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? n?' ?mmm mtmmmmmm BY D. W. 8IM8, STATE PRINTER. COLOfBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, SEPTEMBER 11, 1MI UTT- 7 ?m '2R? : isi 'a '?"**? V"1"" ' Nil HI 111 PUBLISHED KVKHY KIUHaV MOIIMMi TERMS?Tkrtc Dollart Vtr annum, payablt ifc sdtmMi} #f JW DottTt fyblt at the tnJ *) tkafm. ?1DVBRTISlMIUtT!Hn$*rUdutlht tun mi r4141 I 1 POLITICAL. ; ^ PROSPECTUS v <>? i wkkiiv fArr.a, fn as rtsM<mi> at thk city of Washington, VNItKIl Tlir. TITLI3 or vara inAsawBaw asm wMnraaawaiian. MOTTO. The fiowert not delegated to the United State? by the i'omtitution, nor /nohihUtd by it to the States, are retrrx ed to the State reufiectlvely, or to the Pto/ilr.? .<intendment? to Conttitutlon, Article .V. The editor of The Fret Tr+le Ad tinea t end Journal of t'olilical Economy, announ ces to thtf patron* of that paper, and to tho public in general, lliat with the view ofgiv og to the doctrines of Political Economy a moro Enlarged circulation, than they can IKMubly have, by being confined to n work f^ueirely devoted to tliat science, bo lias resolve*, after the completion of the second volume, to 3?0??d lib plan, by converting it into a publication, tho contontH of which shall bo more acceptable to tho gonenil rea der. Experience ha* shown, that abstract truths however important, and however in timately connected they uioy be with tho welfare of the country, are not adapted to the genarol tatto or appruhcn<uon, and can havo an interest only for those, whose studies and pursuits in life, leadthom to an ivestigation of recondite principles. Tho consequence of thia is, that lew persons comparatively can bo induced to read what they suppo*o to be above their comprehen sion, and wlutt they know to Ik? dry nnd abstruse, and the gitsst ond, therefore, which wo had in view, in tho establishment of our journal, that of assisting to enlighten tho public mind upon mat(crw connected with the vital interests of the natioii. can not, wo arc persuaded, bo oxtonsively ac complished oy a |>erscverence in our ori- [ ginal plan. It is true, that in political econ omy, there nro many practical matters, 1 which ean bo understood by evvry intelli gent individual, but even illustrations ofj theso, to make an impression upon the inintbi of numbers, must bo dealt out with a sparing hand, and bo interspersed amongitt I a variety of subjects, which can be run over without fatiguing the attention. The motive for locating our paper at Washington, will, we trout, bo satisfactory toallthoso, and they uro not a few, who have taken an iutorest in our success. It is that we may the more effectually invest it with the character of a national publication, that we may have better access to ?tnU?ti cat documents and state papers, and that there may at least be one journal at the seat of the general government, which shall be especially devoted to tho dissemination of those liberal and constitutional views ofna tiooal policy, upon the adoption of which it is humbly conceived, the prosperity and harmony of the great American family, most essentially depend. There is, how ever, another reason, which ronrtors our location at Washington particularly ap propriate. The great contest which will there, in all probability, be carried on du ringthe ensuing winter, in relation to the tariff, will turn all eyes to that quarter, and the debates which will then take place in relation to it, will have an universal and Grmancnt interest. Although it will not within our jilan to give detailed reports of the proceedings of congress, yet it will bo within our view, to givo summary statements of the same, with tho lending speeches pro and cos; and indeed upon all great political questions, we shall five as much of the debate,, as will show the main iirguments relied ujK>n, by the different par ties. To those who havo not studied the his tory of the restrictive policy in other coun tries it may at And sight arippear, as if the proceedings of congress at its ne xt or ensu ing session, would terminate the question of the tariff, by its modification, or its more sotid establishment. Kuch an impression, however is erroneous. It is a question, which will never be permanently settled, so long as tho great body of tho people re main in ignorance of the true principles of political science. There is at all time* in overy community, a spirit of monopoly existing in some quarter or other, and which is perpetually seeking to elevate ons particular interest at the ex|>enKc of the rest. At one time it i> the agricultural, at another the commercial, and at another, tho manufacturing class which obtains this ascendancy, and endeavour* to secure ad vantages, which fan only lie rendered such by depressing the other intere*ts. To all monopolies, toall systems of partial taxa tion, this journal will be opjtoK<-<l, and it will as strenuously denounce all logisia-1 tive enactments which fthall be called for, to foster unduly interest* of agriculture, or commerce, as it will l?e in denouncing those which shall have for their object the ?indue fostering of manufactures It will in all eases advocato the interc*t* of the great mass of the people, the contu mm, believing that what I* for the interest of the inaRV, is the policy best adapted for the good of the nation. In regard to other questions of national policy whichare likely soon to occupy much of the public attention, each of them in turn, shall receive due notice. The time is not far distant, when the revenue of the t'ni ted States, accruing from the existingscsle of duties, will be more than adequate to the public expenditure*. The extinguish ment of the national debt, will he entirely aeeonMMiedwithinsfew vears; and* great portion of the people will then call for a re* duetien of theantle* upon import*, so that foreign commodities may be hurthened with no taxes but such as are necessary for the support of tho government. This just and proper requisition, will l>r oppo sed by those who enjoy an exorbitant ptotecttdfc, ami who in order to *trwn?ihen their party, witt jjdHTour to enlist oa their side, those who believe that the Ml two grsat parties, which are now about to be formed, the ooe composed of those who advocate a strict and limited construction oftho constitution, the other of those, who are in favour of a broad and leas lite rat con struction, by which powers not specifically granted, are supposed to be granted by im plication For tho Tree, temperate, and onlightenod discussion of all constitutional <|U<*tionit and measures of stato policy, the columns of thin paper shall be open, and consequently, whilst the editorial depart ment will advocate the doctrines whicn fa vour Mate rights and free trade, the oppo site party shall have a (air and liberal chanco of being beard. With this exposition of tho editor's prin ciples and views, he aubmits the following plan of hi* proposed papnr. Tn?f Basnnk or Tit is Constitution will contain, 1. A nummary of all tho foreign politi cal news, and a greater extent of intelli gent" connected with the affairs of South America, than is to he found in any other paper. , 2. A summary of all the domestic |x>liti cal occurrences of a general character, which may lie worth recording in a paper, intended for future reference.. 3. A Nummary of tho proceedings of tho1 executive, legislative, and judicial branch es of the general government, as flur as they may bo publicly known, by which persons abroad as well as at home, may be acquainted with the public transactions, which interest over)' citizen. 4. The annual messages oftho president of the United States, upon tho state ol the nation, and the nnnual ro|>ortsof the Secre tary oftho treasury, navy, and war, of tho post master general, director of tho mint, and commissioner of the general, land of- j litand of such other departments of tho government, as may bo worth preserving 0. State papers connected with tho foreign relations of tho country, treaties and con- j vent ions, and all the diplomatic correspon- j denco winch shall lie submitted hereafter I to congress The inaugural message of fcfes'dent Jackson, and the treaties signed since tin? ?J!h of Marrh. 1820, will also he inserted, so to the collection of state papers as CtiUJPlete, as if it had been commenced on that day. ?. The decisions of tho supreme court of the United States, in relation to constitu lional and public law, as well as to preat commercial interests. 7. Statistical documents relating to com merce, agriculture, manufactures internal improvements, population, tho public lands the army and navy, fcc. 8. Original ami selected articles, upon all general |>olitic?l subjects which may en gage tho attention of congrcss or tho na tion. 0. Extracts from the American snrt for eign reviews, and from the works of the soundest and must approved political econ omists upon the principles of free trade, and the effects of the restrictive system. 10. Essays, original and select, upon po lities! economy. Amongst these, that branch which relates to the restrictive sys tem, will occup) a conspicuous place, whilst those connected with banking, pa per currency, tho balance of trade, foreign oxchange, exportation of specie, &c. shall not l>e .overlooked. 11. A notice of such improvements in laltour saving in the various departments of industry, as very materially increase its Groductive powers, and thereby promote le comfort of society, whilst they evince the rapid inarch of mind, by which the pro sent age is characterised. 12. Occasional notices of the prices of public stocks, of gold and silver, and ofthe staple productions of the United States at home and abroad.^ i?. mien oilier matter, political, rigienti ic, or literary, not above detailraPuiwill five thin paper that variety of content* vhirh i* looked for in a weekly periodical lmcI render* it a valuable depository of doc imonta and information connected witli he subject* to which it will he chiefly de moted. 14. A general index of the principal con enU of earli volume. *,* AdvortiaemrntH of a general nature, indsuch as may l>o likely to he uaeful to he |Nitronft of tho paper, will, to a limited >xtent, he admitted. TKRN5. Thin paper will l>e published at the city >f Washington, every Wednesday, in yuar? o form of eight pages, ujkhi an imperial beet of emial quality with thnt upon which he Free Trade Advocate is printed, and % ill contain at least twice at much matter ih in contained in that journal comprising in ?arh year, one volume ol 416 pages. The first number will appear on the first Wednesday of December next. The ptice will bv Jive (foliar* per annum ?avahle on the first of February 1830, and hereafter annually in advance. Subscrlp ions lor less than u y??ar, at the rate oftix lollart per annum. Any bookseller, postmaster, or other re sectable fiernon in any part of the United nates, or elsewhere, who shall obtain six aihscriburs, and tieconie responsible for the >avment as above expressed, shall be enti led to retain from the amount received the aim of five dollars. This stipulation, how ?ver, Is ?mlv to continue In any place until in agent shall be appointed, and docs not pmbrace Philadelphia, New Yrtrk, Balti more, Washington, and Columbia, where the agents of the Free Trade Advocate will i?r? for this paper. Postage is to be paid In all eases, exee/it where a If Her enclonen at leatt thi amount of <ttir yrar'a tuhmcri/itlon in advance, In nottt of no ten denomination than 4vr dollar*, and without the intervention of an agent. Communications arc to be addressed to the subscriber, at Philadelphia, prior to the first of December next, and *t Washingtrt after that date. CONDY RAGUIVI^ Phltadel/i ' irt, .iutftft Wth IH50 Th Me Editor* of the St. J.ouU Beacon, *A the valley of the MiMmippl which mis SSlt Ol?ia io ^^L8rln 5 lhB PhirkU treaty ot 1319, It beginning to cnnce. ?? it ?hf wwjii III" 7*?" ?rur4o?? "Mention of e' ,The cex I?wf ?, Jkurtr? fertile j**?' b) which the valley of the Mmt^ * PP'w" <l'?m?mber?l, two of its noble!* mlS7h^inTnde?jd* ,B,erritortal extent <11 m ni?hed atiove twohunred thousand square X?.!!LiI f?wer broo5ht within the natural boundaries ot the U. States and BSTkiv^? luf * l,,c Ark an ww anil 2!i,iver? wl,h ? r?Kht of navigation to and S.i ?rw?cert,iu'ythc won ?i??? MIcrlfircc <* nntionsl interest which the annaU of nncotiquercd countries hnve Fcin.ilnh J' Wi}' ,nadc in favor of mrla^h Lhe ^,Tenl,h' kinK ?f Spain; a ?2d SJlnTt ? tCf l?cr?onal qualities i * or Ju" generous actions, iTnwJSi ?iei to '.nl bc"cv?lcncc firm the thin khio- i". n ?k C| cctsion Was niado to il ia king, and for the benefit of himself and hfc heirs, though happily in theproc,? Ui^TwbilJ? ' l\ 1lpPC(1,ly Evolved upon sawifel^f ? ?i'Ul>Uc of Mexico. Hue li a i?S^iTnn y,,nlUI10U8Xo ,Ue United States, and so little desirable to its present posse* tor,?who seems to omit no opportunitv to I grant it away,-.would he incomprehensible | illuiuiKciHiaUblf, without a knowledge of thr diplomatic correspondence which led to . CC*V?? *n(l 0 recollection of the views ( and policy of the American Secretary of] atatc, under whose auspices thc sacrifice was consummated. Thc rending of this cor respondence, and a recti lection of the po licy and views of Mr. Adams, unveils the ?f this stupendous sacrifice, and establishes the truth of thc otherwise incre dible fact, that this ccssion of thc United i States territory, was made to thc king of Spain from hostile feelings to thc Indepen dence of Mexico, through subservient y to toe Spanish king and to aid him In prcser , ving his dominion over the Mcxicaus, by! cutting them off, and keening them at a vast j distance, from thc rennbheun population of j the United States, Thc correspondence it' self proves this, and circumstantial and per suasive evidence, drawn from the Ituown character and policy of the American Secre tary, the time and placc of his negotiation,* his political associates, and their views and operations at thc same time taken in con junction with thc uselcs magnitude of the tact ificc, authorize!* thc belief and forces the conviction thnt hostility to the growing West, and thc slave-holding South, was a subsidiary and powerful motive for curtail* ' ing and abridging the territorial extent of Louisiana, and in that abridgment, forestal ling and preventing thc cxistcnce of five or six slave holding states in the South and V est quarters or thc Union?'I hese, Mess- i r?. K<(i\?>r? m?y appuurto he bold astcrtlons; j but they arc not more bold than true, nor more true than can be proved. The corrct* Kondtnce Itself, communicatcd bv.Presiilent Ionroc to Congress, and printed by Its or der, will prove in direct terms, and in mul tiplied nassages, thc whole charge ofhostll- I ity to Mexlcun independence, and numer ous facts of general notoriety, wiil furnish the persuasive evidence and violent pre-1 sumptions, which authorize the l>elief of all that is asserted tii the Sontfc and West. With rcspect to the indivi.lual who was the author of this sacrifice, no animadver sion upon him is intended or contemplated. He is no longer an object of political attack. Ho is done, and done forever, with public affairs. He belongs to the class of actors who have done acting,?who have left the stage,?and whose feelings should be res pected. Of course this essay is not against him, but against his wort:; it seeks to undo, not hU character, but a fiiece of hit vnrk, and no reference to his acts or inotiv s shall be further made than shall be ncc?. ,sary to ?hcw thnt this htece of hi* work owht to be undone/ that the present boundary line be twtn thc Uuitec States and Mexico was conceived and established hy Mw. A dash, in a spirit of hostility to Mexican indepen dence, and to thc south west quarter of the Union; thnt the permanent continuance of this line is fraught with mischief to both parties; and that thc future pence nnd har mony of both require this buut.dnry to be abandoned and another to be established by amicable agreement, which shall conform to the localities of thc country, be ad.spted to thc convenicncc of each, and give to nei ther a position and a foothold within thc na tural boundaries and upon thc banks of the great rivers ot thc other To provo and demonstrate these impor - tant positions, I shall have rewurso to copi ous and multiplied extracts from diplomat ic correspondence of our minister in Spain, which, although communicated to Con gress without the instructions which war ranted them, will still he sufficient to shew, that the idea of this ccsxion of territory ori ginated with the American negotiators- that it was find mentioned by them to the Span ish Secretary of State; and pressed upon the acceptance of the Spanish ministry, as the means of forming a dknkht between the United States and Mexico, keeping their inhabitant* apart, preventing tlx communication of republican ideas from one to the other, and thereby contributing more effectually than any ffuurnntf of p>>s sessioft could do, to preserve the Spanish dominion over the Mexiran territory. Mr (icorgc W. Krving, a gentleman of the V Kast, was at that time T'nited States mini* terin Spain, and thcv>overture* were com municated by him to the Kpanifth Secreta rv; hut that lie had instructions to warrant all the offers that he made, in sufficiently proved by the known fart that Mr. Crving waa neither rocalled nor censured for ma king unauthorised proposals, and that up on the failure of the uegociation at Madrid, it wa* transferred to ashington City, car ried on hy Mr. Adams with l)on l*oui* do Onia in peraon, and that the offer of the ni: nkrt w as not only renewed by Mr. Adam?, but to much greater extent than hy |fr Krving, and actually established and a freod to upon Mr. Adam*' propoaitiou. The eorreyponrience b? ?.weer? the negof'r ?tor at Madrid as enuMninM to 0m> dm, omm abruptly, with a totter from Mr. frrfof to Don Wuro, dated Madrid, July 2nd, 1818. The second paragraph It in these words: " The oaijr security which occur* to me aa possible to be stipulated Wider present circumstroces it Out of thirty leagues de sert, which 1 mentioned in my twtast con versations, and in feet this hind or material security ia transactions between two great nations ought, according to my apprehension, always to have the preference over the oth er kind of stipulations; for though such stl puUtions should be most religiously observ ed, even hi the extreme cases wherein, by the universal practice of nnttoos, thry are I deviated from, or altogether dispensed with, yet In the still grintcr extremity of war, they cease to be binding, of course, and can ! net be renewed but after the war, and then the inducement to renew them may have ceased; whereas, the material security of which I speak, always remains. War does not cultivate deserts, but it makes themt however these and other important considc tions belonging to the subject will be duly deliberated on by hi* majesty's government, 1 can only say, Unit if my suggestion should he adopted, I fchall be ready to put into form, fcc. io umlcrstwul what it meant by the wi.nl " iecuritij," to be found in a detrrt of thirty ,cagucs between the u-ttleinrntt of Louisiana and New Mexico, it in neccssary to icmtmbt r, ihnt at the period ot this pio |>osition, all South America and Mexico were in a state of revolution, and making ef fort* to burst the bonds which bound them to old S|Miin. In Mexico, these efforts hud commenced in 1801, and various expedi tion* irom Louisiana, under 'J\trUdo, Loiiff, Ufe. had entered the Internal Pro vince* and repeatedly hoisted the standard of independence. It wns then from the I^ower Mississippi tlmt danger to Mexico was apprehended, and the most strenuous efforts of Spanish policy was directed to nvoid it. j guarantee of Jiountion?the '?ccurtty most common and best known wnong the crowned heads of Eorotw, was the one thought of by the Spanish ministers, and for this they were willing to ccde Florida to tlu United States; but as this wns a step which no American minister' could venture upon?an universal cxeera-' tion would have overwhelmed any Secrcta-1 i y of State, or minister of the United States, | who should have guaranteed Mexico tol I'erdinand the seventh, and his successors, when she was struggling for her indepen-' lenr.c, and on the point of achieving it?a liffercnt made of action, another form of ^uarantfe, a security of n new kind had to lie adopted, by those who were willing to mure the Spanbh dominion over Mexico, iut dared not do it by on open and palpable ict. lluicc the idea of the deter.', us a sub* ititute to the ffuarai:tcc. On the 19th July, the Spanish Secretary I 111 State r?akes the following answer to Mr. living's proposal: "You arc pleased to point out In your note,as h mode of settling the question of boundaries more certain than that of any guar# tee, the establishment of a desert of thirt# league* between the frontier of Lou isiani and that of the Spanish possessions. Altlputh his Majesty has a due respect for the |ood faith and strict punctuality of the American government, vet he does not per ceive unjr ?curity preferable to the guar tntce ; nor that there wdtald be any diffi culty in connecting the one with the other j utd with a new to r ??-id disagreements on the front ic A, in stipulating the establish ment of ^-rh a desert, provided both i;<>\crnmciis could agree on the rcqul lite measu en tor preventing this interme diary dene t from being converted into a rallying jx nt for adventurers nnd banditti, where tlte; might exercise their pernicious activity in listiirbing the peace of his Maj esty's dom lion*, as well an those of the United Sti es. ? ? Hut the principle diffi culty Mill ubsistx, namely ; that although the establ thment of this desert might be considered expedient, yet we may not agree on t e exact line of division, keeping in view th right* of each pm ty to the ter ritory wesl of the Mississippi, nnd to that which ougpt to afford to his Majesty in that quarter equivalent for the two'VlorhUs which ari proposed to be ceded to the United State* In consideration of such equiv alent. If 1 rightly comprehend your ver bal con muuicatioos relative to the ei,tab lidimeit of this intermediary desert I per suade myself that the understanding is, thnt tlie 30 Imgucs Intended to be comprehend ed in it, will be fixed to the eastward of the H.iv ot San Bernard." 1*i? tl Is Mr. Krving replies, under date of the '..4th July. "Heerring to a suggestion made in my last note, as well us in our two previous, mnferriceK, respecting a desert of thirty leagues'letween the confines of Louisiana and the Spanish possessions, as a better se curity th/n a guarantee, your Rxcellentv is |?lcnsrd inform me, that though his Maj esty thiols t'-at no security is better than a guarantee, yet he has no objection thnt the one should be added to the other, and tltouch the principal difficulty remains, flint Is to say, where the desert shall be es tablished, your l'.xucllcncy invites me to put my suggestions in the shape of a formal proposal. I heg leave to remind your Kx ceVency ihnt in my note of the 9th, I have sail that this plan of a desert 's the only kiid of security which occurs to n?e. It v*s not th^n my intention, nor can it be now, to add to this any other kind of securi ty ; l?or was it my intention to offer this, Out upon the supposition that hi* Majesty's government would consent to the Colorado is the western limit of Louisiana. ' ? ? ? "My government will never consent to give any guarantee to his Majesty of any part ?f his possessions ; but I will undertake on its par*, trt stipulate, that a dtsert shall b? placed between his possessions and those ot ihe United States. ??1??The line of the Colorado appeared to be objectionable to Ills Majesty N government without a Jp'af* antee, such as it Impossible for th? U. S. to give. 1 uroposed to substitute fiir H what 1 consider as better for Spain?a bar < rier between its ponenloni and tltoM of till U. A. I now propoae, then, that the den I ert which is to form this barrier, be of 34 leagues in breadth,?that Is, s lcafiue* oi league* on the left bank of the Colorado, and extending hi length from the (north ot that river u high op toward* Ha wore* a* the 33 degree of latitude. If Spain should not consider It aaeeiaary that the deean ahould he at broad aa 30leagues, she may diminish it oo her own aide of that rim, aa utach aa she thcmselvea, and each party may e?ubli?h military poataonlta own portion of the dea crt, for the purpose of keeping off intruders or settlers of an/kind." Thla letter of Mr.Erring was the lata of the negotiation at Madrid. Mr. Adam* Secretary of State, became sieaed at this time with the de*lre to conclude the Flori da treaty himself, and in consequent, the negotiations were transferred from Madrid to Washington, and carried on directly be tween the Secretary of fffhte and the resi dent Spanish minWur, Don Louis lie Onis. After two or.Jhree preliminary notes, the t>osUloitond breadth of the desert still being the mam point, Mr. Adams on the 6th day of February, 1319, delivered his proposi tion in a formal article a* foltofth i project of an artkle d^icrib ing the I Fct/crn Uounaaryt communicated to Don Louie de Onie, bu the Secretary of State, 6th AVA IftlO _ M It Is agreed that the western boundary between the United States and the territo ries of Spain, shall be as follows >?Begin* nlng at tne month of the river Sabine, on the Gnlt' of Mexico t following the course of said river to the 33d degree of north lati tude ?the eastern bank and all the inland* in the river to belong to the United States, and the western bank to Spain ; thence due north to the northernmost part at the 32 de? grcc of latitude, and until it strike the Klo Hoxo, or RedHiver ; thence,following the course of said river to the northernmost point of the bend between longitude 101 and 103 ; by the shortest line to the southern* most point of the bend of the river Arkan sas to its source in latitude 41 north; thence following the same parallel of lati tude 41 to the sen. And it is further agreed, that no Spanish settlement shall be made on any part of th* sflB Red or Arkan sas rivers, nor on any wattrs flowing into the same, uor on any cast of the chain nf Snowy mountains between the latitudes 31 and 41 inclusivclv ; and that the navigation of said rivers belong exclusively to the U. S. forever." The first thing which strike? the imagina tion at reading the r, reposition of Mr. Ad ams, in the wonderful and utmost immea surable difference between the state ot the negociation as !t ended at Madrid and often ed at Washington?between the little which Don Pizzarro atked there, and the mueh which Mr. Adums offered hei e. Mr. Kr-i vine offered a desert of ninety miles wide | halt on one side of the Colorado, and half; on the other; he ptoposed it to be two hun-1 dred and ten miles in length, that is to say ! from the mouth of the Colorado, in latitude [ 39, to latitude 32, on the same river, giving' to the desert an area of twothousand square mile*. The Colorado is more thsn half way between the Red River and the Rio del Norte, and is still sepcrated from the wa ters of the Red River, and the valley of the Mississippi by the intermediate streams the Brattot delJJlot, the Triuity and the Sabine. With this length and breadth, Don Ptsarro was contented, but objected to the locality on the Colorado and required the de sert to be to the cast of the San Ber nard. The San Bernard is west of the Trinity, one hundred miles; it is about two hundred miles west of the Sabine, so that if Mr. Keying had agreed to place the desert where Don Plearro wished it to be, it still would have been far beyond all the waters of the Red River, eutlrcly beyond the valley ot the Mississippi, and on the ground to which Spain had some color of claim as well as ourselves. Mr. Adams offers a desert of eleven degrees of latitude in width, from 31 to 41 degrees, about [ seven hundred and eighty miles on a straight line, and upwards of 200 mile* in length on its eastern border, following the Sabine from its mouth to Its head, thence to the Red River, thence up the Red River to j the 100th degree of longitude, thence north 1 to the Arkansas, thence up the Arkansas to its source in the Rocky Mountains; in its Katest breadth from the mouth of the Rio Norte to the Sabine, nine hundred miles; its medium breadth about 500 miles, and presenting sn area of nbout two hundred thousand square miles, the greatest part of it taken out of the valley of the Mississippi, upon the waters of the Red River and Ar kansas, not only within the acknowledged limits but within the natural l>oundaries of the United States. Such an offer was too tempting to be fur ther discussed, or even subjected to the ca sunlities of delay. The delay of a few days might hasard It; so Don Onls, who was then sick in bed, and unable to attend to anv busi ness himself, employed the Baron Hi/de de Sfuevilte, the French Ambassador at Wash ington, to closc the negotiations fur him. He did so, but not without obtaining from the ready compliance of Mr. Adams, two alterations to the further prejudice of the United States; first, that the Spaniards should be allowed the privilege of navigat ing the Red River and the Arkansas to their mouths in the Mississippi, and the Missis sippi and Sabine to their month* in the Sea, secondly, that the desert should extend to ! the head of the Arkansas in latitude 42 in ] stead of 41? making it one degree, or near ly seventy miles lonfti-r than Mr. Adams ! had at ftrat proposed. Thus modified, the I article was agreed to, all the terms ot the > treaty were immediately adjusted, and the i t>*eaty signed by Mr. Ad.tnis on the part of the United States, and by Don Onls en the part ot Spain. Upon this narrative of facts, snppoj ted by precise quotation* from authentic docu ments, I rest the argument, that the present boundary line lietween the United States and Mexico, was projected and established from hostile mottoes to Mexican indepen dence, through subserviency to Spain, and to aid her in preserving her dominion over that superb country, by interposing a vast wilderness to shot out the lights of republi canism, which might r?therwlse break intc that benighted regka , from the approxima tion rf seft!?m*-e4? of the Mississippi. All this fcttt enough, but Mother ami a darker view the transaction remains to be taken, watnr* enough to Injure Mexico, but mm* opportunity mum be takentaLkrei Weet and the fiuuth. Of thle the proof J4 not like the other, undar the hand* and ?lc~ nature* ot the parties but the time, tM ftiace, the nrgoeimtor, H|? uwrtiXe^ theM occvfi*thn at the time, and the magnitude of the rfcerr*. en far I Don Pisarro had asked for at L. Hnflotition within the valley of the I "h*1* . ^ - <*? ?*ten? of the end In thai diminution to nrevent^thegi of four or Are ilave.hoMli? sutra. was it subsidiary and powerful motive in oonducU Ing Mft A dim* to muke such an nfiranrdi ryversion. ThleUan infcrencc7iSw*ie nn Inference resulting naturally aiainr^i^ tibly from the premlsea. The time <4 this cession was the winter of 1818 *19, when the Miuouri question waa in full beet, and all '.he eastern states were clamorous for pre senting the spread of slavery beyond tho Mississippi; tiic /itaec was Washington dty? where these restrlctiooists were ||mi aitem ? l)lcd from all quarters of the union) the w foclator was John Q. Adams, their political ?nd personal friend} Itis a*?orfe/rt were tlw* snemiesof the acquisition of Louisiana, ?no if whom (Mr. Otis) then declared* that lid 1 wished it wassepeiaiud from the rest of thn in ion by a lake as impassable a* the burning me which divides Heaven from' Hell) ami mother of them (Mr. K. King) expressed m wish* that it might remain torever the tsunt and harbor of tigers; the oceu/totha >f these associates at that time wastooetab ish the latitude of 36 SO, as the line, north >1 which slavery should not bp admitted) ind the treaty having ceded nearly tho whole of Louisiana eouiA of that line to the King of Spuii)?to remain a desert?tU<t whole object or the rcstrictionists was then accomplished. Slavery was excluded front Louisiana, north of a certain line, by cons? 'irotnltc, south of ^ by n surrender of the ter ritory to a foreign power; the small, Tomprrhended in Missouri, Alkansai ;hc western half of Louisiana only< cpted. * Rut it is no part of tiic intention of laper to dwell upon the motive? ofjf&r, ims in making this ctssion. He Is now hrown from the political stage, never more :o mount upon it. What is personal to bins :nn hive no place in an essay intended td enlighten the people upon the soCreth|?to-? ry and hidden springH of the moat stupen dous national sacrifice which the history of nations records; hut in such an eteny*Intend ? td to give information, not to Inflict animad version, designed to show the ncceetlty of Lindoing what has been done?getting back what hasbeen thrown n way?it comes wlUi In the legitimutc scope of the argument to ihow that 'he act sought to be undone# wan done through hostility to the parties whoiri it most conccms, and that it wrt Intended lo he what it actually is, a measure essentia!" ly injurious to both of them. Thuafarl g0 nnd no farther. The evil intention ie now ?hewn;theevil conatguenceo will be next at-1 tended to; but as this essay he* run nut tod. sufficient length for one pap> r, I shall re-? serve, for the next number, the facto fctid reasons which will ?hew that the pttfcepti boundary' line between the United States and Mexico, it injurious to both Of them) that its continuance will be fraught with disastrous consequences to them both; that it ought to be abandoned at oner, and a sew line established, to be agreed upon In the spirit of friendship and good neighborhood aduptcd to the localities of the country, and to the convenience of the two repnblK*. 1V AMERICAN US. St. l?oui?, July 33, |h29. . misckllankoCis. t Law of real fro/i my. ?Tho first report o llio British commissioner!! on the lew of real property has beon distributed. On ih? subject of inheritance, the law of pri mogeniture, or succession of the eldest son, is recommended to be preserved, in prefc rcnce to oqual partihility, which in a lew year*, say tho commissioners, would break down tlio aristocracy, and by endless sub tlivision would be ultimately injurious to agriculture. They suggest tho abolition of the rult that inheritance thall not utcenat and recommend that the ascending line thall come next alter tho Ihifcal descending line; I. e. that the ancestor should oome in wherever the descendants of such ancestor would bo entitled by the present rule*, tho father before brothers and sisters, the grand father before uncles and aunte, fee. Thoy nl?o proposo to obolluh the rule that Inheri tance thait not fiat* to k indred of that hafj' blood, and with an exception nn to kindred claiming through an ancestor of the Arst purchaser, to placo the whole blood and half blood on an equal footing. So mo'few other loss important changes In this branch ?f tho subject are suggested, and the OOtti mittee then refer to the modoa of creating, transferring and securing ostites and Wer psts, which they pronounce ?? exceedingly defective," and thoy recommend some itri portant improvements, by the substitution of direct for circuitous modes of procedure. A general register of deeds has been earn estly pleased upon them, but they think such a measure would be attended with great difficulties, it is, howover, still under inquiry. Ono reconuuendstion of gtrrat value is tho establishment of a ch<U tigh ter if birth*, inarrlaffea,and rf.-at/it, to In clude all classes and relignus professions, with proper description* of tho parties.? Aat. (iar It would appear, (.mi)* a London paper> that book* in certain departments of litera ture and science never went! in greater re quest that at present. Mr. (ioon'rf "Stu dy ofMedicine," edited by Samvbi. Uoor Ka, was Milwrrilml amongst the trade lasl week, when nearly seven hundred copies in live largo octavo volumes were tskeft* Sir Wai/tk* Scott's new novel, subocri lied upwards of four thousand copies; Rbd IjookiiArt's Life of Nnhotron Uonafmrte, between six and seven thousand. Stupidity!?" I MbiSe the juty hav? been inocculatcd/or ttvhidlty," said a Uw yer. ?? Thnt may be,*' said his opmsut ' ?lMit the lw?r are of oplf Ion thkt jft>u nan fl * 'i ^ ? ^1 ?? +1 A? ?