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CHERAW GAZETTE and PEE DEi FARMER. \-n,,.VF. ,y CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA. WtlDAY EVENING. AUGUST 2, 1839. NUMBER XXXVIII. 2?9 *&&&&&&&) EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS? If paid within three months, - S3 00 If paid within three months after the close of tho year, - 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the cloee of the year 4 00 If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 A company of eight new subscribers at the e&me post office, whose names are forwarded together, and accompanied by the cash, shall be entitled to the paper for ?20 ; and a company of fifteen new subscribers for ?30. No paper to be discontinued but at the option of tho editor till arrearages aro paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty * mllM Persons sending in advertisements are requ'js. tea wo specify the number of times they aro to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. (ETThe Postage must be paid on all comuju. nications. PROSPECTUS OF THE AND CHEBAW ADVERTISER. The Editor of the Cheraw Gazette has determined, at the suggestion of the Pee Dee Agricultural Society, to devote more space than formerly to Agriculture, and matters pertaining specially to its interests. About nine columns, or a page and a half weekly, will be occupied with this subject, except when it shall be necessary to make room for Executive I Messages, and a few other political papers such as every intelligent citizen ought to ree d. A large proportion of what shall appear under the Agricultural head must, of course, be selected. But the numerous Agricultural periodicals now published in this country afford abundant and excellent materials for selection; and, after a short time, the reports, and other papers of the Pee Dee Agricultural Society will of themselves, form no inconsiderable body of original matter, all of it adapted particularly to this part of the country. And it is hoped, also, that among the numerous in. telligeot and enterprising planters of the surrounding districts and counties some may be found who will, occasionally, take the trouble of contributing to the columns of the paper the result of their experience. Among the subjects which will engage the Editor's attention the culture of silk shall not be overlooked. Ample instructions will be given, in their proper season, for cultivating the mortis muUicautis and making silk. The paper will espouse the cause of no party in politics, but shall contain an impartial sum ?J ; mary ot political intelligence, ana, tccaaiuuauy, i able speeches and well written essays (when met with) fairly discussing the principles and measures of all parties. It is believed that a comparatively small space devoted to political subjects in this way may be made more profitable to the Farmer of domestic habits, who wishes to be acquainted with the true state of the country and qualified for a proper and intelligent discharge of the duties of citizenship, than a whole sheet filled, from week to week, and year to year, with one-sided discuaeiooa, and the mere quarrels of editors and politicians,? whilst, at the same time, it will not be calculated to estrange neighbor from neighbor, or to mislead into a belief that one half of the country are less patriotic than the other, or lees ardently attached to our republican institutions. So much of the fourth page as shall not be occupied with standing advertisements will generally be filled up with matter of moral and religious cast, and articles conducive, in other respects, to proper family instruction and family discipline. If the increase to the subscription list upon issuing this Prospectus shall be sufficient to warrant the expense, new type will be procured, forthwith, for the body of the paper; that is for the part now printed in large letter; and at the commencement of the next volutin the title of the paper will be changed to Farmer's Gazette and Cheraw Advertiser. TERMS. The paper is published weekly at $3, paid within three months ; $3 50 within three months after the close of the year; $4 within twelve months after the close of tho year, and $5 after that time. A ?mnanv of eisrht new sulwcribers^at the same post office, whose names are forwarded together, and accompanied by the cash, shall bo entitled to the paper for $20; and a company of fifteen new subscribers for $30. Cheraw, S. C. August, 1830. From the New England Farmer, Extract from proceedings op eighth AGRICULTURAL MEETING IN MASSACHUSETTS. ****** The report above named placed the value of ruta bagafor fattening cattle, for milchcows, for swine and for horses at a very high rate. Mr. Brigham of Westboro expressed himself as strongly differing from thu opinions exprersed in tha report in respect to their value. He was disposed to value roots at a high rate ; but tiiere was danger that farmers might expect too much from them ; and he wished to guard them against disappointment. He had in the course of his farming raised from 1000 to 1100 bushels to an acre of ruta baga; and of carrots from 700 to 1200 bush. He had used his ruta baga from cows in milk. They will not double the quantity of milk as the report s ated ; but they will increase it considerably. He thinks, how. ever, that the quality of the milk is injured by their use ; and that the milk of cows fed upon them wilt produce but little cream. He had found them of use in fattening beef. On the whole, however, he deemed them greatly inferior to carrots. Carrots he estimated very highly. They were difficult or rather expensive in cultivation; but if successful, they amply repaid any expense EHHuaaanaHHiHnMHaHMB ' or labor bestowed on them. They were an excellent crop for horses. He did not coin* side in the opinion, stated by the commissioner, of Mr. Merrill of Lee, who said that for feeding horses he should prefer 100 bushels of carrots and one hundred bushels of oats to two hundred bushels of oats; yet he deemed them excellent, and much the best root crop raised among us. He had found it likewise much easier to keep car* rots than to keep ruta baga. Of their valuo for fattening beef or swine he had no know* ledge. Air. Danforth of Pittsfield, stated a case within his own knowledge in which the rai* sing of carrots cost at the rate of eight cents per hushel. Other gentlemen stated that they had been produced in the state in large quantities at the rate of cents per bushel* Mr. Abbot of Westford, was disposed isx valuefuta baga much higher for milch* cows than Mr. Brigham, In his own experience for the increase of butter, where he had tried cows in successive weeks upon pumpkins dnd ruta baga, the increase of butter in the use of the latter root was as 14 to 10. A gentleman of Portsmouth, N. H., with his knowledge had compared the value of carrots with potatoes in fattening i beef; and in this experiment, thirty bushels of Dotatoes nroved eaual to sixty of carrots, ' " ? I 4 It would have been very instructive if Mr. 1 Abbot could have given the particulars of < both of these experiments more fully; this ' wo hope ho will do, and we shall be happy I to make the *N. E. Farmer' the vehicle of | such communications. Mr. Perry of Bradford, spoke next of the ; value of roots. In relation to the keeping i of vegetables he thought a good deal depen- ! ded on the nature of the soil ,in which the 1 cellar, where they were stored, was dug. It often happens, he says, that ruia baga will not keep in the same cellar in which potatoes and carrots may be kept. Of the value of ruta bagi he gave an illustration by an anecdote in which he was a party. He had been accustomed to supply a neighbor of his with milk. His neighbor inquired one time why the rrilk was not as good and as rich a9 it had been. Now this inquiry was made at a time when he had ceased to give his cows ruta baga, with which before they had been liberally supplied. Mr. Buckminf ter spoke highly of the value of roots; but seems to be as hostile to < potatoes as the late William Cobbett; from which it is but natural to infer that he has I no Irish blood in him. He deems grain 1 crops an exhausting crop, and potatoes par- ' ticularly. He thinks the evil complained of, I by which the milk was injured in its taste, < was occasioned by giving the anim?U too < much. The chairman stated that within his ex~ perience it would be safe to feed a bushel i per day to an animal, provided they were kept at the same time on salt-hay. Mr. Buckminister pronounced potatoes a very exhausting crop, and ihe cultivation not to be encouraged. To an inquiry as to the amount of potatoes usually raised per acre, he replied from one hundred to one hundred and fifty bushels, and gave it ns his belief that the crop is Framinghum did not exceed one hundred bushels. Mr. Bruce of Grafton was disposed to defend the potato-crop; and pleasantly re* marked that if he obtained not more than I one hundred bushels per acre, he should be 1 - a quite disposed 'o give them up. in nis own cultivation he considered 200 bushels a light crop?350 bushels a good crop. He ha raised 554 bushels to the acre, and was ac. customed to use 40 bushels of whole pota. toes for seed. He is accustomed to plant them it hills. He said the crop of one of his neighbors had exceeded 700 bushets to the acre. These were certainly cogent ar. guments in reply to the Framingham far* mers. Potatoes are without question an exhausting crop, and return little to the land, the tops amounting to a small matter. In our practice they are far from being an amelio. rating crop, because they are cultivated in the most slovenly manner; they are in ' many cases not hoed more than once, and, the weeds afterward usually abound, and cover Ihe ground with their seeds. This however is altogether the fault of the cultivator and not the crop. In oeat and clean husbandry and at a yield of four hundred bushels to the acre, (and with less than this even the Framingham farmers ought not to be satisfied) they are a valuable crop ; and an acre of potatoes will furnish a great am. aunt of most nutritious food for man and beast; though Cobbett insists upon it they are nothing but so much dirt and water. Mr. Denney of Westboro, stated that ho had fed his cows with carrots and ruta baga; and that in changing from carrots to ruta baga the qualtity of the milk immediately became deteriorated. Address to- the Citizens of Kentucky* on the Silk Culture. At a meeting of the friends of the Silk Culture in Fayette county, held in Lexington on the 10th inst., a committee, of which the undersigned is chairman, was appointed to address the citizens of Kentucky on the importance of establishing a State Silk Society, in order to introduce the business into our Si ate in a proper manner, and under favorable circumstances. In the discharge of this duty, the Com. mittee deems it unnecessary to argue the question of the adaptation of our soil and climate to this business. The experiments which have been made in the State for somo few years pasture too well known, to require more than a reference to them here, and the successful results of these experiments are too fully established to admit any longer of a doubt that we possess every physical and mental peculiarity necessary to the production of as good silk as can be raised in any other country. All there fore. seems to be required of the committee If. to show the comparative value of the sifk business, and the necessity of voluntary combination successfully to introduce it. ^ The first duty, t!en, of the committee is to institute a comparison between! tbe culture of silk and the staple productions^ Kentucky, shewing the advantage, if any, which the former possesses over the lalfer in reference to the land necessary to pursue each with the same force, and the profits arising from the employment of that force, for one year, in each seperate pursuit. Of the staple productions of Kemp is "noW^'onsitfered as affording the best remuneration to iho husbandman for his land and labor; and if we can show that silk will more than double thj profits of a hemp crop, with equal force and capital we think we will have presented arguments sufficient to induce our fellow-citizens to engage in it, or at least to aid it by individual and legislative patronage. The loose manner in which farm-books are kept, and, indeed, in most instances, the entire absence of any regular record of 1* I agricultural pursuits, render it exceedingly difficult to obtain authentic statistics of the hemp crop?but, from the best data in our possession, we conclude that three hands will produce and convey to markot, in one year, off 51 acres of land, at the average rate of 7 cwt. an acre, 357 cwt., which, at $5 a hundred is worth $1785,00 From this deduct the interest of 51 a^res of land worth $100 an acre, at 10 per centum per ann. $510,00 The labor of throe hands 300 days, at $1 a day 900,00 The labor of 2 horses 200 days, at 50 cts. each a day 200,00 The incidental expen. sea 22.00-1632,00 Leaving a balance 5n favor of the cultivator of $153,00 which i9 $3 an acre, or fifty.one dollart a hand, clear profit, after ail expanses of every kind are deducted. This to the individual who farms his own land with his own bunds, is a very handsome income, and one which could it he gouerally realized, remove all ripenings from the far* mrr's home. Gut the profits of the silk business are greater than even these, which will be shown by the following estimate : One acre of Morus Multicaulis trees of two years stand ng, four feet apart each way, will yield foliage enough to produce one million of good cocoons in a season; and by extending the feeding season to on* hundred days, (which we know to be practicable, from the facts which have come under our own observation,) three hands can raiso this number, and put into sewing silk, or other equally valua ble fabrics, ready for the market, in one year. One million of cocoons will readU ly produce 333 1-3 pounds of silk, which at the low price of $7 a pound will be worth $2333,33? From which deduct interest on one acre of land, worth $100, at 10 per cent, per annum $ 10,00 Do. on 2722 trees, at $1 each 272,20 Do. on cocoonery, worth $200 200.00 ! Do. on reels nnd ; wheels to make sewings, worth $27,80 27,80 Cost of three hands j 800 days, at $1 a day 900.00 Incidental cipenscs 23,33J-1433,33J Leaving a balance in favor of the cultivator of $900,00 which is $900 an acre, or $300 a hand clear profits, after all expenses are deducted; being equivalent to 5 15-17 to 1, or 588 417 per cent, in favor of the silk business?without taking in o consideration the additional 50 acres of land necessary to produce a hemp crop sufficient to occupy the same force for the same length of time! These profits will be much enlarged by manufacturing the silk into cloths of various i I kmns. These calculations are made as favorable as possible to the hemp business, and as unfavorable to the silk business?for an acre can be stocked with trees for one. fourth the estimation given above, and a cocoonery of sufficient size can be built for less than half tho value we have assigned it; besides hands of half the worth of hemp hands, can per orm all the operations of tho silk business with perfect ease. But lest our estimates should be deemed too extravagant to be sanctioned by facts, we will give the following statistical view of the profits of one acre in the hands of ten different cultivators, as collected from various authentic sources, which will show an everage profit of Jive hundred and sixteen dollars and eighty cents more than the estL mate we have assumed. But as figures speak facts in a voice that cannot be mis. understood, wc will let the table tell its own etory, Table, showing the products and profits of one acre in the silk culture, as proven by the cultivators, NAMES. LBS. OF 8XLK. PROFITS. 1. Count Dandolo, 198 8 792,00 2. G. B. Smith, 180 720,00 S. Mr. Bradley, 333 1332,00 4. De Hominiquo, 242 068,00 5. F P. Roberts, 180 720,00 6. Mr. Genet, 666 2664,00 7. Mr Lambuschina, 1296 5184,00 8. Baitiff Rons, 137 548,00 9. Mr. Pufis, 155 620,00 10. Mr. Fitch, 155 620,00 _ Total, 3542 $14,168,00 Average, 354 1.5 $l,4l6,Oo Those facts and documents show that the aWk business is worthy the attention of not only the citizens ofitentucky, but of the United States, and our next duty is to prove the necessity and importance of voluntary association successfully to introduce it. The first advantage of such combination is its favorable influence upon the business itself. The silkbusiness is yet in itsinfancy in our country, and almost in embryo in our State; much knowledge, therefore, and many statistical facts must be obtained, be. fore we shall be able successfully to com pote with other nations, and claim our share of the rich rewards of honest industry in this occupation. This knowledge, and these facts, can be gained, with us, only by experiments, and these experiments can be made, and their results communicated in no better way than under the supervision of a State Silk Society, Without unity of object and concert of action in its friends, introduction or improvement of any business, in any country, must be slow and laborious: but with them, especially in our country, every obstacle to the successful introduction or improvement of that business will be speedily removed. The second advantage of voluntary com. bination is that enjoyed by its members "Two are better than one, (said the wise man), because they have a good reward for their labor; for if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow." This is no where truer than its application to associations of the kind for which we plead?for if by frequently meeting and comparing notes, each member makes the knowledge o the others his own, and the experience of all becomes the experience of each; surely "ihey have a good reward for their laborand if they do not help each other up, they at least remove the stumbling stones out of the way, atttr tnus prevent each other from falling. And besidas, "in a multitude of counsellors tn?re wisdom." and the frequent conference of friends increascth understanding. The third and last advantage of such association, which we shall at present notice, is the benefits flowing to the community from it: by directing their attention to a business which will save the nation thirty millions of dollars annually; furnish the poor apd needy with profitable employment, and give to the industrious an easy competence, without an overgrown landed estate. This brief display of the advantages of the silk culiure, and the necessity and impo tance of a State Silk Society, will, it is hoped, induce the citizens of every country in Kentucky to send at least one delegate to the Convention, to bo held in Lexington on Monday, the 12th day of August next. In behalf of the Committee. S. R. Jones, Chairman. Mulberry Cottage, Ky., June 17,1839. [The estimate for the cost of the trees in the above statement is much too high; even twenty five cents is more than double the nri** at which a nlantation mav be stocked. Suppose the cuttings to cost as high as five cents, and the season to be so unfavora. ble that only one hal'should grow, the cost would still be only 10 cents. In this climate five crops of silk may be made just as well as three. But the commit* tee probably err in supposing that the same trees will bear to be stripped for three crops of silk in one season. They would produce at least three abundant crops of foliage for a sea* son or two; but whether, under such treatment, the roots would continue to retain suffi* cient vigor to throw up flourishing 6talks may well bo doubted. The cost, however of plants ing a second acre in multicaulis, to a person wbo already has one, is trifiling, and the coet of the land, supposing it to be as high as $100 per acre, is small compared with the profits at the present price of silk. The reader will observe that the estimate of three hundred dol* lars per hand is considered clear profit, after deducting an interest of 10 per cent, per annum on the cost of land, trees cocoonery, reels &c. and the entire wages of the bauds employed at a dollar a day. Now after making similar deductions from the cost of cotton planting* how much clear profit is left to the hand ?? It should also be borne in mind tnat the csti* mates are based upon the supposition that sue* cessive full crops of silk may be made in one season. Experiments on a small scale seem to prove that this can be done; but these experiments, so far as they have yet been pub* lished, are too few to shew fiiJly that there may be no unforeseen difficulties in the way. The chief items of expense in Mr. Jones' estimate are trees, cocoonery and reels. But the cocoonery with all its fixtures need not cost one fourth of the amount put down, while the trees, reels &c. need not cost over one tenth. One of the great advantages of the silk culture is the smaQ amount of capital necessary to comj oeace and prosecute it. Ed. Ch. Gaz.] From the Cultivator. Analogy between Medical and Affi* cultural Education. The physician and surgeon, to qualify them for their profession of preserving life, are required to eiudy the anatomy of the human frame, the functions of every part of the system, and the nature and quality of whatever is requisite to administer to its want9, or to remove the ills which flesh is heir to. Without this knowledge he can butgaess at the cause or seat of the disease, and of course his prescriptions must be questionable and often a knowledge of these matters cannot be acquired by bare pi actice. It must be obtained|from the teaching of ages?in schools of medical science?in the dissecting room. Hence the laws of every civilized people require in the pupil this preliminaryi study before he is permit, ted to practice the art? professionally. And no intelligent man, who justly appreciates the necessity of the science to perfect the art, likes to trust his health and his life in the hands of a pretender, who knows noth. in? of the ereat principles of the business which he professes to practice. So with husbandry. It embraces prim ciples of science, upon which good modes of practice must necessarily bo based: and , without a knowledge of these principles, the labors of the farmer, like the prescriptions of the quack, must be either guess work or confi ted to the routine in which he has been instructed. His soil and his animals are liable to sterility which ho is ill qualified to cure. Unless he knows something of the compositions of the one, the anatomy of the other, as branches of natural science, he is not likely to discover the true cause of an evil, nor to apply to it the right tremedy.? We will give a single illustration of farm crops. It is now universally admitted, that the alternation of crops is highly conducive to good husdandry. but why is it so ? Science, which expounds the laws of the Creator, in regard to inanimate matter, not only furnishes a satisfactory answer to the question, but suggest the classes of farm crops, and the order of succession, that ought to alternate and follow each other. Again*? gypsum, lime, mad and ashes, are beneficially applied to some soils, to some crops; and in some seasons, while they are not beneficial upon other soils, to other crops, and in other seasons. Science can only explain these seeming contradictions. In schools of scientific and practical agriculture, in which a series of experiments should be continually going on, these problems would ere long be solved ; rules of practice would be laid down; the results, and the natural causes of these results, would be explaingd nod the community, and every memoer thereof, wno mia a iHtem sparrow improvement, or the ambition to improve his condition, would seek for practice, and profit, from the discovery. In this, agriculture differs from most other professions, the benefits of improvements may be monopolized by an individual, or a small number; improvements in husbandry are accessible to all, who are not too conceited to learn, or ' too indolent to practice, from the examples of improvement which are every day making around them. The results of the analogy which we have drawn, between medical and agricultural knowledge is this,?that science is equally beneficial to both; that wnne the I one is destined to preserve and prolong life, the other is charged with nourishing it, and of multiplying its comforts and enjoyments; and that both are consequently, entitled to the protecting care of an enlightened com. munity. From the Cheshire Farmor, Making Manure* Mr. Cooke;?In looking over your Do. cember number of the Cheshire Farmer, an article headed, the "Soil a decomposer," led me to reflection, which induced me to give you some of my own experience; and if you see fit you may give it to the public in any shape you please. With regard to making manure, I think there is a wonderful negligence among our farmers. This is the all important article, and if I can give the least impulse towards arousing the attention of farmers more gen. erally to it, m> object will be attained. I have attached to my hog house, yards, say 25 feet square, with a door to each, that the hogs may pass in and out as they will. In commencing, after cleaning out the last year's manure, I throw plentifully of straw at the bottom and cover it over deep with ?:i T la. am ImM. uflian SUII, 1 lliCU 101 Ull tliW llugvp nuvu w? _ ces the chemical operation of making ma* nure. I calculate to add as much as one load of soil, and of horse or yard manure or corn cobs, once a week through the season, or any vegetable substance is good for this purpose. I will here remark that I never made mnnure of this kind too weak; it is stronger, and will show its effect more than long yard manure; I believe almost any quantity might be mado in this way. I am almost confident that hogs supplied in this way might make manure which would be of more value than the hogs would sell for when well fattened. The hogs are more in* dustrious than I am, and will work out a great profit if kept in employ in this way. 1 cannot tell how much manure they might be made to make in a season, but I think 25 cart loads to a hog would be a low estimate. , Now if I am right in my estimation a farmer may make more manure in the summer than in winter, whereas by the old way ho does not make half as raucb. The mat ter in the hog yard will decompose mucfc 1 faster in warm weather than in cold, and ii is necessary to add soil, &c?, the faster; and to assist the hogs in dry weather, I turr s spout from the pump and saturate the whole bed with water, which is of great service io warm dry weather. Shelled com occasionally throwu in with the sod will encourage the hogs and prevent their digging too much in one place. Now if these are realities, it is in the power of almost every farmer to add hundreds of loads of manure to his farm, and 1, have not the least doubt but a mine of wealth is thus within his reach. If farmers would attend to this matter, what an impulse would , it give to the agriculture of this section? We should hear no more of the importation of foreign grain, to the shame and disgrace of our country. Dairy Stock. From the Second Report of the Agricultore of Massachusetts. The fanners are unanimous in their preference of (he common native stock of the country, in which the Devon blood predom. inates, to any foreign stock with which they are acquainted. They are io general as decided in their preference of small, over larged.sized cows. They are not, however raisers ofs'ock; and buy their cows wherever they can find^them, according to their best judgment. The remarkable produce, jf so it be considered, is to be attributed to extraordinary good management and keeping , and on this account, deserves the mere attention, as showing what may be done. The dairy stock in England which seems to have the preference over all others, is the ' Ayrshire. The origin of this stock is not well ascertained ; but thuogb it has some of the qualities of the improved Durham, it is a race distinct from that. Great pains have been taken and great expenses incurred in ' order to introduce this fine Ayrshire race of cows into our state by the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, and by an intelligent and public.spirited friend to agricultural inprovement in Watertown. I regret that! am not able to obtain such returns as would enable me to speak confidently of the merits or defects of this stock, so far as these cases go; but I am safe in saying, that some slight disappointment has been experienced. It is probable, from the celebrity which they had obtained abroad, too much was expected from them here. Extravagant statements have been made respecting their produce in Scotland. One of the advocates for this stock, and a man upon whose authority great reliance is placed, has undertaken to calculate precisely the number of quarts of milk given, and the number of pounds of cheese made, from what is stated to be money the average produce of an Ayrshi*^ cow. This is certainly rather a loose way ui iracuiljg lira?reaum?mnuu I'luiual cannot be placed upon it. This, another distinguished Scotch farmer and dairyman admits ; and says that M those statements are far too high and not well founded." He refers to a farmer, on whose exactness he entirely relies, whom he pronounces ' a man of superior intelligence and accuracy, and who has devoted himself to dairy husbandry, and, farther, whoso stock were particularly select, and " tvho had every inducement to keep them in the highest condition ' requisite for giving tho largast product in milk." The farmer referred to, statesthat at the best of the season the average milk from each cow is 0 Scots pinto (4} gallons) and in a year, 1300 Scots pints or 650 gallons. A Scots pint is two quarts. Now, allowing these cows to be in milk 820 days, the average yield of a cow would be 81-8 of a quart per day. But if we understand this to be wine measure, which is the usual standard of measurement in England, and campare it with our customary admeasure, mem of milk in Massachusetts, which is always beer measure, we must deduct one fifth; and then the average product of an Ayrshire cow, compared with ours, is 6 1-2 qts. per day for 320 days. Such a yield is often surpassed by cows of our native stock. I have before me the case of a cow of native stock among us, who, in 208 days, yieL dod 2923 beer qts. of milk ; and of another,' that produced 3975 beer qts. of milk in ten months. I can produce, within my own knowledge, a list of nearly fifty cows of native stock, almost as productive as these. I do not mean to undervalue the imported stock. Far from it. I deem the introduction of tho Ayrshire stock and the improved Durham shorLhorn, a great benefaction to the country. Their tendency to fatten, their early maturity, their beautiful proportions, highly commend them to our good will and our interest. As yet, we have not had, by any means, a sufficiently fair trial of their dairy properties so as to determine fully, either for or against them; and it has been found here, in repeated instances, as it has proved abroad, that a cow, from a cross of m imnrnved Durham with the Devon, has given a valuable animal for the dairy. But among tho great advantages which is to result from the introduction of this improved and beautiful stock, is this: to give our farmers a knowledge of what can be done by skill, intelligence, care, selection, and perseverance in the art of breeding animals for any purpose; in obviating defects of form, constitution, and habit; and in perpetuating and transmitting excellent and dcsii rable properties. In the Ayshire stock, and in the improved short-horns, the roost i shrewd and persevering efforts have been . exerted, and the highest practical skill and ' philosophy have been taxed to carry this > race to as great a degree of perfection at any i thing of the kind can be; and the success t has been decisive and wonderful. Excep; ting in one instance, to which I shall hers* 1 after refer at large, perhaps there canqtf fcc ?