Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Mynheer Joe BY ST. QEORQE JWTHBORNE. GRAFTS* rvn. [Continued.] rhey TtaSt the Tower# of Bilence, n> r BifBUcent bum, watch the wor in the mosques, where the moulajee chants In a harsh or read* the Koran, while the Mussulmans bow In the dlrec of the arttlnf ran, for Mecca lies ^ far away over the Fenian JOulf. They see life upon the great ?bendy Baaar Bead, where portera (Barry loads, stately elephants are oc casionally met, bollocks draw native vehicles; where stride the rich Brah Mh, the poor gwalla, or cow-herder, Che lordly rajah and his attendant*, (Md the lower grades of Hindoo peo ple. of different castes, each picking ? Ms or her wsy along without touching tethers, which faculty makes a crowd in India more endurable than in any Other place on earth. All these things and others they Bee. The eyes never tire watching the human kaleidoscope that mores. ' pad changes before him. In no other ?fty on earth can this peculiar sprcta ids be met with in so Intense s form ha Bombay. Hlngllng with the col . wed robes of the natives, the white ?r red coats of the British soldiers re flated one of a stupendous fact?that India, containing about a*quarter of Che population of the globe. Is In reali ty ruled by some thirty thousand British soldiers. Truly the Hindoos in a peace-loving people. No war like nation wquld thus tamely bear Che yoke of the conqueror. While Bandy and the Honorable (Demosthenes Tanner are thus taking In the sights, Mr. Orimes nurses a jlaaae ankle at the hotel. This leaves Jfyabeer Joe to show Molly about. They have a very enjoyable aftei thougb It Is Just possible they as much wrapped up In each other Interested in the singular sight* which they gaze. This is only same old story, with variations, has been told since the days of flift parents, and which will never 1? antiquated. Love's young dreaiu! IWhat an ecstasy It carries. No time ?la future life can compare with it It Is near the close of the day, wben they are thinking of returning to the iotel that they arrive In front of a large mosque. Many persons are jpssalng in and out, for worship is carried on at all houra among the Mo Suunmedans. "Let us look In," says Joe. "I think tt will repay you for the trouble." . He pays no attention to a frowning Hindoo near the door, but soon sees that they will not allow his compan ion to pass. This mosque Is Just ns ?acred as the highest at Mecca. The fbllowera of Mohammed believe so Uttle In women having a soul like 'themselves that they deprive them of *my privileges. They are deemed ?sr nanta, slaves, or. If particularly JOsautiful. fit snhjects for a harem. 1 Thus foiled. Mynheer Joe and bis fair charge turn away, laughing. They Mo not aeem to feel very badly over She matter. True, the young woman's jgarloslty is piqued, bat there are so pnany things to be teen in the quaint #lty that It need not worry one if a Single door la shut in one's face. It la Just at thla moment that they become aware of something out of the 0Mdlnary In the air. Molly shivers. . "Are we going to have a storm? I ?eel so very queet!" she remarks; .while Joe looks upward in a thoughtful ?Banner. ; "Now that yon mention it, I myself mm conscious of a strange sensation. )Perhaps it comes from being on Arm land after two weeks and more on tfhlpboa'-d; or it may be tbat crowd yonder bas something to do with it" His words draw ber attention down ?he Bhendy Bazar Road. Sure enough, m crowd does seem to be advancing. Something in the way of excitement . reigns in that quarter, and Joe. always on the alert, strains bis eyea to make ?at what it is all about. "Listen P' cries Molly. She stands there like a statue, with her head poised, just as the beautiful deer might hearken in suspense when the distant blast of the huntsman's horn echoes through the forest. The breese is light, but It chances to come from a favorable quarter, where the people are seen, and now they can catch voices raised In deep anger, bel lowing forth angry words. , "Listen! Oh, Mr. Joe, It's the gov ernor!" cries the alarmed girl at his Sure enough. Mynheer Joe has occa sion .to jump to that conclusion him self, for tbat roar of a bull cannot possibly come from any one else. He 'looks closer, and discovers tbat two figures fly in front of the crowd, one tall and Immense In stature, the other rather diminutive?In short, the fugl tlves can be no other than Mr. Tanner and Samiy. What sort of a mess have they got ten Into now? The pursuers seem de termined to wreak vengeance upon them, and It looks serious, for when <mce excltcd these Mohammedans and disciples of Vishnu are bard to con trol; an Insult to saint or god is very apt to be followed by speedy ven geance upou the heart or uie tiioUKm lea* offender, for tbese Mussulmans and idolaters are more touchy about tbelr religion than true believers. "Come," mutters .loo, uneasily, "this looks like a rorloue business. If they overtake them I'm afraid murder will follow. Too bad! What have they been doing? Is this any work of that raecaHy Russian? Never mind crying ?ver Split milk. Tho only thing to b? lone la to save them?but how!" That Is the rub?how? ilfynheer Joe nns to tbink quickly, tor the crowd suracs nearer with ever* minute. He has an Idea which prom tees at leaat some hope* for aucceaa. If he can <lelaj matter*?keep the enemies from coming into personal contact for a little while all may be ?relL "Molly !" be says quickly. "Yes. Joe/' she replies. In times like these etiquette is for gotten. "It Is yonr father's life that la in peril. I will be able to hold them In :heck for a time. Will you dare some thing for his sake?" "Yes. yes! Only tell me!" she gasps. "Run as faat as you can to yonder sorner; then down the street to the left until you come to the cantonment, fell Colonel O'Brien It la Mynheer Joe <rho Is In danger. He will send troops >n the double-quick." She turns and fiita from the spot like a gleam of light. Mynheer Joe has had hie attention at once occupied by the rush. Panting and holding each & revolver In his hand. Sandy and the Western orator rush up. Then Myn aeer Joe stands out between them and the mob of nngry Hindoos. He raises bis hand, and. with the gesture of one ?orn to command thunders out In their tongue the word: "Stop:" CHAPTER XVIII. ? STREET LIFE AMONG THB HIHDOOS. The natives are very much wrought ap by something that has occurred. It does not take a great deal to excite a crowd of Hindoos, especially if they are engaged in worsnip. Any Indig nity to their god or the mosque where in every object is sacred to them, | whether the insult is real or fancied, | will bring tbem around like a swarm of bees, eager for t?be blood of the transgressor. Mynheer Joe knows this full well, and Judging from the excitable con dition of the crowd, fears that his friends have been unwise in doing | something. The Hindoos cease to advance. This word, spoken" in their native tongue, tells them that the other is a master. His personality is great. He checks their desire to reach out their hands and clutch their Intended victims. Eager dark faces, shining out from under varicolored turbans, greet the view, some beared, others smooth. Two dozen pairs of black eyes are focused intently upon one point, and this the countenance of Mynheer Joe. He holds them as if by some magic. They are swayed in a measure by his mind. It is the power of one will over others. ? "What does this mean?" he asks. A 'dozen voices endeavor to answer blm. The babel is such that he cannot understand, lie waves his hand with authority. Then he selects one who seems to.be more inte!ilgent than his fellows, as bio face is crowned by gray hair and beai*d. "Let this man tell we all," be says. They push him forward as spokes man, a position he is eminently fitted to fill. "It is plain. It is simple. We .wre worshiping in our temple before Vish nu. No man dares enter there with his shoes on. Suddenly we bear a ter rible noise, and .these two foreign dev ils jump in through the window. That Is a deadly insult to our god. We burn to avenge it. We chase the In glese here. We demand satisfaction. Vishnu, will have revenge. Tbsjx blood must wipe out the insult. That is all." Murmurs of applause arise as the old Hindoo finishes his little speech. Mynheer Joe sees that it Is as he feared. These people must be handled with gloves in all that pertains to their religion. "Now hear mo. You are fair and lust. It is only right both sides should ?xplaln. Your god was Insulted. I f>elleve it was an accident on the part of my friends, for they do not go around insulting honest worshipers. 1 shall near their story and repeat It to Fou. Then we will see if this trouble tnay not be averted." His manner pleases them, for they feel he is an honest man. So Myn beer Joe turns to his friends and begs Sandy to explain, which that worthy docs In an excited manner, accom panying his words with gestures. The traveler smile*, for be sees the situation Is not so bad as he feared. He speaks to Demosthenes Tanner, who eagerly agrees to bis proposition. Then once more the friend of Gordon faces the eager, attentive crowd, and oroceeds to get hit friends out of this | scrape fmo which their lack of du< caution has thrown them. "Listen!" be says, sharply, and the muttering in the air ceases as If b.v magic. "It is. as I believed, an acci dent. My friends had no desire to dis turb you in your worship, or to Instill your great god Vishnu. With rever ence they were looking in through n window, standing upon a platform, when one end of It gave way and pre ?lpitated them through the opening. They could not explain matters be :ause they are unable to talk youi :onguc. so the best they could do wa? :o retreat. My stout friend is pnrtlc ularly grieved that such a thing ha? oceurro'l. He desires to make restitu Hon as far as possible. I<et the hlgt priest come forward and Accept i handful of rupees. That will provi '.heir friendship." The point Is well taken, anil Jot knows their weakness. Immediately 1 hubbub arises. Most of tiie crow< icem to be in favor of an eager ae .xjptance. A few demur, but they an ?o much In the minority that they art <peedlly snowed under and the inou 'xtfco CQ&1C3 CiWfryj} tr receive tin a Ttomou man. wb< Net tb? priest Joe mw la thi ?o?qoe. though II euaot to the same MjrnWvr Joe kaa.be?i careful t< teep back a portion of the truth, be ??* he Uare tost it create sen aaoble. At the time ef the nddo llsaater Raady bed beet jut patting the finishing toachee to a picture ol the igij old Idol TlahMk epd be bee sanaged to retala ble precious note took throneb all the disturbance. The humor of the crowd hae change* te wonderfully ae upon many a titul ar occasion, for there la nothing mon Schle upon earth than a mob. Tb? worshipers of old Vishnu are aos mger to call the Americans tbeli Mends, though It is all done by word ir gesture. Hand shaking Is generally a booed In India, for a man fears lest * lose csste by touching another snd tare to Inflict punishment on himself is a penalty. Just at thle moment there bursts nto rlew a detachment of Sepoys, leaded by a British officer, at whose Ude runs brave Molly Tanner.. Tbey !ome from the cantonment, and it Is ?vldent the colonel did not hesitate a moment when be learned that Myn ler Joe was In danger. Of course, all are relieved when :hey see the three Americans unin jured, and mark the change In the hu nor of the crowd. Molly cannot un> lerstand It, and as she affectionately greets her father she asks: "What is this? One time these men teem eager to murder you, and now :hey act as though on the best of terms!" Demosthenes Tanner, still blowing wrd from the effects of bis wild run. lerks his thumb over bis shoulder and remarks: "It's all owing to Mwnbeer Joe. He >alavered the heathen, and made them 3elleve we were doing their old god a real favor when we tumbled Into the temple through the window, after the beastly platform gave way." "Indeed! He seems a wonderful man, governor," murmurs the girl, stealing a look at the object of her thoughts who. Just then, is engaged in conversation with the BritUh officer, >xpiclnlng the cause of the sensation. "Yes. ipv dear child. Hueh logic as ae possesses would even enthuse the Illinois Senate. Why, unless you're >n you're guard he can easily bring fou around to bis way of thinking and oaake you believe black is white." The girl turns her head away again, this time to hide her rosy cheeks; she blushes without hArdly knowing why. ?nve that there is something In her father's manner of speaking that seems like a sly allusion and warning to herself. Love is very sensitive, es pecially at that stage where the mod ?st young woman awakens to the con Jltion of her own heart, and the back ward young man has not yet gathered courage enough to storm the citadel which he hopes to capture. As the crowd rapidly increases, with evening coming on apace, it is deemed bost to leave the scene and retire. The soldiers right about face and head back toward the cantonment after the four Americans have entered a palkee gharry and started for tl-elr hotel. Mynheer Joe decides that the baron can hardly l?e held accountable for this affair, since no stretch of the imagina tion could invest him with the powei to weaken the platform and hurl tli? two adventurous lookers-on in Venice through the window of tbe temple of Vishnu. As the incident has really been pro tluctive of no more ill than relieving Tanner's pocket of so many rupees which he can easily afford to offer at tfie shrine of the idol, tliey feel that they can well afford to laugh over the adventure now. This Is especially the case when, af ter Joe has eloquently translated hit speech, and told how he praised the beauties of Vishnu, Saudy passes hit notebook to Molly, and her eyes fal! upon the well-executed fac-Hlmile of the hideous Idol these benighted peo | pie worship. Her laughter breaks forth like rip ?ling water, and the deep bass of tbe governor joins In the tide. Passers-by turn and survey the shl tram with amazement, as though won lering what manner of passengers it :ontains. They reach the tmug little hotel ai light Is casting her mantle over Rom bay. A young moon m*?rinp the half *vay stage hangs high in the heavens proving that It will not be dark ai least. (To be Continued.! Playing Poker With Dollar Bills. Friends of a well-known business man were interested considerably the other day when he received change from a five dollar note after paying a small bill on seeing him closely ex amine the several numbers on the one dollar notes received. "There's a full bouse, aces and treys." be remarked to himself, "and there are two pairs, and there's a straight flush." "What are you talking about?" said one of bis friends. "Why, there are three good pokei hands. I'm going to save them, and to-morrow when I meet the 'gang' at luncheon, we'll Lave a little game with one dollar noten. The loser pays the bill for the crowd. That's why I ex amine the serial number on every one dollar note I get so carefully. Every one I Ret (hat makes a good poker hand 1 save, and I haven't been stuck for the dinners yet." How to Attract Hornets and Beea. Last summer Ned went to the coun try to visit his cousin Will, and one day the two boys walked out Into the woods. They were sitting jon a log poking around with a stick, when sud denly a crowd of yellow jacket* swarmed out from a hole Intent upon punishing the disturbers of their peace Ned took to his heels and ran, wav ing bis hat in all directions, while Will etooa perfectly still. Th? bee* pursued poor Ned. and stung birr frightfully, and paid absolutely no at tentlon to Will. This will invariably happen. If yon keep perfectly quiet, bees will aeldom attack you. but If you run they w' surely follow. Tb tat rid of anfei mix aqwl parts of N|ar and borax and sprinkle shelve* and floor* fkr will sat bo much of the swest mixture that the borax will kill them. To Km hn<i Awe Is no neceaalty tor buying ex pensive carbolic add to be naed as an Insecticide. The ordinary erode car bolic add ta not alriv cheaper, bnt much better than the refined for the purposes of the farmer. It will, like kerosene, easily emulsify with a solu tion of hard soap. To grow large beets use lime on the soil. Experiments aiade demonstrat ed that lime gave better results on beets thsn did some of the best pre pared fertilisers. This does not spply to sugar beets, but to those grown for stock and for the stable. As lime is cheap, farmers should give It a trial on beets. \ Bowli* Um Crop*. Four times as much can be grown on an acre of land by the use of wheel hoes and hand seed drills than when the land la cultivated by horse power, as both the rows and the plants can be closer together. Whether the hand system will pay depends upon the kinds of crops grown snd the location of the farm to markets. IvMt Potatoes o< Kalou. Such plants as sweet potatoes and melons csn endure longer periods of dry weather than some others, but much depends ou the work of the grower. No weeds mast be allowed to grow near plants In the rows, as more moisture is taken from the soil by weeds than by some crops. Cab bage plants should be worked often, as they thrive all the better by fre quent cultivation, and It should be the rule to kill every white butterfly, as they are the parents of the cabbage worms. Much of the injury from drought could be reduced if the farm er would keep the surface soil always loose. A boat WMd Ask. 'Wood ashes not only contain potasb, but serve to loosen stiff soils and per form valuable service as a chemical reagent. This is due to the large pro portion of lime contained in ashes? about thirty-live per cent.?which is in the best form in which it can be used. About 120 pounds of potash is the proportion to a ton of wood ashes, while 700 pounds of lime accompanies it. These proportions may be more or less, according to the kind of wood from which the ashes are obtained, ?sbes are worth only fG per ton, ac cording to the above proportions, so far as the actual potash is concerned, though the lime and other substances contained possess value, the phosphor ic acid ranging from two to five per cent. Afl? Wor?i-?f lM<l. The seeds of mime vegetables are worthless after tlu-.v are two years old, while the seeds of other plants im prove with age until a certain period. For instance, the seeds of artichokes are good until they are three years old; asparagus, four years; beans, two years; kidney beans, one year; beets, ten years; brocoll, four years; cabbage, four years; carrot, one year; cauli flower, four years; celery, ten years; corn, three years; cucumber, ten years; egg plant three years;, endive, four years; kale, four years; leek, two years; lettuce, three yearq; melon, ten years; pea, two years; pumpkin, ten years; radish, four years; salsify, two years; spinach, four years; squash, ten years; tomato, two years, and tur nips, four years. Incubator Don't*. i Don't use oil less than 150 test. Don't help the chick out of the shell. Don't fail to fill the lamps every evening. Don't set the incubator near the win dow. Don't use the same wick for more than one hatch. Don't worry witli moisture gauges or hygrometers. Don't turn nor cool the eggs after 1 they are pipping. | Don't ncglsct cooling the eggs; it | makes strong chicks. Don't try to hatch.duck and hen eggs I la the same incubator. Don't trim the wick with scissors; scrape off the charred part with a match. Don't think you are smarter than the manufacturer of the incubator, for you have a lot to learn. Don't leave the large ends of the eggs pointing In different directions; have them all pointing one way. Ry? or Tarolps After Corn. I have been sowing rye now for two year*. I bow it in the corn field in September as soon as I can get the corn in shock, cultivate, then follow with the grain drill, putting on about two bushels of rye to the acre. I^ast summer I sowed come cow horn tur nips in the corn at lnr?t working in turnips July. They made a good growth. Bowed rye alongside of the turnips In October. We hauled our fertilizer out on the turnips and rye last winter. The year before wbnt land I hnd sowed In rye we manured in the winter. It grew nicely In the spring. We pastured It Koine, then plowed It down for corn agnin. It be ing a cold and wet summer, the corn whs not a large crop. We had a heavy hailstorm a few days before it came out in tassel, which put it back. 1 did not use and fertilizer when sowing the rye, although I believe it would make a stronger growth In the fall. We plowed It under, what stock did not eat, the last week In April and first of May for corn.?John F. Zook, la the American Cultivator. Jadglns A(n of Animals. At the 8mlthftcld and Birmingham shows the following rules govern the Judgment of the age of anlmsls: Cattle having their central perma nent tnclsors cut will be considered as ?xceedlng one year ami sir months. Cattle having their central per ma nent incisors fully ?p will be comld ered ee exceeding one jeer end nine month*. Cattle having their second pelr of permanent Incisors fully up will be considered exceeding two yeers end three months. Cattle he ring their third pelr of per menent Incisors cut will be considered as exceeding two years end eight months. Cattle heving thetr fourth pair (cor ner) permanent Incisors fully up e~d their anterior molars showing signs of wear will be considered as exceeding three years. Sheep having their central perma nent Incisors cut will be considered as exceeding ten months. Sheep having their central perma nent incisors fully up will be consid ered as exceeding twelve months. Sheep having their third pair of per manent Incisors cut will be considered as exceeding eighteen months. Sheep having their third pair of in cisors fully up and the temporary mo lars shed will be considered as ex ceeding twenty-four months. Sheep having their corner permanent Incisors well up, and showing marks of wear, will be considered as exceed ing three years. Lcttac* For Fall Vm. Hot weather does not agree with let tuce. It la the easiest of vegetables to raise during the early part of rum mer, but the hot, dry days of July and August the seed germinates poorly and plants make an indifferent growth, unless given special care. But good lettuce can be grown for use In the fall. If one is willing to give it the necessary attention. The following instructions, taken from the American Encyclopedia of Horticulture, are so apt that they are quoted for the benefit of those who desire lettuce in the fall: "Lettuce planted as late as the time of the ripening of strawberries la not likely to do very well uuless protected from the sun and heat. A supply of line fall lettuce may be secured If in August or early Sept^nber we rema nure and spade the ground which was occupied by the first crop, and make a trench six or eight Inches deep and till with water. When this has soaked away, refill and repeat this from one to six tiYncs, according to the dryness of the soil. Fill this trench with fine, moist, not wet, soil, in which make a mark and sow the seed as In the spring, (.'over the row with a foot wide board, and about three days lat er put some bricks under so as to hold tbe board about two inches above the soil. As soon as the plants are well up, turn the bricks so as to hold the board about four inches up. and take it off altogether about & o'clock in the af ternoon, leaving it off until 8 or 9 in the morning. On cloudy days give more exposure as the plants develop, until the shade is entirely dispensed with." A muslin shade should be as good as a board, or better. An excellent qual ity of leaf may be obtained by this method.?National Fruit Grower. Poultry Bints* Small flocks are most profitable. If you set duck eggs under bens, set them on the ground. One fowl with scurvy legs is apt to impart the disease to others. Let the old and the young fowls have as large a range as possible. When a hen is fed in food she does not require it is simply wasted. A hen likes to scratch, and she should be given the opportunity. The character of the food has much to do with the quality of the egg. Tobacco stems covered with straw is an excellent preventive of Insect breed ing. Feeding broken oil cake to fowls twice a week will often promote lay ing. Clean the eggs as soon as gathered. Shells are porous and if dirty taint the meat. For layers, pullets hatched after the middle of May will not be so profi table. Avoid In and in breeding, that is breeding from stock too closely re lated. Once well started, it Is compara tively easy to keep the young chicks growing. Nothing is more conducive to the health of the fowls than plenty of pure air. Geese should have plenty of pasture and a pond, when they will cost but very little. Good care at all times and under all circumstances is a prime necessity in breeding fowls. Set the hens in a place by them selves. See that the nests are clean and free from lice. If large size and weight are desired, select large hens, but the male should be active and vigorous. Never grease a sitting hen. for If the j grease gets on the eggs It will close I the pores and prevent hatching. I Poultry keeping can be made auxill j ary to other pursuits without infring ing upon the time of the keepers. A mixture of three ounces of sweet oil, one ounce of sulphur and twenty drops of carbolic acid will cure scaly legs on fowls. One of the best feeds to give fowl* Intended for exhibition Is flaxseed meal with other grains. It makes them look sleek and glossy and clears the skin. Sunflower seed may also be given two or three times a week to an advantage. From this time on especially sitting hens should not be fed while cn the nest. They need all of the exercise they are likely to get. Too constant sitting makes them of bad disposition and difficult to manage when they come off with a brood. For Laborer*. The German Government Is endeavor ing to promote the health and happi ness of t'?n laborer of that country by building Suitable sanitary houses for him to live in. GRAFTING GRAPES. Commou clfft graftlug is best for rouni grape rooting*. It is simple, eaay and nearly always successful if properly performed. Remove the soil from the rooting and cut it low enough to allow the soil to be mounded around the point. Split with a chisel, then Insert r. scion of equal diameter so that both sides will kult. Cut the scion bevels equal. Be .areful to have both tides coincide outside so that bark of both stock and scion is practically of same thickness. ABOUT SEEDS. Boes and insects carry pollen from one flower to auother. and the wind also acts ns an agent for such pur pose. The blossoms on a tree may not all be fertilized from the same source. The fruit partakes of tbe nature of both parents, and there will be cases where some seeds of the fruit will produce something superior to the parents, or the reverse may happen. There are hundreds of seeds produced on a single apple tree, while but few of them are planted. It is claimed that on all trees and vines are produced seeds that will produce trees or vines that are better than those from which they come, but the great difficulty is to know where to seek In order to discover the fruit contain ing such seeds on the branches. Suc cess Las been met to a certain extent where polleulzatlou has been artifi cially practiced. THE APPLE TREE BORER. Tlie fly of the apple tree borer will soon be abroad and this suggests at teution to the importance of watching the trunks of the apple trees. The tree in branch or leaf gives no indica tion of the fatal ravages of the borer until utter destruction has been accom plished. Tlie trunk and limbs of a well-kept young apple tree will look as vigorous and clean as though in perfect health, whereas borers may have girdled the tree with the excep tion of a siugle inch of bark. The only safe method lies in care fully examining the trees at their bases at least twice a yt?ftr. A slight spot ting or discoloration of the Dark indi cates the presence of the worm and In spite of various elaborate cures and preventives the old time method with a sharp knife and a wire, and also a sharp pair of eyes seems to be the most effective. The fly prefers to lay its egg* in rongh places or crevices in the bark of the apple and quice trees Just above the surface of the ground?just the place where it is most inconvenient to flud them and dig them out. A practice which I have found useful is to hill up the trunks about the time of the year before the fly deposits her eggs. Later this can be leveled away and what eggs have been laid will be fur ther up on the trunk, where they never scorn to do so much damage.?G. E. M., in Indiana Parmer. CANKER ON TREES. I call attention to a group of dis eases which are becoming increasingly important. These nre known as the canker diseases. We recognize them by their effect upon the bark of the tree?either on the branch or on the stem. There is one form which has been designated by the name of New York apple canker. This attacks wood, fruit and leaves. On the fruit it causes brown or black spots, and Is called black rot or brown rot. The most serious injury, however, in New York State, is that injury which we find on the trees. The branches show dead spots on the bark. These become cankered, increase in size, growing lengthwise with the branch, and con tinue their lateral development until the branch is girdled. The branch then dies. In some Greening orchards an immense amount of damage has been wrought by this disease. All afflicted branches should be rigidly and prompt ly cut out. The trees should be disin fected with copper sulphate at the rate of one pound to twenty-five gallons of water while they are dormant. Sub sequently applications of Bordeaux should bo made. There is another type of cnnkei which, so far as I know, hns no coun terpart upon the fruit, attacking the wood only. It causes brown spots and brown discoloratlons here and there in the bark, which increase in depth and size until the stem and branch nre girdled. The effect then is practically similar to the New York ennker. The remedy is the sntne. An important point In connection with these cankei diseases is that they are what we term wound diseases. The disease obtain; a foothold by the tree having been bruised at some time. The bark I? bruised or broken, and l>y this mean? the spore finds entrance. Bad prun ing, careless cultivating and rough picking all contribute to the develop ment of this type of disease. Good sanitation, coupled with spraying. If the remedy. We hear much of "collai rot" of the King. In my opinion mncb of It In to be chargcd to the careles* cultivator. General Consideration? (1) As far a* possible use resistant varieties. (2? Grow n healthy organism by libera' feeding and thorough cultivation. W Practice thorough sanitation. P.enlr with drainage of soil. (U Insure yout crops by spraying with fuiiKlcides and Insecticides.?Horticultural Keport. UfiKoInn l.nnil?. Statistics compiled by the Zfmtvoj of forty-nine province* of Kuropcnr Russia showed that 891,000 pcusant families, representing a population of I perhaps 7.000.000. had only nine acre? of land to the family, and that 2.211), 444 peasant households, representing n j population of about 18.000.000. hod I only twenty-one acres each, althougt | hundreds of thousands of such house J holds consisted of from eight to twen I ty-flve members. Electricity Is fast ousting hydraullf power in the equipment of Contlnenta Europe, and slowly superseding It i? Great BrlAin. - la Military OfcrmtioM. O difficulty of military op erations in the Far East Is more conspicuous than that caused by the almost entire absence of roads lit (or military use. With good military roads the Japanese could have reached the Yalu River in three weeks Instead of three mouths, aud a decisive battle with the Czar's forces along the rail way could have been fought long be fore the commencement of the rainy season. But without such roads, tlie movements of an army are extremely slow and difficult. The same difficulty was the most conspicuous feature at the time of the Boxer uprising. The whole civilized world was kept in suspense for many weeks by the lack of suitable roads for the advance of the allies ou Pekin. In Europe the building of roads oc cupies a high place in the minds of statesmen and military leaders. They would no more think of ueglcctlug the preparation of roads for military use thau the recruiting of men or the man ufacture of guns. Nearly all the lead ing European Powers pay out hirge sums for rondbuildiug and largely with a view to possible need in time of war. In the early history of our own country the need of military roads oc cupied a large place in the public mind. Most of the statesmen of that period are on record as heartily favoring ap propriations by Congress for building national highways, which in time of need could be used for military pur poses. With tills idea in view the Na tional Pike was constructed, and a doz en other great roads were authorized by Congress, and millions of dollars were spent in their construction. Sev eral of the roads planned, but never finished, wore in the South. The bad ness of roads was one^>f the greatest obstacles with which the armies had to contend during the Civil War. That the Uuitcd States ought to he well supplied with the best of high ways, which in case of need, can be used as military roads, seems too evi dent for question. Yet the cousUuc tion of such highways appears for more thau half a century to have oc cupied scarcely any place in the minds I of statesmen. This apparently anom alous situation is, however, easy to ex plain. In thi9 country we have be come so accustomed to looking on the building of roads as the duty of the farmers that the whole matter is left to he worked out by local com in uni ties. The idea seems to be that the farmers should build the roads for the Government to use as it may liuvo need. State Aid to Road-Building. The road improvement law in Mas sachusetts requires the State roads to be fairly apportioned among the difr ferent counties. This provisiou, to? gether with the smalluess of the sum annually appropriated, has made nec essary wliat the State Highway Com mission calls "a fragmentary distribu tion of State highways." The amount of road to be built in one locality was limited at tirst to the maximum of two miles. The present road map of the State, therefore, shows these roads only as spots apparently scattered over the State, although the intention is, of course, to join them ultimately into systematic lines. The effect of this distribution has been to give the wliolo people of the State some knowledge of the value of improved highways, and this knowledge has manifested it self in aunually Increased appropria tions of State funds for this purpose. The State Aid law of New Jersey allowed the application of the State's contribution to any section of road not less than a mile in length where the local property owners were ready to contribute ten per cent, of the total cost. This law has had much the same effect as that of Massachusetts, and has so disseminated a knowledge of the value of road improvement throughout the State that the appro priations for State aid have steadily increased, and the people in many lo calities, who were formerly opposed to any State action, are clamoring for the State's assistance. The State of Connecticut has fol lowed the same plan as that of New Jersey, and the State of Rhode Island has limited Its construction to lialf iuile samples, one in each of the dif ferent towns. ICoftd-Bnltiling Illnfu. If a road goes over a hill when It >JilgLit go around, tlio Inbor und ex pense pat upon It art* absolutely wast ed. and the sooner Its direction Is changed the better. If a road Ik not rounded up and surface drained. It should be, not only for present use as an earth road, but as a preliminary to macadamizing. If it is not under drained in all wet spots, this should be the first work done. Nothing, in deed, will pay better for present use than putting in tile or stone drains. In laying out a road, straightncsH should always be sacrificed to obtain a comparatively level surface. Al though this is one of the most import ant principles connected with road building, it is one of the most fre quently violated. There Is no objec tion to an absolutely straight road, but graceful and natural curves conform ing to the lay of the land add beauty to the landscape, besides enhancing the value of properly. A Fntnoun Or?nk, P.uda-Fcsth has lost one of Its best known crank*, a man who always went barefoot and bareheaded. His favor ite occupation was to offer medical ad vice to famous persons who wero III. This being rejected, he wrote long dia tribes against human folly aqd printed them. fltrmin Iron l.tMrnlng, German iron and steel exports for j the first quarter of this year show a considerable diminution compared wMh the exports of the same period during the two preceding "?*???,