Mynheer
Joe
BY ST. QEORQE JWTHBORNE.
GRAFTS* rvn.
[Continued.]
rhey TtaSt the Tower# of Bilence, n>
r BifBUcent bum, watch the wor
in the mosques, where the
moulajee chants In a harsh
or read* the Koran, while the
Mussulmans bow In the dlrec
of the arttlnf ran, for Mecca lies
^ far away over the Fenian
JOulf. They see life upon the great
?bendy Baaar Bead, where portera
(Barry loads, stately elephants are oc
casionally met, bollocks draw native
vehicles; where stride the rich Brah
Mh, the poor gwalla, or cow-herder,
Che lordly rajah and his attendant*,
(Md the lower grades of Hindoo peo
ple. of different castes, each picking
? Ms or her wsy along without touching
tethers, which faculty makes a crowd
in India more endurable than in any
Other place on earth.
All these things and others they
Bee. The eyes never tire watching
the human kaleidoscope that mores.
' pad changes before him. In no other
?fty on earth can this peculiar sprcta
ids be met with in so Intense s form
ha Bombay. Hlngllng with the col
. wed robes of the natives, the white
?r red coats of the British soldiers re
flated one of a stupendous fact?that
India, containing about a*quarter of
Che population of the globe. Is In reali
ty ruled by some thirty thousand
British soldiers. Truly the Hindoos
in a peace-loving people. No war
like nation wquld thus tamely bear
Che yoke of the conqueror.
While Bandy and the Honorable
(Demosthenes Tanner are thus taking
In the sights, Mr. Orimes nurses a
jlaaae ankle at the hotel. This leaves
Jfyabeer Joe to show Molly about.
They have a very enjoyable aftei
thougb It Is Just possible they
as much wrapped up In each other
Interested in the singular sight*
which they gaze. This is only
same old story, with variations,
has been told since the days of
flift parents, and which will never
1? antiquated. Love's young dreaiu!
IWhat an ecstasy It carries. No time
?la future life can compare with it
It Is near the close of the day, wben
they are thinking of returning to the
iotel that they arrive In front of a
large mosque. Many persons are
jpssalng in and out, for worship is
carried on at all houra among the Mo
Suunmedans.
"Let us look In," says Joe. "I think
tt will repay you for the trouble."
. He pays no attention to a frowning
Hindoo near the door, but soon sees
that they will not allow his compan
ion to pass. This mosque Is Just ns
?acred as the highest at Mecca. The
fbllowera of Mohammed believe so
Uttle In women having a soul like
'themselves that they deprive them of
*my privileges. They are deemed
?sr nanta, slaves, or. If particularly
JOsautiful. fit snhjects for a harem.
1 Thus foiled. Mynheer Joe and bis
fair charge turn away, laughing. They
Mo not aeem to feel very badly over
She matter. True, the young woman's
jgarloslty is piqued, bat there are so
pnany things to be teen in the quaint
#lty that It need not worry one if a
Single door la shut in one's face.
It la Just at thla moment that they
become aware of something out of the
0Mdlnary In the air. Molly shivers.
. "Are we going to have a storm? I
?eel so very queet!" she remarks;
.while Joe looks upward in a thoughtful
?Banner.
; "Now that yon mention it, I myself
mm conscious of a strange sensation.
)Perhaps it comes from being on Arm
land after two weeks and more on
tfhlpboa'-d; or it may be tbat crowd
yonder bas something to do with it"
His words draw ber attention down
?he Bhendy Bazar Road. Sure enough,
m crowd does seem to be advancing.
Something in the way of excitement
. reigns in that quarter, and Joe. always
on the alert, strains bis eyea to make
?at what it is all about.
"Listen P' cries Molly.
She stands there like a statue, with
her head poised, just as the beautiful
deer might hearken in suspense when
the distant blast of the huntsman's
horn echoes through the forest.
The breese is light, but It chances to
come from a favorable quarter, where
the people are seen, and now they can
catch voices raised In deep anger, bel
lowing forth angry words.
, "Listen! Oh, Mr. Joe, It's the gov
ernor!" cries the alarmed girl at his
Sure enough. Mynheer Joe has occa
sion .to jump to that conclusion him
self, for tbat roar of a bull cannot
possibly come from any one else. He
'looks closer, and discovers tbat two
figures fly in front of the crowd, one
tall and Immense In stature, the other
rather diminutive?In short, the fugl
tlves can be no other than Mr. Tanner
and Samiy.
What sort of a mess have they got
ten Into now? The pursuers seem de
termined to wreak vengeance upon
them, and It looks serious, for when
<mce excltcd these Mohammedans and
disciples of Vishnu are bard to con
trol; an Insult to saint or god is very
apt to be followed by speedy ven
geance upou the heart or uie tiioUKm
lea* offender, for tbese Mussulmans
and idolaters are more touchy about
tbelr religion than true believers.
"Come," mutters .loo, uneasily, "this
looks like a rorloue business. If they
overtake them I'm afraid murder will
follow. Too bad! What have they
been doing? Is this any work of that
raecaHy Russian? Never mind crying
?ver Split milk. Tho only thing to b?
lone la to save them?but how!"
That Is the rub?how?
ilfynheer Joe nns to tbink quickly,
tor the crowd suracs nearer with ever*
minute. He has an Idea which prom
tees at leaat some hope* for aucceaa.
If he can <lelaj matter*?keep the
enemies from coming into personal
contact for a little while all may be
?relL
"Molly !" be says quickly.
"Yes. Joe/' she replies.
In times like these etiquette is for
gotten.
"It Is yonr father's life that la in
peril. I will be able to hold them In
:heck for a time. Will you dare some
thing for his sake?"
"Yes. yes! Only tell me!" she gasps.
"Run as faat as you can to yonder
sorner; then down the street to the
left until you come to the cantonment,
fell Colonel O'Brien It la Mynheer Joe
<rho Is In danger. He will send troops
>n the double-quick."
She turns and fiita from the spot
like a gleam of light. Mynheer Joe
has had hie attention at once occupied
by the rush. Panting and holding each
& revolver In his hand. Sandy and the
Western orator rush up. Then Myn
aeer Joe stands out between them and
the mob of nngry Hindoos. He raises
bis hand, and. with the gesture of one
?orn to command thunders out In
their tongue the word:
"Stop:"
CHAPTER XVIII. ?
STREET LIFE AMONG THB HIHDOOS.
The natives are very much wrought
ap by something that has occurred. It
does not take a great deal to excite a
crowd of Hindoos, especially if they
are engaged in worsnip. Any Indig
nity to their god or the mosque where
in every object is sacred to them, |
whether the insult is real or fancied, |
will bring tbem around like a swarm
of bees, eager for t?be blood of the
transgressor.
Mynheer Joe knows this full well,
and Judging from the excitable con
dition of the crowd, fears that his
friends have been unwise in doing |
something.
The Hindoos cease to advance. This
word, spoken" in their native tongue,
tells them that the other is a master.
His personality is great. He checks
their desire to reach out their hands
and clutch their Intended victims.
Eager dark faces, shining out from
under varicolored turbans, greet the
view, some beared, others smooth.
Two dozen pairs of black eyes are
focused intently upon one point, and
this the countenance of Mynheer Joe.
He holds them as if by some magic.
They are swayed in a measure by his
mind. It is the power of one will over
others. ?
"What does this mean?" he asks.
A 'dozen voices endeavor to answer
blm. The babel is such that he cannot
understand, lie waves his hand with
authority.
Then he selects one who seems to.be
more inte!ilgent than his fellows, as
bio face is crowned by gray hair and
beai*d.
"Let this man tell we all," be says.
They push him forward as spokes
man, a position he is eminently fitted
to fill.
"It is plain. It is simple. We .wre
worshiping in our temple before Vish
nu. No man dares enter there with
his shoes on. Suddenly we bear a ter
rible noise, and .these two foreign dev
ils jump in through the window. That
Is a deadly insult to our god. We
burn to avenge it. We chase the In
glese here. We demand satisfaction.
Vishnu, will have revenge. Tbsjx
blood must wipe out the insult. That
is all."
Murmurs of applause arise as the
old Hindoo finishes his little speech.
Mynheer Joe sees that it Is as he
feared. These people must be handled
with gloves in all that pertains to their
religion.
"Now hear mo. You are fair and
lust. It is only right both sides should
?xplaln. Your god was Insulted. I
f>elleve it was an accident on the part
of my friends, for they do not go
around insulting honest worshipers. 1
shall near their story and repeat It to
Fou. Then we will see if this trouble
tnay not be averted."
His manner pleases them, for they
feel he is an honest man. So Myn
beer Joe turns to his friends and begs
Sandy to explain, which that worthy
docs In an excited manner, accom
panying his words with gestures.
The traveler smile*, for be sees the
situation Is not so bad as he feared.
He speaks to Demosthenes Tanner,
who eagerly agrees to bis proposition.
Then once more the friend of Gordon
faces the eager, attentive crowd, and
oroceeds to get hit friends out of this
| scrape fmo which their lack of du<
caution has thrown them.
"Listen!" be says, sharply, and the
muttering in the air ceases as If b.v
magic. "It is. as I believed, an acci
dent. My friends had no desire to dis
turb you in your worship, or to Instill
your great god Vishnu. With rever
ence they were looking in through n
window, standing upon a platform,
when one end of It gave way and pre
?lpitated them through the opening.
They could not explain matters be
:ause they are unable to talk youi
:onguc. so the best they could do wa?
:o retreat. My stout friend is pnrtlc
ularly grieved that such a thing ha?
oceurro'l. He desires to make restitu
Hon as far as possible. I<et the hlgt
priest come forward and Accept i
handful of rupees. That will provi
'.heir friendship."
The point Is well taken, anil Jot
knows their weakness. Immediately
1 hubbub arises. Most of tiie crow<
icem to be in favor of an eager ae
.xjptance. A few demur, but they an
?o much In the minority that they art
<peedlly snowed under and the inou
'xtfco CQ&1C3 CiWfryj} tr receive tin
a Ttomou man. wb<
Net tb? priest Joe mw la thi
?o?qoe. though II euaot to the same
MjrnWvr Joe kaa.be?i careful t<
teep back a portion of the truth, be
??* he Uare tost it create sen
aaoble. At the time ef the nddo
llsaater Raady bed beet jut patting
the finishing toachee to a picture ol
the igij old Idol TlahMk epd be bee
sanaged to retala ble precious note
took throneb all the disturbance.
The humor of the crowd hae change*
te wonderfully ae upon many a titul
ar occasion, for there la nothing mon
Schle upon earth than a mob. Tb?
worshipers of old Vishnu are aos
mger to call the Americans tbeli
Mends, though It is all done by word
ir gesture. Hand shaking Is generally
a booed In India, for a man fears lest
* lose csste by touching another snd
tare to Inflict punishment on himself
is a penalty.
Just at thle moment there bursts
nto rlew a detachment of Sepoys,
leaded by a British officer, at whose
Ude runs brave Molly Tanner.. Tbey
!ome from the cantonment, and it Is
?vldent the colonel did not hesitate a
moment when be learned that Myn
ler Joe was In danger.
Of course, all are relieved when
:hey see the three Americans unin
jured, and mark the change In the hu
nor of the crowd. Molly cannot un>
lerstand It, and as she affectionately
greets her father she asks:
"What is this? One time these men
teem eager to murder you, and now
:hey act as though on the best of
terms!"
Demosthenes Tanner, still blowing
wrd from the effects of bis wild run.
lerks his thumb over bis shoulder and
remarks:
"It's all owing to Mwnbeer Joe. He
>alavered the heathen, and made them
3elleve we were doing their old god a
real favor when we tumbled Into the
temple through the window, after the
beastly platform gave way."
"Indeed! He seems a wonderful
man, governor," murmurs the girl,
stealing a look at the object of her
thoughts who. Just then, is engaged in
conversation with the BritUh officer,
>xpiclnlng the cause of the sensation.
"Yes. ipv dear child. Hueh logic as
ae possesses would even enthuse the
Illinois Senate. Why, unless you're
>n you're guard he can easily bring
fou around to bis way of thinking and
oaake you believe black is white."
The girl turns her head away again,
this time to hide her rosy cheeks; she
blushes without hArdly knowing why.
?nve that there is something In her
father's manner of speaking that
seems like a sly allusion and warning
to herself. Love is very sensitive, es
pecially at that stage where the mod
?st young woman awakens to the con
Jltion of her own heart, and the back
ward young man has not yet gathered
courage enough to storm the citadel
which he hopes to capture.
As the crowd rapidly increases, with
evening coming on apace, it is deemed
bost to leave the scene and retire. The
soldiers right about face and head
back toward the cantonment after the
four Americans have entered a palkee
gharry and started for tl-elr hotel.
Mynheer Joe decides that the baron
can hardly l?e held accountable for this
affair, since no stretch of the imagina
tion could invest him with the powei
to weaken the platform and hurl tli?
two adventurous lookers-on in Venice
through the window of tbe temple of
Vishnu.
As the incident has really been pro
tluctive of no more ill than relieving
Tanner's pocket of so many rupees
which he can easily afford to offer at
tfie shrine of the idol, tliey feel that
they can well afford to laugh over the
adventure now.
This Is especially the case when, af
ter Joe has eloquently translated hit
speech, and told how he praised the
beauties of Vishnu, Saudy passes hit
notebook to Molly, and her eyes fal!
upon the well-executed fac-Hlmile of
the hideous Idol these benighted peo
| pie worship.
Her laughter breaks forth like rip
?ling water, and the deep bass of tbe
governor joins In the tide.
Passers-by turn and survey the shl
tram with amazement, as though won
lering what manner of passengers it
:ontains.
They reach the tmug little hotel ai
light Is casting her mantle over Rom
bay. A young moon m*?rinp the half
*vay stage hangs high in the heavens
proving that It will not be dark ai
least.
(To be Continued.!
Playing Poker With Dollar Bills.
Friends of a well-known business
man were interested considerably the
other day when he received change
from a five dollar note after paying a
small bill on seeing him closely ex
amine the several numbers on the one
dollar notes received.
"There's a full bouse, aces and
treys." be remarked to himself, "and
there are two pairs, and there's a
straight flush."
"What are you talking about?" said
one of bis friends.
"Why, there are three good pokei
hands. I'm going to save them, and
to-morrow when I meet the 'gang' at
luncheon, we'll Lave a little game with
one dollar noten. The loser pays the
bill for the crowd. That's why I ex
amine the serial number on every one
dollar note I get so carefully. Every
one I Ret (hat makes a good poker
hand 1 save, and I haven't been stuck
for the dinners yet."
How to Attract Hornets and Beea.
Last summer Ned went to the coun
try to visit his cousin Will, and one
day the two boys walked out Into the
woods. They were sitting jon a log
poking around with a stick, when sud
denly a crowd of yellow jacket*
swarmed out from a hole Intent upon
punishing the disturbers of their peace
Ned took to his heels and ran, wav
ing bis hat in all directions, while
Will etooa perfectly still. Th? bee*
pursued poor Ned. and stung birr
frightfully, and paid absolutely no at
tentlon to Will.
This will invariably happen. If yon
keep perfectly quiet, bees will aeldom
attack you. but If you run they w'
surely follow.
Tb tat rid of anfei mix aqwl parts
of N|ar and borax and sprinkle
shelve* and floor* fkr will sat bo
much of the swest mixture that the
borax will kill them.
To Km hn<i
Awe Is no neceaalty tor buying ex
pensive carbolic add to be naed as an
Insecticide. The ordinary erode car
bolic add ta not alriv cheaper, bnt
much better than the refined for the
purposes of the farmer. It will, like
kerosene, easily emulsify with a solu
tion of hard soap.
To grow large beets use lime on the
soil. Experiments aiade demonstrat
ed that lime gave better results on
beets thsn did some of the best pre
pared fertilisers. This does not spply
to sugar beets, but to those grown for
stock and for the stable. As lime is
cheap, farmers should give It a trial
on beets. \
Bowli* Um Crop*.
Four times as much can be grown
on an acre of land by the use of wheel
hoes and hand seed drills than when
the land la cultivated by horse power,
as both the rows and the plants can
be closer together. Whether the hand
system will pay depends upon the
kinds of crops grown snd the location
of the farm to markets.
IvMt Potatoes o< Kalou.
Such plants as sweet potatoes and
melons csn endure longer periods of
dry weather than some others, but
much depends ou the work of the
grower. No weeds mast be allowed to
grow near plants In the rows, as more
moisture is taken from the soil by
weeds than by some crops. Cab
bage plants should be worked often,
as they thrive all the better by fre
quent cultivation, and It should be the
rule to kill every white butterfly, as
they are the parents of the cabbage
worms. Much of the injury from
drought could be reduced if the farm
er would keep the surface soil always
loose.
A boat WMd Ask.
'Wood ashes not only contain potasb,
but serve to loosen stiff soils and per
form valuable service as a chemical
reagent. This is due to the large pro
portion of lime contained in ashes?
about thirty-live per cent.?which is
in the best form in which it can be
used. About 120 pounds of potash is
the proportion to a ton of wood ashes,
while 700 pounds of lime accompanies
it. These proportions may be more or
less, according to the kind of wood
from which the ashes are obtained,
?sbes are worth only fG per ton, ac
cording to the above proportions, so
far as the actual potash is concerned,
though the lime and other substances
contained possess value, the phosphor
ic acid ranging from two to five per
cent.
Afl? Wor?i-?f lM<l.
The seeds of mime vegetables are
worthless after tlu-.v are two years old,
while the seeds of other plants im
prove with age until a certain period.
For instance, the seeds of artichokes
are good until they are three years old;
asparagus, four years; beans, two
years; kidney beans, one year; beets,
ten years; brocoll, four years; cabbage,
four years; carrot, one year; cauli
flower, four years; celery, ten years;
corn, three years; cucumber, ten years;
egg plant three years;, endive, four
years; kale, four years; leek, two
years; lettuce, three yearq; melon, ten
years; pea, two years; pumpkin, ten
years; radish, four years; salsify, two
years; spinach, four years; squash,
ten years; tomato, two years, and tur
nips, four years.
Incubator Don't*. i
Don't use oil less than 150 test.
Don't help the chick out of the shell.
Don't fail to fill the lamps every
evening.
Don't set the incubator near the win
dow.
Don't use the same wick for more
than one hatch.
Don't worry witli moisture gauges
or hygrometers.
Don't turn nor cool the eggs after
1 they are pipping.
| Don't ncglsct cooling the eggs; it
| makes strong chicks.
Don't try to hatch.duck and hen eggs
I la the same incubator.
Don't trim the wick with scissors;
scrape off the charred part with a
match.
Don't think you are smarter than the
manufacturer of the incubator, for you
have a lot to learn.
Don't leave the large ends of the
eggs pointing In different directions;
have them all pointing one way.
Ry? or Tarolps After Corn.
I have been sowing rye now for two
year*. I bow it in the corn field in
September as soon as I can get the
corn in shock, cultivate, then follow
with the grain drill, putting on about
two bushels of rye to the acre. I^ast
summer I sowed come cow horn tur
nips in the corn at lnr?t working in
turnips July. They made a good
growth. Bowed rye alongside of the
turnips In October. We hauled our
fertilizer out on the turnips and rye
last winter. The year before wbnt
land I hnd sowed In rye we manured
in the winter. It grew nicely In the
spring. We pastured It Koine, then
plowed It down for corn agnin. It be
ing a cold and wet summer, the corn
whs not a large crop. We had a heavy
hailstorm a few days before it came
out in tassel, which put it back. 1 did
not use and fertilizer when sowing the
rye, although I believe it would make
a stronger growth In the fall. We
plowed It under, what stock did not
eat, the last week In April and first of
May for corn.?John F. Zook, la the
American Cultivator.
Jadglns A(n of Animals.
At the 8mlthftcld and Birmingham
shows the following rules govern the
Judgment of the age of anlmsls:
Cattle having their central perma
nent tnclsors cut will be considered as
?xceedlng one year ami sir months.
Cattle having their central per ma
nent incisors fully ?p will be comld
ered ee exceeding one jeer end nine
month*.
Cattle having their second pelr of
permanent Incisors fully up will be
considered exceeding two yeers end
three months.
Cattle he ring their third pelr of per
menent Incisors cut will be considered
as exceeding two years end eight
months.
Cattle heving thetr fourth pair (cor
ner) permanent Incisors fully up e~d
their anterior molars showing signs of
wear will be considered as exceeding
three years.
Sheep having their central perma
nent Incisors cut will be considered as
exceeding ten months.
Sheep having their central perma
nent incisors fully up will be consid
ered as exceeding twelve months.
Sheep having their third pair of per
manent Incisors cut will be considered
as exceeding eighteen months.
Sheep having their third pair of in
cisors fully up and the temporary mo
lars shed will be considered as ex
ceeding twenty-four months.
Sheep having their corner permanent
Incisors well up, and showing marks
of wear, will be considered as exceed
ing three years.
Lcttac* For Fall Vm.
Hot weather does not agree with let
tuce. It la the easiest of vegetables to
raise during the early part of rum
mer, but the hot, dry days of July and
August the seed germinates poorly
and plants make an indifferent growth,
unless given special care. But good
lettuce can be grown for use In the
fall. If one is willing to give it the
necessary attention.
The following instructions, taken
from the American Encyclopedia of
Horticulture, are so apt that they are
quoted for the benefit of those who
desire lettuce in the fall:
"Lettuce planted as late as the time
of the ripening of strawberries la not
likely to do very well uuless protected
from the sun and heat. A supply of
line fall lettuce may be secured If in
August or early Sept^nber we rema
nure and spade the ground which was
occupied by the first crop, and make a
trench six or eight Inches deep and
till with water. When this has soaked
away, refill and repeat this from one
to six tiYncs, according to the dryness
of the soil. Fill this trench with fine,
moist, not wet, soil, in which make a
mark and sow the seed as In the
spring, (.'over the row with a foot
wide board, and about three days lat
er put some bricks under so as to hold
tbe board about two inches above the
soil. As soon as the plants are well
up, turn the bricks so as to hold the
board about four inches up. and take it
off altogether about & o'clock in the af
ternoon, leaving it off until 8 or 9 in
the morning. On cloudy days give
more exposure as the plants develop,
until the shade is entirely dispensed
with."
A muslin shade should be as good as
a board, or better. An excellent qual
ity of leaf may be obtained by this
method.?National Fruit Grower.
Poultry Bints*
Small flocks are most profitable.
If you set duck eggs under bens, set
them on the ground.
One fowl with scurvy legs is apt to
impart the disease to others.
Let the old and the young fowls have
as large a range as possible.
When a hen is fed in food she does
not require it is simply wasted.
A hen likes to scratch, and she
should be given the opportunity.
The character of the food has much
to do with the quality of the egg.
Tobacco stems covered with straw is
an excellent preventive of Insect breed
ing.
Feeding broken oil cake to fowls
twice a week will often promote lay
ing.
Clean the eggs as soon as gathered.
Shells are porous and if dirty taint the
meat.
For layers, pullets hatched after the
middle of May will not be so profi
table.
Avoid In and in breeding, that is
breeding from stock too closely re
lated.
Once well started, it Is compara
tively easy to keep the young chicks
growing.
Nothing is more conducive to the
health of the fowls than plenty of
pure air.
Geese should have plenty of pasture
and a pond, when they will cost but
very little.
Good care at all times and under all
circumstances is a prime necessity in
breeding fowls.
Set the hens in a place by them
selves. See that the nests are clean
and free from lice.
If large size and weight are desired,
select large hens, but the male should
be active and vigorous.
Never grease a sitting hen. for If the
j grease gets on the eggs It will close
I the pores and prevent hatching.
I Poultry keeping can be made auxill
j ary to other pursuits without infring
ing upon the time of the keepers.
A mixture of three ounces of sweet
oil, one ounce of sulphur and twenty
drops of carbolic acid will cure scaly
legs on fowls.
One of the best feeds to give fowl*
Intended for exhibition Is flaxseed
meal with other grains. It makes
them look sleek and glossy and clears
the skin. Sunflower seed may also be
given two or three times a week to an
advantage.
From this time on especially sitting
hens should not be fed while cn the
nest. They need all of the exercise
they are likely to get. Too constant
sitting makes them of bad disposition
and difficult to manage when they
come off with a brood.
For Laborer*.
The German Government Is endeavor
ing to promote the health and happi
ness of t'?n laborer of that country by
building Suitable sanitary houses for
him to live in.
GRAFTING GRAPES.
Commou clfft graftlug is best for
rouni grape rooting*. It is simple,
eaay and nearly always successful if
properly performed. Remove the soil
from the rooting and cut it low enough
to allow the soil to be mounded around
the point. Split with a chisel, then
Insert r. scion of equal diameter so
that both sides will kult. Cut the scion
bevels equal. Be .areful to have both
tides coincide outside so that bark of
both stock and scion is practically of
same thickness.
ABOUT SEEDS.
Boes and insects carry pollen from
one flower to auother. and the wind
also acts ns an agent for such pur
pose. The blossoms on a tree may
not all be fertilized from the same
source. The fruit partakes of tbe
nature of both parents, and there will
be cases where some seeds of the
fruit will produce something superior
to the parents, or the reverse may
happen. There are hundreds of seeds
produced on a single apple tree, while
but few of them are planted. It is
claimed that on all trees and vines are
produced seeds that will produce trees
or vines that are better than those
from which they come, but the great
difficulty is to know where to seek
In order to discover the fruit contain
ing such seeds on the branches. Suc
cess Las been met to a certain extent
where polleulzatlou has been artifi
cially practiced.
THE APPLE TREE BORER.
Tlie fly of the apple tree borer will
soon be abroad and this suggests at
teution to the importance of watching
the trunks of the apple trees. The
tree in branch or leaf gives no indica
tion of the fatal ravages of the borer
until utter destruction has been accom
plished. Tlie trunk and limbs of a
well-kept young apple tree will look
as vigorous and clean as though in
perfect health, whereas borers may
have girdled the tree with the excep
tion of a siugle inch of bark.
The only safe method lies in care
fully examining the trees at their bases
at least twice a yt?ftr. A slight spot
ting or discoloration of the Dark indi
cates the presence of the worm and In
spite of various elaborate cures and
preventives the old time method with
a sharp knife and a wire, and also a
sharp pair of eyes seems to be the
most effective.
The fly prefers to lay its egg* in rongh
places or crevices in the bark of the
apple and quice trees Just above the
surface of the ground?just the place
where it is most inconvenient to flud
them and dig them out. A practice
which I have found useful is to hill
up the trunks about the time of the
year before the fly deposits her eggs.
Later this can be leveled away and
what eggs have been laid will be fur
ther up on the trunk, where they never
scorn to do so much damage.?G. E. M.,
in Indiana Parmer.
CANKER ON TREES.
I call attention to a group of dis
eases which are becoming increasingly
important. These nre known as the
canker diseases. We recognize them
by their effect upon the bark of the
tree?either on the branch or on the
stem. There is one form which has
been designated by the name of New
York apple canker. This attacks
wood, fruit and leaves. On the fruit
it causes brown or black spots, and Is
called black rot or brown rot. The
most serious injury, however, in New
York State, is that injury which we
find on the trees. The branches show
dead spots on the bark. These become
cankered, increase in size, growing
lengthwise with the branch, and con
tinue their lateral development until
the branch is girdled. The branch then
dies. In some Greening orchards an
immense amount of damage has been
wrought by this disease. All afflicted
branches should be rigidly and prompt
ly cut out. The trees should be disin
fected with copper sulphate at the rate
of one pound to twenty-five gallons of
water while they are dormant. Sub
sequently applications of Bordeaux
should bo made.
There is another type of cnnkei
which, so far as I know, hns no coun
terpart upon the fruit, attacking the
wood only. It causes brown spots and
brown discoloratlons here and there in
the bark, which increase in depth and
size until the stem and branch nre
girdled. The effect then is practically
similar to the New York ennker. The
remedy is the sntne. An important
point In connection with these cankei
diseases is that they are what we term
wound diseases. The disease obtain;
a foothold by the tree having been
bruised at some time. The bark I?
bruised or broken, and l>y this mean?
the spore finds entrance. Bad prun
ing, careless cultivating and rough
picking all contribute to the develop
ment of this type of disease. Good
sanitation, coupled with spraying. If
the remedy. We hear much of "collai
rot" of the King. In my opinion mncb
of It In to be chargcd to the careles*
cultivator.
General Consideration? (1) As far a*
possible use resistant varieties. (2?
Grow n healthy organism by libera'
feeding and thorough cultivation. W
Practice thorough sanitation. P.enlr
with drainage of soil. (U Insure yout
crops by spraying with fuiiKlcides and
Insecticides.?Horticultural Keport.
UfiKoInn l.nnil?.
Statistics compiled by the Zfmtvoj
of forty-nine province* of Kuropcnr
Russia showed that 891,000 pcusant
families, representing a population of
I perhaps 7.000.000. had only nine acre?
of land to the family, and that 2.211),
444 peasant households, representing n
j population of about 18.000.000. hod
I only twenty-one acres each, althougt
| hundreds of thousands of such house
J holds consisted of from eight to twen
I ty-flve members.
Electricity Is fast ousting hydraullf
power in the equipment of Contlnenta
Europe, and slowly superseding It i?
Great BrlAin. -
la Military OfcrmtioM.
O difficulty of military op
erations in the Far East
Is more conspicuous than
that caused by the almost
entire absence of roads lit
(or military use. With good military
roads the Japanese could have reached
the Yalu River in three weeks Instead
of three mouths, aud a decisive battle
with the Czar's forces along the rail
way could have been fought long be
fore the commencement of the rainy
season. But without such roads, tlie
movements of an army are extremely
slow and difficult.
The same difficulty was the most
conspicuous feature at the time of the
Boxer uprising. The whole civilized
world was kept in suspense for many
weeks by the lack of suitable roads
for the advance of the allies ou Pekin.
In Europe the building of roads oc
cupies a high place in the minds of
statesmen and military leaders. They
would no more think of ueglcctlug the
preparation of roads for military use
thau the recruiting of men or the man
ufacture of guns. Nearly all the lead
ing European Powers pay out hirge
sums for rondbuildiug and largely
with a view to possible need in time of
war.
In the early history of our own
country the need of military roads oc
cupied a large place in the public mind.
Most of the statesmen of that period
are on record as heartily favoring ap
propriations by Congress for building
national highways, which in time of
need could be used for military pur
poses. With tills idea in view the Na
tional Pike was constructed, and a doz
en other great roads were authorized
by Congress, and millions of dollars
were spent in their construction. Sev
eral of the roads planned, but never
finished, wore in the South. The bad
ness of roads was one^>f the greatest
obstacles with which the armies had to
contend during the Civil War.
That the Uuitcd States ought to he
well supplied with the best of high
ways, which in case of need, can be
used as military roads, seems too evi
dent for question. Yet the cousUuc
tion of such highways appears for
more thau half a century to have oc
cupied scarcely any place in the minds
I of statesmen. This apparently anom
alous situation is, however, easy to ex
plain. In thi9 country we have be
come so accustomed to looking on the
building of roads as the duty of the
farmers that the whole matter is left
to he worked out by local com in uni
ties. The idea seems to be that the
farmers should build the roads for the
Government to use as it may liuvo
need.
State Aid to Road-Building.
The road improvement law in Mas
sachusetts requires the State roads to
be fairly apportioned among the difr
ferent counties. This provisiou, to?
gether with the smalluess of the sum
annually appropriated, has made nec
essary wliat the State Highway Com
mission calls "a fragmentary distribu
tion of State highways." The amount
of road to be built in one locality was
limited at tirst to the maximum of two
miles. The present road map of the
State, therefore, shows these roads
only as spots apparently scattered over
the State, although the intention is, of
course, to join them ultimately into
systematic lines. The effect of this
distribution has been to give the wliolo
people of the State some knowledge
of the value of improved highways,
and this knowledge has manifested it
self in aunually Increased appropria
tions of State funds for this purpose.
The State Aid law of New Jersey
allowed the application of the State's
contribution to any section of road not
less than a mile in length where the
local property owners were ready to
contribute ten per cent, of the total
cost. This law has had much the same
effect as that of Massachusetts, and
has so disseminated a knowledge of
the value of road improvement
throughout the State that the appro
priations for State aid have steadily
increased, and the people in many lo
calities, who were formerly opposed
to any State action, are clamoring for
the State's assistance.
The State of Connecticut has fol
lowed the same plan as that of New
Jersey, and the State of Rhode Island
has limited Its construction to lialf
iuile samples, one in each of the dif
ferent towns.
ICoftd-Bnltiling Illnfu.
If a road goes over a hill when It
>JilgLit go around, tlio Inbor und ex
pense pat upon It art* absolutely wast
ed. and the sooner Its direction Is
changed the better. If a road Ik not
rounded up and surface drained. It
should be, not only for present use as
an earth road, but as a preliminary
to macadamizing. If it is not under
drained in all wet spots, this should
be the first work done. Nothing, in
deed, will pay better for present use
than putting in tile or stone drains.
In laying out a road, straightncsH
should always be sacrificed to obtain
a comparatively level surface. Al
though this is one of the most import
ant principles connected with road
building, it is one of the most fre
quently violated. There Is no objec
tion to an absolutely straight road, but
graceful and natural curves conform
ing to the lay of the land add beauty
to the landscape, besides enhancing
the value of properly.
A Fntnoun Or?nk,
P.uda-Fcsth has lost one of Its best
known crank*, a man who always went
barefoot and bareheaded. His favor
ite occupation was to offer medical ad
vice to famous persons who wero III.
This being rejected, he wrote long dia
tribes against human folly aqd printed
them.
fltrmin Iron l.tMrnlng,
German iron and steel exports for
j the first quarter of this year show a
considerable diminution compared
wMh the exports of the same period
during the two preceding "?*???,