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RUSSIAJS FREE "Generations of Tyranny Swept Away in One Proclamation ?BtAT PUBLIC RCJOfCING llecent Peace Envoy Holds an All Day Conference With the Hum bled Sovereign and Finally De parts With a Signed Manifesto Granting Freedom of the Press, Bight of Assembly and Immunity of the Person, Including the Writ of Habeas Corpus. The state of unnrest and semi-an archy that has existed in Russia for ^years has recently broke forth in open violence. Rioting has been every where since before the closing of the ?war with Japan. Strikes and labor ^demonstrations have added to the com mon danger and unrest, so much so that (lie Czar has been almost a pris oner in his own palace. The termina tion of these troubles is told in the following graphic account of the lib eral measures now being adopted by* the Russian government : St. Petersburg, Ry Cable. ? The au tocracy of (he Romanoffs, and the old ?rder of things ceased to exist in Rus sia. Emperor Nicholas has surrendered and Count Wide comes into power as M inister-President with an imperial ?mandate which will enable him to con cert the farcial National Assembly into a real legislative boddy, elected by ?ffreatly extended suffrage, and to con ifer u pon the people fundamental civil *tiber1 ies, including free speech. These welcome tidings reached St. Petersburg shortly before G o'clock Monday evening. Count Witte had spent the day with the Emperor at feterhoff, going over the final draft of 'the manifesto to which he insisted* that minor modifications be made, and ?Before taking the train for St. Peters burg ho telephoned to a friend that the Emperor had afiixed his signature and that tho imperial mandate com prising the condition? u|m>ii which he had agreed to accepi office was in his ?kef. These include freedom of the press, the right of assembly and the Immunity of the person, including the right of habeas corpus. Russia's Magna Carta. '??"We, Nicholas the Second, by the ifra ce of God Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, Grand Duke of iPinl and. etc., declare to all our faith ful subjects that, the troubles and agi ,\ tat ion in our capitals end in numerous Jt^ther places fill our heart with ex t AMftive pain and sorrow. * * 'The happiness of the Russian sov ereign is indissolubly houtn^l up with the happiness of our people, and the sorrow of our people is the sorrow of fhi; sovereign. *'From (he present disorders may .arise grea' national disruption. They menace t ho integrity and untiy of our empire. "The supreme duty imposed upon by our sovereign office requires us io efface ourself and to use all the force and reason af our command to tinsten in securing unity and co-ordi nation 'of the power of the central government and lo assure the success of measures for pacification in all cir cles of public life, which are essential i to the well-being of our people. "We therefore direct our govern ment to carry out our inflexible will ?in tie following: Privileges and Immunities. "TTirvO T? oYt.PTid to the oooulation Live News Items. A special board of engineers who investigated work on Philadelphia's Alteration plants and boulevards de clares the city has lost $0,330,000 through alleged irregularities. Leading men of both big |K>li(ical parties in New York hove infomed an j association to prevent liie corrput use of money at elections. Tho Fortilicatioiu; Menaced. Halifax, N. S., Special? A specta cular tire which destroyed Hritish Government properly valued at $100,- i 000 on George's Island, in the ceul"r of Halifax harbor, threatened to oh-' lite rate numerous masked batteries and magazines which roust it ute one ?.f the mast imporl ?,.nt groups of for- j tifical ions at this port. A row of wooden buildings :'?'? ? fret in length j which were used a? sf no houses and j machine shops, were burned. In th" mag l/.mes are stored several hundred i thousand pounds of gun cotton and other explosives, but the tire did not teach t!i" explosives. Armored Cruiser Sinks. Ferro, Spain, My Cable.-? The Span ish a run* i e I cruiser Cardinal Cisncros, sank ueiii Muros, province of Corun na after striking a rock. The crew were saved. The cruiser struck a i h? ?avy fog on Point Mexedos, which is i extremely dangerous to navigation.! llor crew. numbering 510 men, im- [ mediately 'ook to the boats. There I was great excitement over the acei- 1 dent on shore. the immutable foundations of civic liberty, based on the real inviolability of person, freedom of conscience, speech, union and association. "Second, Without suspending the already ordered elections to the State Douma, to invite to participation in the Douma, so far as the limited time before the convocation of the Douma will permit, those classes of the pop ulation now completely deprived of electoral rights, leaving the ultimate development of the people of the electoral right in general to the newly established legislative order of things. "Third, To establish as an un changeable rule that no law shall be enforcable without the approval of the State Douma, and that it shall be possible for the elected of the people to exercise real participation in the supervision of the legality of the acts of the authorities appointed by us. "We appeal to all faithful sons of Russia to remember their duty to wards the fatherland, to aid in tremi nating these unprecedented troubles and to apply their forces in co-opera - tiou with us to t lie restoration of calm and peace upoa our national soil. "Given at Pelcrhoff, October '10, iu the eleventh vear of our reign. (Signed) "NICHOLAS." I Russia Acts Half Crazed. St. Petersburg, By Cable. ? All Rns sia celebrated the Emperor's git't of freedom, which the greater part of t lie people received with deepest joy, though in St. Petersburg, Moscow and other cities Socialists and revolution ists organized anti-government dem onstrations and red flag parades, which, with the patriotic manifesta tions, led to a number of conflicts be tween the "Reds" and "Whites" as the anti-government and royalist fac tions are respectively termed. On the whole, the day passed more quietly in Russia than had been expected tho' collissions bet wen the people and the troops are reported from various places resulting in loss of life. In each of the two capitals, St. Pe tersburg and Moscow, the day was one such as Russians never before have seen. The Slavic people, which, during the long war just closed and the anxious period proceeding the announcement of the new era of con stitutionalism, seemed self-restrained and apathetic, gave itself up fully to t lie exuberance of the moment ami spent the cut re day in parades ami assemblies, which, for the first time in the history of Russia were freely permitted. Under the orders of Count Witte the General Trcpoff the troops generally were withdrawn from the streets o? the cities and the fulcst reign given the people to let out their enthusiasm in demonstrations which, 1 so long .as they were not destructive were no* interefcrred with. Gen. Trepoff Gives Warning. Early Wednesday morning after a conference in which all the generals commanding troops in St. Petersburg participated, General T report" issued the folowing announcement, which is being placarded throughout the city: "The day of October 31, unfortu nately, did not pass off without vio lent encounters between the different factions of the population as well as with the police and trooj>s. "Recognizing the resjKmsibility im posed on me, 1 again request the popu lation to maintain order, and give warning that all attempts to disturb order will he suppressed with the most peremptory ami categorical meas ures." TREPOFF." President Reaches Home. KVashington, Special. ? President Roosevelt reached the city on Tuesday without accident of incident. lie re gards his Southern trip just ended as a most enjoyable and profitable cxper ience. Particularly did he enjoy tlu sea voyage and the President express ed hi'nself in the most enthusiast ic terms regarding the ships, oil ice is ami men of the squadron. Exchange of Messages. Washington, Special. ? As soon as the West Virginia got in touch with I lie wireless station at Key West Tuesday the first message to be mitted from tiie shore to the big crui ser was a peisonal one from Mrs. Roosevelt to the President congratu lating him on the anniversary qf his foily-seventh birthday. This message was sent from the Navy Department to Key West with instructions to de liver to the President at the first op i> M'tuuity. The Wilaon Cauo. Washington, Special.? The supreme court of the I nit d Sta'es v<Tused to advance on its docket the case of War ! re n P?. Wilson vs. Leslie M. Shaw, j secretary of the treasury. The pro ceeding is an effort to enjoin the sec retary from paying out money for th< construction of the Panama canal on the ground that the act of congress authorizing tho payment is unconsti tutional. Soda, In a 2-per-cent. solution, is recommended by Professor Esmarch, of Gottingen, as the best means of dis infecting eating utensils. Fine dnst mixed thoroughly* "with a sm.V.I portion of clay has been used successfully* us fuel at the Johnstown plant of the Cambria Steel Company. The first telegraphic longitude sta tion in T.abrndor has been established at Chateau Bay by Dr. Otto Klotz, Dominion astronomer, in conjunction ?with Sir William MacGregor, Governor of Newfoundland. It has been suggested that the excel lent showing made by steel cars in collision is due to the fact thnt the wooden cars in the train with them acted as cushions and lessened the force of shock. At an inquest in Louden, a medical expert testified: "The mnn had a weak digestion, and if mushrooms are not quite fresh -when eaten they are apt to have serious effects in the cases of persons with weak digestions." Walter Rothschild. M. P., who rc rently spent tlireo weeks at Cauterets, in France, near the Pyrenees, brought home to England with him nearly 4000 speeimens of butterflies to add to the million he already has. From a small beginning two years ago an arsenic mine near Elbe. Pierce County. Washington, has been devel oped until it is now producing twenty live t otis each twenty-four hours. It is the only mine in the country in which the arsenic is taken direct from the ore. A storing of sue lient in some of the small salt lakes of Hungary was ob served as far back as in 1001 by Kalecsinsky. whp recorded the results of his investigations in a paper before the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He showed the warm layer of tho Szovata salt lakes, which lies at a cer tain depth below the surface between two colder layers and which is sev eral meters in depth, to have neces sarily derived its heat from the sun. Befi ufi Acrobat*. When wax is needed a certain num ber of self-elected citizens gorg*? with honey and hang up in chains or cur tains. each bee clinging by her front feet to the hind feet of the one above her. like Japanese acrobats, and there they remain, sometimes for two days, until the wax scales appear pushed out from every pocket. It is not hard to understand that, since much honey is needed for the manufacture of wax, a bee after filling with the raw material would produce much more wax by keeping quiet than by using any of the gorged honey for energy in moving about ami working. Hut the necessity of "holding hands" while this work goes rrti must ever remain to us another occult evidence of the close relations in jthe bee commune.? Country Life in H? X4Mt??t Well. Th?y were in the family portrait sec tion of the gallery, and it seemed to Miss Gollghtly that her English visitor was deeply impressed. "Yes. these are all my ancestors," she said, proudly. "Now. this is my great-great-grandfather, when he was a young man, of course. Isn't he hand some? My grandfather used to tell my mother that his grandfather? that's this one? was a splendid-looking man as long as he lived, and as popular with women as with men because he was such a hero. "Brave? I guess he was! Why, he never fought in a battle that he didn't lose an arm or a leg or something from being right In front of everybody! He was in twenty-three engagements^"? Youth's Companion. Pro*re*i In Mexico. In 1870 there were 7130 kilometres of telegraph line in the Republic of Mexico; iu 1004 this had Increased to 50,324. The receipts of the Federal telegraph iu the first year mentioned were $03,302, which in 1W04 had in creased to $ 1.508.748. In 1870 there were 504 kilometres of railway; in 1004 they had increased to 10.285. The total income of the Mexican Government in 1870 was $10,08H,l.r?8; in the fiscal year ending March 30. 11)05. $81 ,001 .078. Theer were 720 postoflire in Mexico in the year 1870; in 1!H>4 2301. In 1870 the banking capital of the republic was $500,000; in 1004 thi?* bad increased to $100.500, 000.? Modern Mexico. T'nctory lor fllnl-Lock Mimkitli. An article in a r^c? nt number of the nirminghiim (England) Mail slates that a factory in that city is turning out weekly about 1200 flint-lock mus kets. and that a large number of this antiquated firearm are also made at Lei go, Belgium. These guns are sent to Central and East Africa for use by the natives, to whom the possession of modern firearms Is denied by stat ute.? Scientific American. So Common. A certain lady of wealth, living In the north of Ireland, was recovering from a serious illness, and one morn* in$r called for an egc, which she ate with much enjoyment. As she passed back the cup and plate to her nurse, she said: "An egg is a delicious thing." Then, with much melancholy: "What a pity," she added, "it is so common among the poor." UNOSTENTATIOUS. Our magnates show their riches may When in a foreign clime, But none of them make much di??lay Around taxpaying time. AN INSINUATION. Braggs? ' "I killed a bear during my hunting trip in Montana." Waggs ? "So? How far did lie cliase you before he dropped?" ? . ?hjcA?0 News. A IIArPY RELEASE. Kind Friend ? "Pardon me. but 1* ought to tell you that Jones has run away with your wife." Husband ibored)? "But why run?" ? London Punch. THE ONE WEAK POINT. MeFIub? ' "I suppose you flnd your new automobile superior in every way to your old horse?" Sleeth ? ' "Not In every way. It balks just about as often." A HASTY EXPLANATION. "I wonder why all those swimmers wlio try to swim the English Channel always start from the English side?" "Probably it's the shortest way." ? Cleveland Plain Dealer. A GOOD MATCH. Bell? "I never understood how that ugly Miss I 'assay got a man to marry her." Nell? "I didn't, either? till I saw the man."? Detroit Free Press. THE OTHER EXEREME. Blinker? "Poverty is not a disgrace." Clinker ? "No, It's an honor these days. Look at the rich men falling over themselves in their efforts to apol ogize for their tainted money." CHEEP! CHEEP! "I declare," remarked the duck, "If I that little chick isn't trying to talk al ready. but it doesn't amount to much." "No." replied the young rooster, scornfully. "all his talk is 'cheep.' " ? Philadelphia Press. HE DIDN'T REQUIRE ANY. Mrs. Mutherly ? "That young Yale vard is far too attentive to you, my dear. Don't you give liim any encour agement." Miss Mutherly? "Mamma, he docsn"' need any." ? Albany Journal. AN IMMUNE. "Mr. Cadsby never pays the slightest attention to flattery." "No." answered Miss Cayenne. "It would be Impossible to devise any form of flattery that would correspond to his good opinion of himself"? Wash ington Star. AT HIS HEELS. t "How Is that son of old Millljkn'i turning out?" "Cfh. he's following right iu his fath er's footsteps." "Making lots of money, eh?" "No. begging for it." ? Cleveland Plain Dealer. THE CYNICAL CODGER. "Ever notice," asked the Cynical Cod ger. "how some lazy men will neglect their work just to brag about this country's industries and prosperity? Reminds me of a barnyard? the liens laying all the eggs and the rooster doing nothing but crowing about it.". SUCCESS IS DIFFERENT. Polk? "When a fellow starts to do anything he can always succeed if he only sticks to it." Jolk? "Not always. How about when you start to remove a sheet of sticky fly paper that you've sat down on?" ? Philadelphia Ledger. UNDER DOG SOMETIMES WINS. "Yes. I think I have him at my mer cy. He has a few thousand dollars and I have millions." "Well, why don't you go ahead and smash him?" "I'll tell you. Every time I start to do it I begin thinking of what hap pened to Russia." SO NATURAL. 'I dreamed last night. George." said Mrs. Swcllman. "that I was with a box party at the opera and " "Yes." interrupted her husband. "1 miiiiii have known thai." "What! How do you mean?" "You were talking very loud in your fleep."? Philadelphia Press. WITH A PROVISO. Customer (handing over the money* - "1 want U> be sure about it. Can you guarantee that this stulT will kill ofT the cockroaches?" Druggist (wrapping up the bottle)? "J guarantee it absolutely, ma'am -if you can iret them to take it according to directions."? Chicago Tribune. ANOTHER DISAPPOINTED OIRL. "You want to marry my daughter, you say. But I don't recall that she has ever mentioned you?" "You surprise me! Isn't your name TlminonsV" "No." i "Excuse me. T niusi have got Into the wrong llat.'' ? Cleveland Plain Dealer. SOUTHERN FARM [iOTES. TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THE PLANTER. STOCK M AN ANO TRUCK GROWER. An Kxi>?rltn?nt With fleranlami. I do not know of any plant which Is mentioned In a florist's catalogue which so bravely epdeavors to do Its best under trying conditions as the geran ium, writes A. Eva. No matter if the rain falls or there Ik an excess of damp weather for weeks, it continues to send forth its cheering brightness; and when hot wind and sun of drouth wilt or destroy some other plants, it yet more proudly lifts its glories in de fiance. The most lovely geranium of the single flowered class I have ever owned or seen is the "Julia Marlowe." It Is said (and easily believed) to be one of the most exceptionally valuable novelties which spring up in plant life. The flowers are as perfectly formed and rounded as though made of wax. In color It is a dazzling scarlet; the petals are broad and overlapping and form a flower which Is fully two to two and one-half inches In diameter. The trusses are extremely large, and the plant attracts much attention. Another geranium which I believe is without exception the most intense scarlet bedder known 1s "I,e Soleil." This is one of the double type and is extremely effective when planted in masses. The flowers are very large and held up by strong, straight steins, and resist both storm and heat. No matter what the variety of geran ium. I have learned that we must ex pect effects in accordance with the plant food which It receives. Last year when transplanting them to the open ground, we made the soil rich av 1th well rotted manure from the cow stables. The plants made an ex ceedingly rapid growth, with leaves which were remarkable as to size and deep coloring, but throughout the sum mer the flowers were so sparse that our disappointment was great. For some reason florists seldom, or never, refer \o the proper balancing of plant foods when preparing soil for flowers, but I believe It fully as necessary to success In this work as In the growing of fruits and grains. The fruit grower and the farmer knows that nitrogen in too great amount will cause too rank a growth of leaf and stalk at the expense of fruit or grain, but If the nitrogen is properly balanced with the two other Important elements of all plant life, viz.. potash and phosphoric add, both fruit and grain will be perfectly devel oped. It was plainly evident that my geran iums were given an excess of nitrogen by fertilizing with the barn manure alone, which is quite often very de ticlent in either potash or phosphoric acids, scientists tell us, and so I de cided this past spring to experiment. liefore transplanting the geraniums, we thoroughly mixed with the soil of the bed. which was eight by two feet, a round quart of high grade fertilizer, isucli as we use for garden truck. This contains In 100 pounds of material, four pounds of nitrogen, seven pounds fit available phosphoric* acid and ten pounds of actual potash 4n the sulphate ? form. The result has been most satisfac tory. The geranium leaves have not been abnormally large, as -were those of Inst year, nor too greatly abundant, but the flower stems seem almost countless and the trusses are enormous and of great brilliancy of color. Plants of the siime variety were again given the treatment of last yenr and proved as unsatisfactory. I think nil flower growers will meet wllli bet ter success in regard to profusion of flowers and intensity of color If they will mix some potash salt with the stable manure and soli, and I know I the flowers nre fur more lasting than those grown with manure, without this addition. "TIT' T.nce/n* on Handy Soil. ,T. P. Pearson? Could sandy pine Innd with yellow sand subsoil be made rich enough to grow lucerne? What time should It be sown for winter pasture? Would It injure cotton to run one or two furrows to the row at this time of year and sow rye for winter pas ture? Answer? A snndy 'onm, made very rich, is the very place for lucerne Cn I falfa), such a location and condition as would produce a due yield of sugar cane. or forty to fifty bushels of corn, would produce a satisfactory growth of clover. The proper time to sow the seeds is in September or October, after thoroughly pn paring :i nd r ertillzing for manuring* the bun', provided yen c:tn have a good season in the ground? suflb lent to bring tin the seed prompt ly. If the seed lie in the ground until the winter vaiii*? s t in and then com" up th" chances are that the young plants will be killed by the Ill's! h-nw frosf. J advise you to sow in row. thirty Inch"* apart. Just as yon woii'-l sow rutabaga I'M-nips, that tli-* hr:d can be filed wl.ii cultivator or s'Tjiiv. f.uc. rne is not so well adapted io -r Ing and certainly should not be p?:-' Reflections of a Bachclov. The creom of society is easily sep arated from the milk of human kind ness. Money Ins power to crush happi ness only when its r? ots got in the heart. The true chil Ifii of the kingdor. nr*1 not wenri n; themselves thin ovc their precedence in the mock-coin I which men call society. turcd before It Is In Its third year, and then not heavily, it is particularly suited for green soiling ami for hay. You may also sow the seeds in March or April. It would not Injure cotton In the least to sow in rye and cover in with two or three shallow furrows In one trip with a cultivator.? Professor Soule. v'jj EitubUihlnK m Bin e Grata Sod. ?T. L. M. writes: How Is the best way to net n good blue grass sod? What soils are most suitable for blue grass? What is the correct way to get the number of bushels of lime per acre? It \\ ill take both time and patience and good farming to secure a good blue grass sod. some of the best stuls I have ever seen being from twenty-live to lOo years old. Khie gross conic s slowly and does not become well established for several years, but of course it will yield some grazing and continue to im prove in quality if handled judiciously. Many persons make the mistake of not sowing blue grass at all, but rather wait for it to come naturally. This takes too much time, for one thing, and unless the conditions are very favora ble the waiting may be in vain. On tiie other hand, many who sow blue grass attempt to graze it at the end of the first or second season and over stock the ground, witli the result that the crow ns of the grass are eaten down too closely and much of it dies, or at least it does not grow and spread as r.'.pidlj as it should and weeds coiue I in and choke out what the cattle do not destroy. Land intended for blue grass should lie very carefully prepared and well enriched with farmyard manure, or if that Is not available, a leguminous crop may be plowed under to advan tage and supplemented with liberal ap plications of high-grade acid phosphate and potash, say at the rate of 200 pounds of the former nnd fifty pounds of the latter per acre. Be sure that the land Is free from weeds. This may be accomplished by putting it in a hoed crop a year before seeding to grass and is probably a better and nioie satisfactory method than summer fallowing. Strong limestone soils are best suited to blue grass. It does not give good results as a rule on thin, light, ieaehy dolls or very tenacious clays unless they are well under drained. nine grass loves lime, and where the underlying rocks are well supplied with this element, it gener ally provides satisfactory grazing when once well established. Dry. thin lands are not well adapted to this grass, 't his does not mean that it must of neces sity be sown 011 low land, for bine grass in sections to which it is adapted does well on hilly, rolling land suf ficiently porous to retain a good part of the water that falls on it as rain. It also gives its best results in semi-shaded pastures, as it does not like too strong *pen sunlight. <?" There are many ways of applylnr lime and.it Is hard to say which is the beat. That depends swgood deal oaf local condition^ nnd oiPfche?J|?n: usertjL There are mahy fortos of flme sol^ on the markets which can be dlstfibut* ed in the grain drill to advantage. A' special drill is also made for the ap plication of lime. It is not an expen sive implement and provides one of the easiest and most satisfactory ways of distributing a substance which is very mean u> handle. Lime can be ap plied by buying it In the unslaekcd condition and distributing it at satis factory distances over the field, de pending on the amount to be applied per acre, scattering over the ground uniformly after it is slaked and incor porating in the soil with a harrow: The distance apart to place the piles of lime 011 a iv acre of land depends on the rate of application. For instance^ If you put the lime approximately twenty-two f?et apart in each direc tion and put half a bushel in each pile, you would bo applying between liny and sixty bushels per acre. If .vou put twenty-five bushels per acre the distance of the piles would be twice as great, but twenty-five bushels Is a light application. The ordinary grain drill will not apply Ihne in suffi cient ejuantitics for heavy applications unless it is especially constructed with that end in view. For ordinary farm practice lime can he distributed from the wagons in piles ;is sugested. F.ime should be applied about two weeks before seeding, .*<? that ii will h:ivo no injurious eiTect on ^eriuiuation, and as .?1 rule, it should ne applied paral-ly M"?in any comnn ?ci ?? | f-ril'i'/er which J'f.v be u.s-.vl. Andrew M. Soul", in Knoxvilln .iournnl and Tribune. Fx Secretary of the" Navy "John D. l/?ng prefers to make a spied, lather t" listen to one. He declares both uro horos. "Shagreen," now applied to sharfc. Uin goods, came originally from tfic iVovdari word "Saghri," which means K of 11 Insist of bunion. Current Happenings. . C, Cutchin, ?>L' Franklin, was ar rested, charged with forging cheeks for +1,100. James I'rnitl, a Danville cotton mill boy, fell under moving cars and was instanntly kiiled. Twelve lives are known 1o liavo 1?e< 11 lost in t lie storm which sswept over the Great Lukes utid 10 vessels have been sunk.