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* CHERA WOAZETTE - " * , i and PEE DEE FARMER. VOLUME IV. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1839. NUMBER XXXV;. ? ^ - A ? i* M _ ? - * - - ? _ -* - -r j i- .x ~?a AMMMMJF* EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS: If paid within three months, $3 00 It paid utflhin three months after the close o?he year, 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the cioso of the year, ...... 4 00 If not paid within that time, ... 5 00 A company often persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at $25 provided the names be forwarded together, and. accompanied by the money. No paper to be discontinued but at the option oftho editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted fbr one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, eaoh subsequent insertion Persons sending in advertisements are request, eu to specify the number of times they are to be iuse<-ted; otherwise they will be continued till Ordered out, and charged accordingly. OTThe Postage must be paid on all commu* nieatious. INDUCEMENTS FOR CnteVing on Rural Purs wit*. Greenfield, Mass., April 2, 1839. Mr. Editor?In speaking of the induce* moots that present themselves to young men* for embarking in agriculture, we can Dot forbear saying a feiv words with regard to the pecuniary profits that are held out. We do this, not to feed that love of money making and money getting, in which most ofourcilicen3 seem all absorbed, tyld which we are almost ready to pronounce bur coun* ( try's greatest curse, but ruther to obviate , an objection that is often urged, that but a Very scanty and uninviting livelinood is to be obtained from agricultural pursuits.? 1 And on this point, let not the profits result- , iag from the present system of farming be, j by any means, taken as criterion. The ig. , no ranee of our farmers, and their prejudices , against improvement, preclude them from reaping more than a tolerable subsistence, , and we think we do not exaggerate when we say, that our present agricultural pro* : ducts might be more than trebled, by a more enlightened and liberal system of cul. , m.q Ducifluo llinea rii*A^nn,j Hrilt nlnrara UK" Wvoivjvb) niugv |<IVUVVW > lit umu^d | find a marker. They consist of the neces. , caries of life, and so much greater, at the j present moment, is our consumption than OUT production, (bat we ate obliged to go ; abroad to find werewithal to feed our clii- ( zens. In this, as in every other pursuit, the j profits must be in proportion to the kkil), in* j dustry and intelligence of those engaged in , H. The gains of the farmer cannot be | rapidly acquired from the nature of his pro* ( fession; they are generally not inordinate, , as more capital required for extensive agri- | cultural operations than most men can com* j man 1: but they are sure, and are amply , competent for tbe wants of life, and ail the , luxuries and gratification*, that mind or < body need demand. They are uninfluenced t by tbe changes, that are engendered by the ( speculations of business men, and politicians, j and, when restricted at all, are so by the j ignorance or blunders of those dependent upon them. But we wish to view the subject from higher grounds than those of pecuniary in. tereset. We find one of the greatest charms of an agricultural life is its perfect mdepen. dence. The farmer's prospects stand unaffected by the many fluctuating relations of society, and dependent, in a great measure, upon bis single energy as directed to the the operati os of nature. His hopes and fears are not gauged by every breeze that blwws in the mart, and the political arena. Ho feels, or ought to feel, that his pursuit is tbe corner stone of all others. He creates what tbe manufacturer works, the merchant barters, and the ship mas er conveys to the different quarters of the globe, tie draws from the bosom of the earth the very food of commerce and manufactures. And hence the dignity of agriculture. Its powers are creative, while most other professions are i merely constructive. It elicits ten thousand products, that otherwise might n^ver have existed, and which are remodelled in the hands of the mechanic, and converted Into cash by the merchant. And this great independence of other pursuits cannot, we think, but create a corresponding independence of character in those engaged in agriculture. It must engender a freedom of thought and action, so desirable for mental deveiopement and which is so often crushed in other callings, by their subserviency to each other. We particularly admire the character and influence of rural pursuits. Very many, we know, view the farmer through the medium of the plough, the harrow and the spade, and make the most drudging details of his pursuit a criterion by which to measure his prolession. ror this, u must be allowed, there is in many instances too much cause* But we are urging the choice of an agricul. tural life on different grounds. It is the character of the men engaged in it, and not the profession that gives a dignity and weight to it. * The most noble pursuit may be degraded by the ignorance and baseness of its votaries, and the mo9t humble may be elevated and dignified by education and intelligence. The culture of the soil is a Bcience, and one of the noblest of all scien. ces. Study and discipline are made its ground work, and the structure is raised on the mo6t liberal principles, united with taste and refinement. Natural science in all its departments is made subservient to it. Chemistry, mineralogy, botany, vegetable and animal physiology, mechanics, &c. &c. are constantly in action in all its operations, and their practical application developes every energy of mind or body. New won* ders are ever being disclosed, and the bar. mony of nature brought to view, and thai excitement and interest, so necessary in its pursuits, ia constant, high toned, and heal. | thy. i We have already spoke of the unadul terated pleasure to be derived front rural pursuits, and we appeal to those who have had the advantages of experience, to cor* rect us if we have advanced any thing beyond the truth in urging the choice of an agricultural life. We offer these imperfect considerations at this time for various rea* sons, and among others because we see a due sense of the importance of agriculture is beginingto be . felt by the public, and a strong desire manifested to elevate its char, acter, we should regret that this desire ,J Tlio? ia a want 8IIOUIU UC uiaap|w>uieu> ? nviw w - ??? of pioneers in the cause; of those who may disseminate th< discoveries of science and the observations of others in the culture of the soil, and impress their utility on our whole farming population* H. V > i From the Monthly Genesee Farmer. Farming:* One of the missionaries of the South Sea Islands, in speaking of the tardy results for some years of the efforts at civilization and chns'ianization of the natives, stated that the gn at difficulty lay in convincing the inhabitants of those islands that they had toants. When this was done, the way to improvement wa9 open. We think it has been a good deal so with the farmer. The great difficulty in the improvement of agrL cul ure has arisen from the fact, that the great majority of farmers imagine that they had nothing to learn. They had no wanti. Their system, in their estimation* was per* feet, and there w <s of course no room for improvement. With many, it is still the same; but there are thousands* and tbe number is daily increasing, who feel they have wants, and have set about supplying them in the best manner they are able.? The spirit of inquiry is clearly abroad; farmers no longer deem the method of their fathers, or tbe system of their own, perfec'ion, and they are anxious to adopt the best modes,-?those approved alike by science and sound sense, whethersacctioned jy age or a modern innovation* The breeding of cattle, sheep and swine, 8 on* of the things in n/Kir?h u?p*ria*co-|ro? iemonstrated the possibility of making great mprovement. FormakiugJw?f, ? yinlrl mg mitfc ana barter, it is proved that some mimals are from 50 to 100 per cent better than others; and it has also been proved, that these peculiar qualities may be perpetuated, and by becoming constitutional in the beast, not liable to deteriorate or wear out. So with the sheep. Only compare the form of the Bakewell, or the wool of the merino, with the ungainly carcases and coarse wool ' ? ? J .ml tlin mrtKf hiffnlftd mils! Jg UiC V y V|?VW?f auu ??rv ? w? idmit the improvement in these respects. And if any man persists in rearing or feedii g the long, lean, ever-squealing swine of former days, in preference to the short legged, thick bodied, and easily fatted, such as the quiet Berkshire or Chinese, or some valuable crosses with these and other im. proved breeds, why he is unworthy the name of farmer, that is all. The rotation of cropd is another thing, which has given a vast impulse to modern husbandry, and may be regarded as one of the greatest improvements which the wants of the community have yet suggested. The former method was to cultivate a piece of ground till it was worn out, and then leave it to recruit its energies as it best could. A meadow was mowed annually, and the crop, unless in uncommon cases, soon became of little value. Alternating, ploughing and mowing lands was not thought of; but experience shows that this system, when connecting with pasturage, is the only one that can improve and enrich, instead of impoverisbing and ruining a soil* Feeding in licit Cows. Natural grass is the first and best of all food for cows; and where this can be ob. tained in sufficient quantities, nothing fur. ther con be desired. Sweet and nuiricious grass gives a richness and flavor to milk, nttainnhlA fmm nn n hftr Kniirr.e : and which milk produced from grains, distiller's wash or roots, can nover equal. Of grasses, lucerne is considered the best, and clovers next; and as lucerne cannot with propriety be considered one of our cultivated grasses, perhaps we have nothing in this country that excels white clover for imparting a peculiar richness and even fragrance to milk- The grasses ere best for the cow when fed green; but the best method of feeding the grass to the animal has been matter of some dispute. The common method of turntng the cow into the field at once occasions the least trouble, perhaps, but it is also the most wasteful ; and where economy is to be consulted, some other method of feeding may be found preferable. Cur wen found by experience that three acres of good grass, cul and fed to the cows, supplied 30 milch cows with 23 lbs. each during 200 days. Their other food was, hay of which they consumed little, and their health was excellent, and their milk superior. Mr. Curwer observes, "that to have supplied a similai number of cows with alike quantity for the same period, would, in the usual way ol management, have required 75 acres ol land for its production. And to have grazed such a number of cows at liberty that length of time must, it is obvious, hav* , taken a very considerable number 01 , acres." i If such is the saving that may be made , by substituting labor for land in feeding cows, we think the subject well worthy the ; attention of dairy men and milk men espei daily in the vicinity of our cities. If by employing the labor of one man through the summer months in carrying the grass to the cows instead of allowing them to gather or ! trample it down for themselves, twenty i cows could be kept on land that now supports only ten, we think there can be no question as to the profit. Only the best aod sweetest grasses can be used for carrying; but where meadows of this kind exist, and by proper attention to draining, manuring, and seeding, all may be made such: the quantity of grass that may betaken from ' them by successive cuttings is great. Be. cause our medows, the grass standing till nearly ripe before mowing, does not spring up at once, it by no means follows that when cut green, while the circulation is ac. tive and the roots vigorous that such Would ' not be the case. Indeed, the rapidity with which the grasses spring up in our rich pastures after being fed down by cattle, is suf. ficient proof of what nature is able to ac. ? ~''-L .AtMlta ..a nn? nkaAlra/t CORipiHIi WIICIJ llIC DUUIM hiw uv? vm?vb?u| but aidtd, by the skill of the husbandman. Genesee (N. Y.) Farmer. The AfricnltiMl Interest. We are happy, says the "Genesee (N , Y.) Farmer/' in giving the following extract from a letter to us. from Mr. Triplet!, of Kentucky, on the important subject to , legislative aid to Agriculture. We have the more pleasure in doing this as the sen~ timents are just, and forcibly expressed, and < agree with the opinions so often expressed j by us in the Farmer, and which we are confident will ultimately prevail. It is but , a few days since an honorable Senator, in j his place at Albany,declared, that the project j of aiding agriculture by legislative enact* j ments was "titt most arrant quackery V If , quackery in this case, why is not aid from j the same source quackery in other cases? , It was this legislative quackery that incor* , porated our colleges and endowed them; , that surrounded the profession of the law , with exclusive privileges and numberless , ways of acquiring wealth and power, that , are forbidden to the people; nnd by so doing ( placed that man in a situation to sneer at j and injure those who aided his rise. When , what are termed the profession ask for aid, i >*.? ? vf the treasury are thrown open j t when those who cosir s ilinni ?ti rtrrrTm" use of a few thousand dol- j lars of their own money, they are repulsed . with taums and sneers. The evidence is , daily becoming more clear, that farmers j must see to their own legislation, or it will | be left undone. But to our correspon* dentI "Considering the vast importance to our I country of the Agricultural interesb?it l}e- ^ ing the very basis of aft othar??without ilw < prosperity of which atl others dwindle; it is t strange that it is so overlooked and I neglected in the legislation of our 1 country. Manufactures, commerce, and navigation, are all found to be bene- i benefitted by a little legislative aid; but ag* riculture is supposed not to need it. I am I - t. + against too much legislation. 11 is one 01 our errors, and ever will be in a republic.-* But while their is too much on other sub* i jects, there is too little on agriculture. 1 will illustrate the evil felt in some instances, i and show how legislation might remedy it. We see accounts m the journals of the day ofimproved farming implements and labor saving machines, dzc. A farmer purchases, say, a reaping machine?it does not answer. He curses the impostor, and forswears all humbugs. He is told he did not get the right article. But how is he to know the right one 1 Certificates have little value ; we believe in none of them. In the course of time, perhaps a neighbor gets the right implement, and when he sees its operation he will buy one. I have had myself a knowledge for several years of various im. provements, which I have been anxious to adopt, but have waited to see them intro. duced and improved by others, not wish, ing to be humbugged myself. How rapid, ly would our prosperity advance if the march of those improvements could be expedited, and how much could that be done if each State would have a modelfarm, where all reported improvements could be fully tested, and reported on by authority that could be confided in and where the operation of the thing itself could be seen. There, too, manufactories of the most improved articles could be established, and the implements and machines furnished at the most reason* able rates. Pure seeds, plants, &c., could also be had at such a farm ; and what would be the expense ? $6000 per annum would 1 O i f\n nr\n ? - l t i 1.. ?..f Borrow ?iuu,uuu, wnicn would ampiy a?ifice for tho establishment, including u large farm, which would bo annually increasing in value, and the income from which might i be made, by good management} much, if i not all of the interest on the cost; for the implements, seeds, &c., would all be con; sidered or proved, and the demand for them i would be almost unlimited. There, too, could be demonstrated the best methods of agriculture in every branch. Much specu. . lation would be put to rest. Any improve* i ment, when shown to be such, would be ? quickly adopted, and agriculture advanced > with rapid strides. I do not pretend to say f there may not be more advisable modes of f advancing the agricultural interest; but 1 5 am well convinced that euch a plan would1 ? render it a great service. The best stocks > of domestic animals cei^d be concentred on wese iarma; au grams, seeds, implements, machinery, &c. &c., and an agricultural school might be attached to it. Such plans, or similar, ones, have been repeatedly suggested ; but it seems, that as the public mind has not been sufficient, ly enlightened to be ripe for it. I think, iowever, that every agricultural journal ought to urge it, until the subject is taken ap, and somo such plan adopted." Planting Too Viudk Land, The following is extracted from that a. musing publication, The Clockmaker: u The bone of this country, Squire, and hdeed, of America is bavin* too much land ; tlpy run over more ground than tliey can $5tand crop the land 40 severely that (hay run It out* A Very large portion of land in America has been run out by re. peated gram crops: and when you add that to land laterally too poor to bear grain, or too broken for cultivation, you will find this greit country in a fair way to be ruin, ed. Tie State of Vermont has nothing like the ixports it used to have: and a plaguy sigh of young folks come down to Bos* ton to lire out as helps. The two Caro* olinas aod Virginia are covered with places that hare been given up as ruined, and many ether States. We hav'nt the surplus of wheat and grain we used to have in the United States, and it never will be so plenty again. That's the reason you hear of folks cleans* land, raakin* a farm and sellin' off again, and goin* further into the bush. They'/e exhausted it, and find it easier to clear ae?v lands than restore the old. A groat ceal of Nova Scotia is run out; and if a wam't for the lime, raarsh-mud, sea weed, salt sand and what not, they've go; here in such quantities, there'd be no cure for it. It takes good farming to keep an upland location in order 1 tell you, and make it eusain itself. It takes more to fetch a farm Do that's had the gizzard taken out of it than it's worth. It actually frightens me wheal think your agriculture in Britain is progress in' and the land better tilled every Jay, while thousands upon thousands of teres with us are urned into barrens. No traveller as I've seed has noticed this, and }ur folks are not aware themselves of the extent of the evil. Squire, you and I .vun't live to see it; but if this awful robbin' }f posterity goes on for another century, as t has progressed for the last hundred years, we'll be a nation of paupers. Very little land America, even of the best, will carry more ban one crop of wheat arter its cleared msrv u wants manure ; wueu uo cieorexrscr ast, where'a the manure to come from it puzzles me! (and 1 wont turn my back on my man in the farmin' line) the Lord snows, for I don't; but if there's anything [hat scares me it is this. * * * Yes, too much luud is the ruin of us on [his side o' the water. Afore I went to Eng. land I to used think that the unequal division af property there, and the system of lanlord SJv?.au'"v?M a curse to the country; and that there was more dignity and freedom to the individual, and more benefit to the nation for every man to own the land ho cul. vated as with us. But I've changed my mind ; 1 see its the cause of the high state of cultivation in England, and the prosper, ity of its agriculture. If the great men had the lands in their own hands there, every now and then an improvident ono would skin the soil and run it outj bein let to oth. era he can't do it himself, and he take pla. guy good care by his lease his tenant shan't do it neither. Well, then there he is, wiih his capital to make gr.jat improvements, substantial repairs, and so on, and things are pushed up to perfection." Fruit Trees* The new method of raising fruit trees by planting the scious, is a great desideratum in the art of obtaining good fruit. It has many advantages over grafting, because it is more expeditious, and requires no stock or tree. They may be planted where they are required to stand, and the labor for one day will be sufficient to plant out enough for a large orchard, after the scions are obtained. The method of preparing the plant is as follows : Tuke the bCion as for grafting, and ot any time after the first of February, and until the buds begin to grow considerably, and dip each end of the shoot in melted pitch, wax, or tallow, and bury it in the ground, the buds uppermost, whilst the body lies in a horizontal position, and at the dep h of two or three inches. We are informed that trees obtained in this way will bear in three or four years from the time of planting. We have no doubt of the practicability of this method of obtaining fruit. A gentleman in this vicinity tho last season planted twenty acres of different kinds of pears, which np. pear to flourish. The composition he used was melted shoemaker's wax. Cultivator. Whether the method of propagating fruil trpaa ahnva nr<red be an imDrovement 01 -.-WW ??* - ?o-- -- ? ? r not may admit of snme doubt, but of the advantage of sealing the cut end of scions ntended either for planting or grafting, we havo no doubt whatever. Every one whe has observed the difference in the season ing of timber from which the bark has beor removed, and that on which it is allowed tc remain, is sensible that very little, if anj moisture escapes from wood through th< | pores of the bark, while it readily passes of through the minute vessels of the wood. I cannot have escaped the notice of most o I readers that timber with the bark on be gina to shrink first at the end which is cu ! cfU^and that through this wounded pai ! the moisture nf other parts cf the tre gradually escapes. It will hence be evident, that if the wounded ends be carefully scaled so as to prevent the escape of mois* turef the native and vital sap of the plant wilt be retained much longer than it could otherwise have been; and consequently the graft or cutting has a much more extended opportunity to find nourshment and subsistence in us new residence than could be the case if the sap have full opportunity to evaporate. But the preservation of tnis internal and vivifying moisture is not the only advantage of sealing the wounded ends of cuttings. It is we are confident, a fact, that ttie admis8ion of water into the circulation of trees without passing through the assimilating process of permeating the rind of the pi nt is certain death to all the*parts of the shoot which it touches. This belief is founded on strict observation and careful experiment. In many instances buds have been inserted in young trees during a rain, and in every case, so fur as we recollect, in which a drop < . i . . .t j* _ or waier insinuated ltseit imo me incision, the bud failed to grow. Grafts inserted in wet weather have commonly been far from exhibiting a pleasing success. And on taking up a growing cutting from the ground it will be generally found that the lower extremity exhibits a portion of dead wood. These facts induce the opinion) that by sealing the ends of cuttings the natural moisture and life are not only preserved from evaporation, but injurious and deadly influences are prevented from access to tbe heart and life of the shoot. If the above remarks and facts are cor. rect, the sealing of the wounded ends of all grafts, cuttings, and even brandies of pruned trees, is entirely philosophical, and highly conducive to safety in their transportation and planting. New Orleans Observer. From the Brunswick Advocate. Silk Culture. Mr. Editor The following particulars iu relation to the culture of silk iu Georgia, will no doubt b* interesting to such of your readers as arc engaged in the business of silk growing in this State. The silk of Georgia is allowed to equal in quality and beauty to any silk produced in other climes, winch assertion I can establish from many works on silk culture in the United States, and particularly in Georgia. In 1732, the j culture of silk .became an object of attention in this part of tho State?the lands were granted to settlers, on condition that uiey wouiu piaiii berry trees for every ten acres whon cleared ; and ten years were allowed to grow the trees. Trees, seeds, and eggs, were sent over by the trustees. An Episcopal clergyman, a native of Piedmont, was sent over to ins'ruct the people on the raismg of worms, and winding the silk. Every exertion was made to stimulate the people to the culture of silk, even the public se^l of tho3e times has the representation of silk worms in their various stages, and the motto, Non Sibi Sed Aliis. In 1734, eight pounds of silk was exported from Georgia, and made into rich brocade, and presented to the Queen?the cost of the manufacturing and dying the piece of goods wus twenty pounds. From this time until 1753, large parcels of silk was annually exported To Europe. From 1750 to 1754 the silk exported amounted to 8,? 880 dollars. In 1759,1000 pounds of raw silk was receivsJatthe filature in Savannah. in i/oo tnis ouiicting was destroyed By nre with a quantity of silk, and 7040 pounds of cocoons, but another was erected. 1q the year 1759, the colony exported upwards of 10,090 pounds of silk, which sold ,rom two to throe shillings higher per pound than that of any other country, and the commis. sioners on trade and plantations, consisting of about 40 eminent silk throwsters & weavers, declared on examination that the silk of Georgia is in its texture truly good, the color beautiful, the thread even and as clear as the best Piedmont, and will be worked wi'h les9 waste than China Silk, and Sir Thomas Loiniee, an eminent silk ntanu. focturcr, pronounced the silk from Georgia equal in strength and beauty to the best 1talian silk. According to the official statement of William Brown, Comptroller of Customs at Savannah, 8,829 pounds of silk was exported from that city between th<* years 1755 and 1772 inclusive. In 1769 ; an act was passed in Parliament, granting a bounty of 20 pounds on every 100 pounds value of raw silk raised for the next 7 years, j The last parcel bought in Savannah fores. ITOft u/hi/?h ?r?M ? 1 9 tn |JUiim<UII IIU< 411 4 I VWf ninvii uv>u uk < v IV 25 shillings per pound. The silk raising business was entirely broken up by the re. volution, and after the war, the more ready way of making money, by the culture of indigo, rice, and co:ton, ana cane, superseded it entirely, and by many persons it is deemed a new thing, and we venture to say, that there are many native Georgians in manhood's prime that know it not, or who 1 have never heard of silk having been cultiva1 ted in their native State. Some aged per* sons there are, however, who can still give ) some instructions on the winding of silk, and ' a few white mulberry trees that are now } flourishing in the country, bear record that } Georgia has been a silk growing State. f E. H. P. 3 imm i f From the New England Fanner, t Fond mad* f The mud from ponds, when they ait cleaned out, has always been an object o< it attention to farmers, so far ae regards in t collection; but it must be presumed that ita o, different properties, and consequently thj [ most judicious mouos o? us application 10 the land,(are either but little understood qt neglected ; for some cart it directly on the ground and plough it in, either for turnips or for com crops; others spread it updo old leys; and many lay it out in thin heaps to dry, after which; mi*, it with Hmd or dung. Upon this it has been remarked, by an eminent agriculturist that in reason* ing with formers upon the cause or pjriotit pie by wnicb they arc guided in those d'fferent proceedings, the reply is generally "that it has been their practice to do iO-W that it has answered very well?and thai they know of no better mode of treating it.1' It may bo observed, that ponds, being usu. ally placed at the lower parts of the ftelffoi receive after every hard ruin, a part Qf the soil, as well as of the substances, wjtb which they have been manured^ Jf the ponds be large and deep, they may also acquire much decayed vegetable matter, arising from the aquatic plants with which such pools usually abound ; and if near the yards at which ca tie are commonly ivutfer* ed, they must likewise receive a portion qf their dung; such mud is, therefore, pafih, cularly applicable to light soils, both ascdn* taining nutritive matter, and adding to the consistency of the land. 1*110 molt cdm~? mon time of mudding ponds, is during Hie summer months, when it is usual to let the slime lie near the edge of the pond, until the water is drained from iu A spot if then marked, either upon a head land of the held upon widen it is to be laid, or as near it as possible; of a size to raise a corpf post of either lime or dung. If dung can be had, the best mode of preparing this manure, is to lay a foundation of about a foot or a foot and a half in nlilnna form, and nnf moire uvj/llif vi nil vw'vug f ? ?"f" than eight feet in width, upon which thfe freshest yard dung is la:d to about double that depth; then a thin layer of mud ; after which, alternate layir* of mud and <Jdl& until the heap be raised to about five of feet in height; keeping the sides and ends square, and coating the whole with ffityd at least twice at different periods. If quick lime be used, and 'here remains any moisture iu lite mud scourings it wig be sufficiently fallen for turning, in a few days ; bat if the compost be made *ith farm yard dung, it may require to romaio sig or ; eight week9 to ferment and decompose, be. i fore it is in a proper state for turning. To form thcrtt, in the first instance, with belli quick lime and manure, is injudicious : the former ought never to be brought in -tail wUU itic manures -b? advantageously incorporated with an oli compost, in which a little lime hasppoq used. It appears the better mode to Mpply it in the latter end of autum, or the early ! part of winter, aod to bush.barrow it well after it has been hardened by frost.-r-^ril, ttill Husbandry. ' T From the Philadelphia North Americ&m Letteri bj the Way* I had h' ard so much about the beauty and fertility of the inter'or of Kentucky, that I could not deny myself the pleasure of an excursion of two or three days from Louist villc to Lexington. The weather was op* prcssively hot and dry, and on that account, I did not enjoy the ride of 76 miles over one of the finest Macadamized roads in the country, so much as 1 should have'done under different circumstances ; but upon the whole, this flying visit was highly interest* ing. The first part of the way is through Jefferson County, which is quite too level to please my eyo, though the soil Is extremely rich. Finer fields of hemp arid corn it would I presume, be difficult to find In any part of the state. The forest trees, espo cialiy the tulip, the ash and the black wal. nut, are of prodigious size. Besides these varieties, the berch and the sugar maple di>a fho nrinrinal. Vhero to ennm hirirnrtl. but it does not seem just now te be very popular io Kentucky. The first town of any importance if) rough which you pass, is Shefbyville thirty miles from Louisville. It is an old town, and judging from its general appearance, ratlv r on the decline than nourishing. 22 miles more bring you to Frankfort, the present seat of government; it lies in a deep valley on the Kentucky river. On every side the hills rise abruptly to the height of a hundred and fifty, or two hundred feet, and were all once clothed with a fine growth offorest trees. On the south side these have been mostly cut down, I suppose for firewood, leaving the declivity bare and sterile; and I dare say, the rage for this kind of provetnent, will in a little time reach tha other primitive and lowering occupants of these hills. You have a full and somewhat romantic view of Frankfort just before yon enter the town. There it lies at your feet with its state-house, its penitentiury, and its two or Three small churches. It does not contain more than two or three thousand inhabitants, and there is but little room k ft in tlie valley for new streets and new hou. ses. The hotel at which we stopped, has a large bar and poor accommodations; at least they would be pronounced so in any eastern town of the smallest pretensions. What can be the policy of roofing up the legislature ofthe noble state of Kentucky in this little poorly built town, her wise men ooght to know, and if they are satisfied, why should .stringers complain. About Shelby villa and ail the way thence ) to Frankfort, 'he surface is uneven, and the f soil is comparatively poor, Midway be. i tween Frankfort and Lexington, and aboyt i thirteen miles from each, is Verw'lfa, eu 3 oM- town but having huh to gratify the