaood in tho bottom of oaoh ono. Eight days lator thoy woro transplanted to opon ground. Tho first caso appeared af tor about thirty-fivo days. Fourtoon out of twenty-four planta contracted tho disoaso. Tho fun gus w?s abundant in tho vascular bun dles of seven planta and thoy showed all tho othor symptoms of tho disoaso. Tho othor scvon infootod planta woro only slightly diaoasod, although tho fun gus waa found in tho VOBSOIS of tho atom. Tho chook plants, twenty-fivo in numbor, all rcmainoi hoalthy. It will bo notod that tho longth of timo botwoon tho inoculation of tho soil and tho appoaranoo of thodlaoaaoin thia ex periment (thirty-fivo to fifty days) was praotioal ly tho samo aa elapsos in tho Hold botwoon tho germination of tho aood and tho first appoaranoo of tho diaoaso. That a largor proportion of tho inoculations did not auooood ia boliovod to bo duo to tho email amount of fungua usod and to the natural rosis tanoo of tho plaata. Tho cotton plant inoculation dosoribod in builotiu No. 17 woro all mado in tho groonhouao, and it ia now boliovod that tho nogativo results woro duo oithor to tho alow growth of tho plants or to tho faot that thoy wore naturally rosiatant. Caroful oxporimonts havo boon mado with a largo numbor of substances appli ed to tho soil in tho hopo of killing tho fungus, but all t ie resulto _ obtainod up to tho prosont tima indicate that there ia no hopo of auoooaa in tho uso of any fungicides aprayod on tho plants or applied to tho soil. Fields uniformly infootod with wilt disoaso woro aolootcd, and ovor twonty different substances woro applied in amounts aa largo as it waa thought safe to uso. In many oaaoa tho oxpenao of thoir application in auch quantities wan BO groat as to mako thoir uso impraotiblo had thoy proved efficacious. In othor oasos, as in tho use ot materials ou stain ing ooppor, oontiuuod applications in such largo qualities would be likely to iujuro tho soil. TRAGIC BCJBNES. Throo Men Killed, One Being the Sheriff, in Abbeville. Saturday Deooinbcr 30, aa a r<?Bult of drunken man's spleen and malice, throo men woro killod, ono of whom waa thc s dori ff of tho oounty. Niao o'olook that night in tho offico of tho Mil ler hotel, sovoral gentleman woro hav ing a social gamo of curds Ono of the playora was William Kylo, a northerner who has boon suporintending tho build ing of tho addition to tho Abbeville ootton millo. Whilo tho gamo was in progress John Dansby, a somewhat no torious oharaotor, ontcrod tho room. He was drinking and in quarrt lsoinn mood It ia said that ho had a difficulty with Kylo in tho afternoon. In a few mo monta Banaby managod to havo some words with Kylo and appliod a vile epithet to him, According to tho atory of witnoaaoa, Kylo got up from his ohair and remons trated with Dane by, but without mak ing any demonstration of violonoo. Dansby drow hia pistol, a 4f>oalibre Dolts, and whon a bystandor grabbod his arm ho quiokly ohangod tho gun too thc othor hand and fired, tho hall strik ing Kylo in tho abdomon. Tho shooting occurred so quickly that thoso present hardly realized what had happened. Banaby thon baokodout of tho room, declaring ho would shoot any man who attjmptod to atop him, and started to tho homo of his father-in-law, Tom Oroawoll, who lives nianr tho ootton mill. Tho nowa of tho shooting quiokly spread, and Polioomon Johnson and Urion started in pursuit of tho murder er. Thoy overtook him near OroaswolPa houao, but DanBby Btoppod thom with hia pistol and said ho would shoot if thoy advanood. Tho polioo thon wont to a noarby houao and tolophonod up town for asaiatanoo. In a short timo Sheriff II. L. Kon nody with sovoral oitizons roapondod to tho summons. Thoy surrounded tho houao, tho polioomon hoing atationod at tho windows and Kennedy going to tho front door. Kennedy oallod to Dansby to como out and surrondor, Dansby carno ont, closing tho door bohind him, and with tho remarks "Woll, wo'll go to boll togothor," oom moncod firing. Dansby was shot twioo, onoo in tho log and onoo full in tho chest. Konnody was struck onoo in tho loft broast noar tho haart. Both mon empted thoir pial?la. Konnody foll aa soon aa ho waa hit, but Dansby walkod 80100 50 steps and was reloading his pistol whon ODO of tho polioomon ran up and grabbed him and took tho gun out of hie hand. Sovoral othora of tho party woro firing at Dansby at tho timo and thoro is somo uncertainty as to who fired tho chots that struck him, hut it ia thought that thoy wore firod by Kon nody. Handouffa woro plaood on Danaby and he waa.oarriod to tho jail, but died soon after roaching thoro, about an hour aftor tho shooting. Ho did not speak aftor hoing ahot. Konnody was carrum to tho Jail and oxpirod within a fow minutos aftor Dansby. Ky le. who was first shot, livod until 2 Volo ok Sunday? whon ho broathod his laut., THE BOARD OF HKALTH Will Insist on Some Chango lu the Hoalth Laws. Tho Stato board of hoalth hold its annual mooting horo Thursday in tho of?oo of tho soorotary of stato, all tho monibora hoing prosont savo Attornoy Gonoral Bollinger, who is oonfinod to his bod by aioknosB. Tho 80ssion,was<quito a long ono and m i\ ny "mat tors of vital, oonoorn to tho pooplo of tho Stato woro fully and thoroughly disoussod preliminary to tho approval of tho annual roport. Tho roport was finally ooiuplotod in all de tallo and in tho afternoon was,,ne nt to tho Stato printer. Tho board will inako several recommendations to tho logis laturo and will insist upon oortain ohangoB in tho health laws that aro doomed absolutoly necessary to tho offloiont workiog of tho Seato board .of hoalth. Tho smallpox situation was vory fully disoussod, Dr. Evans tho sooro tary giving vory muoh tho samo in formation that ho had furnished, tho Sovornor. Sioco thun, howovor, tho iBoaso has spread and - in now in sov oral additional counties. Tho town of Union, Dr. lUvana nays, has boon tho greatest and almost solo souroo of in fection during tho yoar. Tao Stato board oannot tako ohargo in an incor porated town without a proolamation from tho governor. Tho board holds that if it is to bo expootod to stamp out contagious and iufootious diseases it is absolutoly nooossary for tho legislature to give it absoluto jurisdiction o vor tho Stato. Thia id earnestly urgod upon the body. Tho board fools also that a registra tion law enabling it to obtain birth, marango and dont h statistiod from tho towns and oitios, indeed tho ontiro Stato, is very OBSontial to ii s work. Tho present law is not working satisfacto rily. For inatanoo no birth statistics aro obtainable fr?m Columbia as things stand. Tho board will present a momo liai to tho gonoral assembly to pass an aot roquiriog suoh statistics, providing a heavy ponalty for physicians failing to filo reports with proper ofhoials, in?k ing tho county supervisor oounty health ollioor and tho road nommission ors township hoalth offuora. Tho mooting Wodnosday also dovol opod tho faot that tho now aot relating to tho transportation of doad bodios, which is tho samo in othor StatoB, is not being onfofcod an it uhouid bo. Tho mattor with instanoos oitod has boon roforrod to tho attornoy gonoral for his oonsidoration and such stops as ho may doom nooossary. Tho roport proparod, though incom plete insofar as statistics aro oonoornod, will bo full of intorostiog mattor. Columbia Stato. TALK WITH MARS Nioola Tesla Thinks He Has Found a Twentioth Century Seorot. Not quito two yoars ago Mr. Nioola Tesla, wont out to Colorado to conduct oxporimonts in relation to tho wirloss transmission of onorgy which has on gagod his attention for several yoars. Mr. Tosla found it nooossary in ordor to carry on his invontions and h\s ox porimonts to tho oxtont ho dosirod to work at an altitude of sovoral thousand foot. Ho found oonditions suitable for his purposes in Colorado and wont out thoro in tho spring of 1899, built a la oratory about ton milos from Pi ko Peak and wont to work. What ho aoooinplishod in the eight or nino months whilo ho was working thoro ho has kopt protty muoh to hiir solf ovor ainoo, but whon tho National lied Cross whioh was arranging for tue ond of the oentury moetings of its various branohos throughout tho ooun try asked Mr. Tosla to indioato what in his opinion, would bo one of thu groatOBt achievements of tho coming century, ho gavo just a hint of one 01 tho wondors no discovered in Colorado. In a moro elaborate way Mr. Tesla ewell on his work to a reporter. Ho ro gards his latest results us far and away tho most important ho has ovor attain od. Briefly, Toola has ueoa able to note a novel mauitostation of energy wilton ho knows is not of solar of torrosirial origin and, being neither, ho oonoludes that lt inuat owauato hom one of the pianota. Wlulo hu wa? conducting hi? inventions in hid Colorado laoratury one d?y, tho iiibtruaiout ho was using tootmurvo tho oluotrioal eonduiuu of ino oaiih was alleotod in an unaeoouo tablo manaor. Urecorded *hroo diatiuoi though very faint uiovonioms ono after tho eih r. Those movomonts woro obsorved not onoe, but maay limos, tho unmoor of impulses varying, and Mr. Tonia now firmly bolievos that, with improved apparatus, it will bo quito posaiblo for tho puoplo of tho cartu to oom mu moa to with the inhabitants of oilier planets. Damages For Lynching. Among tho roinodiuH for lynching that have boon proposed is ono that holds tho oounty in whioh tho lynching occurs liable for darn Ages to tho heirs of tho person lynohod. South Carolina and Ohio has ombodiod thia plan in a statute,but it has proved a doad lotter. Two suits havo boon brought under it and in noithor was thoro a rooovory. But in ono insianoodamagos havo boon paid for a lynohing. Tho oaso was that of a man who was? lynohod at VorsilloB, Ind.. for horse stoaling. His widow en tered suit for $5,000 in tho United Sutos oirout court at Chicago against tho bondsmon ot tho shoriff of tho oounty whore tho ly nohing ooourod. Tho bondsmon offorod $1,000 as a compro miso and it was aoooptod. This is the first inBtanoo of tho kind on rooord. Tho question a;! to tho jurisdiotiOn of fodoral courts in oasos of lynohing is not affoetod by this oaso, as it novor oamo to trial. It is safo to say that had it boon oallod itwould havo boon thrown out of court as no theory of fodoral jurisdiction that wo aro awaro of would sustain suoh an aotion. Philippino Foreign Trade. Tho valuo of morohandiso imported into tho Philippino Islands for tho ll months ended May 31, 1900, is plaood at $18,290,698; of gold and silver, $1, 806,310, making a total of $20,196,938. Tho imports from tho United StatoB woro vaiuod at 11,450.807. Tho valuo of export s for the period named amount od to $19,459,003-$17,634,391 in mor ohandiso and $1,824,612 in gold and silver. Tho valuo of tho exports to tho United Statos isietdown nt $3,594,577. A total of 69 614 tons of Manila hemp, vaiuod at $10,682,173, WAB oxportod during tho poriod stated, $3,405,808 worth boing shipped to tho Unitod States, _ A Bold Attack. Badio Hudson, agod ninotoon yoars, of Washington, !>., was attsckod in nor fathor's yard by an unknown white man Friday evening. The girl strugglod dosporatoly. but her assailant slipped a gae into nor mouth and bound hor hands bohind hor baok. Her fathor heard tho ntrugglo and hurried out, The follow ononpod. I CO??H UP Said a Hold Highwayman! to a Drum mer Tho mail alago bound foe tho hoalth rosort at Harrison Hot Springs was hold up at noon Wodnoaday, -dix milos out of Agassiz, by throo robbors. This ,0 " "" t.. .-- :i - - if... |>i?VV ??J HUVUV lu Al. jr UlltUP ilUUi ? Ml" oouvor, B. 0. Thoro woro hino passon gors in tho ooaoh ono of tvhom was a woman. All tho robbora woro blaok masks. Ono of thom graspod tho horsoa bridles, whilo tho othord eovorod tho oooupanlB of tho ooaoh with rifloa. Thoro woro a dozon mail aaoks in tho ooaaoh and tho driver was told to put tho.Ho out on tho ground. "Now, if you will ploaao stop down and lino up, wo won't koop you wait ing long." politely romarkod tho tall ost bandit, and tho frightened pasaon gora oboyod. Thoy hold up thoir hands and two of tho robbors quickly and ay stomatioally emptied thoir pookcts. Tho woman wan poor. Hor olothos woro shabby and hor purso oontainod only 65 oonts. This tho dashing leader of tho highwaymen roturnod to hor with an addod $5 gold piooo takon from tho pocket of a commercial tra? olor. "Madame,'* ho said, "Wo do not rob hon roosts. If you will kindly aooopt this with our compliments wo shall be really iodobted to you. Allow UB to wish you a vory happy Now Year." Tho passengers in all contributed $2.720 in cash, booidos watches, rings, A diamond stud, and gold sloovo but tous. Tho commercial traveler at first yioldod only about $18, but tho stago robbers woro dissatisfiod with this sum and aoousod him of bad faith. "You'ro holding out on us, partnor" said tho loador. "Now, if you do not oough up in just thirty second, wo will pump you so full of load that you will uovor know what struok you." Thc aaloBman tremblingly told about a bolt with money. Tho loador of tho robbors, after apologizing to tho wo man for hia necessary action, removed tho commercial travolors coat and vost and triumphautly produced a bolt con taining $2,5000 in gold coin. Whitewash for farm Buildings. Nothing adds BO much to tho ap poaranoo of farm buildings aa bright and ???haiigiug uoiors. It ooats a great doal to kcop housoa and barns paintod, but it ia woll worth tho monoy. not moroly booauso of tho inoroasod durability, but booauao of tho improvod appoaranoo. Nothing spoils prosperity in such fair lottora, writton large, as woll paintod farm buildings. Paint, however, ia doar, and for a long timo fanners who desire to koop things in first-class simpo havo been looking for a ohoap paint or a whitowash that will stand tho weather and not booomo in atoad of a oloar whito a dirty drab in a fow wooka or months. Tho Unitod Statoa government baa boon looking af tor this, as it does af tor almost every thing touohing farm lifo, and has hit upon a whitowash for its lighthouses whioh should stand rough conditions. Wo givo tho roooipt as follows: "Tako a half bushol of unslaoKod limo, slack it with boiling wator, oovor during tho process to koop in stoam, strain tho liquid through a fino siovo or atrainor, and add to it a pook of aalt, previously dissolved in warm water; throo pounds of groundrioo boilod to a thin pasto and stirred in whilo hot; half a pound Spanish whiting and ono pound of gluo. previously dissolved by soaking in cola wator, and thon hanging over tho tiro in a small pot hung in a largor ono filled with water, add (Ivo gal lons of hot wator to tho mixturo, atir woll and lot it stand a fow days oovorod from dirt. It should bo applied hot, for whioh pur pose it can bo kopt in a portablo furn acc." Thoro is nothing in tho a novo th%t is not within tho roaoh of every reader. Ho can buy tho matorial, ox cept possibly tho ground rico, and ho can buy that and havo it ground in tho ooffeo mill or with his own farm mill. can do all tho mixing, and apply it, and naviog applied it to ono building ho can soon determino whether he waals to go around ttio farm and mako his farm tho envy of all obsorvora. Tho <mi end of tho President's house io Washing on is umoullisbod with this Whitewash, and if it is good enough f.ir mo Wuiio Hun ie it. ia g ?od ouuugh fur anybody oise's houso or barn A pim ot' this imxiuro will cover abquaro yaru and is said to bo almost as serviceable us paint for wood, bnok or steno, and lhere is no paint known that will equal it in cheapness. Why not try ii? Wallace's Faruior. Sum? Good Ad vico. Boforo tho Interstate Cotton Growers' Asst (nation at Macon, Ga , reoontly, Mr Pope Brown, Prosidout of tho Geor gia Agricultural Socioty, discussing tho ootlou problem said: "Two yoara ago wo startod a wheat movement. Tbo result was that hundreds of thousands of busbolo of whoat has sinoo boon rats. od in thia Stato. lt has put hundreds of thousands,of dollars into thc pookots of tho farmora. How oan wo cheapen tho cost of tho production of colton or raiso tho price or it? Wo havo got to do ono or the othor. Tho man who doos tho plowing is ontitlod to a good living. Land is ohoap. Tho farmor oan raiso his mulo ohoapor than ho can buy him, ho oan raiao Iiis flour ohoapor, hia meat ohoapor. Tho Southern farm or has not dono his duty until ho feeds his family by his own labor, nor until ho has producen tho food for oily pooplo and stoppod the importation of ovory nooossity of lifo into this section." Whoro cotton growora' oonvontions bring forth such praotioal advioo as thia thoy do good. It is advioo whioh has boon givon for several ye ave, and whioh has boon adoptod hero and thoro with beneficial results to tho adopters, what ovor tho offcots may havo boon upon those persona who failod to follow it tho quoation of tho profitablo prico of oottou roata, after all upon tho indivi dual growor. 3100 Reward, $100. Tho readors of this papor will bo ploasod to loam that thoro is at loast ono droadod discaso that noionoo has boon ablo to ouro in all its stages, and that is Catarrh. Hall's Catarrh Curo is tho only poaitivo ouro known to tho modioal fraternity. Catarrh boing a constitutional disoaso, rcquiroa oonati u donal treat mont. Hall's Catarrh Curo is takon internally, noting dirootly upon tho blood and mucous surfaces of tho system, thoroby destroying tho foundation of tho diaoaso and giving tho patient n tro n g th by building up tho con stitution and aaaisting naturo in doing its work. Tho proprietors have so much faith in *s ourativo powo/a, that they oller Ooo Hundred Dollars for any oaao that it fails to euro. Sond for Hat of testimonials. AddrosS, F. Jv CHENEY & CO. Props., " Tolodo, O, . Sold by Druggists, 76o. Hall's If amity Pills aro tho host, "SPLENDID BEGINING. Autoiubilo Company and Knitting Mill Amone: Concoma. Tho now oontury starts off with a largo mun bor of now ontorprisou doBir ing incorporation. Oom missions and chartern were hoing rapidly tnado out in tho oflioo of tho soorotary of stato Tuos dr.y despite tho f?ol thu day waa supposed to bo a holiday. First oamo tho oommission to tho South Carolina Automobilo oompany of Columbia, capitalized at $10,000, proposing to opcrato a numbor of elec tric oarriagos and vohiolos for biro oot. Tho oorportors aro Wm. H. Koao, J. Sumter Mooro, E. 13 Clark, W. H. Lyles and W. B. Smith Whaloy. Anothor important now eonoorn oommissioncd was tho Peo Doo Knit ting mills of Dillou, Marion county, with J. t\ IO^iug, C. S. Herring and A. B. Jordan as corporators. Tho oapital ? took is to bo $10,000. Tho Poo Doo Naval Storos oompany of Dillon with $60 OOO oapital was char torod. Tho offioors aro lt P. Hamor, Jr., prosidont, and A. F. Woods, sooro tary and treasurer. Tho Wando Lumbor oompany of Cbarloston has increased its capital stook from $7,900 to $10,583,33. A commission was insuod to tho Mor ohauts' and Planters' Bank of Gaff noy, with A. N. Wood, Chas. M. Smith. C fi. WilkinB, lt. if Jonos and W. C. Carpontor as corporators. Tho oapi tal is to bo $50 000. Tho Woodstook Hardwood and Spool Manufaoturiag oompany of WoodBtook, Borkeloy county, was ohartorod with W. H. Woleh as prosidont and Julius D. K?ster as soorotary and troasuror. Tho oapital is $15,000. Tho CowponB Colton Oil oompany of Cowpons was ohartorod. Tho oapital is $1,000. C. B. Martin is prosidont and VV. B. Pottor soorotary and trea surer. A oommission was issued to tho Latta Supply oompany of Latta, wi'h H. B. B?rry, L. H. Smith and D. M. Dow as corporators. Tho oompany ie to Boll grooorios and gonoral moroan dios, doing business on a oapital of $10,000. Tho Orutohfiold Tolloson oompany of Spartanburg has inoroasod its oapital stook from $20,000 to $50,000. Tho A. M. Aloxaodor oompany of Spartanburg was granted a ohartor. Tho oapital is to bo $5,000 and tho pur- ! poso of tho corporation is to doal in pianos, organs and sowing maohinoe. A. M. Alexander is president and treas urer. Tho J. T. Snolson Contracting com pany of Charleston was oommissionod with ?Ino. T. Snelson, Norman L. Snolson and T. Snolson of Charleston as corporators. Tho oapital is to bo $3,000. and tho company will do a gonoral contracting business in tho city of Cbarloston. Tho Stato. Tho Warliko Boers. Whatever may bo said of tho rolativo morita of tho Boor and British oausos, it must bo agrood that tho world has seldom aeon such a stubborn struggle against ovorwholming odds as tho Hoers aro making. It was auppoaod that tho oapturo ot Cronjo and his army, tho Might of Kruger and tho oapturo of Johannoaborg andProtoria would speed ily ond tho war. But many months have passed nineo thoso ovonts, and thc Born's are not only still in arms but ha\ aohiovod, in rapid suoooBsion, a sorios of most remarkable victories ovor a foo immensoly thoir superior in numbers and all sorts of military equip ment and supplios. Aooording to an otlioial report, thoro woro in South Afrioa on Deoombor 1 a British foroo available for duty which numoorcd no loss than 21(1,203 mon, of whom 142, 893 aro regulars. Tho nighost ostimate ot tho Boer force is 15,000. This great disparity of numbers represents by no means tho disadvantages under wtuoli tho Boors aro fighting. Thoy havo no baBu of operations ann oaiy precarious supplies of food and ammunition. Thoir weapons aro inferior to those of tho British. Ano yot tho Boors, thus ill providod and scattered iu small groups, havo recently struck some severe blows and continue thoir woudoriul and au dacious activity without tho slightest todioation uf relaxing their rosistenoo, hopeless as it stems. SlUOO the h.-gin ning ot' tho war the Boers have inflat ed urnblo damage upon the British. The British kilud to Doc. 1 numbered 3,1)18, wounded 13,886, dead from dis ease er wounds 7,780, sick iu ho>puald in South Atnca 11,927, Dick and wounded sont back io England 35,548. The war has not made or added to me f imo of a singlo British commander, but il has produced two Boor generals who will toko historio rank among tho great soldiers of thu. generation-- Cronje and Dowet HO tho Atlanta Journal says lhere is no lolling how long tho iittlo Boor army will bo ablo to koop up its fight, fur it does not yet show the slight est disposition to yield, and tho British evon with thoir immense army, scorn to bo ablo to do very Iittlo with it. Making Restitution. Tho wi lo ol a Now York dofaultor, whOBO nu mo is much in tho public prints, has aided in rostitution to tho plundered bank by surrendering $150, 000 worth of diamonds and jewelry. Muoh is boing maao of hov dovotion in oonsonting to this stop, and perhaps justly, becauseshe might havo imitat ed many prominont examples by freez ing on to all that thoro wan in sight. While recognizing fully tho saorifioo made by tho lady, thoro is a sido to tho iransaotion too likely to bc overlooked, and from which wo should oxtraot tho roal losson of tho caso. Whon tho wifo of a $3,000 a year bank tollor booomoB the rooipiont of $150,000 in proBonts, is it not about limo for hor to inquire into tho souroo of all thia wealth? Muoh may bo granted to tho want of aoquaintanoo with business mothods by whioh a woman may bo embar rassed, but tho dullost wifo in tho world knows that abo oan buy no grea ter valuo in jowolry with a thousand dollars than sho oan in potatoos and parsnips. Tho lennon is a vory simple ono, known to womon as wollan to mon, that living above ono's moans must bo at tho oxponso of somo ono oise Whon a $2 a day man invosts $10.a day in a carriage rido or whon a $3,000 a year man is ablo to "hold his own" with his $100,000 neighbor, it roquiros no apo eial ?kill to oomo to a conclusion. Much of human misery springs from a man s pauporing of his own appotitos; it is largoly aoooloratod whon ho has a wifo whoso anxioty for first placo blinds hor to tho cost, lt is not nooossary to truo happiness to bo oit her in tho swim or on tho visiting list of thoao who, for tho soason, load sooioty. Tho ploasuro of homo and tho onJoymont of tho fulfil ment of natural uutios will bring loss pyrotoohnioism, but a longer loase of real happinoss. A dispatch from Pekin says Suh Hal, tho man who killod Baron von Kottoior, tho German ministor to China in Juno last, was beheaded Wcdnoaday in tho prononce of a largo number of ipeota tors. TO CHECK TEXAS FKV?R. Circu? ar Boing Sont Out by Dr. Nesoni of Clemton Collego. Tho following oiroular of ir,quiry re garding Texan fovor in oattl? has just boon issuod from tho offioo of tho voto rinarian at tho South Carolina experi ment station at ?iomsos "ollogo: Dear Sir: Thia lottor is sont you in tho hopo that you will assist tho veto* rinarian of tho experiment station in scouring somo information rogarding tho oattlo disenso known au Texas fovor. During tho past fow y oars, thia dis ease has boon prevalent in many soo tiona of this Stato, but nineo tho pas sago of tho proscut stock law it has booooio vory common, ospooially in tho up country and in tho pastures and fooding pons of stook huyera. Texas fovor is known by a numbor of namoB in difforont parts of tho coun try, but tho moro important of thoso aro splenic fovor, r.oolimation fovor, tiek fovor, rod wa tor, bloody mu .rain, bloody urino, distompor, mountain dis temper, oto. Tho symptoms aro roadily recognized by anyone who has soon oattlo suffer ing from this disoaso At tir?t, tho animal booomcs stupid and leaves tho hord for somo soouidod and shady part of tho pasturo. If thoy como up at all at night, thoy usually lag bohind tho herd, appoar listless and droop as though ali onorgy had forsakon thom. Tho oars aro dropped down, tho noso moro or loss dry, and rumintion (chew lug oud) suspended. Tho urine is rod oolorod, tho dogroo of rodnoss varying with tho. intonsity of tho disoaso. In milk oowa tho flow of milk almost ooasos. Constip?t iou is usually marked, only small quantities of very dark oolor od dung hoing voidod. Tho tomporaturo runs from 103 to 107 B\ Somo idea of tho fovorod condition may bo gotton by inserting a finger in tho oornor of tho animal's mouth. All of tho symptoms inoroaso in intonsity until tho animal booomoa almost or quito unconscious, walks round in a oirelo, groans ano soom to suitor groat pain. Thon con vulsions sot in,tho animal falls,struggles violently, and in tho intervals botweon convulsions, Hos on tho side snoring until doath follows. Calves do not developed tho sovoro symptoms and few of thom dio from tho disoaso, but in cattle over three years old, tho doath rate is probably 80 por oont. to 90 per oont. Tho disoaso may appoar at any timo during tho summer but moro of ton from July to Ootobor. Post mortem examination of tho oar eas shows tho flesh to bo almost blood loss and palo in color, tho spleen (molt) blaok and easily torn, tho bladdor filled with bloody urino tho livor and intes tinos yellowish, and tho gall bladdor filled with bilo In all casos, an examination of tho skin about tho thighs, flanks, neck and othor portions of tho body rovoals tho prosonoo of tioka, which al ways go with Texas fever. Tho causo of tho disoaso is a very small animal organism (pro tozoan) whioh seoras at all times to exist in tho body of tho common oattlo t?o tiok (boop)ulus bovis ) Whon the tiok inserts his bill through tho hido of tho oow, thoso little 4,gorina" gain ac ooss to tho blood of tho animal and thoro dovolop, produoing a oaso of Texas fovor in ton or twonty days, in j most casos. Doath remits from tho destruction of tho red blood coila, tho bodios of whioh go to tho sploon and tho ooloring matter to tho bladdor. Cattlo that havo had tioka on them whon oalvos aro immuno to tho disoaso and will not havo it again. Cat de that havo not had ticks on thom until a yoar old will dovolop tho fovor as soon as they got them. Tho oxporimont station officials de sire to assist tho stookmon of tho-" 8tato in getting this dibOaao under oontrol and preventing nevero louses from it in ibo futuro. To this ond wo are Bond ing you this oireular, and request that you will read it and anBwor tho ques tions on tho enclosed addrossod pental card. Wo thank you in advanoo for your coop?ration and trust you will soon roturn tho oard to Dr. Gt. E. Nosom, Clemson Collego, S. 0. Docombor31, 1900. Two Snioides in one Firm Tho diuappuaraaoo of 10. Churchill ?oh*.nan several months ago from Atlan ta W*8 a local sennnihi i and tho news of his suicide ia Now York oausod little surprise. Ho had boon connected willi tho Souihora Agricultural works as gon oral maua?or and was prosidont of tho Qeorgia llanillo Company. Whon tho agricultural works failed ho was called on to aooouni for ooriain funds and ma terial which ho failod to do. Tho com pany failod aud Coffman disappeared Prior to the failure of tho two concerns Coliman had lived handsomely. Ho loft the oity when ho saw demands mado on him for oash and proporty of tho two companion would bo prcssod. Ho left his wifo and child hero in apartments. Mrs. Coffman was muoh disturbed over tho troubles and tho diBappoaranoo of her husband and soon aftor ho loft she quickly dopartod. This is tho Bcoond doath that has ooourrrd as a result of the failure of tho Souihorn Agrioultural Works, as Mr. 8. Landauor, us former prosidont, oommittod suioido. A Fatal Accident. A dispatch from Winnsboro to Tho Stato says tho little daughtor of Dis penser Stevenson was killed by a fall ing granito post. Several of tho chil dren were playing in tho baok yard, and had built a Aro at tho foot of tho otono oolumn. Tho littlo girl was stand ing noar. A Negro boy, unaware of tho faot that granitooannot resist heat, olimbou io tho top, tho crumbling baso gavo way and tho post foll striking tho ohild on tho hoad, ^ho was pioked up unconscious and oarriod into tho houso whore sho died about 4 in tho after noon. Right Mr* Bryan. Aoting upon tho advioo of Mr. Bryan, tho W. J. Bryan Association of CJovo land, Ohio, has changed its namo to tho Cuyahoga Association of Domooratio Clubs. Writing with rospoot to clubs whioh boar his namo, Mr. Bryan says: "1 think it is bottor that thoy should drop my namo in ordor that no mistakes that I may mako may embarrass tho oauso in whioh wo are all enlisted," Incidentally ho again remarks that ''oiroumstanooa will dotormino who should load tho next fight." Lynched by Negroes. A spooial from Qaitman, (la., says: A Negro, whoso namo cannot bo loamed was lynohod by a mob of his own color Wednesday night nine milos north of Quitman, for assaulting a small Nogro girl. Bailiff Paoo, of thin oounty, had tho Negro in ohargo and was making his way hore. Whon about to board* train noar Kennedy, a mob of Negroes who wero on tho train, prevontod him from doing so, and taking the prisoner, shot him, with no attompt at conceal ment of their crime. J: (luit Kissing Talk. "Pindar, wnot J? OBOulatlon?" '?HOulrttlou, Nottlo doar, lu a loamed ox pression queer l'or iv'nico non H (vt ion. I put wy anni thu? 'round your walat- ' Tbiaja approximation! You need no?"fear, Thor?'? no ono near, 1 thon,-oh, doarl Nott io, that'a osculation." Tho Wow York World says pro mi sou ou a osculation-ia under tho ban. Tho kissing habit -must < oeaio. Tho Domorost branoh of tho W. 0. T. TJ. hasdoolarod against it and hcvoaftor the stolon Bweets, extolled in song, and story, will have tho added spioo of a solf oonatitutod dotootivo agency of ar?;us eyed white ribboncrs suooossfully baffled. Tho organization ad mita of no oom promise. It doos not urgo temper anoo. It proaohos, prohibit ion - accord ing to its prinoiplos. Tho kiss ii an intoxiuant,. therefore tho kiss, like tho ' saloon, must go. P This decision was ar I rived at rooontly at tho regular mooting of tho Domorost Unionitos at tho home of Mia. Stanloy, 448 Wost Twonty third atreot. Tho.matter oamo up in connection with tho vice oruBado when Dr. A noa Hatfield int?rrupod a torront of ok quonoo apropos of tho saloon as tho souroo of all ovil-to provo' ihai th? uootar quaffod from red lips ?was moro fruitful of consequonoo than, any ale ^ bolto boyorago over distilled. "I'think kisssingjs tho very worst thing a young woman can do," said tho dootor, "and tho vamount ?.of hugging ging and kissiug that? somo-girla-of our very boat fainilios, too-submit to ?B litoraily a monaoo to our morality. 1 know a young man vory wollwho de ol arc s that ho rarely lea von a girl without? kiSB I ing hor goodnight. Ho says that tho* I not only oagcrly aooodo to his rcquoBt, but that Bovoral havo'insisted upon ho ing Vi tod.** "I shouldhavo shown him tho door," Bald Dr. Ellon Miles. "Woll, ho explained that of oourao ho had no roapeob for tho girls ho kieBod." went on Dr. Hatfield. "But 1 think women aro very careless about kissing. Mothers? ohould toaoh thoir daughtors tho ovils of it. A girl doesn't know tho d&ngor of kissiog. Sho?ahould understand how to guard against it. 1 havo oarofully inquired into tho.matter and 1 find niaDy young women imagine thia is tho way to got t unhands. It is roprohonsiblo. Those aro tho supposed ly woll-brought-up daughters of rioh parents. Tho girlB muit bo taught that it is wrong, not only to kiss a Btrangor, but to kiss tho men^thoy oro ongngod to. Too great oaro oannot bo takon." "I should suggoat that an oxoollont and offioiont way to stop tho impro priety," said MisB Thomas, "would bo to instruot tho young mon in tho ovils of kissing." "But thoy liko it," said ono woman impetuously. Anothor cited tho oaso of a modest youth, who, fearing to yield to tho so 1 ?citanona of an - oaoulatovy tomptross, had appliod to a policeman. But tho law was folt to bo a taoit onoourago mont'of all kinds of .stimulants, from liquor to kiasing, and all idea of an anti kissing bill was promptly aban doned. Tho kiss, relatively Bpoaking, was not dissootod. No lino linos of do maroation havo boen drawn about tho cousinly ..salute, . nor has it been an nounced whothor a malo oonncoLon by marriage may with propriety ombraoe nov ly'.acquired fe minien family ad junets. But tho Domorost Uniou has pledged itself to eternal vigilanoo in > tho matter of tho promiscuous kiss, ? and tho unsanctioned application of a niousteoho'to tho dips that aro noaroat | will henceforward run tho gauntlet of foarloss and exoorionood crusades Our National Orimo. The Chicago t ribuno says: "Tao statis ti JO of home o?do in tho United States for 1900 aro not encouraging. From.1896 to 1899 thoro w?s a steady doorcase >ear o> >?ar, tno totals falling from 10.600 to 6,225 but thia yoar tho roporb BOO*8 a toial ot 8,275 an inoroaao o vor last j oar of 2 050. if noxt yoar tho figures in crease proportionately tho first yoar of tno now century ?viii bo as largely maxk od by orimo as was 1895. From tho present outlook tho indications aro that tho luoord of tho ooming yoar will bo even darker, for human lifo wan never hold cheaper than ai tho proaont timo, and hanging and lynching mako little impression. Rudyard K p iog was not far out of tho way when ho said that murder was tho national orimo of tho Unilod States. A Novel Marriage. A novel marriage took piaoo at An doraon on Dooombor 31. Tho contract mg partios woro J hon J. Norris, son of Capt. P. K. Norris, ono of our most prominont oitieons, and Miss Helen Hill, of North Carolina. "Wntoh Night" sorvioos wore boihg held at St. John's Mothodist ohuioh, and many poisons wuro prosent. At 11:57 tho bridal party walkod down tho central aialo and took thoir places in front of Rov. J. B. Oainpboll, who performed tho ooroniony. Duriog tao eoromony tho town olook was distinctly hoard to strike tho hour, All present woro im pressed with tho solemnity of tho oc casion. WHERE? OH, WHBAB?-Tho prin ter's dollars-whoro aro thoy? asks tho I'almotto tPost. A dollar horo and a dollar thoro, soattored ovor numorouBO small towns, miles and milos apart, How shall they bo gathered in? Como homol You aro wantodl Como in sin glo filo that wo may sond you out ag .in to battlo for us and vindioato our credit, Roador, are you suro you havo not ono of tho printor's dollars stioking to tho bottom of your'trousers? Fool down and soo if wo aro right. If you find it sond it homo. _ Hard to Beat our Una of Machinery and Mill Supplies. ~~~LBADBHS:t JUne, Cha*.H?g?, Uddell and High Point satr m'ul Th? Marray CHoanmg and Distributing Syttoni. Liddon AWUMBHO and ?lain Ktighiog. "Mieux" Oortt*? EajrfooJ. "Kow Sonia" Brion oiaohlaory. Farquhar Threihoro ?nd Groin Drills. Dinton flaw? and Files. Potrlcwi PftOklag?, Hjorona Ootror Pip?, and SnppltM g?n?r*Uy. Brio Otty Saginos and nollers BK*n Woodworking Machinery. ?-Q??on of th? Sonta" Qrlst MM* Kolloy Dupion Feed Milla Bnady Trap? aud 8 toa m SpeolaUlwi Magnolia and Columbia Babbelt Metals. ff. H. Qibbes & fa, MAOHIN?RY and MILL 8UJPPLIHB x 804. QerraU Ntroot, COLUMBIA, S. 0. Corn Mills, Cane Mills, Rice Hullers, Pea Hullers, Engines, Boilers, Planers and Matchers, Swing Saws, Rip Saws, and all other kinda of wood working machinery. My Ser geant Log Beam daw mill ls the heaviest, strongest, and most efficient mill for the money on the market j quick, accurate. State Agent for H. B. Smith Machine Company wood working machinery. For high grade engines, plain slide valve-Automatio, and Corliss, writ? me: Atl?s, Watertown, and Struthers . and Wells. V. 0. BADHAM, 1826 Main St., Columbia. S:C THE LEADER HD. The New Ball Bearing Domestic Sewing Machine It Loads .in Workmanship, Boauty, Oapaoity, -Strength, Light Bunning. EvorysWoman Wanta Ono. W if Y.!;<; "I* A * ta oh me T ts, Needles aa? Parts for Sewing Machinen of all makes. When ordering needles send sample. Price 27o per dozen, postpaid. Agonta Wantod In' Unoooupled Terri kory, I. L. ?HULL, 1219 Taylor Street, COLUMBIA, 8. O mm sass Jmf ? "? OLD NORTH STATE OINT % MENT, the Great Antiseptic Healer, oures Piles, Bore Byes, Gtanula?ed Eyelids, Carbuncles, Boils, Cuts, Bruis es, Old Sores, Burns, Corns, Bunions, Ingrowing Toenails, Inflammatory Rheumatism, Aohes and Pains, Chapped Hands and Lips, Erysipelas. It is something everybody needs. Once used always used. For sale by all druggists and dealers. At wholesale by THE MURRAY DRUG CO., Columbia, S. 0 Oilman fays the EXpress m Steam Dyeing of every description. Steam, Nap? tha, French Dry and chemloal cleansing. Send for our new price list and olroular All work guar an teed or no charge. Ortman's Steam Dye Works 1810 Main Street COLUMBIA, S. 0 A. L. Ortman, Proprietor. Murray's Aromatic Mouth Wash .i *< Whitens the Teeth Cleanses the Mouth Sweetens abe Breath ' ...? ... V.TMMA The Murray Drug Co,, COLUMBIA,8. C. PITTS' Chu?, MI ?nppo, dyipepoia, tsdl^tio? aa* all atoniaoh and bawd trouble?, mxM ehelor* morbus, tithing twaolor Mik children, Wdaoy trouble*, bad blood and all sorta of ?ore?, rising? or felons, out* and barna. It ls M good anita ap Ho, whoa lollly a?pUed, M anything ?a tho narkot. Tty lt and. you will prabto U to o4kw*. If yoar drogirt?t doota't koop 16. wtftoto MURRY DRUG COMPANY, OOLUMBIA, 8, 0,